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		<title>Ceuta o la consagraci&#243;n de las pol&#237;ticas migratorias racistas y securitarias</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3610.html</link>
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		<dc:date>2026-08-11T21:09:27Z</dc:date>
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&lt;p&gt;Al contrario de lo que se ha venido diciendo mayoritariamente en los medios de comunicaci&#243;n estas &#250;ltimas semanas, los sucesos ocurridos en Ceuta a partir del 30 de julio no deben considerarse una &#171; crisis migratoria &#187; excepcional, sino m&#225;s bien la consecuencia previsible de un modelo de gesti&#243;n migratoria basado en la disuasi&#243;n, la externalizaci&#243;n de las fronteras, la normalizaci&#243;n progresiva de la violencia y la instrumentalizaci&#243;n de las cuestiones migratorias. La militarizaci&#243;n de las (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH84/photo_ceuta-3-d1b6e.jpg?1786482695' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='84' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Al contrario de lo que se ha venido diciendo mayoritariamente en los medios de comunicaci&#243;n estas &#250;ltimas semanas, los sucesos ocurridos en Ceuta a partir del 30 de julio no deben considerarse una &#171; crisis migratoria &#187; excepcional, sino m&#225;s bien la consecuencia previsible de un modelo de gesti&#243;n migratoria basado en la disuasi&#243;n, la externalizaci&#243;n de las fronteras, la normalizaci&#243;n progresiva de la violencia y la instrumentalizaci&#243;n de las cuestiones migratorias. La militarizaci&#243;n de las fronteras, la crueldad hacia las personas migrantes, la violaci&#243;n del derecho internacional y la impunidad institucional organizada son elementos que demuestran cada d&#237;a el callej&#243;n sin salida en el que se encuentran las pol&#237;ticas y estrategias migratorias actuales.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Entre el 30 y el 31 de julio, entre 40 000 personas (seg&#250;n Marruecos) y 70 000 (seg&#250;n Espa&#241;a) habr&#237;an cruzado desde Marruecos, principalmente por mar, la frontera de Ceuta &#8212;un vestigio colonial europeo bajo control espa&#241;ol situado en territorio marroqu&#237; &#8212;, reclamando as&#237; su libertad de circulaci&#243;n. Entre 83 personas&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Se elevan a 83 los fallecidos en la entrada masiva en Ceuta tras el (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; (cifra oficial) y 141&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Sebta : l'AMDH fait &#233;tat de plus de 140 morts et 111 arrestations &#187;, Media (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; (cifra de las asociaciones) habr&#237;an fallecido en el intento, y casi la mayor&#237;a de las personas que llegaron fueron devueltas a Marruecos en 48 horas, en violaci&#243;n del derecho internacional (principio de no devoluci&#243;n), del derecho europeo (Pacto Europeo de Asilo y Migraci&#243;n) y de la legislaci&#243;n espa&#241;ola (sentencia del Tribunal Supremo espa&#241;ol de 8 de julio de 2026).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La fabricaci&#243;n de la &#171; crisis migratoria &#187;, una estrategia recurrente de las pol&#237;ticas europeas &lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Ante lo que se ha presentado como una en&#233;sima &#171;crisis migratoria&#187;, conviene poner las cifras en perspectiva. Parecen importantes si se tienen en cuenta los escasos 20 km&#178; (85 000 habitantes) que ocupa el enclave de Ceuta. Pero, en realidad, son insignificantes si se comparan con la poblaci&#243;n de los 27 Estados miembros de la UE, que supera los 450 millones de habitantes. En este caso se produce un efecto de zoom, amplificado precisamente por el hecho de que Ceuta, que constituye una de las dos &#250;nicas fronteras terrestre entre Marruecos y Espa&#241;a (la otra es Melilla), se encuentra en el continente africano y no forma parte del espacio Schengen. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Cada vez que Europa ha vivido episodios de llegadas importantes a territorios insulares o aislados, se ha recurrido a la ret&#243;rica de la &#171; crisis migratoria&#187;. Esta expresi&#243;n permite achacar la responsabilidad a las personas migrantes y desviar la atenci&#243;n de los retos pol&#237;ticos y del sistema impuesto por las antiguas potencias coloniales. Este procedimiento se ha utilizado con frecuencia, en Lampedusa (Italia) en 2011 durante las revoluciones &#225;rabes y en 2023, cuando entre 6.000 y 13.000 personas llegaron a la isla en pocos d&#237;as, en Ceuta en 2021, cuando unas 10 000 personas entraron en dos d&#237;as en el enclave tras una relajaci&#243;n de los controles fronterizos marroqu&#237;es, o incluso en Melilla en 2005 o 2022, durante los intentos de franqueo de la valla fronteriza.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En todos estos casos anteriores, las personas en busca de protecci&#243;n, u oportunidades &#8212;y que se han visto obligadas a recurrir a v&#237;as alternativas debido al cierre de las fronteras y a los reg&#237;menes de visados impuestos&#8212; han sido brutalmente reprimidas por las fuerzas del orden y devueltas muy r&#225;pidamente, en violaci&#243;n de sus derechos. Adem&#225;s, muchas de ellas han perdido la vida en el Mediterr&#225;neo, dejando a familias enteras en duelo.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La misma represi&#243;n brutal se llev&#243; a cabo en Ceuta despu&#233;s del 30 de julio. Ante este movimiento migratorio, la narrativa de Espa&#241;a ha sido denunciar una &#171;violaci&#243;n de [su] integridad territorial por parte de redes criminales&#187;, se&#241;alando una instrumentalizaci&#243;n por parte de las &#171;mafias&#187;, que habr&#237;an difundido informaci&#243;n enga&#241;osa en las redes sociales &#8212;en particular, una &#171;interpretaci&#243;n extensiva&#187; de la &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.poderjudicial.es/portal/site/cgpj/menuitem.65d2c4456b6ddb628e635fc1dc432ea0/?vgnextoid=a55381836b14f910VgnVCM1000004648ac0aRCRD&amp;vgnextchannel=ccc9c38cb605c210VgnVCM100000cb34e20aRCRD&amp;vgnextfmt=default&amp;vgnextlocale=ca&amp;lang_choosen=ca&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;sentencia del Tribunal Supremo espa&#241;ol del 8 de julio de 2026&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;La sentencia del Tribunal Supremo espa&#241;ol de 8 de julio de 2026 considera (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, o una apertura de la frontera entre Marruecos y Espa&#241;a. En respuesta a esta situaci&#243;n, Espa&#241;a despleg&#243; inmediatamente al ej&#233;rcito in situ para apoyar a la Guardia Civil, mientras que la UE ofrec&#237;a el apoyo de la agencia Frontex para &#171;recuperar el control&#187; de las fronteras europeas consideradas &#171;amenazadas&#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Recuperaci&#243;n pol&#237;tica a todos los niveles&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La instrumentalizaci&#243;n pol&#237;tica no se hizo esperar a escala de la UE. Las im&#225;genes de las llegadas de exiliadxs a Ceuta, difundidas en bucle, fueron inmediatamente explotadas e instrumentalizadas por las derechas europeas y las extremas derechas, incluso fuera del espacio Schengen, para construir un relato de &#171; invasi&#243;n &#187;. Descritas como un problema de seguridad p&#250;blica, estas llegadas desencadenaron discursos de odio descarados y gritos de indignaci&#243;n, y una crisis diplom&#225;tica que no tard&#243; en eclipsar la crisis humanitaria. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
As&#237;, se ha se&#241;alado el supuesto &#171; laxismo &#187; del Gobierno espa&#241;ol, debido al proceso de regularizaci&#243;n extraordinaria puesto en marcha en su territorio entre abril y junio de 2026&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Real Decreto 316/2026, de 14 de abril, publicado en el Bolet&#237;n Oficial del (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Sin embargo, este programa, que respond&#237;a a criterios estrictos &#8212; en particular, el de haber llegado a Espa&#241;a antes del 1 de enero de 2026 &#8212;, finaliz&#243; el 30 de junio de 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A pesar de ello, se acusa a Espa&#241;a de haber enviado &#171;un mensaje err&#243;neo&#187; a lxs ciudadanxs de terceros pa&#237;ses y de haber creado un &#171; efecto llamada &#187; &#8212;un mito fantasioso ampliamente difundido por la extrema derecha&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171;Inmigraci&#243;n: el mito del &#8220;efecto llamada&#8221;&#187;, Le Monde, 11 de enero de 2023&#034; id=&#034;nh5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Sin embargo, este argumento falaz no se esgrimi&#243; contra Italia un a&#241;o antes, cuando, ante la necesidad de mano de obra, este pa&#237;s emiti&#243; un decreto para regularizar a 500 000 personas extranjeras en su territorio entre 2025 y 2028&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171;Explicaci&#243;n: el &#171;Decreto de Flujos&#187; (Decreto Flussi) de Italia para (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En el caso de Ceuta, existe sin duda alguna la voluntad de aislar y desacreditar la pol&#237;tica migratoria de Espa&#241;a &#8212; uno de los pocos pa&#237;ses europeos que, en algunas de sus pr&#225;cticas y declaraciones a escala nacional, va en contra de los discursos y las pol&#237;ticas que se centran exclusivamente en la seguridad en materia de inmigraci&#243;n. &#8212; y de contrarrestar lo antes posible la posibilidad de que se extienda un discurso positivo e inclusivo sobre la migraci&#243;n, frente al discurso antiinmigraci&#243;n que est&#225; cobrando fuerza a nivel europeo. Sin embargo, nadie puede ignorar la pol&#237;tica paralela llevada a cabo por Espa&#241;a en materia de externalizaci&#243;n en &#193;frica Occidental en los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os, que dista mucho de intentar atraer a personas migrantes : construcci&#243;n de centros de detenci&#243;n extraterritoriales, despliegue de la polic&#237;a espa&#241;ola y de la Guardia Civil, y apoyo de varios millones de euros a las fuerzas de seguridad de &#193;frica Occidental para el control de la migraci&#243;n. Estas pol&#237;ticas de externalizaci&#243;n han tenido, entre otras consecuencias, la de convertir la ruta atl&#225;ntica hacia las Islas Canarias en una de las m&#225;s mort&#237;feras de los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os (con 1.300 fallecidxs a mediados de 2026)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Over 1,300 dead on Atlantic route to Canary Islands to date in 2026 &#187;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los Estados miembros vecinos no han dudado en pedir que se refuercen los controles en las fronteras exteriores de la Uni&#243;n. Algunos pa&#237;ses (Italia, Dinamarca) han pedido a ra&#237;z de ello que se suspenda del espacio Schengen a una Espa&#241;a acusada de no sumarse a la estrategia de &#171; seguridad a toda costa &#187; y de no controlar eficazmente sus fronteras. Por un lado, dicha suspensi&#243;n no est&#225; prevista en la normativa europea vigente y, por otro, es bien sabido que l&lt;a href=&#034;https://2fm74.r.bh.d.sendibt3.com/mk/cl/f/sh/1t6Af4Oj9PgrH6hTmIKVO3efNuBm3l/jCWic199y-Hk&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;os enclaves de Ceuta y Melilla cuentan con un r&#233;gimen excepcional dentro del espacio Schengen que no permite la libre circulaci&#243;n hacia la pen&#237;nsula ib&#233;rica&lt;/a&gt;, debido a un doble control a la entrada y a la salida del enclave, que funciona como una esclusa cerrada. Los pa&#237;ses europeos vecinos de Espa&#241;a tambi&#233;n se han apresurado a indicar que iban a reforzar los controles en las fronteras internas de la Uni&#243;n&#8230; A pesar de que ocho Estados miembros, entre ellos Francia e Italia, han restablecido de hecho, total o parcialmente, dichos controles desde 2015&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171;Espacio Schengen: &#191;qu&#233; pa&#237;ses europeos han restablecido los controles (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
En cuanto a Marruecos, que el 30 de julio celebraba los 27 a&#241;os de reinado de Mohamed VI, guard&#243; silencio durante cuatro d&#237;as antes de, finalmente, pasarle la pelota a Espa&#241;a, acus&#225;ndola de no haber previsto las consecuencias de la sentencia del Tribunal Supremo espa&#241;ol del 8 de julio de 2026&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171;Sebta: les dessous de l'arr&#234;t de justice espagnole qui a provoqu&#233; la crise (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&#8230;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La instrumentalizaci&#243;n de lxs exiliadxs en beneficio de intereses geopol&#237;ticos, efecto boomerang de la externalizaci&#243;n&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
A pesar de ello, Espa&#241;a se ha apresurado a recordar que Marruecos es, ante todo, un aliado, ya que colabora con gran celo en la pol&#237;tica migratoria y de seguridad europea. De hecho, Espa&#241;a, para frenar los movimientos migratorios en su frontera, necesita a Marruecos, quien no duda en record&#225;rselo en diversas ocasiones. Este &#250;ltimo nunca ha dudado en utilizar a lxs exiliadxs como moneda de cambio para servir a sus intereses econ&#243;micos o pol&#237;ticos, influir en el debate geopol&#237;tico o expresar su descontento, especialmente ante el acercamiento entre Espa&#241;a y Argelia&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171;Crisis de Ceuta: entre Espa&#241;a y Marruecos, treinta a&#241;os de acercamientos (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, tal y como ya ha hecho en el pasado (2021, 2023). Los pa&#237;ses socios de la pol&#237;tica de externalizaci&#243;n de la UE utilizan as&#237; las mismas armas que la UE, es decir, el regateo, para volverse e vez en cuando en su contra. As&#237; ocurri&#243; con Turqu&#237;a y Grecia en marzo de 2020, con Marruecos y Espa&#241;a en mayo de 2021, y con Bielorrusia y Polonia a partir de agosto de 2021. Las personas migrantes se convierten as&#237; en moneda de cambio: el regateo se lleva a cabo a costa de ellas &#8212;o incluso a costa de sus vidas&#8212;, lo que, en cualquier caso, supone una violaci&#243;n de sus derechos. Y es que, al delegar la gesti&#243;n de la migraci&#243;n en terceros pa&#237;ses, a menudo autoritarios, la UE se desentiende de las consecuencias de esta subcontrataci&#243;n y convierte a las personas que desean llegar a su territorio en peones en manos de gobiernos que disponen de una palanca de presi&#243;n pol&#237;tica frente a una Europa carcomida por un racismo creciente, dispuesta a todo para mantener a lxs exiliadxs lejos de sus fronteras.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Violaciones masivas de los derechos en nombre de la protecci&#243;n de las fronteras europeas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Al igual que en casos anteriores relacionados con las llamadas &#171;llegadas masivas&#187; a la Uni&#243;n, Espa&#241;a procedi&#243; con gran rapidez (48 horas) a la devoluci&#243;n de las personas llegadas a Ceuta. Y lo hizo violando sus derechos fundamentales. De hecho, las personas interceptadas en Ceuta deber&#237;an haber sido sometidas, en principio, a un proceso de triaje &#8212;previsto por el reglamento hom&#243;nimo del Pacto Europeo sobre Asilo y Migraci&#243;n, que entr&#243; en applicaci&#243;n en junio de 2026&#8212;, antes de ser derivadas a un procedimiento de asilo o de retorno. Situaci&#243;n que pone de manifiesto que este instrumento ha nacido-muerto un mes y medio despu&#233;s de su entrada en aplicaci&#243;n... Adem&#225;s, las personas llegadas por mar deber&#237;an haber sido objeto &#8212;antes de su &#171;entrega&#187; (devoluci&#243;n) a Marruecos&#8212; de un examen individual de su situaci&#243;n, de conformidad con la jurisprudencia reciente del Tribunal Supremo espa&#241;ol. Sin embargo, Pedro S&#225;nchez ha indicado claramente que esta no se aplicar&#237;a al caso concreto. &#191;Es necesario recordar, sin embargo, que nadie puede ser objeto de una devoluci&#243;n forzosa sin que se haya examinado su situaci&#243;n individual o sin haber podido presentar, en su caso, una solicitud de protecci&#243;n internacional en virtud del principio internacional de no devoluci&#243;n? &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
En una escalada de medidas de seguridad, el Ministerio del Interior espa&#241;ol anunci&#243; adem&#225;s el 1 de agosto la instalaci&#243;n de una barrera neum&#225;tica de 500 metros de longitud en el mar para impedir que las personas migrantes crucen a nado entre Marruecos y Ceuta. Con la intenci&#243;n aparente de &#171; ajustarse &#187; a la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo espa&#241;ol, que menciona la necesidad de un &#171;elemento f&#237;sico de contenci&#243;n&#187; en el mar para poder proceder a &#171;rechazos en frontera&#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los sucesos de Ceuta, por lo tanto, solo habr&#225;n servido para justificar la doctrina ultrasecuritaria de la UE en materia migratoria y para reafirmar que es la &#250;nica pol&#237;tica posible.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Tras cinco d&#237;as de crisis diplom&#225;tica, y despu&#233;s de haber sido vilipendiado por sus vecinos europeos, el presidente del Gobierno espa&#241;ol acab&#243; recibiendo su apoyo por su r&#225;pida gesti&#243;n de la crisis pol&#237;tica y diplom&#225;tica&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Ceuta : la crise politique et diplomatique pass&#233;e, l'Espagne obtient le (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, que pronto caer&#225; en el olvido. Al igual que las personas fallecidas por haber querido ejercer su derecho a la movilidad y desafiar las pol&#237;ticas migratorias europeas represivas, racistas y mort&#237;feras.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La necropol&#237;tica asumida de la UE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Los acontecimientos de Ceuta nos demuestran, por si a&#250;n hiciera falta, que las pol&#237;ticas migratorias represivas matan. Y que la externalizaci&#243;n de las fronteras, sea cual sea su coste humano y financiero, es un pilar de dichas pol&#237;ticas migratorias. Prueba de ello son los acuerdos de colaboraci&#243;n, a&#250;n vigentes, entre la UE y pa&#237;ses como Marruecos, Libia, T&#250;nez, Egipto o Mauritania, que violan notoriamente los derechos de sus ciudadanxs y de las personas exiliadas en su territorio.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
El refuerzo de los dispositivos de control y seguridad a lo largo de toda la ruta migratoria, as&#237; como la complicidad de los pa&#237;ses de origen o de tr&#225;nsito en este enfoque centrado exclusivamente en la seguridad, tienen graves consecuencias. Debido a la multiplicaci&#243;n y la tecnificaci&#243;n de los obst&#225;culos, la ruta hacia Europa se ha convertido en un aut&#233;ntico cementerio, y los muertos y heridos se cuentan por miles&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Las pol&#237;ticas fatales de la Fortaleza Europa, UNIDOS contra las muertes de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Aunque a&#250;n no hay un balance definitivo sobre el episodio de Ceuta, la Asociaci&#243;n Marroqu&#237; de Derechos Humanos informa de al menos 140 fallecidxs. Hasta la fecha, la UE y los Estados socios que asumen el papel de gendarmes de Europa nunca han asumido su parte de responsabilidad en estas tragedias, consideradas &#171; da&#241;os colaterales &#187; de una estrategia de disuasi&#243;n en la que la violencia, como medio vinculado al objetivo de no acogida y de alejamiento, se ha erigido en norma&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171;&#8220;Controlar&#8221; la migraci&#243;n: entre dejar morir y dar permiso para matar&#187;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. &#191;Qu&#233; hay de la identificaci&#243;n de estas personas? &#191;Qu&#233; hay de las investigaciones que deber&#225;n llevarse a cabo para establecer la verdad, la justicia y la reparaci&#243;n para las familias de estas v&#237;ctimas de las pol&#237;ticas migratorias europeas? &#191;Hasta cu&#225;ndo las autoridades europeas eludir&#225;n as&#237; su parte de responsabilidad, cuando son ellas las que han cortado todo acceso legal a Europa a las personas migrantes y, por consiguiente, han incumplido su deber de socorro y solidaridad&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171;Los Estados del Magreb y de la Uni&#243;n Europea, culpables de violaciones (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La militarizaci&#243;n de las fronteras no impide los movimientos migratorios&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Ceuta nos muestra tambi&#233;n que, si bien los obst&#225;culos en la ruta migratoria obligan a las personas exiliadas a recurrir a v&#237;as alternativas m&#225;s peligrosas, no las disuaden de cruzar las fronteras. Ninguna barrera podr&#225; saciar la sed de libertad de circulaci&#243;n de las poblaciones, especialmente las del Sur global, injustamente confinadas en un mundo desigual y ultraconectado. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
En Marruecos, la precaria situaci&#243;n (un 37 % de desempleo entre los j&#243;venes, pobreza rampante, falta de perspectivas), las repetidas denegaciones de visados y la brecha socioecon&#243;mica que separa a este pa&#237;s de una Espa&#241;a situada a 14 km indignan a la generaci&#243;n joven, que proclama que la libertad de circulaci&#243;n ya no puede quedar reservada &#250;nicamente a lxs privilegiadxs. Para acabar con la violaci&#243;n de la igualdad de oportunidades, en nombre del principio de igualdad entre todas las personas y del principio de emancipaci&#243;n, las personas exiliadas reclaman el derecho a la movilidad que se les niega, recordando que toda persona tiene derecho a salir de cualquier pa&#237;s, incluido el propio, y que este derecho est&#225; reconocido internacionalmente&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;El derecho a salir de cualquier pa&#237;s, incluido el propio, es un derecho (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Y violado internacionalmente.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lejos de constituir un fracaso pol&#237;tico, las muertes en las fronteras, las devoluciones sumarias y las repetidas violaciones de los derechos fundamentales que se observan en las fronteras de Europa se han convertido en caracter&#237;sticas estructurales de un sistema en el que la migraci&#243;n se percibe, ante todo, como una amenaza para la seguridad m&#225;s que como una realidad humana. El coste humano no es fortuito; es intr&#237;nseco a un modelo que prima la exclusi&#243;n sobre la protecci&#243;n, y la disuasi&#243;n sobre la solidaridad.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Mientras la movilidad siga siendo en gran medida inaccesible, las personas seguir&#225;n arriesgando sus vidas en busca de seguridad, dignidad y oportunidades. Ning&#250;n grado de militarizaci&#243;n de las fronteras puede eliminar la migraci&#243;n; solo puede hacerla m&#225;s peligrosa. Por lo tanto, se necesita un enfoque fundamentalmente diferente: un enfoque que sit&#250;e los derechos humanos, la igualdad, la responsabilidad internacional y la libertad de circulaci&#243;n en el centro de las politicas migratorias.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notas 1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2026-08-09/suben-fallecidos-entrada-masiva-ceuta_4403443/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Se elevan a 83 los fallecidos en la entrada masiva en Ceuta tras el hallazgo de otro cad&#225;ver&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, El Confidencial, 9 de agosto de 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notas 2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1500116775488586&amp;set=a.607841034716169&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Sebta : l'AMDH fait &#233;tat de plus de 140 morts et 111 arrestations&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Media 24, 7 de agosto de 2026 ; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://elpais.com/espana/2026-08-07/las-ong-de-marruecos-elevan-a-141-la-cifra-de-muertos-a-ambos-lados-de-la-frontera-de-ceuta.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Las ONG de Marruecos elevan a 141 la cifra de muertos a ambos lados de la frontera de Ceuta&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, El Pais, 7 de agosto de 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notas 3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;La sentencia del Tribunal Supremo espa&#241;ol de 8 de julio de 2026 considera que las autoridades espa&#241;olas no pueden proceder a devoluciones en caliente de las personas que llegan por mar a Ceuta o Melilla sin un examen individual previo de su situaci&#243;n&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notas 4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Real Decreto 316/2026, de 14 de abril, publicado en el Bolet&#237;n Oficial del Estado el 15 de abril de 2026 (BOE-A-2026-8284)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notas 5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2023/01/11/immigration-le-mythe-de-l-appel-d-air_6157358_3232.html?srsltid=AfmBOopva8DcXpJAF00y5qF0RhjyW40hGiNcp20j5FsE3P_rjgXOQI8N&amp;srsltid=AfmBOoo8I0jrhBZxl8KVENO2oRApL1tBqzGssLCZ6FspdnU21bSwS_xF&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Inmigraci&#243;n: el mito del &#8220;efecto llamada&#8221;&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, Le Monde, 11 de enero de 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notas 6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/68411/explainer-italys-20262028-flow-decree-decreto-flussi&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Explicaci&#243;n: el &#171;Decreto de Flujos&#187; (Decreto Flussi) de Italia para 2026-2028&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, Infomigrants, 28 de noviembre de 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notas 7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/71829/over-1300-dead-on-atlantic-route-to-canary-islands-to-date-in-2026&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Over 1,300 dead on Atlantic route to Canary Islands to date in 2026&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Infomigrants, 26 de junio de 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notas 8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.touteleurope.eu/fonctionnement-de-l-ue/schengen-la-carte-des-restrictions-aux-frontieres-nationales/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Espacio Schengen: &#191;qu&#233; pa&#237;ses europeos han restablecido los controles fronterizos?&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, Toute l'Europe, 13 de septiembre de 2024; &#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71713/la-commission-europeenne-demande-aux-etats-membres-de-cesser-les-controles-aux-frontieres-interieures-de-lue&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La Comisi&#243;n Europea pide a los Estados miembros que pongan fin a los controles en las fronteras interiores de la UE&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, Infomigrants, 3 de junio de 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notas 9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.le360.ma/politique/sebta-les-dessous-de-larret-de-justice-espagnole-qui-a-provoque-la-crise-migratoire_FHD2225ZLRDH3LFPD54GGNRZTE/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Sebta: les dessous de l'arr&#234;t de justice espagnole qui a provoqu&#233; la crise migratoire&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 360 magazine, 4 de agosto de 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notas 10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/08/02/crise-de-ceuta-entre-l-espagne-et-le-maroc-trente-ans-de-rapprochements-strategiques-et-beaucoup-d-arriere-pensees_6737297_3210.html?srsltid=AfmBOopDtHBj31YTP6EZr0VcnTixDshfz3brKjkkFmkvJzjIA7OQsGSN&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Crisis de Ceuta: entre Espa&#241;a y Marruecos, treinta a&#241;os de acercamientos estrat&#233;gicos y muchas segundas intenciones&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, Le Monde, 2 de agosto de 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notas 11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/040826/ceuta-la-crise-politique-et-diplomatique-passee-l-espagne-obtient-le-soutien-des-europeens&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Ceuta : la crise politique et diplomatique pass&#233;e, l'Espagne obtient le soutien des Europ&#233;ens&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Mediapart, 4 de agosto de 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notas 12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://unitedagainstrefugeedeaths.eu/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Las pol&#237;ticas fatales de la Fortaleza Europa&lt;/a&gt;, UNIDOS contra las muertes de refugiados&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notas 13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3211.html&#034;&gt;&#8220;Controlar&#8221; la migraci&#243;n: entre dejar morir y dar permiso para matar&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, Migreurop, 27 de octubre de 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notas 14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3565.html&#034;&gt;Los Estados del Magreb y de la Uni&#243;n Europea, culpables de violaciones sistem&#225;ticas del derecho internacional y de cr&#237;menes contra la humanidad &#8212; Sentencia de la 56.&#170; edici&#243;n del Tribunal Permanente de los Pueblos&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, Migreurop, 7 de abril de 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notas 15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;El derecho a salir de cualquier pa&#237;s, incluido el propio, es un derecho humano fundamental garantizado por el &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.un.org/es/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;art&#237;culo 13 de la Declaraci&#243;n Universal de Derechos Humanos de 1948&lt;/a&gt; y por el &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/es/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;art&#237;culo 12 del Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Pol&#237;ticos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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		<title>Ceuta: the culmination of racist and securitised migration policies</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3613.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3613.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-08-11T21:09:18Z</dc:date>
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		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		



		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Contrary to the narrative that has largely been circulating in the media in recent weeks, the events that took place in Ceuta from 30 July onwards should not be understood as an exceptional &#034;migration crisis&#034;, but rather as the predictable outcome of a model for the &#8216;management' of migrations built upon deterrence, border externalisation, the progressive normalisation of violence and the exploitation of migration issues. The militarisation of borders, the cruelty inflicted upon people on the (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH84/photo_ceuta-73bfe.jpg?1786482695' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='84' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Contrary to the narrative that has largely been circulating in the media in recent weeks, the events that took place in Ceuta from 30 July onwards should not be understood as an exceptional &#034;migration crisis&#034;, but rather as the predictable outcome of a model for the &#8216;management' of migrations built upon deterrence, border externalisation, the progressive normalisation of violence and the exploitation of migration issues. The militarisation of borders, the cruelty inflicted upon people on the move, the systematic violations of international law, and the organised impunity enjoyed by public authorities all illustrate, day after day, the profound failure of contemporary migration policies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Between 30 and 31 July, between 40,000 people (according to Morocco) and 70,000 (according to Spain) are reported to have crossed the border from Morocco into Ceuta&#8212;primarily by sea&#8212;thereby reclaiming their freedom of movement. Ceuta, a European colonial remnant under Spanish control, is located on Moroccan territory. Between 83 people (official figures)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Se elevan a 83 los fallecidos en la entrada masiva en Ceuta tras el (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; and 140&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Sebta : l'AMDH fait &#233;tat de plus de 140 morts et 111 arrestations &#187;, Media (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; (according to civil society organisations) reportedly lost their lives in the process. Nearly all those who reached the enclave were returned to Morocco within 48 hours, in violation of international law (the principle of non-refoulement), European law (the European Pact on Asylum and Migration), and Spanish law (the ruling of the Spanish Supreme Court of 8 July 2026).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The fabrication of the &#8220;migration crisis&#8221;: a recurring strategy in European politics&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Faced with what has once again been portrayed as a &#034;migration crisis&#034;, it is important to put these figures into perspective. The number of arrivals in the enclave appears significant when viewed in relation to Ceuta's tiny territory of just 20 km&#178; and its population of approximately 85,000 inhabitants. Yet these figures are in fact negligible when compared with the more than 450 million people living across the 27 Member States of the European Union. What we are witnessing is essentially a magnification effect, further amplified by the fact that Ceuta, one of the only two land borders between Morocco and Spain (the other being Melilla), is located on the African continent, and does not form part of the Schengen Area.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Whenever Europe has experienced large-scale arrivals on island or landlocked territories, the rhetoric of the &#8216;migration crisis' has been invariably employed. This phrase serves to shift the blame onto migrants and divert attention from the political issues and the system imposed by the former colonial powers. This tactic has been used regularly, in Lampedusa (Italy) in 2011 during the Arab Spring and in 2023 when between 6,000 and 13,000 people arrived on the island in the space of a few days, in Ceuta in 2021, when around 10,000 people entered the enclave in two days following a relaxation of Moroccan border controls; and in Melilla in 2005 and 2022 during attempts to scale the border fence.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
On each of these occasions, people seeking protection or opportunities - and forced to take alternative routes due to border closures and visa requirements - were met with violent repression by law enforcement authorities before being summarily returned in violation of their fundamental rights. Moreover, many of them have lost their lives in the Mediterranean, leaving entire families in mourning.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
The same brutal crackdown was carried out in Ceuta after 30 July. In response to this migratory movement, Spain's stance has been to condemn &#034;a violation of [its] territorial integrity by criminal networks&#034;, accusing &#034;mafias&#034; of manipulating events by spreading misleading information on social media&#8212;notably through an &#034;overly broad interpretation&#034; of the &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.poderjudicial.es/portal/site/cgpj/menuitem.65d2c4456b6ddb628e635fc1dc432ea0/?vgnextoid=a55381836b14f910VgnVCM1000004648ac0aRCRD&amp;vgnextchannel=ccc9c38cb605c210VgnVCM100000cb34e20aRCRD&amp;vgnextfmt=default&amp;vgnextlocale=ca&amp;lang_choosen=ca&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Spanish Supreme Court's ruling of 8 July 2026&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;The Spanish Supreme Court's judgment of 8 July 2026 held that the Spanish (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; or false claims that the Moroccan&#8211;Spanish border had been opened. Spain immediately deployed the army to reinforce the Guardia Civil, while the European Union offered the support of the Frontex agency to help &#034;regain control&#034; of Europe's supposedly &#034;threatened&#034; external borders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;All-out political capitalisation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
The political exploitation of the events was immediate across Europe. Images of people on the move arriving in Ceuta, broadcast continuously by the media, were rapidly seized upon by conservative and far-right political actors across EU&#8212;and even beyond Schengen area&#8212;to construct a narrative of &#034;invasion&#034;. Framed as a public security issue, these arrivals fuelled increasingly uninhibited hate speech and outraged outcries, triggering a diplomatic crisis that quickly overshadowed the unfolding humanitarian emergency.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
The Spanish government's alleged &#034;laxity&#034; was singled out in particular because of the special regularisation process introduced within its territory between April and June 2026.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Real Decreto 316/2026, de 14 de abril, publicado en el Bolet&#237;n Oficial del (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; Yet that programme was subject to strict eligibility requirements&#8212;in particular, that of having arrived in Spain before 1 January 2026&#8212; and has been closed since 30 June 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nevertheless, Spain was accused of sending &#034;the wrong message&#034; to third-country nationals and of creating a so-called &#034;pull factor&#034;&#8212;a widely discredited myth that continues to be promoted by the far right.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#034;Immigration: The Myth of the 'Pull Factor'&#034; Le Monde, 11 January 2023&#034; id=&#034;nh2-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; Curiously, the same criticism was not levelled at Italy a year earlier when, faced with labour shortages, it adopted its own decree providing for the regularisation of 500,000 foreign nationals between 2025 and 2028.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#034;Explainer: Italy's 2026&#8211;2028 'Flow Decree' (Decreto Flussi)&#034; InfoMigrants, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; The reaction to the events in Ceuta clearly reflects an effort to isolate and discredit Spain's migration policy&#8212; one of the few European countries whose practices and statements at national level run counter to the exclusively security-focused rhetoric and policies on migration &#8212;and to counter, as quickly as possible, the potential spread of a positive and inclusive narrative on migration in the face of anti-immigration rhetoric that is gaining ground at European level. Yet this should not obscure Spain's parallel policy of migration externalisation in West Africa over recent years, which is far from seeking to attract migrants: the construction of offshore detention centres, the deployment of the Spanish National Police and Guardia Civil abroad, and the allocation of millions of euros to West African security forces for migration control. These externalisation policies have notably contributed to making the Atlantic route to the Canary Islands one of the deadliest migration routes in recent years (with 1,300 deaths by mid-2026&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Over 1,300 dead on Atlantic route to Canary Islands to date in 2026 &#187;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Across EU, neighbouring Member States were quick to call for stronger controls at the Union's external borders. Some governments&#8212;notably Italy and Denmark&#8212;even called for Spain to be suspended from the Schengen Area, arguing that it was failing to embrace a fully securitised approach to migration management and was not adequately controlling its borders. Such a suspension is, first, not provided for under the current EU legal framework. Second, it is well established that &lt;a href=&#034;https://2fm74.r.bh.d.sendibt3.com/mk/cl/f/sh/1t6Af4Oj9PgrH6hTmIKVO3efNuBm3l/jCWic199y-Hk&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;the enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla are subject to a special derogatory regime within the Schengen framework that does not allow free movement to mainland Spain&lt;/a&gt;, owing to the dual system of entry and exit controls that effectively turns the enclaves into closed buffer zones. Meanwhile, Spain's European neighbours also announced that they would reinforce controls at the Union's internal borders&#8212;even though eight Member States, including France and Italy, have in practice maintained full or partial internal border controls since 2015.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#034;Schengen Area: Which European Countries Have Reintroduced Internal Border (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Morocco, which had celebrated the twenty-seventh anniversary of King Mohammed VI's accession to the throne on 30 July, remained silent for four days before ultimately shifting responsibility onto Spain, accusing it of having failed to anticipate the consequences of the Spanish Supreme Court's ruling of 8 July 2026.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Sebta: les dessous de l'arr&#234;t de justice espagnole qui a provoqu&#233; la crise (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Instrumentalisation of people on the move for geopolitical ends: the boomerang effect of externalisation&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Despite these tensions, Spain was quick to reaffirm that Morocco remains above all a strategic ally, reflecting its central role as one of the European Union's most committed partners in implementing its securitised migration agenda. Spain's efforts to prevent migration at its southern border depend heavily on Morocco's cooperation&#8212;a dependency that Rabat has repeatedly demonstrated it knows how to exploit.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Morocco has never hesitated to use people on the move as bargaining chips to advance its political and economic interests, influence regional geopolitical dynamics, or express dissatisfaction with Spain's foreign policy&#8212;particularly following Madrid's rapprochement with Algeria&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Crise de Ceuta : entre l'Espagne et le Maroc, trente ans de rapprochements (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#8212;just as it did during previous diplomatic disputes in 2021 and 2023.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
In this respect, the partner countries to which the European Union has externalised migration control have adopted the very same strategy employed by the EU itself -, political bargaining - to occasionally turn against it. Turkey did so vis-&#224;-vis Greece in March 2020; Morocco vis-&#224;-vis Spain in May 2021; and Belarus vis-&#224;-vis Poland from August 2021 onwards. People on the move are thus transformed into instruments of geopolitical negotiation, traded at the expense of their rights, or even their lives.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By delegating migration management to third countries&#8212;many of them authoritarian regimes&#8212;the European Union distances itself from the human consequences of its externalisation strategy. In doing so, it reduces people seeking to reach Europe to political pawns in the hands of governments that possess a powerful means of leverage over a Europe increasingly shaped by racism and prepared to go to almost any length to keep people on the move away from its borders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Massive rights violations in the name of protecting Europe's borders&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
As in previous episodes involving so-called &#034;mass arrivals&#034; within the European Union, Spain proceeded to return those who had reached Ceuta within just 48 hours. In doing so, it violated their fundamental rights.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Under the Screening Regulation of the European Pact on Asylum and Migration, which entered into force in June 2026, people intercepted in Ceuta should first have undergone the mandatory screening procedure before being channelled either into an asylum procedure or a return procedure. This situation clearly demonstrates that this instrument was a failure just a month and a half after it came into force... Furthermore, those who arrived by sea should&#8212;prior to any &#034;handover&#034; (pushback) to Morocco&#8212;have benefited from an individual assessment of their circumstances, in accordance with the recent case law of the Spanish Supreme Court. Yet Prime Minister Pedro S&#225;nchez explicitly stated that the Court's ruling would not apply in the present case. It is nevertheless worth recalling that no one may be subjected to forced return without an individual examination of their situation or, where applicable, without having had the opportunity to apply for international protection, as required under the international principle of non-refoulement.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In a further escalation of the securitised response, on 1 August the Spanish Ministry of the Interior announced the installation of a 500-metre floating maritime barrier intended to prevent migrants from swimming between Morocco and Ceuta. The measure appears designed to comply formally with the Spanish Supreme Court's reference to the need for a &#034;physical containment element&#034; at sea to justify what the authorities describe as &#034;refusals at the border&#034;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The events in Ceuta will therefore have served only to reinforce the European Union's ultra-securitised migration doctrine and to reaffirm the claim that it constitutes the only possible policy response. After five days of diplomatic tensions, during which the Spanish government was harshly criticised by several European partners, the Prime Minister obtained their support&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Ceuta : la crise politique et diplomatique pass&#233;e, l'Espagne obtient le (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; for his swift handling of the political and diplomatic crisis. That episode will soon fade from public memory. So too will the people who lost their lives simply for attempting to exercise their right to mobility and for challenging European migration policies that are repressive, racist and deadly.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The European Union's embrace of Necropolitics&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
The events in Ceuta demonstrate, once again if any further evidence were needed, that repressive migration policies kill. They also confirm that the externalisation of border controls&#8212;regardless of its human or financial cost&#8212;has become one of the central pillars of European migration policies.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
The continued partnerships between the European Union and countries such as Morocco, Libya, Tunisia, Egypt and Mauritania, all of which are widely documented as committing serious human rights violations against both their own citizens and foreigners on their territory, provide ample evidence of this reality.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The continuous reinforcement of surveillance and security mechanisms throughout migration routes, combined with the active cooperation of countries of origin and transit in this securitised agenda, has devastating human consequences. As physical and technological barriers have multiplied, the journey to Europe has increasingly become a vast cemetery, claiming thousands of lives and leaving countless others injured.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;The Fatal Policies of Fortress Europe, UNITED against refugee deaths&#034; id=&#034;nh2-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Although no official assessment has yet been produced regarding the events in Ceuta, the Moroccan Association for Human Rights reports that at least 140 people lost their lives. To date, neither the European Union nor the partner States acting as Europe's border guards have accepted responsibility for these tragedies. Instead, they continue to be treated as &#034;collateral damage&#034; resulting from a deterrence strategy in which violence&#8212;deployed as a means of preventing arrival and keeping people at a distance&#8212;has effectively become institutionalised as a governing norm.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#034;'Controlling' Migration: Between Letting People Die and a Licence to Kill&#034; (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Who will identify those who died? Who will conduct the investigations necessary to establish the truth, ensure justice, and provide reparations for the families of those who have become victims of European migration policies? How much longer will European authorities evade their share of responsibility when they themselves have systematically closed off legal pathways to Europe for people on the move, thereby failing in their duties of rescue, protection and solidarity?&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#034;The States of the Maghreb and the European Union found guilty of systematic (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The militarisation of borders does not prevent migration&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Ceuta also demonstrates that while obstacles placed along migration routes force people on the move to resort to increasingly dangerous alternatives, they do not deter them from crossing borders. No wall, fence or military deployment will ever extinguish people's aspiration to freedom of movement, particularly among populations in the Global South who are unjustly confined within national borders in an unequal and hyper-connected world.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
In Morocco, widespread precarity&#8212;characterised by youth unemployment (37% among young people), growing poverty, and a lack of economic and social prospects&#8212;combined with the repeated refusal of visas and the stark socio-economic divide separating Morocco from Spain, just 14 kilometres away, has fuelled growing frustration among younger generations. Increasingly, they are asserting that freedom of movement can no longer remain the exclusive privilege of the fortunate few.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
In the pursuit of equal opportunities, in the name of equality and human emancipation, people on the move are reclaiming a right to mobility that has been systematically denied to them. In doing so, they remind us that every person has the right to leave any country, including their own&#8212;a fundamental human right recognised under international law.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;The right to leave any country, including one's own, is a fundamental human (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; Yet it is a right that is routinely violated.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Far from constituting a political failure, the deaths at borders, summary deportations and repeated violations of fundamental rights observed at Europe's borders have become structural features of a system in which migration is perceived first and foremost as a threat to security rather than as a human reality. The human cost is not incidental; it is intrinsic to a model that prioritises exclusion over protection, and deterrence over solidarity.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
As long as mobility remains largely inaccessible, people will continue to risk their lives in search of safety, dignity and opportunities. No level of border militarisation can eliminate migration; it can only make it more dangerous. A fundamentally different approach is therefore needed &#8212; one that places human rights, equality, international responsibility and freedom of movement at the heart of migration policies&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2026-08-09/suben-fallecidos-entrada-masiva-ceuta_4403443/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Se elevan a 83 los fallecidos en la entrada masiva en Ceuta tras el hallazgo de otro cad&#225;ver&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, El Confidencial, 9 August 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1500116775488586&amp;set=a.607841034716169&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Sebta : l'AMDH fait &#233;tat de plus de 140 morts et 111 arrestations&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Media 24, 7 August 2026 ; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://elpais.com/espana/2026-08-07/las-ong-de-marruecos-elevan-a-141-la-cifra-de-muertos-a-ambos-lados-de-la-frontera-de-ceuta.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Las ONG de Marruecos elevan a 141 la cifra de muertos a ambos lados de la frontera de Ceuta&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, El Pais, 7 August 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;The Spanish Supreme Court's judgment of 8 July 2026 held that the Spanish authorities may not carry out summary pushbacks (devoluciones en caliente) of persons arriving by sea in Ceuta or Melilla without first conducting an individual assessment of their circumstances&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Real Decreto 316/2026, de 14 de abril, publicado en el Bolet&#237;n Oficial del Estado el 15 de abril de 2026 (BOE-A-2026-8284)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2023/01/11/immigration-le-mythe-de-l-appel-d-air_6157358_3232.html?srsltid=AfmBOopva8DcXpJAF00y5qF0RhjyW40hGiNcp20j5FsE3P_rjgXOQI8N&amp;srsltid=AfmBOoo8I0jrhBZxl8KVENO2oRApL1tBqzGssLCZ6FspdnU21bSwS_xF&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Immigration: The Myth of the 'Pull Factor'&lt;/a&gt;&#034; Le Monde, 11 January 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/68411/explainer-italys-20262028-flow-decree-decreto-flussi&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Explainer: Italy's 2026&#8211;2028 'Flow Decree' (Decreto Flussi)&lt;/a&gt;&#034; InfoMigrants, 28 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/71829/over-1300-dead-on-atlantic-route-to-canary-islands-to-date-in-2026&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Over 1,300 dead on Atlantic route to Canary Islands to date in 2026&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Infomigrants, 26 June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.touteleurope.eu/fonctionnement-de-l-ue/schengen-la-carte-des-restrictions-aux-frontieres-nationales/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Schengen Area: Which European Countries Have Reintroduced Internal Border Controls?&lt;/a&gt;&#034;, Toute l'Europe, 13 September 2024; and &#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71713/la-commission-europeenne-demande-aux-etats-membres-de-cesser-les-controles-aux-frontieres-interieures-de-lue&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;The European Commission Calls on Member States to End Controls at the EU's Internal Borders&lt;/a&gt;&#034; InfoMigrants, 3 June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.le360.ma/politique/sebta-les-dessous-de-larret-de-justice-espagnole-qui-a-provoque-la-crise-migratoire_FHD2225ZLRDH3LFPD54GGNRZTE/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Sebta: les dessous de l'arr&#234;t de justice espagnole qui a provoqu&#233; la crise migratoire&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 360 magazine, 4 August 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/08/02/crise-de-ceuta-entre-l-espagne-et-le-maroc-trente-ans-de-rapprochements-strategiques-et-beaucoup-d-arriere-pensees_6737297_3210.html?srsltid=AfmBOopDtHBj31YTP6EZr0VcnTixDshfz3brKjkkFmkvJzjIA7OQsGSN&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Crise de Ceuta : entre l'Espagne et le Maroc, trente ans de rapprochements strat&#233;giques et beaucoup d'arri&#232;re-pens&#233;es &#187;&lt;/a&gt;, Le Monde, 2 ao&#251;t 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/040826/ceuta-la-crise-politique-et-diplomatique-passee-l-espagne-obtient-le-soutien-des-europeens&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Ceuta : la crise politique et diplomatique pass&#233;e, l'Espagne obtient le soutien des Europ&#233;ens&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Mediapart, 4 de agosto de 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://unitedagainstrefugeedeaths.eu/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;The Fatal Policies of Fortress Europe&lt;/a&gt;, UNITED against refugee deaths&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#034;'&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3212.html&#034;&gt;Controlling' Migration: Between Letting People Die and a Licence to Kill&lt;/a&gt;&#034; Migreurop, 27 October 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3566.html?lang_article=en&#034;&gt;The States of the Maghreb and the European Union found guilty of systematic violations of international law and crimes against humanity - Judgment of the 56th session of the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, Migreurop, 7 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;The right to leave any country, including one's own, is a fundamental human right guaranteed by &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights&lt;/a&gt; (1948) and &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Article 12 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights&lt;/a&gt; (ICCPR)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Ceuta ou la cons&#233;cration des politiques migratoires racistes et s&#233;curitaires</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3609.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3609.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-08-11T21:09:03Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		



		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Contrairement aux discours qui ont majoritairement circul&#233; dans les m&#233;dias ces derni&#232;res semaines, les &#233;v&#233;nements survenus &#224; Ceuta &#224; partir du 30 juillet 2026 ne doivent pas &#234;tre consid&#233;r&#233;s comme une &#171; crise migratoire &#187; exceptionnelle, mais plut&#244;t comme la cons&#233;quence pr&#233;visible d'un mod&#232;le de &#171; gestion &#187; des mouvements migratoires fond&#233; sur la dissuasion, l'externalisation des fronti&#232;res, la normalisation progressive de la violence, et l'instrumentalisation des questions migratoires. La (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique456.html" rel="directory"&gt;Communiqu&#233;s Migreurop&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH84/photo_ceuta-2-2f6dc.jpg?1786482695' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='84' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Contrairement aux discours qui ont majoritairement circul&#233; dans les m&#233;dias ces derni&#232;res semaines, les &#233;v&#233;nements survenus &#224; Ceuta &#224; partir du 30 juillet 2026 ne doivent pas &#234;tre consid&#233;r&#233;s comme une &#171; crise migratoire &#187; exceptionnelle, mais plut&#244;t comme la cons&#233;quence pr&#233;visible d'un mod&#232;le de &#171; gestion &#187; des mouvements migratoires fond&#233; sur la dissuasion, l'externalisation des fronti&#232;res, la normalisation progressive de la violence, et l'instrumentalisation des questions migratoires. La militarisation des fronti&#232;res, la cruaut&#233; envers les personnes en migration, la violation du droit international, et l'impunit&#233; institutionnelle organis&#233;e sont autant d'&#233;l&#233;ments qui d&#233;montrent chaque jour l'impasse des politiques et strat&#233;gies migratoires actuelles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Entre le 30 et le 31 juillet, entre 40 000 personnes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#034;Se elevan a 83 los fallecidos en la entrada masiva en Ceuta tras el (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; (selon le Maroc) et 70 000&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#034;Sebta : l'AMDH fait &#233;tat de plus de 140 morts et 111 arrestations&#034;, Media (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; (selon l'Espagne) auraient franchi depuis le Maroc, principalement par la mer, la fronti&#232;re de Ceuta &#8211; r&#233;sidu colonial europ&#233;en sous contr&#244;le espagnol situ&#233; sur le territoire marocain &#8211;, arrachant ainsi leur libert&#233; de circulation. Entre 83 personnes (chiffre officiel) et 141 (chiffre des associations) seraient d&#233;c&#233;d&#233;es ce faisant, et presque la majorit&#233; des personnes arriv&#233;es ont &#233;t&#233; renvoy&#233;es au Maroc en 48h, en violation du droit international (principe de non-refoulement), du droit europ&#233;en (Pacte europ&#233;en asile et migration), et de la l&#233;gislation espagnole (arr&#234;t de la Cour supr&#234;me espagnole du 8 juillet 2026).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La fabrique de la &#171; crise migratoire &#187;, strat&#233;gie r&#233;currente des politiques europ&#233;ennes&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Face &#224; ce qui a &#233;t&#233; pr&#233;sent&#233; comme une &#233;ni&#232;me &#171; crise migratoire &#187;, il convient de relativiser les chiffres. Les chiffres annonc&#233;s des arriv&#233;es dans l'enclave semblent cons&#233;quents au regard du confetti de 20 km2 (85 000 habitants) que constitue l'enclave de Ceuta. Mais ils sont en r&#233;alit&#233; d&#233;risoires au regard de la population des 27 &#201;tats membres de l'UE, qui compte plus de 450 millions d'habitant&#183;es. Il y a en l'esp&#232;ce un effet de zoom, amplifi&#233; dans ce cas pr&#233;cis par le fait que Ceuta, l'une des deux seules fronti&#232;res terrestres entre le Maroc et l'Espagne (l'autre &#233;tant Melilla), se trouve sur le continent africain et ne fasse pas partie de l'espace Schengen. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
A chaque fois que l'Europe a connu des &#233;pisodes d'arriv&#233;es importantes sur des territoires insulaires ou enclav&#233;s, a &#233;t&#233; utilis&#233;e la rh&#233;torique de la &#171; crise migratoire &#187;. Cette formule permet de rejeter la responsabilit&#233; sur les personnes migrantes et de d&#233;tourner l'attention des enjeux politiques et du syst&#232;me impos&#233; par les anciennes puissances coloniales. Ce proc&#233;d&#233; a &#233;t&#233; utilis&#233; r&#233;guli&#232;rement, &#224; Lampedusa (Italie) en 2011 pendant les r&#233;volutions arabes et en 2023 lorsqu'entre 6000 et 13 000 personnes sont arriv&#233;es en quelques jours sur l'&#238;le, &#224; Ceuta en 2021 lorsqu'environ 10 000 personnes sont entr&#233;es en deux jours dans l'enclave apr&#232;s un rel&#226;chement du contr&#244;le frontalier marocain, ou encore &#224; Melilla en 2005 ou 2022 lors de tentatives de franchissement de la barri&#232;re-fronti&#232;re.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Lors de tous ces pr&#233;c&#233;dents, les personnes en qu&#234;te de protection ou d'opportunit&#233;s &#8211; et contraintes d'emprunter des voies alternatives en raison de la fermeture des fronti&#232;res et des r&#233;gimes de visa impos&#233;s &#8211; ont &#233;t&#233; brutalement r&#233;prim&#233;es par les forces de l'ordre, avant d'&#234;tre sommairement renvoy&#233;es, en violation de leurs droits. Nombre d'entre elles ont de plus p&#233;ri en M&#233;diterran&#233;e, laissant des familles enti&#232;res en deuil.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La m&#234;me r&#233;pression brutale a &#233;t&#233; d&#233;ploy&#233;e &#224; Ceuta apr&#232;s le 30 juillet. Face &#224; ce mouvement migratoire, le discours de l'Espagne a consist&#233; &#224; d&#233;noncer une &#171; violation de [son] int&#233;grit&#233; territoriale par des r&#233;seaux criminels &#187;, pointant du doigt une instrumentalisation par des &#171; mafias &#187;, qui auraient partag&#233; des informations mensong&#232;res sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux &#8211; notamment une &#171; interpr&#233;tation extensive &#187; de l'&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.poderjudicial.es/portal/site/cgpj/menuitem.65d2c4456b6ddb628e635fc1dc432ea0/?vgnextoid=a55381836b14f910VgnVCM1000004648ac0aRCRD&amp;vgnextchannel=ccc9c38cb605c210VgnVCM100000cb34e20aRCRD&amp;vgnextfmt=default&amp;vgnextlocale=ca&amp;lang_choosen=ca&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;arr&#234;t de la Cour supr&#234;me espagnole du 8 juillet 2026&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;L'arr&#234;t de la Cour supr&#234;me espagnole du 8 juillet 2026 consid&#232;re que les (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ou une ouverture de la fronti&#232;re maroco-espagnole. En r&#233;ponse &#224; cette situation, l'Espagne a imm&#233;diatement d&#233;ploy&#233; l'arm&#233;e sur place pour venir en appui &#224; la Guardia Civil, tandis que l'UE offrait le soutien de l'agence Frontex pour &#171; reprendre le contr&#244;le &#187; des fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes dites &#171; menac&#233;es &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;R&#233;cup&#233;ration politique tous azimuts&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La r&#233;cup&#233;ration politique a &#233;t&#233; imm&#233;diate &#224; l'&#233;chelle de l'UE. Les images des arriv&#233;es d'exil&#233;&#183;es &#224; Ceuta diffus&#233;es en boucle ont imm&#233;diatement &#233;t&#233; exploit&#233;es et instrumentalis&#233;es par les droites europ&#233;ennes et les extr&#234;mes droites, y compris au-del&#224; de l'espace Schengen, pour construire un r&#233;cit de &#171; l'invasion &#187;. D&#233;crites comme un probl&#232;me de s&#233;curit&#233; publique, ces arriv&#233;es ont d&#233;clench&#233; discours d&#233;complex&#233;s de haine et protestations indign&#233;es, ainsi qu'une crise diplomatique qui a eu t&#244;t fait d'&#233;clipser la crise humanitaire. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Le pr&#233;tendu &#171; laxisme &#187; du gouvernement espagnol a ainsi &#233;t&#233; point&#233; du doigt, du fait du processus de r&#233;gularisation extraordinaire mis en place sur son territoire entre avril et juin 2026&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Real Decreto 316/2026, 14 avril 2026, publi&#233; au Journal Officiel du 15 avril (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Or, ce programme, qui r&#233;pondait &#224; des crit&#232;res stricts &#8211; notamment celui d'&#234;tre arriv&#233; en Espagne avant le 1er janvier 2026 &#8211; est clos depuis le 30 juin 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Qu'&#224; cela ne tienne, l'Espagne est accus&#233; d'avoir envoy&#233; &#171; un mauvais message &#187; aux ressortissant&#183;es des pays tiers, et d'avoir cr&#233;&#233; un &#171; appel d'air &#187; &#8211; mythe fantasm&#233; largement relay&#233; par l'extr&#234;me droite&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Immigration : le mythe de &#171; l'appel d'air &#187; &#187;, le Monde, 11 janvier 2023&#034; id=&#034;nh3-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Cet argument fallacieux ne fut cependant pas retenu contre l'Italie un an plus t&#244;t, lorsqu'en besoin de main d'&#339;uvre, ce pays a lui-m&#234;me &#233;mis un d&#233;cret pour r&#233;gulariser 500 000 personnes &#233;trang&#232;res sur son territoire entre 2025 et 2028&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Explainer : Italy's 2026-2028 'Flow Decree' (Decreto Flussi) &#187;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Dans l'&#233;pisode Ceuta, il y a sans nul doute la volont&#233; d'isoler et de d&#233;cr&#233;dibiliser la politique migratoire de l'Espagne &#8211; rare pays europ&#233;en qui dans certaines de ses pratiques et propos tenus &#224; l'&#233;chelle nationale va &#224; rebours des discours et politiques uniquement s&#233;curitaires en mati&#232;re migratoire. L'objectif est de contrer au plus vite la possibilit&#233; d'&#233;largissement d'un narratif positif et inclusif sur les migrations face au discours anti-immigration qui prend de l'ampleur au niveau europ&#233;en. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Nul ne peut cependant ignorer qu'en parall&#232;le l'Espagne a men&#233; ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es une politique d'externalisation en Afrique de l'Ouest, bien loin de chercher &#224; attirer les immigr&#233;&#183;es : construction de centres de d&#233;tention offshore, d&#233;ploiement de la police espagnole et de la Guardia civil, et soutien de plusieurs millions d'euros aux forces de s&#233;curit&#233; ouest-africaines pour le contr&#244;le des migrations. Ces politiques d'externalisation ont notamment eu pour cons&#233;quence de faire de la route atlantique vers les &#238;les Canaries l'une des plus meurtri&#232;res ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es (avec 1300 d&#233;c&#232;s &#224; la mi-2026&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Over 1,300 dead on Atlantic route to Canary Islands to date in 2026 &#187;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les &#201;tats membres voisins n'ont pas manqu&#233; d'appeler au renforcement des contr&#244;les aux fronti&#232;res externes de l'Union. Certains pays (Italie, Danemark) ont dans la foul&#233;e appel&#233; &#224; suspendre de l'espace Schengen une Espagne qui soi-disant ne jouerait pas le jeu du tout-s&#233;curitaire et qui ne contr&#244;lerait pas efficacement ses fronti&#232;res. D'une part, cette suspension n'est pas pr&#233;vue par les textes europ&#233;ens en vigueur, et d'autre part il est de notori&#233;t&#233; publique que l&lt;a href=&#034;https://2fm74.r.bh.d.sendibt3.com/mk/cl/f/sh/1t6Af4Oj9PgrH6hTmIKVO3efNuBm3l/jCWic199y-Hk&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;es enclaves de Ceuta et Melilla disposent d'un r&#233;gime d&#233;rogatoire dans l'espace Schengen qui ne permet pas la libre circulation vers la p&#233;ninsule espagnole&lt;/a&gt; du fait d'un double contr&#244;le &#224; l'entr&#233;e et &#224; la sortie de l'enclave, qui fonctionne comme un sas ferm&#233;. Les pays europ&#233;ens voisins de l'Espagne se sont &#233;galement empress&#233;s d'indiquer qu'ils allaient renforcer les contr&#244;les aux fronti&#232;res internes de l'Union... Alors m&#234;me que huit &#201;tats membres, dont la France et l'Italie, ont de fait r&#233;tabli totalement ou partiellement ces contr&#244;les depuis 2015&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Espace Schengen : quels pays europ&#233;ens ont r&#233;tabli des contr&#244;les aux (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Quant au Maroc, qui c&#233;l&#233;brait le 30 juillet les 27 ans de r&#232;gne de Mohamed VI, il s'est tu pendant quatre jours avant de finalement renvoyer la balle vers l'Espagne, l'accusant de ne pas avoir anticip&#233; les cons&#233;quences de l'arr&#234;t de la Cour supr&#234;me espagnole du 8 juillet 2026&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Sebta : les dessous de l'arr&#234;t de justice espagnole qui a provoqu&#233; la (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L'instrumentalisation des exil&#233;&#183;es au profit d'enjeux g&#233;opolitiques, effet boomerang de l'externalisation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Malgr&#233; cela, l'Espagne s'est empress&#233;e de rappeler que le Maroc est avant tout un alli&#233;, tant il est un collaborateur z&#233;l&#233; de la politique migratoire s&#233;curitaire europ&#233;enne. En effet, l'Espagne, pour entraver les mouvements migratoires &#224; sa fronti&#232;re, a besoin du Maroc qui sait le lui rappeler en diff&#233;rentes occasions. Ce dernier n'a jamais h&#233;sit&#233; &#224; utiliser les exil&#233;&#183;es comme monnaie d'&#233;change pour servir ses int&#233;r&#234;ts &#233;conomiques ou politiques, peser dans le d&#233;bat g&#233;opolitique, ou exprimer ses m&#233;contentements, notamment face au rapprochement entre l'Espagne et l'Alg&#233;rie&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Crise de Ceuta : entre l'Espagne et le Maroc, trente ans de rapprochements (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, comme il l'a d&#233;j&#224; fait par le pass&#233; (2021, 2023). Les pays partenaires de la politique d'externalisation de l'UE utilisent ainsi les m&#234;mes armes que l'UE, &#224; savoir le marchandage, pour se retourner occasionnellement contre elle. Cela a &#233;t&#233; le cas pour la Turquie avec la Gr&#232;ce en mars 2020, le Maroc avec l'Espagne en mai 2021, et la Bi&#233;lorussie avec la Pologne d&#232;s ao&#251;t 2021. Les exil&#233;&#183;es deviennent alors une monnaie d'&#233;change : le marchandage se fait sur leur dos &#8211; voire sur leurs vies &#8211; dans tous les cas en violation de leurs droits. Car en d&#233;l&#233;guant la gestion des migrations &#224; des pays tiers, souvent autoritaires, l'UE se d&#233;fausse des cons&#233;quences de cette sous-traitance, et transforme les personnes qui souhaitent rejoindre son territoire en pions entre les mains de gouvernements qui disposent d'un levier de pression politique face &#224; une Europe gangren&#233;e par un racisme croissant, pr&#234;te &#224; tout pour maintenir les exil&#233;&#183;es loin de ses fronti&#232;res.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Des violations massives des droits au nom de la protection des fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Comme lors de pr&#233;c&#233;dents impliquant des arriv&#233;es dites &#171; massives &#187; dans l'Union, l'Espagne a proc&#233;d&#233; tr&#232;s rapidement (48h) au renvoi des personnes arriv&#233;es &#224; Ceuta. Et ce en violation de leurs droits fondamentaux. En effet, les personnes intercept&#233;es &#224; Ceuta auraient en principe d&#251; faire l'objet du filtrage &#8211; pr&#233;vu par le r&#232;glement &#233;ponyme du Pacte europ&#233;en asile et migration entr&#233; en application en juin 2026 &#8211;, avant toute orientation vers une proc&#233;dure d'asile ou de retour. Situation qui souligne que cet instrument est mort-n&#233; un mois et demi apr&#232;s son entr&#233;e en application... De plus, les personnes arriv&#233;es par la mer auraient d&#251; &#8211; avant &#171; remise &#187; (refoulement) au Maroc &#8211; faire l'objet d'un examen individuel de leur situation en vertu de la r&#233;cente jurisprudence de la Cour Supr&#234;me espagnole. Or, Pedro Sanchez a clairement indiqu&#233; que celle-ci ne s'appliquerait pas au cas d'esp&#232;ce. Faut-il pourtant rappeler que nul ne peut faire l'objet d'un renvoi forc&#233; sans avoir vu sa situation individuelle examin&#233;e, ou avoir pu d&#233;poser le cas &#233;ch&#233;ant une demande de protection internationale en vertu du principe international de non-refoulement ?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans une surench&#232;re s&#233;curitaire, le minist&#232;re de l'Int&#233;rieur espagnol a par ailleurs annonc&#233; le 1er ao&#251;t la mise en place d'une barri&#232;re pneumatique de 500 m&#232;tres de long en cours d'installation dans la mer pour emp&#234;cher les migrant&#183;es de traverser &#224; la nage entre le Maroc et Ceuta. Dans la volont&#233; a priori de se &#171; conformer &#187; &#224; la jurisprudence de la Cour Supr&#234;me espagnole &#233;voquant la n&#233;cessit&#233; d'un &#171; &#233;l&#233;ment physique de contention &#187; en mer pour pouvoir proc&#233;der &#224; des &#171; refus d'admission &#224; la fronti&#232;re &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les &#233;v&#233;nements de Ceuta auront donc uniquement permis de justifier la doctrine ultra-s&#233;curitaire de l'UE en mati&#232;re migratoire, et de r&#233;affirmer qu'elle est la seule politique possible. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
A l'issue de cinq jours de crise diplomatique, apr&#232;s avoir &#233;t&#233; vilipend&#233; par ses voisins europ&#233;ens, le pr&#233;sident du gouvernement espagnol aura finalement re&#231;u leur soutien pour sa gestion rapide de la crise politique et diplomatique&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Ceuta : la crise politique et diplomatique pass&#233;e, l'Espagne obtient le (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, qui sera vite oubli&#233;e. Tout comme les personnes d&#233;c&#233;d&#233;es pour avoir voulu exercer leur droit &#224; la mobilit&#233; et braver les politiques migratoires europ&#233;ennes r&#233;pressives, racistes et mortif&#232;res.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La n&#233;cropolitique assum&#233;e de l'UE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les &#233;v&#232;nements de Ceuta nous montrent, s'il le fallait encore, que les politiques migratoires r&#233;pressives tuent. Et que l'externalisation des fronti&#232;res, quel qu'en soit le co&#251;t humain et financier, est un pilier de ces politiques migratoires. La preuve en est les partenariats toujours en vigueur entre l'UE et des pays comme le Maroc, la Libye, la Tunisie, l'&#201;gypte ou la Mauritanie, qui bafouent notoirement les droits de leurs citoyen&#183;nes et des personnes exil&#233;es sur leur territoire.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Le renforcement des dispositifs de contr&#244;le et de s&#233;curit&#233; tout au long du parcours migratoire comme la complicit&#233; des pays d'origine ou de transit dans ce tout s&#233;curitaire ont de lourdes cons&#233;quences. Du fait de la multiplication et de la technologisation des obstacles, la route pour l'Europe est devenue un v&#233;ritable cimeti&#232;re, et les morts et les bless&#233;s se comptent par milliers&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;The Fatal Policies of Fortress Europe, UNITED against refugee deaths&#034; id=&#034;nh3-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
S'il n'existe pas encore de bilan en ce qui concerne l'&#233;pisode Ceuta, l'association marocaine des droits humains fait &#233;tat d'au moins 140 d&#233;c&#232;s. A ce jour, l'UE et les &#201;tats partenaires qui endossent le r&#244;le de gendarmes de l'Europe n'ont jamais assum&#233; leur part de responsabilit&#233; dans ces trag&#233;dies, consid&#233;r&#233;es comme des &#171; dommages collat&#233;raux &#187; d'une strat&#233;gie de dissuasion dans laquelle la violence, en tant que moyen corr&#233;l&#233; &#224; l'objectif de non-accueil et de mise &#224; distance, est &#233;rig&#233;e en norme&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; 'Contr&#244;ler' les migrations : entre laisser-mourir et permis de tuer &#187;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Quid de l'identification de ces personnes ? Quid des enqu&#234;tes qui devront &#234;tre men&#233;es pour &#233;tablir v&#233;rit&#233;, justice et r&#233;paration pour les familles de ces victimes des politiques migratoires europ&#233;ennes ? Jusqu'&#224; quand les autorit&#233;s europ&#233;ennes &#233;luderont ainsi leur part de responsabilit&#233; alors que ce sont elles qui ont coup&#233; tout acc&#232;s l&#233;gal &#224; l'Europe aux personnes en migration, et qui ont par cons&#233;quent failli &#224; leur devoir de secours et de solidarit&#233; ?&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Les &#201;tats du Maghreb et de l'Union europ&#233;enne coupables de violations (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La militarisation des fronti&#232;res n'emp&#234;che pas les mouvements migratoires&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ceuta nous montre &#233;galement que si les entraves sur le parcours migratoire contraignent les exil&#233;&#183;es &#224; utiliser des voies alternatives plus dangereuses, elles ne les dissuadent pas de franchir les fronti&#232;res. Aucune barri&#232;re ne pourra &#233;tancher la soif d'&#233;mancipation et de libert&#233; de circulation des populations, notamment du Sud global, injustement assign&#233;es &#224; r&#233;sidence dans un monde in&#233;galitaire et ultra-connect&#233;. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Au Maroc, la situation pr&#233;caire (37 % de ch&#244;mage chez les jeunes, pauvret&#233; rampante, manque de perspectives), les refus de visas &#224; r&#233;p&#233;tition, et le foss&#233; socio-&#233;conomique qui s&#233;pare ce pays d'une Espagne situ&#233;e &#224; 14km r&#233;voltent la jeune g&#233;n&#233;ration, qui clame que la libert&#233; de circulation ne peut plus &#234;tre r&#233;serv&#233;e aux seul&#183;es privil&#233;gi&#233;&#183;es. Pour en finir avec la rupture de l'&#233;galit&#233; des chances, au nom du principe d'&#233;galit&#233; entre tou&#183;te&#183;s, et du principe d'&#233;mancipation, les personnes exil&#233;es se saisissent du droit &#224; la mobilit&#233; qui leur est ni&#233;, rappelant que toute personne a le droit de quitter tout pays y compris le sien, et que ce droit est internationalement reconnu&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Le droit de quitter tout pays, y compris le sien, est un droit humain (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Et internationalement bafou&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Loin de constituer un &#233;chec politique, les mort&#183;es aux fronti&#232;res, les renvois sommaires et les violations r&#233;p&#233;t&#233;es des droits fondamentaux observ&#233;s aux fronti&#232;res de l'Europe sont devenus des caract&#233;ristiques structurelles d'un syst&#232;me dans lequel la migration est avant tout per&#231;ue comme une menace pour la s&#233;curit&#233; plut&#244;t que comme une r&#233;alit&#233; humaine. Le co&#251;t humain n'est pas fortuit : il est intrins&#232;que &#224; un mod&#232;le qui privil&#233;gie l'exclusion plut&#244;t que la protection, et la dissuasion plut&#244;t que la solidarit&#233;.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Tant que la mobilit&#233; restera largement inaccessible, les personnes continueront de risquer leur vie &#224; la recherche de s&#233;curit&#233;, de dignit&#233; et d'opportunit&#233;s. Aucun degr&#233; de militarisation des fronti&#232;res ne peut &#233;liminer la migration ; ces politiques ne peuvent que la rendre plus dangereuse. Une approche fondamentalement diff&#233;rente est donc n&#233;cessaire &#8211; une approche qui place les droits humains, l'&#233;galit&#233;, la responsabilit&#233; internationale et la libert&#233; de circulation au c&#339;ur des politiques migratoires.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2026-08-09/suben-fallecidos-entrada-masiva-ceuta_4403443/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Se elevan a 83 los fallecidos en la entrada masiva en Ceuta tras el hallazgo de otro cad&#225;ver&lt;/a&gt;&#034;, El Confidencial, 9 de agosto de 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1500116775488586&amp;set=a.607841034716169&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Sebta : l'AMDH fait &#233;tat de plus de 140 morts et 111 arrestations&lt;/a&gt;&#034;, Media 24, 7 de agosto de 2026 ; &#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://elpais.com/espana/2026-08-07/las-ong-de-marruecos-elevan-a-141-la-cifra-de-muertos-a-ambos-lados-de-la-frontera-de-ceuta.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Las ONG de Marruecos elevan a 141 la cifra de muertos a ambos lados de la frontera de Ceuta&lt;/a&gt;&#034;, El Pais, 7 de agosto de 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;L'arr&#234;t de la Cour supr&#234;me espagnole du 8 juillet 2026 consid&#232;re que les autorit&#233;s espagnoles ne peuvent proc&#233;der &#224; des refoulements express (devoluciones en caliente) des personnes arriv&#233;es par la mer &#224; Ceuta ou Melilla sans un examen individuel pr&#233;alable de leur situation&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Real Decreto 316/2026, 14 avril 2026, publi&#233; au Journal Officiel du 15 avril 2026 (BOE-A-2026-8284)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2023/01/11/immigration-le-mythe-de-l-appel-d-air_6157358_3232.html?srsltid=AfmBOopva8DcXpJAF00y5qF0RhjyW40hGiNcp20j5FsE3P_rjgXOQI8N&amp;srsltid=AfmBOoo8I0jrhBZxl8KVENO2oRApL1tBqzGssLCZ6FspdnU21bSwS_xF&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Immigration : le mythe de &#171; l'appel d'air &#187;&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le Monde, 11 janvier 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/68411/explainer-italys-20262028-flow-decree-decreto-flussi&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Explainer : Italy's 2026-2028 'Flow Decree' (Decreto Flussi)&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Infomigrants, 28 novembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/71829/over-1300-dead-on-atlantic-route-to-canary-islands-to-date-in-2026&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Over 1,300 dead on Atlantic route to Canary Islands to date in 2026&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Infomigrants, 26 juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.touteleurope.eu/fonctionnement-de-l-ue/schengen-la-carte-des-restrictions-aux-frontieres-nationales/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Espace Schengen : quels pays europ&#233;ens ont r&#233;tabli des contr&#244;les aux fronti&#232;res ?&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Toute l'Europe, 13 septembre 2024 ; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71713/la-commission-europeenne-demande-aux-etats-membres-de-cesser-les-controles-aux-frontieres-interieures-de-lue&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La Commission europ&#233;enne demande aux &#201;tats membres de cesser les contr&#244;les aux fronti&#232;res int&#233;rieures de l'UE&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Infomigrants, 3 juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.le360.ma/politique/sebta-les-dessous-de-larret-de-justice-espagnole-qui-a-provoque-la-crise-migratoire_FHD2225ZLRDH3LFPD54GGNRZTE/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Sebta : les dessous de l'arr&#234;t de justice espagnole qui a provoqu&#233; la crise migratoire&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 360 magazine, 4 ao&#251;t 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/08/02/crise-de-ceuta-entre-l-espagne-et-le-maroc-trente-ans-de-rapprochements-strategiques-et-beaucoup-d-arriere-pensees_6737297_3210.html?srsltid=AfmBOopDtHBj31YTP6EZr0VcnTixDshfz3brKjkkFmkvJzjIA7OQsGSN&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Crise de Ceuta : entre l'Espagne et le Maroc, trente ans de rapprochements strat&#233;giques et beaucoup d'arri&#232;re-pens&#233;es&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Le Monde, 2 ao&#251;t 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/040826/ceuta-la-crise-politique-et-diplomatique-passee-l-espagne-obtient-le-soutien-des-europeens&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Ceuta : la crise politique et diplomatique pass&#233;e, l'Espagne obtient le soutien des Europ&#233;ens&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Mediapart, 4 ao&#251;t 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://unitedagainstrefugeedeaths.eu/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;The Fatal Policies of Fortress Europe&lt;/a&gt;, UNITED against refugee deaths&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3211.html&#034;&gt;'Contr&#244;ler' les migrations : entre laisser-mourir et permis de tuer&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Migreurop, 27 octobre 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3565.html&#034;&gt;Les &#201;tats du Maghreb et de l'Union europ&#233;enne coupables de violations syst&#233;matiques du droit international et de crimes contre l'humanit&#233; - Jugement de la 56e &#233;dition du Tribunal Permanent des Peuples&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Migreurop, 7 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Le droit de quitter tout pays, y compris le sien, est un droit humain fondamental garanti par l'&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.un.org/fr/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Article 13 de la D&#233;claration universelle des droits de l'homme de 1948&lt;/a&gt; et par l'&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/fr/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;article 12 du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Adoption of the EU &#8216;Return' Regulation: the death of international law</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3561.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3561.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-03-26T13:51:17Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Detention</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Forced returns</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pays s&#251;rs</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;&#8505;&#65039;Read the summary of the analysis here. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
On 26 March 2026, following on from the recent rights-violating legislative reforms (the European Pact on Migration and Asylum, the Schengen Code reform, the redefinition of the concept of &#8216;safe countries'...), MEPs approved a new instrument that effectively annihilates the rights of migrant people and continues to dismantle EU law, and, by extension, international law. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
In the blink of an eye, the hard-right's repressive agenda has prevailed. And (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique456.html" rel="directory"&gt;Migreurop Statements&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Detention&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot204.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Forced returns&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot214.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pays s&#251;rs&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH131/image-2-68956.png?1774531215' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='131' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8505;&#65039;Read the &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/executive_summary_-_analysis_of_return_regulation.pdf&#034;&gt;summary of the analysis here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;On 26 March 2026, following on from the recent rights-violating legislative reforms (the European Pact on Migration and Asylum, the Schengen Code reform, the redefinition of the concept of &#8216;safe countries'...), MEPs approved a new instrument that effectively annihilates the rights of migrant people and continues to dismantle EU law, and, by extension, international law. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the blink of an eye, the hard-right's repressive agenda has prevailed. And what little rights remained have been shattered. In a historic acceleration, the far right has, in barely a year, pushed through a &lt;strong&gt;new &lt;a href=&#034;https://static.euobserver.com/2026/03/EUobserver-Return-Regulation_Alternative-Compromise-Amendment-Copy-1.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;common system for the expulsion of third-country nationals without the right to reside in the EU&lt;/a&gt; (known as the &#8216;Return Regulation')&lt;/strong&gt;, repealing the 2008 Return Directive. Another milestone in the war on migrants that began 30 years ago, this Return Regulation consolidates the long-standing erosion of rights by crossing new red lines regarding the rights of foreigners. This new text, which leaves Member States considerable leeway, will undoubtedly lead to further violence against migrant people: &lt;strong&gt;increased criminalisation, widespread detention in camps, externalisation on all fronts, heightened risks to their physical and mental integrity,the institutionalised dismantling of rights.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This regulation clearly aims to take the &#8216;Europeanisation of the worst'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#8220;European Pact on Asylum and Migration: Migreurop's Position and Legal (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; a step further by giving substance to the ambitions of those states most opposed to migration, and by exacerbating or creating new violations of rights on a transnational scale. Above all, it illustrates Europe's anti-migration obsession and the embrace of far-right ideas that are infecting both the public sphere and the institutions of the Union.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A tightening of European migration policies under the influence of the far right&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Return Regulation, which will be binding on Member States, follows on from the European Pact on Migration and Asylum&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Adopted in April 2024, the European Pact on Asylum and Migration will come (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#8211; which establishes common rules for the cut-price management of immigration and asylum and already opened the door to widespread rights violations (obstacles to the right to an effective remedy and legal assistance, brutal detention practices that are increasingly informal and precarious, and a new procedure for border returns). Thus, this regulation aims, on the one hand, to fill the &#8216;gaps' in the Pact by &lt;strong&gt;&#8216;simplifying, facilitating and accelerating' the procedures for deporting people who don't benefit from the right to reside within the Union.&lt;/strong&gt; On the other hand, it aims to satisfy the demands of the European far right, which was calling for even harsher standards towards migrants. The position of the Council of the EU (8 December 2025) had already toughened the Commission's initial text (11 March 2025). The alternative compromise adopted by the LIBE Committee on 9 March &#8211; and for which the negotiating mandate was confirmed by the European Parliament's plenary session on 26 March &#8211; is even more repressive, resulting from an &lt;strong&gt;alliance between the right and the far right, &lt;/strong&gt; struck after several weeks of behind-the-scenes negotiations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;An obsession with security at the expense of fundamental rights&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Following on from the numerous, well-documented violations of rights&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#8220;The &#8216;Open Access Now' campaign gives way to the &#8216;Close the Camps' (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; resulting from the 2008 &#8216;directive of shame' &#8211; and the normalisation of violence against people on the move, which has for years been employed as a deterrent strategy&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#8220;Controlling&#8221; migration: between letting people die and a licence to kill&#8221;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#8211; this text unashamedly contributes to the erosion of the rights and freedoms of foreign nationals. Whilst claiming &#8211; but only for appearances' sake &#8211; to act with &#8220;full respect&#8221; for them, even though &lt;strong&gt;no impact assessment preceded this regulation, as required by current European legislation.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The language used in this text reveals nothing but hostility and mistrust towards those without the right to reside in the Union, who must be got rid of in the name of &#8216;taking control' and &#8216;effectiveness' in the fight against so-called irregular immigration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Emphasis is placed on the need to guarantee &#8220;territorial integrity, the maintenance of public order and the safeguarding of national security&#8221; within the Union&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;https://static.euobserver.com/2026/03/EUobserver-Return-Regulation_Alternative-C&#034; id=&#034;nh4-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . &lt;strong&gt;The grounds for a &#8220;security risk&#8221; are no longer limited to serious crimes but have been extended to criminal offences punishable by at least two years' imprisonment, or to any threat to security under national law. &lt;/strong&gt; For migrants allegedly posing this &#8220;risk&#8221;, exceptions to the (strict) general rules are introduced (&lt;strong&gt;entry bans and longer detention periods, specialised detention centres&lt;/strong&gt;). Whilst &lt;strong&gt;measures aimed at detecting and surveilling people &lt;/strong&gt; without the right to reside in the Union have ultimately been removed from the latest version of the text, their inclusion in a recital &lt;strong&gt;leaves the door open for the Council to reintroduce intrusive investigative methods to track them down&lt;/strong&gt;. Furthermore, there are numerous provisions that directly undermine fundamental rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Systematic mass detention&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Under previous legislation, the detention of foreign nationals was to be a measure of last resort. The new regulation no longer bothers with such considerations (except for unaccompanied minors &#8211; at least in theory), and &lt;strong&gt;detention becomes de facto systematic with an expansion of the grounds for detention&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;The grounds for detention are extended to include the risk of absconding, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This, whether formal or disguised (e.g. the use of electronic tagging), may apply to &lt;strong&gt;all categories of foreign nationals, including those deemed &#8216;vulnerable'&lt;/strong&gt;: minors (unaccompanied or accompanied), asylum seekers, and people whose state of health is, in principle, incompatible with detention.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, &lt;strong&gt;the maximum period of detention is increased from 18 to 24 months&lt;/strong&gt; (2 x 12 months) &lt;i&gt;&#8216;in a given Member State&lt;/i&gt; &#8221; (Art. 32-3) &#8211; meaning that &lt;strong&gt;detention periods can be cumulative across Member States&lt;/strong&gt; &#8211; and can be &lt;strong&gt;extended indefinitely&lt;/strong&gt; in the event of threats to &#8220;public order&#8221;, public or internal &#8220;security&#8221;, or in the event of an offence. However, European courts have consistently held that administrative detention must be exceptional and proportionate. It should also be noted that in the event of a &#8216;security risk', &lt;strong&gt;the text provides for the legal possibility that such administrative detention may take place in prisons&lt;/strong&gt;, in designated sections, or alongside common law prisoners.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is clear here that the &lt;strong&gt;systematic detention of migrants &lt;/strong&gt; &#8211; in camps or prisons, including in cases of non-cooperation with the authorities &#8211; is &lt;strong&gt;punitive and criminalising&lt;/strong&gt;. This is despite the fact that they are deprived of their liberty because they do not meet the requirements for entry into or residence in a European country, and that Member States have obligations to respect rights under ratified international conventions. Finally, the criminalisation of migrants leads to recurrent violations of their fundamental rights and fuels racism in both migration policies and among the general public.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Deporting faster and further&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This new text demonstrates the EU's determination to allow deportation at any cost and to prevent foreign nationals deemed &#8216;undesirable' from setting foot on European soil, once and for all.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A person subject to a removal procedure will be required to actively cooperate with the authorities regarding their forced return&lt;/strong&gt;, failing which they may face sanctions, particularly financial or criminal penalties (including imprisonment). They may also be &lt;strong&gt;subject to a search and have their personal belongings seized&lt;/strong&gt; (including electronic devices), which may infringe upon the rights of asylum seekers, the right to privacy and the protection of personal data.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The aim is to &lt;strong&gt;speed up forced removals through the mutual recognition and enforcement of removal decisions &lt;/strong&gt; between Member States, potentially &lt;strong&gt;without individual review of cases&lt;/strong&gt; between the country that issued the expulsion order and the one enforcing it, which risks undermining the principle of non-refoulement. Furthermore, it will now be possible to &lt;strong&gt;deport a person without waiting for the final removal decision,&lt;/strong&gt; as the automatic suspensive effect of an appeal against that decision has been removed, which may undermine the right to an effective remedy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Under the pretext of circumventing the alleged lack of cooperation from countries of origin or transit &#8211; which could lead to sanctions &#8211; or the practical impossibility of returning a person, the new European legislation also broadens the definition of &#8216;country of return'. &lt;strong&gt;This provides for the possibility of deporting migrant people to third countries they have never set foot in&lt;/strong&gt; &#8211; with the notable exception of unaccompanied minors (Art. 17-4) &#8211; &lt;strong&gt;with which they have no connection &lt;/strong&gt; (nationality, transit or residence), and &lt;strong&gt;without their consent&lt;/strong&gt;, as this requirement has simply been removed from the new text. To this end, &lt;strong&gt;Member States or the EU will be able to negotiate agreements (formal or informal) with countries outside Europe (&lt;i&gt;return hubs&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/strong&gt;, and will simply be required to inform the European Commission. It will be up to these third countries to &#8216;manage' the populations returned from Europe (detention, deportations?), without any provision for a mechanism for ex ante or ex post monitoring of these deportations by the European institutions, and &lt;strong&gt;without a suspension clause in the event of rights violations&lt;/strong&gt;. This text also permits the &lt;strong&gt;sharing of data with third countries&lt;/strong&gt;, including data relating to criminal convictions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Member States are thus completely absolving themselves of the consequences and repercussions of these deportations, in breach of the principle of Member States' extraterritorial responsibility in cases of dangerous return&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;cf. Art. 3 European Convention on Human Rights&#034; id=&#034;nh4-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Furthermore, if the country of return cannot be determined, it will be possible to issue a deportation order that specifies none&#8230; or to designate several, which in both cases will hinder the ability to challenge these decisions. Furthermore,&lt;strong&gt; there is no need to declare the third country of return &#8216;safe', &lt;/strong&gt; except for asylum seekers whose applications have been deemed inadmissible.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Finally, &lt;strong&gt;bans on re-entry into the European Union&lt;/strong&gt; following deportation may be imposed even before a removal order has been issued, or even after the person has left the territory. The maximum duration of this ban (previously five years) &#8211; initially extended to 10, then 20 years &#8211; is ultimately not specified in the latest version of the text&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Recital 20: &#8216;The duration of an entry ban must be determined with due regard (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , except for persons who would pose a security risk, in which case the ban may be indefinite (i.e. permanent). To add insult to injury, &lt;i&gt;&#8216;Member States may make the lifting of an entry ban conditional upon the reimbursement of the costs incurred in removing the third-country &lt;/i&gt;national' (Art. 11-3).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Declaring third countries &#8216;safe' &lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To carry out their anti-migration policies and shirk their responsibilities regarding reception and international protection, European states have relied for over 20 years on the &lt;strong&gt;concept of &#8216;safe countries'&lt;/strong&gt;. This label, intended to be effective and in theory conditional upon respect for the rule of law and effective protection in situ, conveniently designates strategic geographical areas as safe. As provided for in the European Pact, this concept has been reformed. On 10 February 2026, the European Parliament thus adopted two texts that &lt;strong&gt;drastically limit the scope of the right to asylum. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The first text establishes the first common and harmonised European list of &#8216;safe countries of origin', comprising Bangladesh, Tunisia, Morocco, Kosovo, Colombia, Egypt and India &#8211; a list that is staggering given the &lt;strong&gt;abuses against migrants reported in these countries&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;In particular, inEgypt, Morocco and Tunisia&#034; id=&#034;nh4-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, &lt;strong&gt;all countries applying for EU membership are automatically considered &#8216;safe'&lt;/strong&gt; (with the exception of Ukraine). This initial concept allows Member States&lt;strong&gt; to examine applications for protection under an accelerated procedure&lt;/strong&gt; when they come from nationals of a so-called &#8220;safe country of origin&#8221;, in violation of the right to an effective remedy and respect for the rights of the defence. Furthermore, as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has pointed out, the application of the safe country of origin concept would, in principle, prevent an entire group of asylum seekers from obtaining refugee status, which would contravene the Geneva Convention&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;General Note on the Concept of Country and Refugee Status, EC/SCP/68, UNHCR, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , as well as being contrary to the principle of non-discrimination on grounds of nationality.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The European Pact on Asylum and Migration also provides that a country may be considered partially &#8216;safe' and that the accelerated procedure may also apply to foreign nationals from countries where the rate of acceptance of asylum applications in the European Member State of arrival is less than 20%.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The second text &lt;strong&gt;broadens the concept of &#8216;safe third countries',&lt;/strong&gt; but without providing a list. &lt;strong&gt;This allows an asylum application to be declared inadmissible without substantive examination for persons who have passed through a &#8216;safe third country',&lt;/strong&gt; on the grounds that the person could have sought asylum there, with a view to returning them there. However, automatically classifying a country as &#8216;safe' may lead to a person being returned without a thorough examination of their individual circumstances, which would undermine the principle of non-refoulement, and without the appeal having suspensive effect, in violation of the right to an effective remedy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Legalising existing outsourcing practices&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The EU and European countries have for years sought to outsource their responsibilities regarding migration and asylum management&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#8220;The externalisation of the European Union's immigration and asylum (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. By first delegating border controls and maritime interceptions (Morocco, Libya, Turkey, Tunisia, ...), then seeking to delegate detention and/or asylum processing (Rwanda, Albania, the 2025 letter of intent between the Netherlands and Uganda aimed at creating a &#8216;return centre' for rejected asylum seekers), and finally by outsourcing deportations (Tirana/Cairo deportation, May 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#8220;The Italian government's first repatriation operation directly from (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, the &lt;strong&gt;externalisation of asylum is more favored than ever by MEPs&lt;/strong&gt;. Whilst the most recent initiatives in this direction (the UK&#8211;Rwanda deal of 2022 and the Italy&#8211;Albania deal of 2023) have failed, having been struck down by national and European courts, on 15 May 2024, 15 Member States sent a letter to the European Commission calling for the development of a common system for the externalisation of asylum processing, drawing inspiration in particular from the Italy-Albania protocol, and pushing for the &lt;strong&gt;establishment of &#8216;return hubs' in &#8216;safe third countries' to which those being returned could be &#8216;transferred'. &lt;/strong&gt; For its part, the European Commission has, contrary to common sense and international law, described the relocation of asylum procedures to third countries as an &#8220;innovative solution&#8221;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ursula von der Leyen described the Italy-Albania protocol as &#8220;thinking (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Finally, building on discussions surrounding the Return Regulation, five EU member states (Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Denmark and Greece) wasted no time in seizing the opportunity. Forming a coalition, they met on 5 March 2026 with a view to &lt;strong&gt;&#8216;concretely implementing' externalised camps outside the EU &lt;/strong&gt; to which people deported from Europe would be sent&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#8220;Five EU countries want to create return hubs for migrantsoutside Europe&#8221;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . They are now working to negotiate formal or informal agreements to this effect with non-EU countries.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Unprecedented attacks on the rule of law&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 22 May 2025, nine EU Member States (Italy, Denmark, Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland) signed an &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/Lettera_aperta_22052025.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;open letter&lt;/a&gt; calling for &lt;i&gt;&#8220;a new and open-minded discussion on the interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights&lt;/i&gt;&#8221;. The signatory states criticise the European Court of Human Rights' overly broad interpretation of the Convention in relation to immigration, particularly regarding the prohibition on subjecting a person within their jurisdiction to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (Art. 3) &#8212;a prohibition which is, however, absolute and admits of no exceptions&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;ECHR, Soering v. the United Kingdom judgment], 1989&#034; id=&#034;nh4-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#8212; or the protection of private and family life (Art. 8). Through this frontal assault on the judiciary, these states are in reality demanding greater flexibility to depart from basic safeguards in immigration law&#8230;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The legislative initiatives of recent months reflect &lt;strong&gt;the Member States' clear desire to free themselves from European law as it currently stands, which for the time being acts as a barrier &#8211; at least in theory &#8211; to the violation of their international obligations&lt;/strong&gt;, the aim being to establish a new legal framework that would allow them to shirk their responsibilities in the field of migration without difficulty.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There remains the hope that these attempts to undermine rights will be challenged during the trilogue negotiations and/or, ultimately, by the European courts&#8230;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Whilst EU law is supposed to protect individual rights and safeguard freedoms, for decades it has been trampling on them in the name of a fabricated &#8216;migration threat'. In the wake of the European Pact and other forthcoming reforms (renegotiation of the Facilitation Directive, amendment to the Frontex Regulation), new red lines have been crossed, and &lt;strong&gt;the Return Regulation confirms the reshaping of EU law to adapt it to the racist, anti-migration and anti-democratic ideology &lt;/strong&gt; that prevails across Europe and far beyond.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This overt policy of mass detention and externalisation confirms &#8211; if confirmation were still needed &#8211; the foundation of the policy of deterrence, coercion and criminalisation within the EU, against which Migreurop has been fighting for 20 years. More than ever, the network and its members reaffirm their commitment to upholding the rights of migrant people and opposing this narrative of hatred. Migreurop will continue to work towards broadening the collective imagination to conceive of alternative migration policies that are radically different, resolutely inclusive, based on solidarity and decolonial principles, centred on freedom of movement and settlement for all, and focused on the strict respect for rights.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;_&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3111.html&#034;&gt;&#8220;European Pact on Asylum and Migration: Migreurop's Position and Legal&lt;/a&gt; Analysis&#8221;, Migreurop Position Paper, 5 December 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Adopted in April 2024, the European Pact on Asylum and Migration will come into force in June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article2693.html&#034;&gt;The &#8216;Open Access Now' campaign gives way to the &#8216;Close the Camps'&lt;/a&gt; campaign&#8221;, Migreurop, 23 May 2016&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3211.html&#034;&gt;&#8220;Controlling&#8221; migration: between letting people die and a licence to&lt;/a&gt; kill&#8221;, Migreurop press release, 27 October 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://static.euobserver.com/2026/03/EUobserver-Return-Regulation_Alternative-Compromise-Amendment-Copy-1.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://static.euobserver.com/2026/03/EUobserver-Return-Regulation_Alternative-Compromise-Amendment-Copy-1.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;The grounds for detention are extended to include the risk of absconding, obstruction of the removal procedure, &#8220;security risks&#8221;, the need to determine or verify identity and nationality, or failure to comply with so-called alternatives to detention, including a lack of cooperation in obtaining travel documents, or any other relevant factor indicating that detention is necessary to ensure a swift and effective return&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;cf. Art. 3 European Convention on Human Rights&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Recital 20: &#8216;The duration of an entry ban must be determined with due regard to all the relevant circumstances of the individual case'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;In particular, in&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70181/amnesty-international-denonce-un-climat-de-peur-generalisee-chez-les-migrants-en-egypte&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Egypt&lt;/a&gt;, Morocco and &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/cultures-monde/la-traque-des-migrants-subsahariens-1012753&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.unhcr.org/fr-fr/editions/note-generale-sur-la-notion-de-pays-et-sur-le-statut-de-refugie&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;General Note on the Concept of Country and Refugee Status&lt;/a&gt;, EC/SCP/68, UNHCR, 26 July 1991&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/notes_plaidoyer_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;The externalisation of the European Union's immigration and asylum&lt;/a&gt; policies&#8221;, Migreurop advocacy note,1sthalfof 2019&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://altreconomia.it/il-primo-rimpatrio-italiano-di-migranti-irregolari-direttamente-dallalbania/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;The Italian government's first repatriation operation directly from&lt;/a&gt; Albania&#8221;, Altreeconomia, 23 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ursula von der Leyen described the Italy-Albania protocol as &#8220;thinking outside the box&#8221; (in &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/10/15/delocalisation-des-migrants-hors-de-lue-la-commission-europeenne-favorable-aux-centres-de-&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Relocating migrants outside the EU: the European Commission in favour of return&lt;/a&gt; centres&#8221;, Euronews, 15 October 2024)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/03/06/cinq-pays-de-lue-veulent-creer-des-plateformes-de-retour-pour-migrants-hors-deurope&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Five EU countries want to create return hubs for migrants&lt;/a&gt;outside Europe&#8221;, Euronews, 6 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;ECHR, &lt;a href=&#034;https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-62176%22&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Soering v. the United Kingdom judgment&lt;/a&gt;}], 1989&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Adoption du r&#232;glement europ&#233;en &#171; retour &#187; : la mise &#224; mort du droit international</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3560.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3560.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-03-26T13:51:15Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Politiques migratoires</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Renvois forc&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Enfermement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;&#8505;&#65039;Retrouvez la synth&#232;se de l'analyse ici. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Dans la continuit&#233; des r&#233;formes l&#233;gislatives attentatoires aux droits adopt&#233;es derni&#232;rement (Pacte europ&#233;en sur l'immigration et l'asile, r&#233;forme Code Schengen, red&#233;finition du concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;...), les eurod&#233;put&#233;&#183;e&#183;s ont approuv&#233; le 26 mars 2026 un nouvel instrument qui r&#233;duit &#224; n&#233;ant les droits des personnes exil&#233;es et poursuit le d&#233;mant&#232;lement du droit de l'Union, et partant du droit international. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
En un tour de main, le projet (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique456.html" rel="directory"&gt;Communiqu&#233;s Migreurop&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Politiques migratoires&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Renvois forc&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Enfermement&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot204.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH131/image-a1553.png?1774531215' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='131' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8505;&#65039;Retrouvez la &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/resume_executif_-_analyse_reglement_retour.pdf&#034;&gt;synth&#232;se de l'analyse ici&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dans la continuit&#233; des r&#233;formes l&#233;gislatives attentatoires aux droits adopt&#233;es derni&#232;rement (Pacte europ&#233;en sur l'immigration et l'asile, r&#233;forme Code Schengen, red&#233;finition du concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;...), les eurod&#233;put&#233;&#183;e&#183;s ont approuv&#233; le 26 mars 2026 un nouvel instrument qui r&#233;duit &#224; n&#233;ant les droits des personnes exil&#233;es et poursuit le d&#233;mant&#232;lement du droit de l'Union, et partant du droit international. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En un tour de main, le projet r&#233;pressif de la droite dure l'a donc emport&#233;. Et le peu de droits qui subsistait a vol&#233; en &#233;clats. Dans une acc&#233;l&#233;ration de l'Histoire, l'extr&#234;me droite a fait adopter en un an &#224; peine un &lt;strong&gt;nouveau &lt;a href=&#034;https://static.euobserver.com/2026/03/EUobserver-Return-Regulation_Alternative-Compromise-Amendment-Copy-1.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;syst&#232;me commun en mati&#232;re d'expulsions des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s de pays tiers sans droit au s&#233;jour dans l'Union&lt;/a&gt; (dit &#171; r&#232;glement retour &#187;),&lt;/strong&gt; abrogeant la directive retour de 2008. &#201;ni&#232;me jalon de la guerre aux migrant&#183;e&#183;s d&#233;but&#233;e il y a 30 ans, ce r&#232;glement retour consolide la destruction du droit entam&#233;e de longue date en franchissant de nouvelles lignes rouges en mati&#232;re de droits des &#233;trangers. Ce nouveau texte, qui laisse une grande marge de man&#339;uvre aux &#201;tats membres, produira &#224; n'en pas douter davantage de violences envers les personnes exil&#233;es : &lt;strong&gt;criminalisation renforc&#233;e, encampement g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233;, externalisation tous azimuts, risques accrus pour leur int&#233;grit&#233; physique et mentale, recul des droits institutionnalis&#233;. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce r&#232;glement a clairement pour objectif d'aller plus loin dans &#171; l'europ&#233;anisation du pire &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Pacte europ&#233;en sur l'asile et la migration : positionnement de Migreurop (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; en donnant corps aux vell&#233;it&#233;s des &#201;tats les plus oppos&#233;s aux migrations, et en aggravant ou cr&#233;ant de nouvelles violations des droits &#224; l'&#233;chelle transnationale. Il illustre surtout l'obsession anti-migratoire europ&#233;enne, et l'adh&#233;sion aux id&#233;es d'extr&#234;me-droite qui gangr&#232;nent tant l'espace public que les institutions de l'Union.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Un durcissement des politiques migratoires europ&#233;ennes sous influence de la droite dure&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le r&#232;glement retour, qui s'imposera aux &#201;tats membres, s'inscrit dans le prolongement du Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Adopt&#233; en avril 2024, le pacte europ&#233;en asile et migration entrera en (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; - qui &#233;tablit des r&#232;gles communes pour la gestion au rabais de l'immigration et de l'asile et ouvrait d&#233;j&#224; la porte &#224; des violations g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233;es des droits (entraves au droit &#224; un recours effectif et &#224; une assistance juridique, pratiques brutales de d&#233;tention de plus en plus informelles et pr&#233;caires, nouvelle proc&#233;dure de renvois aux fronti&#232;res). Aussi, ce r&#232;glement vise-t-il d'une part &#224; combler les &#171; lacunes &#187; du Pacte en &lt;strong&gt;&#171; simplifiant, facilitant et acc&#233;l&#233;rant &#187; les proc&#233;dures d'expulsion&lt;/strong&gt; des personnes sans droit au s&#233;jour au sein de l'Union. Il vise d'autre part &#224; combler les vell&#233;it&#233;s de l'extr&#234;me droite europ&#233;enne, qui r&#233;clamait des normes encore plus dures envers les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s. La position du Conseil de l'UE (8 d&#233;cembre 2025) avait d&#233;j&#224; durci le texte initial de la Commission (11 mars 2025). Le compromis alternatif adopt&#233; par la Commission parlementaire LIBE le 9 mars &#8211; et dont le mandat de n&#233;gociation a &#233;t&#233; confirm&#233; par la pl&#233;ni&#232;re du Parlement europ&#233;en le 26 mars - est plus r&#233;pressif encore, r&#233;sultant d&lt;strong&gt;'une alliance entre la droite et l'extr&#234;me droite&lt;/strong&gt;, conclue apr&#232;s plusieurs semaines de n&#233;gociations en coulisses.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Une obsession s&#233;curitaire au m&#233;pris des droits fondamentaux&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans la continuit&#233; des multiples violations des droits, largement document&#233;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; La campagne 'Open Access Now' laisse place &#224; la mobilisation 'Close the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, g&#233;n&#233;r&#233;es par la &#171; directive de la honte &#187; de 2008 &#8211;, et de la normalisation de la violence envers les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#233;rig&#233;e depuis des ann&#233;es en strat&#233;gie de dissuasion&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Contr&#244;ler &#187; les migrations : entre laisser-mourir et permis de tuer &#187;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, ce texte verse sans complexes dans l'an&#233;antissement des droits et libert&#233;s des personnes &#233;trang&#232;res. Tout en affirmant &#8211; mais seulement pour la forme &#8211; agir dans leur &#171; plein respect &#187;, alors m&#234;me qu'&lt;strong&gt;aucune &#233;tude d'impact n'a pr&#233;c&#233;d&#233; ce r&#232;glement, comme l'exige pourtant la l&#233;gislation europ&#233;enne en vigueur&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le vocabulaire utilis&#233; dans ce texte ne montre qu'hostilit&#233; et d&#233;fiance envers les personnes d&#233;pourvues de droit au s&#233;jour dans l'Union, dont il faudrait se d&#233;barrasser au nom de la &#171; reprise en main &#187; et de &#171; l'efficacit&#233; &#187; de la lutte contre l'immigration dite irr&#233;guli&#232;re.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Insistance est faite sur la n&#233;cessit&#233; de garantir &#171; l'int&#233;grit&#233; territoriale, le maintien de l'ordre public et la sauvegarde de la s&#233;curit&#233; nationale &#187; au sein de l'Union&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;https://static.euobserver.com/2026/03/EUobserver-Return-Regulation_Alternative-C&#034; id=&#034;nh5-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Les motifs du &#171; risque s&#233;curitaire &#187; ne se limitent plus aux crimes graves mais sont &#233;tendus aux infractions p&#233;nales passibles d'au moins deux ans de prison, ou &#224; toute menace pour la s&#233;curit&#233; en vertu du droit national. &lt;/strong&gt; Pour les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s pr&#233;sentant ce &#171; risque &#187;, sont pr&#233;vues des d&#233;rogations aux (strictes) r&#232;gles g&#233;n&#233;rales (&lt;strong&gt;interdictions d'entr&#233;e et p&#233;riodes de d&#233;tention plus longues, recours &#224; des centres de d&#233;tention sp&#233;cialis&#233;s&lt;/strong&gt;). Si les &lt;strong&gt;mesures visant &#224; la d&#233;tection et surveillance&lt;/strong&gt; des personnes sans droit au s&#233;jour dans l'Union ont finalement disparu de la derni&#232;re version du texte, leur introduction dans un consid&#233;rant &lt;strong&gt;laisse la porte ouverte au Conseil pour r&#233;introduire des m&#233;thodes d'enqu&#234;tes intrusives permettant de les traquer. &lt;/strong&gt; Par ailleurs, nombreuses sont les dispositions qui attentent directement aux droits fondamentaux.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Une d&#233;tention de masse syst&#233;matis&#233;e&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En vertu de la l&#233;gislation pr&#233;c&#233;dente, l'enfermement des personnes &#233;trang&#232;res devait &#234;tre une mesure de dernier ressort. Le nouveau r&#232;glement ne s'embarrasse plus de telles consid&#233;rations (sauf pour les mineurs isol&#233;s &#8211; du moins en th&#233;orie), et &lt;strong&gt;l'enfermement devient de facto syst&#233;matique avec une extension des motifs de d&#233;tention&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Les motifs de d&#233;tention sont &#233;tendus au risque de fuite, &#224; l'entrave &#224; la (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Celle-ci, qu'elle soit formelle ou d&#233;guis&#233;e (cf. usage de bracelets &#233;lectroniques), pourra s'appliquer &#224; &lt;strong&gt;toutes les cat&#233;gories d'&#233;tranger&#183;&#232;re&#183;s, y compris celles dites &#171; vuln&#233;rables &#187;&lt;/strong&gt; : les mineur&#183;e&#183;s (seul&#183;e&#183;s ou accompagn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s), les demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile, et les personnes dont l'&#233;tat de sant&#233; est a priori incompatible avec une mesure d'enfermement.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En outre, &lt;strong&gt;la dur&#233;e maximale d'enfermement passe de 18 &#224; 24 mois&lt;/strong&gt; (2x12 mois) &#171; &lt;i&gt;dans un &#201;tat membre donn&#233;&lt;/i&gt; &#187; (Art. 32-3) - ce qui signifie que &lt;strong&gt;la d&#233;tention peut &#234;tre cumulable d'un &#201;tat &#224; l'autre - et prolongeable ind&#233;finiment&lt;/strong&gt; en cas de menaces &#224; &#171; l'ordre public &#187;, &#224; la &#171; s&#233;curit&#233; &#187; publique ou int&#233;rieure, ou en cas d'infraction. Pourtant, les juridictions europ&#233;ennes ont de jurisprudence constante rappel&#233; que la d&#233;tention administrative doit &#234;tre exceptionnelle et proportionn&#233;e. Notons &#233;galement qu'en cas de &#171; risque s&#233;curitaire &#187;, &lt;strong&gt;le texte ouvre la possibilit&#233; l&#233;gale que cette d&#233;tention administrative s'effectue dans des &#233;tablissements p&#233;nitentiaires&lt;/strong&gt;, dans des sections r&#233;serv&#233;es, ou &#224; d&#233;faut avec des prisonniers de droit commun.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Il est ici &#233;vident que la &lt;strong&gt;syst&#233;matisation de l'enfermement des personnes exil&#233;es&lt;/strong&gt; &#8211; dans des camps ou des prisons, y compris en cas de non-coop&#233;ration avec les autorit&#233;s &#8211; &lt;strong&gt;est punitive et criminalisante&lt;/strong&gt;. Ce, alors m&#234;me que les personnes concern&#233;es sont priv&#233;es de libert&#233; faute de remplir les r&#232;gles pour entrer ou s&#233;journer dans un pays europ&#233;en, et que les &#201;tats membres ont des obligations quant au respect des droits au titre des conventions internationales ratifi&#233;es. Enfin, la criminalisation des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s est &#224; l'origine de violations r&#233;currentes de leurs droits fondamentaux, et nourrit le racisme des politiques migratoires, comme des populations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Expulser plus vite et plus loin&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce nouveau texte d&#233;montre la volont&#233; europ&#233;enne de permettre l'expulsion &#224; tout prix et d'emp&#234;cher les personnes &#233;trang&#232;res consid&#233;r&#233;es comme 'ind&#233;sirables' de fouler le sol europ&#233;en. Une bonne fois pour toutes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Une personne soumise &#224; une proc&#233;dure d'expulsion devra activement coop&#233;rer &#224; son renvoi forc&#233; avec les autorit&#233;s&lt;/strong&gt;, sous peine de sanctions notamment financi&#232;res ou p&#233;nales (y compris via un emprisonnement). Elle pourra en outre &#234;tre &lt;strong&gt;soumise &#224; une fouille et voir ses effets personnels saisis&lt;/strong&gt; (y compris ses appareils &#233;lectroniques), ce qui peut porter atteinte aux droits des demandeurs d'asile, au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et &#224; la protection des donn&#233;es personnelles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'objectif est &lt;strong&gt;d'acc&#233;l&#233;rer les renvois forc&#233;s par la reconnaissance et l'ex&#233;cution mutuelle des d&#233;cisions de renvoi entre &#201;tats membres&lt;/strong&gt;, donc potentiellement &lt;strong&gt;sans r&#233;examen individuel&lt;/strong&gt; des situations entre le pays ayant &#233;mis l'ordre d'expulsion et celui qui l'ex&#233;cute, ce qui risque de porter atteinte au principe de non-refoulement. De plus, il sera d&#233;sormais possible &lt;strong&gt;d'expulser une personne sans attendre la d&#233;cision d&#233;finitive de renvoi,&lt;/strong&gt; l'automaticit&#233; du caract&#232;re suspensif du recours en annulation contre cette d&#233;cision ayant &#233;t&#233; supprim&#233;e, ce qui peut porter atteinte au droit &#224; un recours effectif.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Par ailleurs, sous pr&#233;texte de contourner le pr&#233;tendu manque de coop&#233;ration des pays d'origine ou de transit &#8211; pouvant donner lieu &#224; des sanctions &#8211; ou l'impossibilit&#233; mat&#233;rielle de renvoyer une personne, la nouvelle l&#233;gislation europ&#233;enne &#233;largit &#233;galement la d&#233;finition du &#171; pays de retour &#187;. &lt;strong&gt;Est ainsi pr&#233;vue la possibilit&#233; d'expulser les personnes exil&#233;es dans des pays tiers jamais foul&#233;s&lt;/strong&gt; &#8211; &#224; l'exception notable des mineur&#183;e&#183;s isol&#233;&#183;e&#183;s (art. 17-4) &#8211;, &lt;strong&gt;sans lien de connexion&lt;/strong&gt; (nationalit&#233;, transit ou s&#233;jour) avec elles, et&lt;strong&gt; sans leur consentement&lt;/strong&gt;, cette notion &#233;tant tout bonnement supprim&#233;e du nouveau texte. &lt;strong&gt;Les &#201;tats membres ou l'UE pourront pour ce faire n&#233;gocier des accords (formels ou informels) avec des pays hors Europe&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;i&gt;return hubs&lt;/i&gt;), et devront simplement en informer la Commission europ&#233;enne. A charge pour ces pays tiers de &#171; g&#233;rer &#187; les populations renvoy&#233;es d'Europe (mise en d&#233;tention, expulsions ?), sans que ne soit pr&#233;vu un m&#233;canisme de contr&#244;le a priori ou a posteriori de ces expulsions par les institutions europ&#233;ennes, et &lt;strong&gt;sans clause de suspension en cas de violation des droits&lt;/strong&gt;. Ce texte permet &#233;galement le &lt;strong&gt;partage de donn&#233;es avec des pays tiers&lt;/strong&gt;, y compris celles relatives aux condamnations p&#233;nales.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les &#201;tats membres se d&#233;faussent ainsi totalement des cons&#233;quences et des suites de ces expulsions, en violation du principe de responsabilit&#233; extraterritoriale des &#201;tats membres en cas de renvoi dangereux&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Cf. art. 3 Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme&#034; id=&#034;nh5-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En outre, si le pays de retour ne peut &#234;tre d&#233;termin&#233;, il sera possible de notifier un ordre d'expulsion qui n'en fixe aucun&#8230; ou bien d'en d&#233;signer plusieurs, ce qui dans les deux cas entravera les possibilit&#233;s de contester ces d&#233;cisions.&lt;strong&gt; Il n'y a par ailleurs nul besoin de d&#233;clarer &#171; s&#251;r &#187; le pays tiers de renvoi,&lt;/strong&gt; sauf pour les demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile dont la demande a &#233;t&#233; jug&#233;e irrecevable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Enfin, des&lt;strong&gt; interdictions d'entr&#233;e &lt;/strong&gt; sur le territoire europ&#233;en peuvent &#234;tre prononc&#233;es sans qu'une d&#233;cision de renvoi ait &#233;t&#233; rendue, voire apr&#232;s que la personne a quitt&#233; le territoire. La dur&#233;e maximale de cette interdiction (de cinq ans auparavant) &#8211; d'abord port&#233;e &#224; 10, puis 20 ans &#8211; n'est finalement pas pr&#233;cis&#233;e dans la derni&#232;re version du texte&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Consid&#233;rant 20 : &#171; La dur&#233;e d'une interdiction d'entr&#233;e doit &#234;tre d&#233;termin&#233;e (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, sauf pour les personnes qui constitueraient un risque pour la s&#233;curit&#233;, auquel cas le bannissement peut &#234;tre ind&#233;fini (soit d&#233;finitif). Comble du cynisme, &#171; &lt;i&gt;les &#201;tats membres peuvent subordonner la lev&#233;e d'une interdiction d'entr&#233;e au remboursement des frais engag&#233;s pour l'&#233;loignement du ressortissant d'un pays tiers&lt;/i&gt; &#187; (Art. 11-3).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;D&#233;cr&#233;ter des pays tiers comme &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour mener &#224; bien leurs projets anti-migratoires et se d&#233;fausser de leurs responsabilit&#233;s en mati&#232;re d'accueil et de protection internationale, les &#201;tats europ&#233;ens s'appuient depuis plus de 20 ans sur le &lt;strong&gt;concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;. Ce label &#224; vis&#233;e performative, en th&#233;orie conditionn&#233; par le respect de l'&#201;tat de droit et d'une protection effective in situ, d&#233;cr&#232;te opportun&#233;ment des espaces g&#233;ographiques strat&#233;giques comme s&#251;rs. Tel que pr&#233;vu par le Pacte europ&#233;en, ce concept a &#233;t&#233; r&#233;form&#233;. Le Parlement europ&#233;en a ainsi adopt&#233; le 10 f&#233;vrier 2026 deux textes qui limitent drastiquement la port&#233;e du droit d'asile. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le premier texte &#233;tablit la premi&#232;re liste europ&#233;enne commune et harmonis&#233;e de &#171; pays d'origine s&#251;rs &#187;, comprenant le Bangladesh, la Tunisie, le Maroc, le Kosovo, la Colombie, l'&#201;gypte et l'Inde, liste qui laisse pantois au regard des &lt;strong&gt;exactions &#224; l'encontre des personnes migrantes d&#233;nonc&#233;es dans ces pays&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Notamment en &#201;gypte, au Maroc, et en Tunisie&#034; id=&#034;nh5-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Par ailleurs, &lt;strong&gt;tous les &#201;tats candidats &#224; l'adh&#233;sion &#224; l'UE sont automatiquement consid&#233;r&#233;s comme &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;&lt;/strong&gt; (&#224; l'exception de l'Ukraine). Ce premier concept permet aux &#201;tats membres d'&lt;strong&gt;examiner en proc&#233;dure acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;e les demandes de protection &lt;/strong&gt; lorsqu'elles &#233;manent de ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s d'un pays dit &#171; d'origine s&#251;r &#187;, en violation du droit &#224; un recours effectif et du respect des droits de la d&#233;fense. De plus, comme l'a pr&#233;cis&#233; le Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les R&#233;fugi&#233;s (HCR), l'application du concept de pays d'origine s&#251;r emp&#234;cherait a priori tout un groupe de personnes en qu&#234;te d'asile d'obtenir le statut de r&#233;fugi&#233;, ce qui contreviendrait &#224; la Convention de Gen&#232;ve&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Note g&#233;n&#233;rale sur la notion de pays et sur le statut de r&#233;fugi&#233;, EC/SCP/68, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, en plus d'&#234;tre contraire au principe de non-discrimination en raison de la nationalit&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Pacte europ&#233;en asile et migration pr&#233;voit par ailleurs qu'un pays peut &#234;tre consid&#233;r&#233; comme partiellement &#171; s&#251;r &#187; et que la proc&#233;dure acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;e peut &#233;galement s'appliquer aux &#233;trangers provenant de pays o&#249; le taux d'acceptation des demandes d'asile, dans l'&#201;tat europ&#233;en d'arriv&#233;e, est inf&#233;rieur &#224; 20 %.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le deuxi&#232;me texte &lt;strong&gt;&#233;largit le concept de &#171; pays tiers s&#251;rs &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;, mais sans en donner une liste. Celui-ci &lt;strong&gt;permet de d&#233;clarer irrecevable sans examen au fond une demande d'asile pour les personnes pass&#233;es par un &#171; pays tiers s&#251;r &#187;,&lt;/strong&gt; au motif que la personne aurait pu y demander l'asile, en vue de les y renvoyer. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Or, le classement automatique d'un pays comme &#171; s&#251;r &#187; peut conduire au renvoi d'une personne sans examen approfondi de sa situation individuelle, ce qui porterait atteinte au principe de non-refoulement, et sans effet suspensif du recours, en violation du droit &#224; un recours effectif.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L&#233;galiser des pratiques d'externalisation d&#233;j&#224; existantes&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'UE et les pays europ&#233;ens cherchent depuis des ann&#233;es &#224; externaliser leurs responsabilit&#233;s en mati&#232;re de gestion des migrations et de l'asile&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; L'externalisation des politiques d'immigration et d'asile de l'Union (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En d&#233;l&#233;guant en premier lieu les contr&#244;les frontaliers et les interceptions maritimes (Maroc, Libye, Turquie, Tunisie, ...), en souhaitant d&#233;l&#233;guer par la suite la d&#233;tention et/ou le traitement de l'asile (Rwanda, Albanie, lettre d'intention Pays-Bas/Ouganda 2025 visant la cr&#233;ation d'un &#171; centre de retour &#187; pour les demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile d&#233;bout&#233;&#183;e&#183;s), enfin en d&#233;localisant l'expulsion (Expulsion Tirana/Le Caire mai 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#8220;La prima operazione di rimpatrio del governo italiano direttamente (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;D'autre part, &lt;strong&gt;l'externalisation de l'asile a plus que jamais le vent en poupe&lt;/strong&gt;. Alors que les derniers projets en date allant dans ce sens (deal Royaume-Uni/Rwanda 2022, deal Italie/Albanie 2023) ont &#233;chou&#233;, sanctionn&#233;s par les juridictions nationales et europ&#233;ennes, le 15 mai 2024 15 &#201;tats membres ont fait parvenir une lettre &#224; la Commission europ&#233;enne, r&#233;clamant le d&#233;veloppement d'un syst&#232;me commun d'externalisation du traitement de l'asile, s'inspirant notamment du protocole Italie-Albanie, et poussant pour l'&#233;tablissement de &lt;strong&gt;&#171; centres de retour &#187; dans des &#171; pays tiers s&#251;rs &#187; vers lesquels les personnes renvoy&#233;es pourraient &#234;tre &#171; transf&#233;r&#233;es &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;. La Commission europ&#233;enne a de son c&#244;t&#233; qualifi&#233;, en d&#233;pit du bon sens et du droit international, la d&#233;localisation des proc&#233;dures d'asile vers des pays tiers de &#171; solution innovante &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ursula Von der Leyen a qualifi&#233; le protocole Italie-Albanie de 'pens&#233;e hors (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Enfin, s'appuyant sur les discussions autour du r&#232;glement retour, cinq pays membres de l'Union (l'Allemagne, les Pays-Bas, l'Autriche, le Danemark et la Gr&#232;ce) se sont sans tarder engouffr&#233;s dans la br&#232;che. Form&#233;s en coalition, ils se sont r&#233;unis le 5 mars 2026 en vue de &#171; mettre en &#339;uvre concr&#232;tement &#187; des &lt;strong&gt;camps externalis&#233;s hors UE pour y envoyer les personnes expuls&#233;es d'Europe&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Cinq pays de l'UE veulent cr&#233;er des plateformes de retour pour migrants (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Ils s'attellent d&#233;sormais &#224; n&#233;gocier avec des pays hors UE des accords formels ou informels dans ce sens.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Des attaques sans pr&#233;c&#233;dent contre l'&#201;tat de droit&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 22 mai 2025, neuf &#201;tats membres de l'UE (l'Italie, le Danemark, l'Autriche, la Belgique, la Tch&#233;quie, l'Estonie, la Lettonie, la Lituanie et la Pologne) ont sign&#233; une &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/Lettera_aperta_22052025.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;lettre ouverte&lt;/a&gt; appelant &#224; &#171; &lt;i&gt;lancer une discussion nouvelle et ouverte d'esprit au sujet de l'interpr&#233;tation de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme&lt;/i&gt; &#187;. Les &#201;tats signataires critiquent l'interpr&#233;tation trop large de la Convention par la Cour europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, en mati&#232;re d'immigration, notamment en ce qui concerne l'interdiction de soumettre une personne relevant de leur juridiction &#224; des peines ou des traitements inhumains ou d&#233;gradants (art. 3) - dont le caract&#232;re est pourtant absolu et ne souffre aucune exception&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Cour EDH, Arr&#234;t Soering c/ Royaume-Uni], 1989&#034; id=&#034;nh5-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; -, ou la protection de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale (art. 8). Par cette attaque frontale du pouvoir judiciaire, ces &#201;tats r&#233;clament en r&#233;alit&#233; davantage de souplesse pour se d&#233;partir des garanties basiques en droit des &#233;trangers&#8230;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les initiatives l&#233;gislatives de ces derniers mois refl&#232;tent la v&lt;strong&gt;olont&#233; assum&#233;e des &#201;tats membres de s'affranchir du droit europ&#233;en tel qu'il existe actuellement, qui fait pour l'instant obstacle &#8211; du moins en th&#233;orie &#8211; &#224; la violation de leurs obligations internationales&lt;/strong&gt;, le but &#233;tant de se doter d'un nouveau cadre juridique pour pouvoir se d&#233;faire sans difficult&#233;s de leurs responsabilit&#233;s en mati&#232;re migratoire. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Reste l'espoir que ces vell&#233;it&#233;s attentatoires aux droits soient sanctionn&#233;es durant les n&#233;gociations en trilogue et/ou &#224; terme par les juridictions europ&#233;ennes&#8230;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Alors que le droit de l'Union est cens&#233; prot&#233;ger les droits individuels et &#234;tre garant des libert&#233;s, il s'emploie depuis des d&#233;cennies &#224; les pi&#233;tiner au nom d'une &#171; menace migratoire &#187; fantasm&#233;e. Dans le sillage du Pacte europ&#233;en et des autres r&#233;formes &#224; venir (ren&#233;gociation directive Facilitation, amendement r&#232;glement Frontex), de nouvelles lignes rouges ont &#233;t&#233; franchies, et &lt;strong&gt;le r&#232;glement retour ent&#233;rine le remodelage du droit de l'Union en vue de l'adapter &#224; l'id&#233;ologie raciste, anti-migratoire et anti-d&#233;mocratique &lt;/strong&gt; qui pr&#233;vaut &#224; l'&#233;chelle europ&#233;enne et bien au-del&#224;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cette politique assum&#233;e d'enfermement massif et d'externalisation confirme - s'il le fallait encore - l'assise de la politique de dissuasion, coercition et criminalisation au sein de l'Union, contre laquelle se bat Migreurop depuis 20 ans. Plus que jamais, le r&#233;seau et ses membres r&#233;it&#232;rent leur engagement en faveur du respect des droits des personnes exil&#233;es et contre ce narratif de haine. Migreurop continuera d'&#339;uvrer en vue d'&#233;largir les imaginaires collectifs pour penser d'autres politiques migratoires, radicalement diff&#233;rentes, r&#233;solument inclusives, solidaires, d&#233;coloniales, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;s'articulant autour de la libert&#233; de circulation et d'installation pour tou&#183;te&#183;s, et &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ax&#233;es sur le strict respect des droits.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3111.html&#034;&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur l'asile et la migration : positionnement de Migreurop et analyse juridique &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, positionnement Migreurop, 5 d&#233;cembre 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Adopt&#233; en avril 2024, le pacte europ&#233;en asile et migration entrera en application en juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article2693.html&#034;&gt;La campagne 'Open Access Now' laisse place &#224; la mobilisation 'Close the Camps' &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Migreurop, 23 mai 2016&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3211.html&#034;&gt;Contr&#244;ler &#187; les migrations : entre laisser-mourir et permis de tuer&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Communiqu&#233; Migreurop, 27 octobre 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://static.euobserver.com/2026/03/EUobserver-Return-Regulation_Alternative-Compromise-Amendment-Copy-1.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://static.euobserver.com/2026/03/EUobserver-Return-Regulation_Alternative-Compromise-Amendment-Copy-1.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Les motifs de d&#233;tention sont &#233;tendus au risque de fuite, &#224; l'entrave &#224; la proc&#233;dure de renvoi, aux &#171; risques pour la s&#233;curit&#233; &#187;, &#224; la n&#233;cessit&#233; de d&#233;terminer ou de v&#233;rifier l'identit&#233; et la nationalit&#233;, ou au non-respect des mesures dites alternatives &#224; la r&#233;tention, y compris le manque de coop&#233;ration pour l'obtention des documents de voyage, ou tout autre facteur pertinent indiquant que la d&#233;tention est n&#233;cessaire pour garantir un retour rapide et efficace&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Cf. art. 3 Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Consid&#233;rant 20 : &#171; La dur&#233;e d'une interdiction d'entr&#233;e doit &#234;tre d&#233;termin&#233;e en tenant d&#251;ment compte de toutes les circonstances pertinentes du cas d'esp&#232;ce &#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Notamment en &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70181/amnesty-international-denonce-un-climat-de-peur-generalisee-chez-les-migrants-en-egypte&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#201;gypte&lt;/a&gt;, au &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/racisme-au-maghreb-l-alarmante-proliferation-de-la-theorie-du-grand-remplacement_233770&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Maroc&lt;/a&gt;, et en &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/cultures-monde/la-traque-des-migrants-subsahariens-1012753&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.unhcr.org/fr-fr/editions/note-generale-sur-la-notion-de-pays-et-sur-le-statut-de-refugie&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Note g&#233;n&#233;rale sur la notion de pays et sur le statut de r&#233;fugi&#233;&lt;/a&gt;, EC/SCP/68, HCR, 26 juillet 1991&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/notes_plaidoyer_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;&#171; L'externalisation des politiques d'immigration et d'asile de l'Union europ&#233;enne &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Note de plaidoyer Migreurop, 1er semestre 2019&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://altreconomia.it/il-primo-rimpatrio-italiano-di-migranti-irregolari-direttamente-dallalbania/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La prima operazione di rimpatrio del governo italiano direttamente dall'Albania&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, Altreeconomia, 23 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Ursula Von der Leyen a qualifi&#233; le protocole Italie-Albanie de 'pens&#233;e hors des sentiers battus' (in &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/10/15/delocalisation-des-migrants-hors-de-lue-la-commission-europeenne-favorable-aux-centres-de-&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;D&#233;localisation des migrants hors de l&amp;apos ;UE : la Commission europ&#233;enne favorable aux centres de retour&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Euronews, 15 octobre 2024)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/03/06/cinq-pays-de-lue-veulent-creer-des-plateformes-de-retour-pour-migrants-hors-deurope&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Cinq pays de l'UE veulent cr&#233;er des plateformes de retour pour migrants hors d'Europ&lt;/a&gt;e &#187;, Euronews, 6 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Cour EDH, &lt;a href=&#034;https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-62176%22&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Arr&#234;t Soering c/ Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;}], 1989&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
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	</item>
<item xml:lang="it">
		<title>Un anno di detenzione per Moussa Tchangari: Migreurop chiede il suo immediato rilascio</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3495.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3495.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-12-04T10:32:15Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>it</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Niger&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Criminalisation des solidarit&#233;s&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Oggi ricorre un anno dall'arresto di Moussa Tchangari, Segretario generale dell'Associazione Alternative Espaces Citoyens Niger (AEC) &#8211; membro della rete Migreurop &#8211;, fermato nella sua abitazione al rientro da un viaggio internazionale. Da 365 giorni &#232; detenuto arbitrariamente dalle autorit&#224; nigerine. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Moussa Tchangari &#232; una figura riconosciuta della societ&#224; civile nigerina, impegnata dagli anni '90 per la giustizia sociale e la democrazia in Niger. &#200; detenuto e perseguito sulla base di (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique456.html" rel="directory"&gt;Communiqu&#233;s Migreurop&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot185.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Niger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot172.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Criminalisation des solidarit&#233;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH113/whatsapp_image_2025-11-16_a_18_29_25_ed53afde-cde57.jpg?1764844368' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='113' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Oggi ricorre un anno dall'arresto di Moussa Tchangari, Segretario generale dell'Associazione Alternative Espaces Citoyens Niger (AEC) &#8211; membro della rete Migreurop &#8211;, fermato nella sua abitazione al rientro da un viaggio internazionale. Da 365 giorni &#232; detenuto arbitrariamente dalle autorit&#224; nigerine.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Moussa Tchangari &#232; una figura riconosciuta della societ&#224; civile nigerina, impegnata dagli anni '90 per la giustizia sociale e la democrazia in Niger. &#200; detenuto e perseguito sulla base di accuse infondate, unicamente per aver esercitato il suo diritto alla libert&#224; di espressione e denunciato misure governative lesive delle libert&#224; democratiche.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Il 3 gennaio 2025, il tribunale di grande istanza di Niamey lo ha incriminato per reati estremamente gravi, tra cui &#8220;associazione a delinquere in relazione con un'impresa terroristica&#8221;, &#8220;attentato alla difesa nazionale&#8221; e &#8220;complotto contro l'autorit&#224; dello Stato in intelligenza con potenze nemiche&#8221;.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Da allora &#232; incarcerato nella prigione di Filingu&#233;, a quasi 200 km da Niamey. In base al codice penale nigerino, le accuse legate al terrorismo possono comportare fino a quattro anni di detenzione preventiva non rinnovabile. Se riconosciuto colpevole di complotto in intelligenza con potenze nemiche, rischia la pena di morte. Inoltre, Moussa Tchangari rischia la revoca della cittadinanza nigerina per le accuse di terrorismo a suo carico. In Niger, come in molti altri paesi, le accuse di &#8220;terrorismo&#8221; vengono utilizzate da governi autoritari per reprimere le libert&#224; democratiche e le iniziative della societ&#224; civile.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A marzo e poi a maggio 2025, i suoi avvocati hanno presentato diversi ricorsi, tra cui una richiesta di annullamento della procedura e un'istanza di ricusazione della camera specializzata in affari di terrorismo e criminalit&#224; organizzata. Tutti questi ricorsi sono stati respinti. L'ultima audizione di Moussa Tchangari si &#232; tenuta il 22 ottobre, ma il 24 ottobre 2025 &#232; stata annunciata la chiusura dell'istruzione.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Noi, difensori e difensore dei diritti membri della rete Migreurop, esprimiamo la nostra profonda preoccupazione e indignazione di fronte alla sua incriminazione abusiva e alla sua detenzione arbitraria. Questa interminabile detenzione preventiva costituisce una flagrante violazione dei suoi diritti fondamentali, mirata unicamente a soffocare le voci dissidenti in un contesto politico autoritario. Di fronte a questi metodi repressivi inaccettabili, chiediamo la liberazione immediata di Moussa Tchangari.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mentre gli attacchi contro i diritti umani, la solidariet&#224; e la libert&#224; di espressione si fanno sempre pi&#249; frequenti, l'intimidazione e la feroce repressione che subiscono i difensori dei diritti &#8211; in Niger come altrove &#8211; non fanno che confermare la giustezza delle nostre lotte per il rispetto dei diritti e della democrazia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Parigi, 3 dicembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&#034;spip_document_5710 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_video spip_document_avec_legende&#034; data-legende-len=&#034;65&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;xx&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;div class=&#034;video-intrinsic-wrapper&#034; style='height:0;width:848px;max-width:100%;padding-bottom:56.37%;position:relative;'&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;video-wrapper&#034; style=&#034;position: absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;&#034;&gt; &lt;video class=&#034;mejs mejs-5710&#034; data-id=&#034;123808b8bebcc1cfb16d9c75914cb1e7&#034; data-mejsoptions='{&#034;iconSprite&#034;: &#034;plugins-dist/medias/lib/mejs/mejs-controls.svg&#034;,&#034;alwaysShowControls&#034;: true,&#034;pluginPath&#034;:&#034;plugins-dist/medias/lib/mejs/&#034;,&#034;loop&#034;:false,&#034;videoWidth&#034;:&#034;100%&#034;,&#034;videoHeight&#034;:&#034;100%&#034;,&#034;duration&#034;:11}' width=&#034;100%&#034; height=&#034;100%&#034; controls=&#034;controls&#034; preload=&#034;none&#034; &gt; &lt;source type=&#034;video/mp4&#034; src='https://migreurop.org/IMG/mp4/free_moussa_tchangari-3.mp4' /&gt; &lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L64xH64/mp4-d7cc4-f1e42.svg?1791298160' width='64' height='64' alt='Impossible de lire la video' /&gt; &lt;/video&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Free Moussa Tchangari - Migreurop members, Rabat, octobre 2025.
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;div class=&#034;base64javascript4513300226ad095ac714a38.89024762&#034; title=&#034;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&#034;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="es">
		<title>Un a&#241;o de detenci&#243;n de Moussa Tchangari: Migreurop exige su liberaci&#243;n inmediata</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3496.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3496.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-12-04T10:32:08Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>es</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Niger&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Criminalisation des solidarit&#233;s&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Hoy se cumple un a&#241;o desde que Moussa Tchangari, Secretario General de la Asociaci&#243;n Alternative Espaces Citoyens N&#237;ger (AEC) &#8211; miembro de la red Migreurop &#8211;, fue detenido en su domicilio a su regreso de un viaje internacional. Desde hace 365 d&#237;as est&#225; recluido de manera arbitraria por las autoridades nigerinas. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Moussa Tchangari es una figura reconocida de la sociedad civil nigerina, que desde la d&#233;cada de 1990 trabaja por la justicia social y la democracia en N&#237;ger. Est&#225; detenido y (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique456.html" rel="directory"&gt;Communiqu&#233;s Migreurop&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot185.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Niger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot172.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Criminalisation des solidarit&#233;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH113/whatsapp_image_2025-11-16_a_18_29_25_ed53afde-2-f3130.jpg?1764844368' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='113' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hoy se cumple un a&#241;o desde que Moussa Tchangari, Secretario General de la Asociaci&#243;n Alternative Espaces Citoyens N&#237;ger (AEC) &#8211; miembro de la red Migreurop &#8211;, fue detenido en su domicilio a su regreso de un viaje internacional. Desde hace 365 d&#237;as est&#225; recluido de manera arbitraria por las autoridades nigerinas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Moussa Tchangari es una figura reconocida de la sociedad civil nigerina, que desde la d&#233;cada de 1990 trabaja por la justicia social y la democracia en N&#237;ger. Est&#225; detenido y procesado sobre la base de acusaciones infundadas, &#250;nicamente por haber ejercido su derecho a la libertad de expresi&#243;n y por denunciar medidas gubernamentales que atentan contra las libertades democr&#225;ticas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El 3 de enero de 2025, el tribunal de gran instancia de Niamey lo imput&#243; por delitos extremadamente graves, entre ellos &#8220;asociaci&#243;n de malhechores en relaci&#243;n con una empresa terrorista&#8221;, &#8220;atentado contra la defensa nacional&#8221; y &#8220;complot contra la autoridad del Estado en connivencia con potencias enemigas&#8221;.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Desde entonces est&#225; encarcelado en la prisi&#243;n de Filingu&#233;, a casi 200 km de Niamey. Seg&#250;n el c&#243;digo penal nigerino, las acusaciones relacionadas con el terrorismo pueden conllevar hasta cuatro a&#241;os de detenci&#243;n preventiva no renovable. Si es declarado culpable de complot en connivencia con potencias enemigas, se enfrenta a la pena de muerte. Adem&#225;s, Moussa Tchangari podr&#237;a ser despojado de su nacionalidad nigerina debido a las acusaciones de terrorismo que pesan en su contra. En N&#237;ger, como en muchos otros pa&#237;ses, las acusaciones de &#8220;terrorismo&#8221; son utilizadas por gobiernos autoritarios para reprimir las libertades democr&#225;ticas y las iniciativas de la sociedad civil.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En marzo y luego en mayo de 2025, sus abogados presentaron varios recursos, entre ellos una solicitud de anulaci&#243;n del procedimiento, as&#237; como una petici&#243;n de recusaci&#243;n de la sala especializada en casos de terrorismo y delincuencia organizada. Todos estos recursos fueron rechazados. La &#250;ltima audiencia de Moussa Tchangari tuvo lugar el 22 de octubre, y el 24 de octubre de 2025 se anunci&#243; el cierre de la instrucci&#243;n.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nosotras y nosotros, defensores y defensoras de los derechos miembros de la red Migreurop, expresamos nuestra profunda preocupaci&#243;n e indignaci&#243;n ante su acusaci&#243;n abusiva y su detenci&#243;n arbitraria. Esta interminable detenci&#243;n preventiva constituye una flagrante violaci&#243;n de sus derechos m&#225;s fundamentales, cuyo &#250;nico fin es silenciar las voces disidentes en un contexto pol&#237;tico autoritario. Ante estos m&#233;todos represivos inaceptables, exigimos la liberaci&#243;n inmediata de Moussa Tchangari.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mientras los ataques contra los derechos humanos, la solidaridad y la libertad de expresi&#243;n son cada vez m&#225;s frecuentes, la intimidaci&#243;n y la feroz represi&#243;n que sufren los defensores de los derechos &#8211;en N&#237;ger como en otros lugares&#8211; no hacen sino confirmar la legitimidad de nuestras luchas en favor del respeto de los derechos y de la democracia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Par&#237;s, 3 de diciembre de 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&#034;spip_document_5711 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_video spip_document_avec_legende&#034; data-legende-len=&#034;65&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;xx&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;div class=&#034;video-intrinsic-wrapper&#034; style='height:0;width:848px;max-width:100%;padding-bottom:56.37%;position:relative;'&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;video-wrapper&#034; style=&#034;position: absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;&#034;&gt; &lt;video class=&#034;mejs mejs-5711&#034; data-id=&#034;8d0e6398031b55859c9caee19941f3ea&#034; data-mejsoptions='{&#034;iconSprite&#034;: &#034;plugins-dist/medias/lib/mejs/mejs-controls.svg&#034;,&#034;alwaysShowControls&#034;: true,&#034;pluginPath&#034;:&#034;plugins-dist/medias/lib/mejs/&#034;,&#034;loop&#034;:false,&#034;videoWidth&#034;:&#034;100%&#034;,&#034;videoHeight&#034;:&#034;100%&#034;,&#034;duration&#034;:11}' width=&#034;100%&#034; height=&#034;100%&#034; controls=&#034;controls&#034; preload=&#034;none&#034; &gt; &lt;source type=&#034;video/mp4&#034; src='https://migreurop.org/IMG/mp4/free_moussa_tchangari-4.mp4' /&gt; &lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L64xH64/mp4-d7cc4-f1e42.svg?1791298160' width='64' height='64' alt='Impossible de lire la video' /&gt; &lt;/video&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Free Moussa Tchangari - Migreurop members, Rabat, octobre 2025.
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;div class=&#034;base64javascript4513300226ad095ac714a38.89024762&#034; title=&#034;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&#034;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>One year of detention for Moussa Tchangari: Migreurop calls for his immediate release</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3494.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3494.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-12-03T17:00:39Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		



		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Today marks one year since Moussa Tchangari, Secretary General of the association Alternative Espaces Citoyens Niger (AEC) &#8211; a member of the Migreurop network &#8211; was arrested at his home upon returning from an international trip. He has now been arbitrarily detained by the Nigerien authorities for 365 days. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Moussa Tchangari is a well-known figure of Nigerien civil society who has been working since the 1990s for social justice and democracy in Niger. He is being detained and prosecuted on (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique456.html" rel="directory"&gt;Migreurop Statements&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH113/whatsapp_image_2025-11-16_a_18_29_25_ed53afde-3-0f8ba.jpg?1765212653' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='113' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Today marks one year since Moussa Tchangari, Secretary General of the association Alternative Espaces Citoyens Niger (AEC) &#8211; a member of the Migreurop network &#8211; was arrested at his home upon returning from an international trip. He has now been arbitrarily detained by the Nigerien authorities for 365 days.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Moussa Tchangari is a well-known figure of Nigerien civil society who has been working since the 1990s for social justice and democracy in Niger. He is being detained and prosecuted on unfounded charges, solely for exercising his right to freedom of expression and for denouncing government measures that undermine democratic freedoms.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 3 January 2025, the High Court of Niamey indicted him on extremely serious charges, including &#8220;criminal association in relation to a terrorist enterprise,&#8221; &#8220;undermining national defence,&#8221; and &#8220;conspiracy against State authority in collusion with enemy powers.&#8221;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
He has since been held in Filingu&#233; prison, nearly 200 km from Niamey. Under the Nigerien penal code, terrorism-related charges can lead to up to four years of non-renewable pre-trial detention. If found guilty of conspiracy in collusion with enemy powers, he faces the death penalty. In addition, Moussa Tchangari risks being stripped of his Nigerien nationality due to the terrorism charges brought against him. In Niger, as in many other countries, accusations of &#8220;terrorism&#8221; are used by authoritarian governments to suppress democratic freedoms and civil society initiatives.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In March and then in May 2025, his lawyers filed several appeals, including a request for the annulment of the proceedings and a petition to remove the specialised chamber dealing with terrorism and organised crime cases. All these appeals were rejected. The last hearing of Moussa Tchangari was held on 22 October, and on 24 October 2025 the closure of the investigation was announced.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;We, human rights defenders and members of the Migreurop network, express our deep concern and indignation at his abusive indictment and arbitrary detention. This endless pre-trial detention is a flagrant violation of his most fundamental rights and serves only to silence dissenting voices in an authoritarian political context. Faced with these unacceptable repressive methods, we call for the immediate release of Moussa Tchangari.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At a time when attacks on human rights, solidarity, and freedom of expression are becoming increasingly frequent, the intimidation and relentless repression faced by human rights defenders &#8211; in Niger and elsewhere &#8211; only further strengthen the legitimacy of our struggles for the respect of rights and democracy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Paris, 3 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&#034;spip_document_5709 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_video spip_document_avec_legende&#034; data-legende-len=&#034;65&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;xx&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;div class=&#034;video-intrinsic-wrapper&#034; style='height:0;width:848px;max-width:100%;padding-bottom:56.37%;position:relative;'&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;video-wrapper&#034; style=&#034;position: absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;&#034;&gt; &lt;video class=&#034;mejs mejs-5709&#034; data-id=&#034;5e83e5327978c1e3ee133ecc8d132178&#034; data-mejsoptions='{&#034;iconSprite&#034;: &#034;plugins-dist/medias/lib/mejs/mejs-controls.svg&#034;,&#034;alwaysShowControls&#034;: true,&#034;pluginPath&#034;:&#034;plugins-dist/medias/lib/mejs/&#034;,&#034;loop&#034;:false,&#034;videoWidth&#034;:&#034;100%&#034;,&#034;videoHeight&#034;:&#034;100%&#034;,&#034;duration&#034;:11}' width=&#034;100%&#034; height=&#034;100%&#034; controls=&#034;controls&#034; preload=&#034;none&#034; &gt; &lt;source type=&#034;video/mp4&#034; src='https://migreurop.org/IMG/mp4/free_moussa_tchangari-2.mp4' /&gt; &lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L64xH64/mp4-d7cc4-f1e42.svg?1791298160' width='64' height='64' alt='Impossible de lire la video' /&gt; &lt;/video&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Free Moussa Tchangari - Migreurop members, Rabat, octobre 2025.
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;div class=&#034;base64javascript4513300226ad095ac714a38.89024762&#034; title=&#034;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&#034;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Trial of Doros Polykarpou (KISA, Cyprus): the use of repeated legal proceedings to obstruct the defence of exiles' rights</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3364.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3364.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-02-11T09:02:50Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Cyprus</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Criminalisation of solidarities</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;The Migreurop network offers its full support to its Cypriot member Kisa and to Doros Polykarpou, on trial from today for his fight for the rights of people in exile, and for having sought to shed light on the conditions of detention in the Pournara camp in March 2022, alongside Migreurop. On 11 February 2025, Doros Polykarpou, a prominent human rights defender, co-founder of the Cypriot organisation KISA(Action for Equality, Support and Anti-Racism) and winner of the 2024 Front Line (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique456.html" rel="directory"&gt;Migreurop Statements&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot45.html" rel="tag"&gt;Cyprus&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot172.html" rel="tag"&gt;Criminalisation of solidarities&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L149xH150/dorosweb_0-2-58dbd.png?1739264949' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='149' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Migreurop network offers its full support to its Cypriot member Kisa and to Doros Polykarpou, on trial from today for his fight for the rights of people in exile, and for having sought to shed light on the conditions of detention in the Pournara camp in March 2022, alongside Migreurop.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 11 February 2025, Doros Polykarpou, a prominent human rights defender, co-founder of the Cypriot organisation &lt;a href=&#034;https://kisa.org.cy/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;KISA&lt;/a&gt;(Action for Equality, Support and Anti-Racism) and winner of the 2024 Front Line Defenders Award, appeared before the Nicosia District Court. He is charged with &#034;unlawful intrusion&#034; into the Pournara camp, &#034;disturbing the peace&#034;, &#034;insulting&#034; and &#034;assaulting&#034; two camp security guards in March 2022. If convicted, he could face up to three years in prison.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These charges follow Doros Polykarpou's visit to the Pournara camp on 12 March 2022, where he accompanied Brigitte Espuche, Migreurop's coordinator, to examine exiles' detention conditions. During this visit, Mr Polykarpou was insulted and physically assaulted by a private camp security guard, in the presence of Ms Espuche&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#034;Trial of human rights defender Doros Polykarpou, who is facing prison&#034;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. They both reported the assault to the local police, but their complaint was never investigated, the Public Prosecutor did not take any action against the aggressor security guard, and Migreurop's coordinator was never heard as a witness. Only the security guards' complaint was taken into account, leading to the current proceedings.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The trial was due to begin on 15 October 2024, but the judge decided to postpone it until 11 February 2025, because the Prosecutor had not provided Doros Polykarpou's defence lawyer with access to the audiovisual material recorded as evidence, despite a written request made in April 2024.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This trial comes against a backdrop of increasing intimidation, accusations, harassment and repeated attacks - including bombings - against KISA and its members over many years&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#034;State xenophobia and criminalisation of solidarity in Cyprus&#034;, Migreurop (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. It also reveals the increasing harassment of rights defenders who resist security-minded, repressive and racist migration policies.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Migreurop network strongly condemns the criminalisation of rights defenders. It expresses its deep concern for the recurrent criminal proceedings that target Mr Polykarpou, motivated by political considerations linked to his commitment and activities in defence of the rights of exiles in Cyprus. Migreurop calls on the Cypriot authorities to drop all charges against Doros Polykarpou, and to ensure that human rights defenders can carry out their work without fear of intimidation or reprisals.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Paris, 11 February 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Photo &#169;Front Line Defenders&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/fr/case/human-rights-defender-doros-polykarpou-trial-possibility-imprisonment&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Trial of human rights defender Doros Polykarpou, who is facing prison&lt;/a&gt;&#034;, Front Line Defenders press release, 15, October 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3024.html?lang_article=en&#034;&gt;State xenophobia and criminalisation of solidarity in Cyprus&lt;/a&gt;&#034;, Migreurop press release, 19 January 2021; &#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3233.html?lang_article=en&#034;&gt;41 organisations call on the Cypriot authorities to take action to stop the escalating harassment and attacks against KISA and protect civic space in Cyprus&lt;/a&gt;&#034;, Collective action, 15 February 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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<item xml:lang="it">
		<title>Comunicato a sostegno di Moussa Tchangari</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3324.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3324.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-01-13T12:24:45Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>it</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Niger&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Criminalisation des solidarit&#233;s&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Chiediamo il rilascio immediato di Moussa Tchangari, difensore dei diritti umani e Segretario Generale dell'associazione Alternative Espaces Citoyens (AEC), incarcerato il 3 gennaio 2025 dopo un mese di custodia cautelare. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; Moussa Tchangari &#232; stato arrestato nella sua abitazione il 3 dicembre 2024 al suo ritorno da un viaggio internazionale. Accusato di minare la sicurezza dello Stato, associazione a delinquere in relazione al terrorismo e apologia di terrorismo, ha trascorso un mese in (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique456.html" rel="directory"&gt;Communiqu&#233;s Migreurop&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot185.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Niger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot172.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Criminalisation des solidarit&#233;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH149/image_3_-4-df6c6.png?1736790419' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='149' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chiediamo il rilascio immediato di Moussa Tchangari, difensore dei diritti umani e Segretario Generale dell'associazione Alternative Espaces Citoyens (AEC), incarcerato il 3 gennaio 2025 dopo un mese di custodia cautelare.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Moussa Tchangari &#232; stato arrestato nella sua abitazione il 3 dicembre 2024 al suo ritorno da un viaggio internazionale. Accusato di minare la sicurezza dello Stato, associazione a delinquere in relazione al terrorismo e apologia di terrorismo, ha trascorso un mese in custodia cautelare prima di essere presentato al giudice istruttore a Niamey il 3 gennaio 2025. Il decano ha deciso di incarcerarlo nella prigione di Filingu&#233;, portandolo a quasi 200 chilometri da Niamey e aggiungendo due accuse estremamente gravi al suo dossier: attentato alla difesa nazionale e cospirazione con potenze nemiche. Moussa Tchangari rischia l'ergastolo o addirittura la pena di morte. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Noi, organizzazioni firmatarie per i diritti umani e suoi sostenitori, sottolineiamo l'assenza di prove o elementi a sostegno delle accuse e esprimiamo la nostra profonda preoccupazione e indignazione per il suo arresto, incriminazione e incarcerazione arbitrari.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ricordiamo che Moussa Tchangari &#232; una figura importante della societ&#224; civile del Niger da decenni, un attivista integro che lavora per la difesa dei diritti umani, in particolare dei migranti. Ribadiamo il nostro appello per il suo rilascio immediato e avvertiamo dell'aumento della repressione che colpisce la societ&#224; civile in Niger e dell'intimidazione incessante a cui sono sottoposti i difensori dei diritti umani. Infine, ricordiamo che gli attacchi ai diritti umani e alla solidariet&#224;, cos&#236; come al dibattito pubblico, sono sempre pi&#249; frequenti in Niger e a livello internazionale.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Come attori della societ&#224; civile, continueremo a lottare per la difesa dei diritti di tutti, affinch&#233; la migrazione e la solidariet&#224; non siano pi&#249; criminalizzate in Niger e altrove, e affinch&#233; Moussa Tchangari riacquisti finalmente la libert&#224;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Elenco dei primi firmatari:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ACAT-France &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
AEC - Alternative Espaces Citoyens&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
AMDH - Association Marocaine des Droits Humains&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Anaf&#233; - Association nationale d'assistance aux fronti&#232;res pour les personnes &#233;trang&#232;res&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
APDHA - Asociaci&#243;n Pro Derechos Humanos de Andaluc&#237;a&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
ARACEM&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
ARCI&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n ELIN&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
ASGI - Associazione per gli studi giuridici sull'immigrazione &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
CNCD-11.11.11&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Collectif Loujna-Tounkarank&#233;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
CRID&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Emma&#252;s Europe&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Emma&#252;s International&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Emma&#252;s Roya&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
F&#233;d&#233;ration internationale pour les droits humains (FIDH), dans le cadre de l'Observatoire pour la Protection des D&#233;fenseurs des Droits Humains&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
FMAS - Forum des Alternatives Maroc &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
FTCR - Pour une citoyennet&#233; des deux rives&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La Cimade&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Ligue des Droits de l'Homme&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Migreurop&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
MRAP - Mouvement contre le racisme et pour l'amiti&#233; entre les peuples&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
NigerVara&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Organisation mondiale contre la torture (OMCT), dans le cadre de l'Observatoire pour la Protection des D&#233;fenseurs des Droits Humains&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Acoge&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Statewatch &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
FTDES&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#9999; Se desiderate firmare questo comunicato come organizzazione, scrivete a contact@migreurop.org.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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