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	<title>MIGREUROP</title>
	<link>https://migreurop.org/</link>
	<description>Migreurop est un r&#233;seau europ&#233;en et africain de militant&#183;e&#183;s et chercheur&#183;euse&#183;s dont l'objectif est de faire conna&#238;tre et de lutter contre la g&#233;n&#233;ralisation de l'enfermement des &#233;trangers et la multiplication des camps, dispositif au c&#339;ur de la politique d'externalisation de l'Union europ&#233;enne.</description>
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<item xml:lang="es">
		<title>Externalizaci&#243;n del asilo: una cooperaci&#243;n en desprecio de la protecci&#243;n internacional y del estado de derecho</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3306.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3306.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-04-17T13:44:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>es</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Tunisie&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Externalisation&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Politiques migratoires&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Business migratoire&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Italie&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Albanie&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Rwanda</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;El antiguo deseo de los pa&#237;ses europeos de externalizar la tramitaci&#243;n de las solicitudes de asilo se ha concretado recientemente en los &#034;acuerdos&#034; Reino Unido/Ruanda e Italia/Albania. Mientras que la iniciativa brit&#225;nica se ha abandonado, la de Italia se ha bloqueado temporalmente. Tras la anulaci&#243;n de los dos primeros traslados de exiliadxs a campos de Albania, y a la espera de la decisi&#243;n del Tribunal de Casaci&#243;n de Roma sobre el recurso del gobierno italiano, &#233;ste desmoviliz&#243; al personal (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique458.html" rel="directory"&gt;Notes d'analyse&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Tunisie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Externalisation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Politiques migratoires&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot170.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Business migratoire&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Italie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot182.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Albanie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot201.html" rel="tag"&gt;Rwanda&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH113/img_2821-5a7a7.jpg?1744206826' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='113' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class='spip_document_5311 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;41&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;x&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_16_es.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 580.2 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH695/capture_d_ecran_2025-04-17_104201-c3574.png?1744879759' width='500' height='695' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Boletin #16 : Externalizaci&#243;n del asilo
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El antiguo deseo de los pa&#237;ses europeos de externalizar la tramitaci&#243;n de las solicitudes de asilo se ha concretado recientemente en los &#034;acuerdos&#034; Reino Unido/Ruanda e Italia/Albania. Mientras que la iniciativa brit&#225;nica se ha abandonado, la de Italia se ha bloqueado temporalmente. Tras la anulaci&#243;n de los dos primeros traslados de exiliadxs a campos de Albania, y a la espera de la decisi&#243;n del Tribunal de Casaci&#243;n de Roma sobre el recurso del gobierno italiano, &#233;ste desmoviliz&#243; al personal movilizado in situ.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Estos experimentos, que podr&#237;an verse favorecidos por la aplicaci&#243;n del Pacto Europeo sobre Migraci&#243;n y Asilo, chocan por ahora con la ley. A pesar de estos contratiempos y de su coste desorbitado, suscitan un entusiasmo desenfrenado entre los dirigentes europeos, que ya no ocultan su deseo de expulsar de sus territorios a las personas en busca de protecci&#243;n internacional.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La cobertura medi&#225;tica y la explotaci&#243;n de estos dramas pol&#237;ticos y jur&#237;dicos normalizan las violaciones de los derechos de lxs exiliadxs, pero tambi&#233;n del derecho internacional que define estos derechos y de la jerarqu&#237;a de normas que los garantiza, frente a una soberan&#237;a nacional supuestamente burlada. Del mismo modo, en pa&#237;ses &#034;terceros&#034; a veces autoritarios, las &#034;asociaciones&#034; migratorias concluidas por Europa contribuyen a deslegitimar e irregularizar a lxs exiliadxs, sin tener en cuenta sus derechos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La falta de transparencia y la ret&#243;rica hip&#243;crita, a menudo humanitaria, que acompa&#241;a a la externalizaci&#243;n de las pol&#237;ticas migratorias europeas pueden haber dado la ilusi&#243;n de un baluarte que protege el derecho de asilo. Sin embargo, se refieran o no expl&#237;citamente al asilo, estas pol&#237;ticas no s&#243;lo conducen a la erosi&#243;n de la protecci&#243;n internacional, sino tambi&#233;n a la quiebra del Estado de derecho, en Europa y fuera de ella.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
[Editorial]&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Contribuyentes: Mark Akkerman (investigador, top Wapenhandel y Transnational Institute), Sophie-Anne Bisiaux (investigadora y activista, Migreurop), Morgane Dujmovic (investigadora CNRS, ge&#243;grafa y polit&#243;logo, Migreurop), Brigitte Espuche (Migreurop), FTDES, Nawal Karroum (Migreurop), Yasha Maccanico (Statewatch), Claire Rodier (GISTI). &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cartograf&#237;a: Olivier Clochard (ge&#243;grafo-cart&#243;grafo, encargado de investigaciones en el CNRS, Migreurop) para la Brigada de intervenciones cartogr&#225;ficas de la red.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Photograf&#237;a: &#169; Maso Notarianni, octubre de 2024, campo de Gjad&#235;r-Albania.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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	</item>
<item xml:lang="it">
		<title> Esternalizzazione dell'asilo: la cooperazione in barba alla protezione internazionale e allo stato di diritto</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3307.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3307.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-04-17T13:41:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>it</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Tunisie&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Business migratoire&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Externalisation&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Politiques migratoires&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Italie&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Albanie&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Rwanda</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;L'annoso desiderio dei Paesi europei di esternalizzare il trattamento delle domande di asilo si &#232; recentemente concretizzato negli &#034;accordi&#034; Regno Unito/Rwanda e Italia/Albania. Mentre l'iniziativa britannica &#232; stata abbandonata, quella italiana &#232; stata temporaneamente bloccata. Dopo l'annullamento dei primi due trasferimenti di esuli nei campi in Albania, e in attesa della decisione della Corte di Cassazione di Roma sul ricorso del governo italiano, il governo italiano ha richiamato il (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique458.html" rel="directory"&gt;Notes d'analyse&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Tunisie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot170.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Business migratoire&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Externalisation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Politiques migratoires&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Italie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot182.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Albanie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot201.html" rel="tag"&gt;Rwanda&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH113/img_2821-4-6cac4.jpg?1744276689' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='113' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class='spip_document_5309 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;41&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;x&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_16_it.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 578.3 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH707/note_16_it_page-0001-ffe57.jpg?1744715255' width='500' height='707' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note #16 : Esternalizzazione dell'asilo
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'annoso desiderio dei Paesi europei di esternalizzare il trattamento delle domande di asilo si &#232; recentemente concretizzato negli &#034;accordi&#034; Regno Unito/Rwanda e Italia/Albania. Mentre l'iniziativa britannica &#232; stata abbandonata, quella italiana &#232; stata temporaneamente bloccata. Dopo l'annullamento dei primi due trasferimenti di esuli nei campi in Albania, e in attesa della decisione della Corte di Cassazione di Roma sul ricorso del governo italiano, il governo italiano ha richiamato il personale mobilitato in loco.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Questi esperimenti, che potrebbero essere incoraggiati dall'applicazione del Patto europeo sulla migrazione e l'asilo, si scontrano attualmente con la legge. Nonostante queste battute d'arresto e il loro costo esorbitante, stanno suscitando un entusiasmo sfrenato tra i leader europei, che non nascondono pi&#249; il loro desiderio di spingere le persone in cerca di protezione internazionale fuori dai loro territori.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La copertura mediatica e lo sfruttamento di questi drammi politici e giuridici normalizzano le violazioni dei diritti degli esuli, ma anche del diritto internazionale che li definisce e della gerarchia di norme che li garantisce, a fronte della sovranit&#224; nazionale che si presume venga violata. Allo stesso modo, in Paesi &#034;terzi&#034; talvolta autoritari, i &#034;partenariati&#034; migratori conclusi dall'Europa contribuiscono a delegittimare e a rendere irregolari gli esuli, senza alcun riguardo per i loro diritti.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La mancanza di trasparenza e la retorica ipocrita, spesso umanitaria, che accompagna. l'esternalizzazione delle politiche migratorie europee hanno dato l'illusione di un baluardo a protezione del diritto d'asilo. Tuttavia, che riguardino esplicitamente l'asilo o meno, queste politiche non solo portano all'erosione della protezione internazionale, ma anche al crollo dello Stato di diritto, in Europa e altrove.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
[Editoriale]&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Contributori e contributrici: Mark Akkerman (ricercatore, Stop Wapenhandel e Transnational Institute), Sophie-Anne Bisiaux (ricercatrice e attivista, Migreurop), Morgane Dujmovic (ricercatrice CNR, geografa e politologa, Migreurop), Brigitte Espuche (Migreurop), FTDES, Nawal Karroum (Migreurop), Yasha Maccanico (Statewatch), Claire Rodier (GISTI).&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Cartografia: Olivier Clochard (geografo-cartografo, ricercatore presso il CNRS, Migreurop) per la Brigata di intervento cartografico della rete.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Photografia: &#169; Maso Notarianni, ottobre 2024, campo di Gjad&#235;r-Albania.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Externalisation of Asylum: Cooperation in Defiance of International Protection and the Rule of Law</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3305.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3305.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-04-17T11:34:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Tunisia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Migration business</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Albania</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Rwanda</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;The long-standing desire of European countries to externalise the processing of asylum applications has recently taken concrete form in the UK/Rwanda and Italy/Albania 'agreements'. While the British initiative has been abandoned, the Italian one has been temporarily blocked. Following the cancellation of the first two transfers of people on the move to camps in Albania, and pending the decision of the Court of Cassation in Rome on the Italian government's appeal, the latter has recalled the (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique458.html" rel="directory"&gt;Briefs&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot170.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration business&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot182.html" rel="tag"&gt;Albania&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot201.html" rel="tag"&gt;Rwanda&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH113/img_2821-3-d48a3.jpg?1744198564' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='113' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class='spip_document_5317 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;39&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;x&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_16_en-1.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 585.5 KiB' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH707/note_16_en_page-0001-9cdef.jpg?1744715255' width='500' height='707' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Brief #16 - Externalisation of asylum
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The long-standing desire of European countries to externalise the processing of asylum applications has recently taken concrete form in the UK/Rwanda and Italy/Albania 'agreements'. While the British initiative has been abandoned, the Italian one has been temporarily blocked. Following the cancellation of the first two transfers of people on the move to camps in Albania, and pending the decision of the Court of Cassation in Rome on the Italian government's appeal, the latter has recalled the staff mobilised on site.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These experiments, which could be encouraged by the application of the European Pact on Migration and Asylum, are currently running up against the law. Despite these setbacks and their exorbitant cost, they are generating unbridled enthusiasm among European leaders, who no longer hide their desire to push people seeking international protection out of their territories.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The media coverage and the exploitation of these political and legal dramas normalise violations of the rights of people on the move, but also of international law, which defines these rights, and the hierarchy of norms that guarantees them, against a supposedly flouted national sovereignty. Similarly, in &#034;third&#034; countries that are sometimes authoritarian, the migration &#034;partnerships&#034; struck by Europe contribute to delegitimise and irregularise people on the move, in defiance for their rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The lack of transparency and the hypocritical, often humanitarian, rhetoric that accompanies the externalisation of European migration policies may have given the impression that a bulwark protects the right to asylum. However, whether they explicitly concern asylum or not, these policies do not just lead to the erosion of international protection, but also to the breakdown of the rule of law, in Europe and beyond.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
[Editorial]&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Contributors: Mark Akkerman (researcher, Stop Wapenhandel and Transnational Institute), Sophie-Anne Bisiaux (researcher and activist, Migreurop), Morgane Dujmovic (CNRS researcher, geographer and politist, Migreurop), Brigitte Espuche (Migreurop), FTDES, Nawal Karroum (Migreurop), Yasha Maccanico (Statewatch), Claire Rodier (GISTI).&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cartography: Olivier Clochard (geographer-cartographer, CNRS research fellow, Migreurop) for the network's Cartographic Interventions Brigade.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Photograph: &#169; Maso Notarianni, october 2024, camp of Gjad&#235;r-Albania.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Externalisation de l'asile : une coop&#233;ration au m&#233;pris de la protection internationale et de l'&#233;tat de droit</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3304.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3304.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2024-12-18T11:49:51Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Tunisie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Business migratoire</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Politiques migratoires</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Albanie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Rwanda</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Les vell&#233;it&#233;s anciennes des &#201;tats europ&#233;ens d'externaliser le traitement des demandes d'asile se sont r&#233;cemment concr&#233;tis&#233;es &#224; travers les &#171; accords &#187; Royaume-Uni/Rwanda et Italie/Albanie. Alors que l'initiative britannique a &#233;t&#233; abandonn&#233;e, celle de l'Italie est temporairement bloqu&#233;e. Apr&#232;s l'annulation des deux premiers transferts d'exil&#233;s dans les camps en Albanie et dans l'attente de la d&#233;cision de la Cour de cassation de Rome sur le recours du gouvernement italien, celui-ci a rappel&#233; (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique458.html" rel="directory"&gt;Notes d'analyse&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot170.html" rel="tag"&gt;Business migratoire&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Politiques migratoires&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;Italie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot182.html" rel="tag"&gt;Albanie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot201.html" rel="tag"&gt;Rwanda&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH113/img_2821-2-0cc26.jpg?1734522658' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='113' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class='spip_document_4539 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;36&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;x&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_16_fr-3.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 849.1 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L473xH670/capture_d_ecran_2025-02-18_144945-73edc.png?1739887520' width='473' height='670' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note#16 Externalisation de l'asile
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les vell&#233;it&#233;s anciennes des &#201;tats europ&#233;ens d'externaliser le traitement des demandes d'asile se sont&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
r&#233;cemment concr&#233;tis&#233;es &#224; travers les &#171; accords &#187; Royaume-Uni/Rwanda et Italie/Albanie. Alors que l'initiative britannique a &#233;t&#233; abandonn&#233;e, celle de l'Italie est temporairement bloqu&#233;e. Apr&#232;s l'annulation des deux&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
premiers transferts d'exil&#233;s dans les camps en Albanie et dans l'attente de la d&#233;cision de la Cour de cassation&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
de Rome sur le recours du gouvernement italien, celui-ci a rappel&#233; le personnel mobilis&#233; sur place.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ces exp&#233;rimentations, que l'application du Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile pourrait favoriser, se&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
heurtent pour l'instant au droit. Malgr&#233; ces revers et leur co&#251;t exorbitant, elles suscitent un engouement d&#233;complex&#233; des responsables europ&#233;ens qui ne se cachent plus de vouloir repousser hors de leurs territoires les personnes en demande de protection internationale.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La m&#233;diatisation et l'instrumentalisation de ces feuille- tons politico-juridiques normalisent les violations des droits des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s, mais aussi du droit international qui les d&#233;finit et de la hi&#233;rarchie des normes qui les garantit, face &#224; une souverainet&#233; nationale pr&#233;tendument bafou&#233;e. De m&#234;me, dans les pays &#171; tiers &#187; parfois autoritaires, les &#171; partenariats &#187; migratoires conclus par l'Europe contribuent &#224; d&#233;l&#233;gitimer et irr&#233;gulariser les personnes exil&#233;es, au m&#233;pris des droits.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'absence de transparence et la rh&#233;torique hypocrite, souvent humanitaire, accompagnant l'externalisation des politiques migratoires europ&#233;ennes ont pu donner l'illusion d'un rempart pr&#233;servant le droit d'asile. Qu'elles concernent explicitement l'asile ou non, celles-ci engendrent pourtant non seulement l'&#233;rosion de la pro-&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
tection internationale, mais aussi le d&#233;litement de l'&#233;tat de droit, en Europe comme au-del&#224;.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
[Edito]&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Contributeurs et contributrices : Mark Akkerman (chercheur, Stop Wapenhandel et Transnational Institute), Sophie-Anne Bisiaux (chercheuse et activiste, Migreurop), Morgane Dujmovic (chercheuse CNRS, g&#233;ographe et politiste, Migreurop), Brigitte Espuche (Migreurop), FTDES, Nawal Karroum (Migreurop), Yasha Maccanico (Statewatch), Claire Rodier (GISTI).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cartographie : Olivier Clochard (Migreurop) pour la Brigade d'interventions cartographiques (BIC) du r&#233;seau.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Photographie : &#169; Maso Notarianni, octobre 2024, camp de Gjad&#235;r-Albanie.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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	</item>
<item xml:lang="es">
		<title>Impedir las migraciones: disuasi&#243;n, represi&#243;n</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3215.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3215.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2023-12-30T10:06:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>es</dc:language>
		



		<description>
&lt;p&gt;La pol&#237;tica migratoria europea se caracteriza por una doctrina conocida como &#034;efectollamada&#034; [...]. Todo se orienta hacia estrategias de disuasi&#243;n para limitar la entrada y la residencia en la Uni&#243;n Europea (UE), y para ello los pa&#237;ses utilizan el arsenal jur&#237;dico, administrativo o militar-policial de que disponen [...]. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Los principales objetivos, sobre base racista, son las personas que intentan cruzar las fronteras que son amenazadas, perseguidas o incluso acusadas de tr&#225;fico de seres (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique458.html" rel="directory"&gt;Notes d'analyse&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH99/arton3215-cf42b.jpg?1717745821' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='99' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
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&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_15_es_def.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 710.6 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L472xH670/capture_d_ecran_2025-02-18_150836-4a876.png?1739892868' width='472' height='670' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Boletin #15_Impedir las migraciones: disuasi&#243;n, represi&#243;n
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La pol&#237;tica migratoria europea se caracteriza por una doctrina conocida como &#034;efectollamada&#034; [...]. Todo se orienta hacia estrategias de disuasi&#243;n para limitar la entrada y la residencia en la Uni&#243;n Europea (UE), y para ello los pa&#237;ses utilizan el arsenal jur&#237;dico, administrativo o militar-policial de que disponen [...].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los principales objetivos, sobre base racista, son las personas que intentan cruzar las fronteras que son amenazadas, perseguidas o incluso acusadas de tr&#225;fico de seres humanos y condenadas, aunque simplemente se est&#233;n ayudando. Pero tambi&#233;n y por la misma raz&#243;n, quienes les ayudan y, en este caso, a sus organizaciones, sea cual sea su motivaci&#243;n.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las personas voluntarias son calificadas de criminales, en referencia a la odiada figura del &#034;traficante-pasador&#034;, se&#241;alados si no castigados, siendo objeto de un agotamiento en m&#250;ltiples facetas ante la ilimitada imaginaci&#243;n de las fuerzas represivas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;[Extracto - Editorial ]&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Colaboradores : Claudia Charles (GISTI), Brigitte Espuche (Migreurop), Camille Gendrot (jurista, Universit&#233; Paris 1 Panth&#233;on Sorbonne/ICM), Nawal Karroum (Migreurop), Alain Morice (director em&#233;rito de investigaci&#243;n en el CNRS, Migreurop), Claire Rodier (GISTI), Anna Sibley (GISTI), Elsa Tyszler (soci&#243;loga, Centre de recherches sociologiques et politiques de Paris, Migreurop). &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mapa: Olivier Clochard (ge&#243;grafo-cartografista, investigador del CNRS, Migreurop) para la &#034;Brigade d'interventions cartographiques&#034; (Brigada de intervenciones cartogr&#225;ficas) de la red &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Fotograf&#237;a: &#169; Valeria Ferraro/SOPA Images via ZUMA Wire&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		
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	</item>
<item xml:lang="it">
		<title>Ostacolare le migrazioni: dissuasione e repressione</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3214.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3214.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2023-12-30T10:06:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>it</dc:language>
		



		<description>
&lt;p&gt;La politica migratoria europea &#232; caratterizzata da una dottrina nota come &#034;pull factor [...]. Le strategie promuovono la dissuasione per limitare l'ingresso e il soggiorno nell'Unione europea (UE). I Paesi membri utilizzano a tal fine l'arsenale giuridico, amministrativo o militare-poliziesco a loro disposizione [...]. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Sono prese di mira, spesso su base razzista, le persone che cercano di attraversare le frontiere; esse vengono minacciate, inseguite o addirittura accusate di traffico di (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique458.html" rel="directory"&gt;Notes d'analyse&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH99/arton3214-9b0a1.jpg?1718102301' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='99' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class='spip_document_3806 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;63&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;x&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_15_it.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 709 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L472xH671/capture_d_ecran_2025-02-18_150912-620bd.png?1739892895' width='472' height='671' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note #15_Ostacolare le migrazioni : dissuasione e repressione
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La politica migratoria europea &#232; caratterizzata da una dottrina nota come &#034;pull factor [...]. Le strategie promuovono la dissuasione per limitare l'ingresso e il soggiorno nell'Unione europea (UE). I Paesi membri utilizzano a tal fine l'arsenale giuridico, amministrativo o militare-poliziesco a loro disposizione [...].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sono prese di mira, spesso su base razzista, le persone che cercano di attraversare le frontiere; esse vengono minacciate, inseguite o addirittura accusate di traffico di esseri umani e condannate, anche quando non fanno altro che aiutarsi a vicenda. Allo stesso modo vengono criminalizzate le persone che vengono in loro aiuto e, se del caso, le organizzazioni di cui sono membri, indipendentemente da ci&#242; che motiva il loro gesto.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Spesso descritti come criminali in riferimento alla deprecata figura del &#034;trafficante/scafista&#034;, additati o addirittura puniti, sono oggetto di critiche multiformi, vista l'immaginazione senza limiti delle forze di repressione.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;[Estratto - Editoriale]&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Hanno contribuito a questa nota : Claudia Charles (GISTI), Brigitte Espuche (Migreurop), Camille Gendrot (giurista, Universit&#233; Paris 1 Panth&#233;on Sorbonne/ICM), Nawal Karroum (Migreurop), Alain Morice (direttore emerito di ricerca presso il CNRS, Migreurop), Claire Rodier (GISTI), Anna Sibley (GISTI), Elsa Tyszler (sociologa, Centre de recherches sociologiques et politiques de Paris, Migreurop).&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mappatura : Olivier Clochard (geografo-cartografo, ricercatore del CNRS, Migreurop) per la &#034;Brigade d'interventions cartographiques&#034; (Brigata di intervento cartografico) della rete&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Fotografia: &#169; Valeria Ferraro/SOPA Images via ZUMA Wire&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Preventing migration: deterrence and repression</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3213.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3213.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2023-12-21T15:48:21Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		



		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Europe's migration policy is characterised by a doctrine known as the &#034;pull factor&#034; [...]. Everything is geared towards strategies of dissuasion to limit entry and residence in the territory of the European Union (EU), with countries using the legal, administrative or military-police arsenal at their disposal to this end[...]. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
The main targets, often on a racist basis, are people who try to cross borders, who are threatened, hunted down or even accused of trafficking in human beings and (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique458.html" rel="directory"&gt;Briefs&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH99/arton3213-d109b.jpg?1718102301' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='99' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
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&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_15_en.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 708.4 KiB' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L394xH557/capture_d_ecran_2025-02-18_150817-74fc5.png?1739892826' width='394' height='557' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Brief Migreurop #15_Preventing migration: deterrence and repression
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Europe's migration policy is characterised by a doctrine known as the &#034;pull factor&#034; [...]. Everything is geared towards strategies of dissuasion to limit entry and residence in the territory of the European Union (EU), with countries using the legal, administrative or military-police arsenal at their disposal to this end[...].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The main targets, often on a racist basis, are people who try to cross borders, who are threatened, hunted down or even accused of trafficking in human beings and convicted, even though they are simply helping each other. But also, by the same token, those who come to their aid and, where appropriate, their organisations, whatever their motivation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Frequently described as criminals in reference to the hated figure of the &#8220;smuggler&#8221;, singled out if not punished, they are the subject of a multifaceted assault, the imagination of the forces of repression being limitless.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;[Extract - Editorial]&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Contributors : Claudia Charles (GISTI), Brigitte Espuche (Migreurop), Camille Gendrot (lawyer, Universit&#233; Paris 1 Panth&#233;on Sorbonne/ICM), Nawal Karroum (Migreurop), Alain Morice (emeritus research director at the CNRS, Migreurop), Claire Rodier (GISTI), Anna Sibley (GISTI), Elsa Tyszler (sociologist, Centre de recherches sociologiques et politiques de Paris, Migreurop).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Iconography : Olivier Clochard (geographer-cartographer, CNRS research fellow, Migreurop) for the network's Brigade d'intervention cartographique (Cartographic Intervention Brigade)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Translated with the support of the &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi46Y7KpPODAxW4dqQEHQHQD5YQFnoECB0QAQ&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rosalux.de%2Fen%2F&amp;usg=AOvVaw1_TfKypz6cRzEoDfKVMZ2W&amp;opi=89978449&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Rosa Luxembourg Foundation&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Photography : &#169; Valeria Ferraro/SOPA Images via ZUMA Wire&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Emp&#234;cher les migrations : dissuasion, r&#233;pression</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3195.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3195.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2023-07-28T13:15:22Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Criminalisation des solidarit&#233;s</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;La politique migratoire europ&#233;enne est marqu&#233;e par la doctrine dite de l'appel d'air [...]. Tout s'oriente vers des strat&#233;gies de dissuasion pour circonscrire l'entr&#233;e comme le s&#233;jour dans le territoire de l'Union europ&#233;enne (UE), les pays usant pour cela de l'arsenal juridique, administratif ou militaro-policier dont ils disposent [...]. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Sont vis&#233;es principalement, souvent sur une base raciste, les personnes qui tentent de franchir les fronti&#232;res, menac&#233;es, pourchass&#233;es, voire accus&#233;es de (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique458.html" rel="directory"&gt;Notes d'analyse&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot172.html" rel="tag"&gt;Criminalisation des solidarit&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH99/arton3195-965d7.jpg?1718102302' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='99' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
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&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_15_fr_finale.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 715.4 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L396xH557/capture_d_ecran_2025-02-18_145718-3758d.png?1739887361' width='396' height='557' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Note#15 : Emp&#234;cher les migrations : dissuasion, r&#233;pression
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La politique migratoire europ&#233;enne est marqu&#233;e par la doctrine dite de l'appel d'air [...]. Tout s'oriente vers des strat&#233;gies de dissuasion pour circonscrire l'entr&#233;e comme le s&#233;jour dans le territoire de l'Union europ&#233;enne (UE), les pays usant pour cela de l'arsenal juridique, administratif ou militaro-policier dont ils disposent [...].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sont vis&#233;es principalement, souvent sur une base raciste, les personnes qui tentent de franchir les fronti&#232;res, menac&#233;es, pourchass&#233;es, voire accus&#233;es de trafic d'&#234;tres humains et condamn&#233;es, alors m&#234;me qu'elles ne font que s'assister mutuellement. Mais aussi, dans la m&#234;me logique, celles qui leur viennent en aide, ainsi que, le cas &#233;ch&#233;ant, leurs organisations, toutes motivations confondues.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Volontiers qualifi&#233;es de criminelles en r&#233;f&#233;rence &#224; la figure honnie du &#171; passeur &#187;, montr&#233;es du doigt sinon punies, les unes et les autres font l'objet d'un &#233;reintement multiforme, l'imagination des forces de r&#233;pression &#233;tant sans limite.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;[Extrait - Edito]&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Contributeurs et contributrices : Claudia Charles (GISTI), Brigitte Espuche (Migreurop), Camille Gendrot (juriste, Universit&#233; Paris 1 Panth&#233;on Sorbonne/ICM), Nawal Karroum (Migreurop), Alain Morice (directeur de recherche &#233;m&#233;rite au CNRS, Migreurop), Claire Rodier (GISTI), Anna Sibley (GISTI), Elsa Tyszler (sociologue, Centre de recherches sociologiques et politiques de Paris, Migreurop).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Iconographie : Olivier Clochard (g&#233;ographe-cartographe, charg&#233; de recherche au CNRS, Migreurop) pour la Brigade d'interventions cartographiques du r&#233;seau&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Photographie : &#169; Valeria Ferraro/SOPA Images via ZUMA Wire&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>The Informalization of migration policies: the pitfalls of Soft Law</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3173.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3173.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2022-07-30T14:03:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Libya</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Forced returns</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Little known to the public, soft law is a formidable weapon in the hands of States, which use this method when they want to get around the constraints and rigidity that national laws or international texts and treaties would impose on them. It is often mobilized in the field of &#034;migration control&#034;, without it always being easy to distinguish between the strict application of the law and its circumvention. The externalization of asylum and immigration policies is a typical example of the use (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique458.html" rel="directory"&gt;Briefs&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot39.html" rel="tag"&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Forced returns&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH85/arton3173-2bdef.jpg?1728320537' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='85' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Little known to the public, soft law is a formidable weapon in the hands of States, which use this method when they want to get around the constraints and rigidity that national laws or international texts and treaties would impose on them. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
It is often mobilized in the field of &#034;migration control&#034;, without it always being easy to distinguish between the strict application of the law and its circumvention. The externalization of asylum and immigration policies is a typical example of the use of soft law: the European Union (EU) or its member states find it advantageous to negotiate a whole host of arrangements with various names, more or less informal, with their &#034;partners&#034; in third countries, misrepresented as being on an equal footing. The aim is to force the latter to stop immigration at source or to take back to their soil the undesirables that will be sent back to them, sometimes under the pretext of urgency (as was the case with the EU-Turkey &#034;declaration&#034; in March 2016, supposed to put an end to the misnamed &#034;migratory crisis&#034;). With soft law, certain clauses contrary to fundamental rights can remain concealed. Abuses will be imputed to these authorities outside Europe, parliamentary or judicial bodies will not be seized, internal dissensions will be less visible and, faced with possible pitfalls, it will be easier to change course.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This opens up a vast field for forms of infra-law which, beyond the diversity of operating methods, inevitably lead to the denial of the norms in force. Hence the challenge for human rights associations to understand the mechanisms of soft law and the public discourse that aims to impose its legitimacy on public opinion.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr class=&#034;spip&#034; /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Contributors : Mikel Araguas (SOS Racismo), Marie-Laure Basilien-Gainche (Law professor, ICM), Jean-Pierre Cassarino (researcher-teacher, Coll&#232;ge d'Europe/IRMC), Brigitte Espuche (Migreurop), Alain Morice (Migreurop), Claire Rodier (GISTI), Anna Sibley (Migreurop).&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Map : Nicolas Lambert for the Cartographic Intervention Brigade (Migreurop)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Photo : Extract from the video &#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article2919.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;No to the war on migrants&lt;/a&gt;&#034; - created by the agency Bonjour.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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<item xml:lang="it">
		<title>L'informalizzazione delle politiche migratorie: le trappole della soft law</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3238.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3238.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2022-06-30T14:44:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>it</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Libye&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Externalisation&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Renvois forc&#233;s&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Politiques migratoires&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Sconosciuta al grande pubblico, la soft law &#232; un'arma temibile nelle mani degli Stati, che utilizzano questo metodo quando vogliono aggirare i limiti e le rigidit&#224; che le leggi nazionali o altri testi e i trattati internazionali impongono. Questa &#232; spesso utilizzata nell'ambito del &#8220;controllo dei flussi migratori&#8221;, in modo da rendere difficile differenziare tra la stretta applicazione della legge e il suo aggiramento. L'esternalizzazione delle politiche di asilo e di migrazione &#232; un esempio (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique458.html" rel="directory"&gt;Notes d'analyse&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot39.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Libye&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Externalisation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Renvois forc&#233;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Politiques migratoires&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH85/arton3238-7110a.jpg?1717763566' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='85' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sconosciuta al grande pubblico, la soft law &#232; un'arma temibile nelle mani degli Stati, che utilizzano questo metodo quando vogliono aggirare i limiti e le rigidit&#224; che le leggi nazionali o altri testi e i trattati internazionali impongono. Questa &#232; spesso utilizzata nell'ambito del &#8220;controllo dei flussi migratori&#8221;, in modo da rendere difficile differenziare tra la stretta applicazione della legge e il suo aggiramento. L'esternalizzazione delle politiche di asilo e di migrazione &#232; un esempio tipico di ricorso alla soft law: l'Unione Europea (UE) o i suoi Stati membri trovano vantaggioso negoziare tutta una serie di accordi dai nomi diversi, pi&#249; o meno informali, con i loro partner dei paesi terzi, fittiziamente posti su un piano d'uguaglianza.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Il fine &#232; costringere questi ultimi a fermare l'immigrazione alla fonte o riammettere sul loro territorio gli indesiderati che verranno rimandati indietro, a volte con il pretesto dell'urgenza (come fu nel caso della &#8220;dichiarazione&#8221; UE-Turchia nel Marzo 2016, che doveva mettere fine alla impropriamente chiamata &#8220;crisi migratoria&#8221;): con la soft law, alcune clausole contrarie ai diritti fondamentali possono rimanere occulte. Gli abusi saranno imputati alle autorit&#224; esterne all'Europa, le istanze parlamentari o giudiziarie non saranno adite, i dissensi interni saranno meno visibili e, in caso di ostacoli, sar&#224; pi&#249; facile cambiare la rotta.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si apre in questo modo un vasto ambito di forme di &#8220;intra-diritto&#8221; che, a causa della diversit&#224; dei modelli operativi, portano inevitabilmente al diniego delle norme in vigore. Da qui l'importanza che rappresenta, per le associazioni di difesa dei diritti umani, la conoscenza dei meccanismi della soft law e dei discorsi pubblici che mirano a imporne la legittimit&#224; nell'opinione pubblica.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;[Estratto - Editoriale]&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hanno contribuito a questa nota : Mikel Araguas (SOS Racismo), Marie-Laure Basilien-Gainche (Professeur de droit, ICM), Jean-Pierre Cassarino (Chercheur-enseignant, Coll&#232;ge d'Europe/IRMC), Brigitte Espuche (Migreurop), Alain Morice (Migreurop), Claire Rodier (GISTI), Anna Sibley (Migreurop).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mappatura : Nicolas Lambert per la &#034;Brigade d'interventions cartographiques&#034; (Brigata di intervento cartografico) della rete&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fotografia: Estratto dal video &#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article2919.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Non &#224; la guerre aux migrant.e.s&lt;/a&gt;&#034;. - Prodotto dall'agenzia Bonjour.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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