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	<title>MIGREUROP</title>
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		<title>Press Review July 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3608.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3608.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-08-04T11:04:48Z</dc:date>
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		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Autriche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Spain</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Greece</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Ukraine</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation of borders</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Forced returns</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Africa &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Atlantic Route &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&#183;	RFI, &#171; Mauritanie: un total de 144 morts ou disparus sur la route migratoire vers les Canaries &#187;, 24 July 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
On 21 July, 144 people died or went missing when their boat sank off the coast of Mauritania. They had set out from The Gambia to reach the Canary Islands. The Atlantic route is one of the most dangerous migration routes, particularly because the departure points on the west coast of Africa are shifting ever further south, which increases the distance (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot207.html" rel="tag"&gt;Autriche&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot19.html" rel="tag"&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot21.html" rel="tag"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;, 
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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot200.html" rel="tag"&gt;Ukraine&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation of borders&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Forced returns&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/7-3-2-265f6.png?1785841641' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Africa&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Africa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Atlantic Route&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Atlantic Route&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisia&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;EU Member states&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;EU Member states&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Austria&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Austria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Ceuta&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Ceuta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Greece&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;European countries non EU members&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;European countries non EU (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Ukraine/EU&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Ukraine/EU&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;European Union&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;European Union&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Frontex&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_11'&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;&#171; Remigration &#187;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_12'&gt;&#171; Remigration &#187;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Africa&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Atlantic Route&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#183;	&lt;i&gt;RFI, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20260722-mauritanie-un-total-de-144-morts-ou-disparus-sur-la-route-migratoire-vers-les-canariesa&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritanie: un total de 144 morts ou disparus sur la route migratoire vers les Canaries&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 24 July 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 21 July, 144 people died or went missing when their boat sank off the coast of Mauritania. They had set out from The Gambia to reach the Canary Islands.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
The Atlantic route is one of the most dangerous migration routes, particularly because the departure points on the west coast of Africa are shifting ever further south, which increases the distance to be travelled. Whilst a few years ago the main departure points were Mauritania and northern Senegal, today many people seeking to reach Europe are now setting sail further south, from Casamance, The Gambia or Guinea&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See InfoMigrants on this subject &#171; Route des Canaries : plus de 150 migrants (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. This is due to the tightening of coastal controls, raids and mass deportations carried out in the aforementioned countries, as part of migration partnerships with the European Union&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further information, see the European Commission's factsheets on (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. the aim of which is to delegate the repression of exiles in order to prevent them from reaching European shores. This shipwreck is yet another illustration of the fact that repressive migration policies kill.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#183;	Nawaat, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://nawaat.org/2026/07/14/migrants-tortures-la-tunisie-accusee-lue-complice/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrants tortur&#233;s : la Tunisie accus&#233;e, l'UE complice&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 14 July 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For the first time, Tunisia will have to answer before an international court for the systematic violations of the rights of exiles committed on its territory. Four migrants, represented by lawyers from the Italian association ASGI &#8211; a member of Migreurop &#8211; and by lawyer Ibrahim Belguith, have filed four applications with the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights. They allege serious crimes committed by the Tunisian authorities, such as arbitrary detention, torture, forced returns to the desert, as well as racial and gender discrimination. The aim is to secure recognition of Tunisia's international responsibility for violations of the rights guaranteed by the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Although only four people have so far agreed to bring legal proceedings, their testimonies are representative of a fate shared by thousands of other exiles. It is this systemic nature of the rights violations that the petition seeks to have recognised&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further reading, see Amnesty International, &#8216;Tunisia: Refugees and (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, as well as the central role played by the European Union through its border externalisation policy. The petition emphasises that the abuses reported are made possible by the material, technical and financial support the EU provides to the Tunisian authorities. ASGI calls on the EU to end its migration partnership with Tunisia and to no longer consider that country a &#8216;safe' destination for people on the move&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular ASGI, &#8216;Tunisia before the African Court on Human and (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;EU Member states&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Austria&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#183;	&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/72646/austria-government-celebrates-deporting-more-people-than-receiving-newly-filed-asylum-applications&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Austria: Government celebrates deporting more people than receiving newly filed asylum applications&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 24 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For the first time in 20 years, the number of deportations of exiles (2,200) has exceeded the number of asylum applications (2,106) in Austria. Among the reasons for this trend are said to be the tightening of European border controls following the entry into force of the European Pact on Migration and Asylum (2024), increased national border controls, and the restrictions introduced on family reunification (2025, 2026).&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
For years, Austria has pursued a repressive migration policy, which has become even harsher since the current government took office in 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the &#8216;Austria' factsheet in OECD, &#8216;International Migration (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The approach adopted by this new coalition is fully in line with the European trend, with the country prioritising deportation at all costs in its immigration policy. It is hardly surprising that the Minister of the Interior, Karner, describes the changes in the number of deportations and asylum applications as &#8216;appropriate and necessary', whilst recent migration measures flout Austria's obligations regarding protection. The suspension of family reunification in 2025, followed by the introduction of quotas on such reunification in 2026, constitutes a violation of the right to family life&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard InfoMigrants, &#8216;limits refugee family reunification under (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Austria was also one of the first EU Member States to announce, as early as December 2024, the suspension of the examination of asylum applications submitted by Syrian nationals, with the revocation, in 2025, of refugee status for many of them&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, on this subject, France24, &#8216;&#8220;We're all afraid&#8221;: Austria moves to deport (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The year 2025 also marked the start of deportations to Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Politico, &#8220;Austria deports first person to Afghanistan (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Finally, the country is one of five EU Member States considering the establishment of externalised camps outside the EU as part of joint initiatives&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also Amnesty International, &#8220;The EU is violating human rights by using (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ceuta&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#183;	InfoMigrants, &#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/72776/environ-60-000-migrants-ont-traverse-la-frontiere-entre-le-maroc-et-ceuta-en-24-heures&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Environ 60 000 migrants ont travers&#233; la fronti&#232;re entre le Maroc et Ceuta en 24 heures&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, le 31 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Between 30 and 31 July, around 60,000 people are reported to have crossed the border into Ceuta &#8211; a European colonial remnant under Spanish control situated on the African continent &#8211; from Morocco, mainly by sea, thereby asserting their right to freedom of movement. Dozens of people are reported to have died in the process, and more than half of those who arrived are said to have already been forcibly returned to Morocco, in breach of international law (the principle of non-refoulement) and Spanish legislation ( &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.poderjudicial.es/portal/site/cgpj/menuitem.65d2c4456b6ddb628e635fc1dc432ea0/? vgnextoid=a55381836b14f910VgnVCM1000004648ac0aRCRD&amp;vgnextchannel=ccc9c38cb605c210VgnVCM100000cb34e20aRCRD&amp; vgnextfmt=default&amp;vgnextlocale=ca&amp;lang_choosen=ca&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Spanish Supreme Court ruling, 8 July 2026&lt;/a&gt;). Faced with what is being portrayed as yet another &#8216;migration crisis', Spain has denounced a &#8216;violation of [its] territorial integrity by criminal networks' and deployed the army to support the Guardia Civil, whilst the European Union has offered the support of the Frontex agency.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Whilst Europe's right-wing parties are crying &#8220;invasion&#8221;&#8212;allegedly caused by the Spanish government's lax approach and its regularisation programme (even though this programme has now ended, and those who arrived in Ceuta would not have been eligible for it in any case)&#8212;it is precisely the EU's policy of externalisation that is at the root of this situation. By delegating the management of migration to third countries &#8211; which are often authoritarian &#8211; the EU is turning those wishing to reach its territory into pawns in the hands of governments which, as the flip side of border externalisation, wield significant political leverage against a Europe plagued by growing racism, a Europe prepared to do anything to keep people on the move away from its borders&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further reading, see the press release from the Spanish Commission for (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
The social unrest driving Moroccan citizens to exercise their right to freedom of movement (with youth unemployment at 37 per cent) has been turned into a tool for geopolitical pressure, with both Morocco and the far right having no qualms about exploiting these migratory movements to serve their own interests.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
This heavily publicised episode speaks to us of a phobia of migration, overt racism and European isolationism, in a deeply unequal world. Responding to this thirst for freedom of movement through the militarisation of borders and the acceleration of forced returns in breach of national&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Even though the Spanish Supreme Court ruled on 8 July 2026 that people (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; and international law, has, however, proven to be both ineffective and dangerous for decades. Far from curbing migratory movements, these detached responses only lead to further tragedies and systematic violations of the rights of those seeking asylum.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;France&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#183;	&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2026/07/08/mouvements-migratoires-un-rapport-d-enquete-etrille-la-politique-gouvernementale-a-la-frontiere-franco-britannique_6721821_3224.html?srsltid=AfmBOopdBDemqN7aOir2si0Yar-beJ_FMYP4f6UARGEm9BrqSJH5MlSE&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mouvements migratoires : un rapport d'enqu&#234;te &#233;trille la politique gouvernementale &#224; la fronti&#232;re franco-britannique&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 8 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 8 July, a French parliamentary committee of inquiry published a &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/rapports/cetouq/l17b2998-t1_rapport-enquete&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;report&lt;/a&gt; condemning the harmful consequences of &#8216;border management' policies on the Franco-British border, following the conclusion in 2003 of the &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000000248992?__cf_chl_tk=u7IZ7IGX1oWA5AZeGa6v_nR4ZQaOWkyTYtl2eXingP0-1784537078-1.0.1.1-gfUZy0AcqgIhzIqL2PWuwYIBYzQ9CINNRVQF8wchhd0&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Le Touquet agreements&lt;/a&gt; between France and the United Kingdom. These agreements enshrine the outsourcing of border controls on French territory: since 2003, the UK has been making financial contributions to France in return for repressive policies on French territory aimed at preventing attempts to cross the border. It is within this very same logic that the successive agreements signed by the two countries (the Sandhurst agreements, &#8216;One in, one out') are situated. The report highlights the ineffectiveness of these agreements in relation to their stated objective of curbing migration: they have merely resulted in a &#8216;low-profile humanitarian crisis' that &#8216;the French Republic is orchestrating on its own territory', without putting an end to attempts to cross the border. The Commission of Inquiry is calling for an end to this &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Indeed, the Franco-British agreements initially shifted migration routes to the sea and subsequently led to the &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ground-breaking-new-laws-to-stop-the-boats&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Stop the boats&lt;/a&gt;' policy (2023), which resulted in an increase in deaths from the summer of 2023 onwards&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Border Forensics, &#8216;How the &#8220;Stop the Boats&#8221; policy (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Franco-British cooperation has also led to a deliberate deterioration in the living conditions of exiles stranded at the border. Many of them live in informal settlements, with limited access to water, sanitation, food and healthcare, and are subjected to daily police harassment (violent dismantling of camps, use of tear gas, confiscation of personal belongings, physical assaults). This is carried out in the name of the &#8216;zero fixed points' policy, which aims to prevent living spaces from becoming permanently established at the border&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the latest reports from Human Rights Observers on this subject&#034; id=&#034;nh13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. By acknowledging the deadly consequences of these policies and calling for an end to them, the work of this commission &#8211; the first democratic assessment of public action carried out at this border &#8211; could mark a political turning point. It remains to be seen whether any real changes will be made, or whether, with the new &lt;a href=&#034;https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/fr/ip_26_1367&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;European Action Plan for the English Channel&lt;/a&gt; (2026), the situation will continue to deteriorate.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Greece &lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#183;	&lt;i&gt;Ekathimerini, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1308449/asylum-lawyers-to-get-bonus-for-talking-migrants-into-returning-home/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Asylum lawyers to get bonus for talking migrants into returning home&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, le 2 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A ministerial decree published on 2 July provides for a bonus of 250 euros for lawyers paid by the state to provide free legal advice to asylum seekers, should they succeed in persuading their clients to withdraw their applications for protection and return to their country of origin. This is part of the border procedure established under the European Pact on Migration and Asylum.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Greece is thus following Italy's example: the Italian government had attempted to introduce a similar measure in April 2026, before it was blocked by the President of the Republic on the grounds of unconstitutionality&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, *Il Post*, &#8216;Il governo ha messo una pezza alla norma sui (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. This scheme would indeed have undermined the independence of lawyers as well as migrants' right to a defence, which must be full, free and effectively accessible&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, the press release from the National Association of (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The Greek measure risks having the same serious consequences. Greek lawyers have condemned this provision, denouncing it as a breach of professional ethics. In a &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.olomeleia.gr/el/content/amesi-katargisi-diataxeon-tis-kya-gia-ti-metanasteysi-poy-plittoyn-ton-pyrina-toy&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;statement&lt;/a&gt;, the Co-ordinating Committee of the Plenary Assembly of the Greek Bar Associations considered that the introduction of financial incentives to serve political objectives is incompatible with the principles of the legal profession, such as client-solicitor confidentiality, professional independence and the duty to provide impartial advice. The Committee called for the immediate withdrawal of the measure and urged lawyers participating in the government's legal aid scheme for asylum seekers to suspend their participation in the scheme until the contested provisions of the decree have been repealed&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, on this subject, Dnews, &#8220;Greek Lawyers Refuse to Implement Decree (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;European countries non EU members&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ukraine/EU&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#183;	Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/07/15/l-union-europeenne-revoit-un-statut-de-protection-des-ukrainiens-qui-fuient-le-front_6723594_3210.html?srsltid=AfmBOoq1yzaHHb-qQqflmslJHWgSZg49mMb1KeVuF8S2btpvzQjIR2u7&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'Union europ&#233;enne revoit un statut de protection des Ukrainiens qui fuient le front&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 15 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The European Union has extended the &lt;a href=&#034;https://commission.europa.eu/topics/eu-solidarity-ukraine/eu-assistance-ukraine/information-people-fleeing-war-ukraine/fleeing-ukraine-your-rights-eu_fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;temporary protection&lt;/a&gt; status for Ukrainians until March 2028. However, at Kyiv's request, men who have not fulfilled their military obligations will be excluded from this scheme: Ukrainians aged between 23 and 60 fleeing the front line will therefore no longer be eligible for this protection. Furthermore, applicants for this status will be required, upon arrival on European territory, to present a passport bearing an exit stamp issued by the Ukrainian authorities, proving that they have left Ukraine legally and that they have fulfilled their military obligations. The aim is reportedly to &#8220;reconcile temporary protection with Ukraine's ability to ensure its own defence&#8221;.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Several human rights organisations have opposed this decision. In a &lt;a href=&#034;https://picum.org/blog/member-states-must-strengthen-the-protection-of-all-who-flee-ukraine-instead-of-excluding-thousands/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;statement&lt;/a&gt;, they condemn the introduction of a discriminatory exclusion criterion, which is not provided for in the Temporary Protection Directive (the grounds for exclusion do not include a lack of authorisation to leave Ukrainian territory) and runs counter to its spirit: eligibility should depend first and foremost on protection needs, rather than on the administrative rules governing departure from the country of origin. These organisations also point out that the European Commission appears to have provided only a limited analysis of the necessity and proportionality of the measure, without demonstrating how denying access to temporary protection would constitute the least restrictive means of achieving the stated objective of defending Ukraine. Whilst the EU had previously done for Ukrainian exiles what &#8216;it had long claimed was impossible &#8211; allowing their mobility and recognising their rights rather than seeking to block them at all costs'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Migreurop, &#8220;Selective Reception at European Borders: (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, it is now following the backlash that is already sweeping through several Member States, where the protection and assistance granted to Ukrainians are being scaled back. By making access to temporary protection conditional on compliance with an exit ban &#8211; the legality of which, in light of the right to leave any country (Article 12 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 2 of Protocol No. 4 to the European Convention on Human Rights), may be contested &#8211; the EU risks being held responsible for worsening the living conditions of Ukrainian men fleeing the war, and would be pushing them towards more dangerous migration routes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;European Union&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_11&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Frontex &lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#183;	Infomigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/72343/frontex-expected-to-be-given-more-powers-including-new-role-in-managing-return-hubs&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Frontex expected to be given more powers, including new role in managing return hubs'&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, le 10 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Oliver Onidi, the European Commission's Deputy Director-General for Migration and Home Affairs, recently confirmed&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Since 2025, EU Member States have been calling for Frontex to be given a (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; the EU's intention to allow Frontex (the European Border and Coast Guard Agency) to carry out coordinated removals between third countries and the EU, as part of the &#8216;return hubs' mechanism approved by the European Parliament in early June 2026&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also RFI, &#8216;Migration: the European Parliament adopts reform providing (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. This change would be based on an international agreement supported by the EU Member States and the European Parliament and would form part of the reform of Frontex's mandate, scheduled for the third quarter of 2026&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Statewatch, &#8216;Frontex mandate review 2026: violent border practices to be (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
The human rights violations committed by Frontex at the EU's borders (and beyond) over the years are well documented: pushbacks, failure to act when boats are in distress, and acts of violence, amongst others. Its cooperation with third countries in implementing repressive migration agreements (both formal and informal) between those countries and the EU continues with almost complete impunity&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;In 2025, the Court of Justice of the EU held Frontex liable for violations (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, and without any real consequences for the resulting human rights violations (see collaboration with the Libyan coastguard)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further information, see Anna Sibley, Gisti, Migreurop, &#8220;Frontex, the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Frontex's management of third-country-to-third-country removals would therefore constitute merely a further step in the externalisation of European &#8216;migration management'. Under the pretext of &#8216;pragmatism' and &#8216;efficiency', this project will only serve to enable and systematise further human rights violations outside the EU's borders. In places removed from public scrutiny and the direct jurisdiction of the EU, it will become more difficult (if not impossible) to ensure compliance with European and international standards on fundamental rights, and to make use of effective redress mechanisms to challenge the resulting rights violations and the policies that enable them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_12&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&#171; Remigration &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#183;	Euronews, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/07/23/petition-remigration-rejetee-par-la-commission-lextreme-droite-veut-poursuivre-lexecutif-e&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;P&#233;tition &#034;remigration&#034; rejet&#233;e par la Commission : l'extr&#234;me droite veut poursuivre l'ex&#233;cutif europ&#233;en&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 23 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The European Commission has rejected the citizens' initiative&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;The European Citizens' Initiative allows EU citizens who collect one million (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#8216;Save Europe Act', spearheaded by far-right activists and calling for the abolition of all &#8216;legal immigration routes' for third-country nationals, as well as the &#8216;remigration' of all people of foreign origin who are &#8216;not integrated' into EU Member States. The aim of the initiative was to combat a supposed &#8216;demographic replacement'. The Commission refused to register this initiative on the grounds that it would lead to discrimination based on ethnic origin, which would be &#8216;contrary to the values of the Union'.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
The fallacious concept of &#8216;remigration', which emerged in far-right identitarian circles in Europe around 2010, envisages the forced expulsion of people of foreign origin who are not white, and their descendants, to their countries of origin. This would take place in progressive stages: firstly, those without the right of residence; then those holding a residence permit and/or a work visa, but considered to be &#8216;an economic, criminal or cultural burden'; and finally, naturalised immigrants deemed &#8216;unassimilated', as they are suspected of &#8216;maintaining loyalty to foreign nations or radical religions'. This is a fascist, racist and Islamophobic project that contravenes international conventions, the aim of which is to rid the country of people deemed &#8216;undesirable'. In recent years, this concept has gained significant prominence, particularly from 2023 onwards, and has begun to be championed by parties such as the FP&#214; in Austria, the AfD in Germany, Vox in Spain, and Futuro Nazionale and the Lega in Italy&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, on this subject, Radio France, &#8216;&#8220;Remigration&#8221;, the new obsession of the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Whilst the European Commission has refused to register this initiative, specifically on the grounds of non-discrimination based on origin, several texts adopted in recent years by the European institutions, as well as several of the Union's policy decisions, nevertheless follow the same logic. Consider, for example, the Return Regulation, which organises the rounding up and deportation of people without the right to reside within the EU; the Migration and Asylum Pact; the concepts of &#8216;safe countries of origin' and &#8216;safe third countries', designed to restrict the right to asylum; or the negotiations between the EU and its Member States with the Taliban with a view to deporting Afghans to Afghanistan who are in so-called &#8216;irregular' administrative situations or who have committed serious offences. These are clear examples of the gradual imposition of far-right agendas at the highest levels of the European institutions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See InfoMigrants on this subject &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71426/route-des-canaries--plus-de-150-migrants-echouent-a-traverser-latlantique-depuis-la-gambie&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Route des Canaries : plus de 150 migrants &#233;chouent &#224; traverser l'Atlantique depuis la Gambie&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 18 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For further information, see the European Commission's factsheets on partnerships with &lt;a href=&#034;https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/countries/senegal_en&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Senegal&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&#034;https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/lt/ip_24_1335&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritania&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For further reading, see Amnesty International, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/07/tunisia-refugees-and-asylum-seekers-trapped-in-cycle-of-abuse-after-authorities-dismantle-crucial-safeguards/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisia: Refugees and asylum seekers trapped in cycle of abuse after authorities dismantle crucial safeguards&lt;/a&gt;', 2 July 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular ASGI, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.asgi.it/asilo-e-protezione-internazionale/tunisia-di-fronte-alla-corte-africana-per-i-diritti-umani-e-dei-popoli/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisia before the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights&lt;/a&gt;', 3 July 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the &#8216;Austria' factsheet in OECD, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.oecd.org/fr/publications/perspectives-des-migrations-internationales-2025_695789d1-fr/full-report/austria_2c63c246.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;International Migration Outlook 2025&lt;/a&gt;', 3 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard InfoMigrants, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/71504/austria-limits-refugee-family-reunification-under-new-quota-system&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;limits refugee family reunification under new quota system'&lt;/a&gt;, 21 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, on this subject, France24, &#8216;&#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250305-we-re-all-afraid-austria-moves-to-deport-syrian-refugees&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;We're all afraid&#8221;: Austria moves to deport Syrian refugees&lt;/a&gt;', 5 March 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Politico, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/austria-deport-first-person-afghanistan-taliban-takeover-christian-stocker/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Austria deports first person to Afghanistan since Taliban takeover&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 21 October 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also Amnesty International, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.ch/fr/themes/asile-et-migrations/return-hubs&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;The EU is violating human rights by using detention centres in third countries&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For further reading, see the press release from the Spanish Commission for Refugee Aid (CEAR), &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cear.es/noticias/garantizar-derechos-ceuta/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;CEAR calls on the Government to speed up its response and guarantee rights in Ceuta&lt;/a&gt;', 31 July 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Even though the Spanish Supreme Court ruled on 8 July 2026 that people arriving by sea cannot be subject to immediate removal, S&#225;nchez stated that this decision would not apply in this case&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Border Forensics, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.borderforensics.org/fr/enquetes/channel/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;How the &#8220;Stop the Boats&#8221; policy kills&lt;/a&gt;', 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the &lt;a href=&#034;https://humanrightsobservers.org/reports/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;latest reports&lt;/a&gt; from Human Rights Observers on this subject&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, *Il Post*, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/04/24/governo-decreto-sicurezza-modifica-incentivi-rimpatri/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Il governo ha messo una pezza alla norma sui rimpatri volontari&lt;/a&gt;', 24 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, the press release from the National Association of Italian Magistrates (ANM), &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.associazionemagistrati.it/doc/5077/sicurezza-sconcerto-per-attacco-a-diritto-di-difesa.htm&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Decreto Sicurezza: sconcerto per attacco a diritto di difesa&lt;/a&gt;', 18 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, on this subject, Dnews, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.dnews.gr/eidhseis/news-in-english/597950/greek-lawyers-refuse-to-implement-decree-offering-250-payments-for-asylum-seekers-voluntary-departures&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Greek Lawyers Refuse to Implement Decree Offering &#8364;250 Payments for Asylum Seekers' &#8216;Voluntary' Departures&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 5 July 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Migreurop, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3095.html&#034;&gt;Selective Reception at European Borders: Racism in Migration Policies&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 22 March 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Since 2025, EU Member States have been calling for Frontex to be given a role in the return hub system (already envisaged at the time), as well as for its role to be facilitated in the context of operations carried out in third countries outside the EU. See, on this subject, the European Parliament's Research Service briefing &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2026/785662/EPRS_BRI(2026)785662_EN.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Strengthening Frontex's mandate in border and migration management'&lt;/a&gt;, March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also RFI, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/en-bref/20260617-migration-le-parlement-europ%C3%A9en-adopte-la-r%C3%A9forme-pr%C3%A9voyant-des-hubs-de-retour&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migration: the European Parliament adopts reform providing for &#8220;return hubs&#8221;'&lt;/a&gt;, 17 June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Statewatch, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://statewatch.org/analyses/2026/frontex-mandate-review-2026-violent-border-practices-to-be-expanded-further/#toc-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Frontex mandate review 2026: violent border practices to be expanded further&lt;/a&gt;', 19 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;In 2025, the Court of Justice of the EU held Frontex liable for violations of the rights of exiled persons. See InfoMigrants, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68972/refoulement-greceturquie--frontex-jugee-responsable-par-la-cour-de-justice-de-lue&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Greece&#8211;Turkey pushbacks: Frontex held liable by the Court of Justice of the EU&lt;/a&gt;', 31 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For further information, see Anna Sibley, Gisti, Migreurop, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3472.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Frontex, the untouchable agent of migration intelligence&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 27 October 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://citizens-initiative.europa.eu/index_fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;The European Citizens' Initiative&lt;/a&gt; allows EU citizens who collect one million signatures in at least seven Member States to ask the Commission to legislate on a particular issue. Before any signatures can be collected, the initiative must be registered with the Commission: it was at this stage that the Commission rejected the &#8216;Save Europe Act'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, on this subject, Radio France, &#8216;&#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinfo/podcasts/le-choix-de-franceinfo/le-choix-franceinfo-du-mardi-30-juin-2026-2131921&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Remigration&#8221;, the new obsession of the European far right&lt;/a&gt;', 30 June 202 Act; and the Centre for the Study of Organised Hate, &#8216; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.csohate.org/2026/01/20/remigration/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Idea into the Political Mainstream&lt;/a&gt; ', 20 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Revue de presse juillet 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3607.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3607.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-08-04T11:04:35Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Autriche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Espagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Gr&#232;ce</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Ukraine</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation des fronti&#232;res</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Renvois forc&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Afrique &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Route atlantique &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&#183;	RFI, &#171; Mauritanie : un total de 144 morts ou disparus sur la route migratoire vers les Canaries &#187;, le 24 juillet 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Le 21 juillet, 144 personnes sont d&#233;c&#233;d&#233;es ou ont disparu lors du naufrage de leur embarcation au large de la Mauritanie. Elles &#233;taient parties de Gambie afin de rejoindre les Canaries. La route atlantique est l'une des routes migratoires les plus dangereuses, notamment du fait que les points de d&#233;part sur la c&#244;te occidentale de l'Afrique se (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Revues de presse&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot207.html" rel="tag"&gt;Autriche&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot19.html" rel="tag"&gt;Espagne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot21.html" rel="tag"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot200.html" rel="tag"&gt;Ukraine&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation des fronti&#232;res&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Renvois forc&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/7-3-3cf85.png?1785841635' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Afrique&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Afrique&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Route atlantique&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Route atlantique&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;&#201;tats membres de l'Union europ&#233;enne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;&#201;tats membres de l'Union (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Autriche&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Autriche&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Ceuta&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Ceuta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Gr&#232;ce&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Pays europ&#233;ens non-membres de l'Union europ&#233;enne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Pays europ&#233;ens non-membres (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Ukraine/UE&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Ukraine/UE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Union europ&#233;enne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;Union europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Frontex&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_11'&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;&#171; Remigration &#187;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_12'&gt;&#171; Remigration &amp;#187&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Afrique&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Route atlantique&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#183;	&lt;i&gt;RFI, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20260722-mauritanie-un-total-de-144-morts-ou-disparus-sur-la-route-migratoire-vers-les-canariesa&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritanie : un total de 144 morts ou disparus sur la route migratoire vers les Canaries&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 24 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 21 juillet, 144 personnes sont d&#233;c&#233;d&#233;es ou ont disparu lors du naufrage de leur embarcation au large de la Mauritanie. Elles &#233;taient parties de Gambie afin de rejoindre les Canaries.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La route atlantique est l'une des routes migratoires les plus dangereuses, notamment du fait que les points de d&#233;part sur la c&#244;te occidentale de l'Afrique se d&#233;placent toujours plus au sud, ce qui allonge la distance &#224; parcourir. S'il y a quelques ann&#233;es, les points de d&#233;part privil&#233;gi&#233;s &#233;taient la Mauritanie et le nord du S&#233;n&#233;gal, aujourd'hui de nombreuses personnes souhaitant rejoindre l'Europe prennent d&#233;sormais la mer plus au sud, depuis la Casamance, la Gambie ou la Guin&#233;e&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; Route des Canaries : plus de 150 migrants (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Cela s'explique par le renforcement des contr&#244;les c&#244;tiers, des rafles et des expulsions massives men&#233;s dans les pays susmentionn&#233;s, dans le cadre de partenariats migratoires avec l'Union europ&#233;enne&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour en savoir plus, voir les fiches de la Commission europ&#233;enne relatives (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, dont l'objectif est de d&#233;l&#233;guer la r&#233;pression envers les exil&#233;&#183;es afin d'&#233;viter qu'ils&#183;elles n'arrivent sur ses c&#244;tes europ&#233;ennes. Ce naufrage constitue une &#233;ni&#232;me illustration du fait que les politiques migratoires r&#233;pressives tuent.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#183;	Nawaat, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://nawaat.org/2026/07/14/migrants-tortures-la-tunisie-accusee-lue-complice/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrants tortur&#233;s : la Tunisie accus&#233;e, l'UE complice&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 14 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour la premi&#232;re fois, la Tunisie devra r&#233;pondre devant une juridiction internationale des violations syst&#233;matiques des droits des personnes exil&#233;es commises sur son territoire. Quatre personnes migrantes, repr&#233;sent&#233;es par les avocat&#183;es de l'association italienne ASGI, membre de Migreurop, et par l'avocat Ibrahim Belguith, ont d&#233;pos&#233; quatre requ&#234;tes devant la Cour africaine des droits de l'Homme et des peuples. Elles d&#233;noncent des crimes graves commis par les autorit&#233;s tunisiennes tels que des d&#233;tentions arbitraires, de la torture, des renvois forc&#233;s dans le d&#233;sert, ainsi que des discriminations raciales et de genre. L'objectif est de faire reconna&#238;tre la responsabilit&#233; internationale de la Tunisie pour les violations des droits garantis par la Charte africaine des droits de l'Homme et des peuples. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Si seules quatre personnes ont, &#224; ce jour, accept&#233; d'ester en justice, leurs t&#233;moignages sont repr&#233;sentatifs d'un sort partag&#233; par des milliers d'autres exil&#233;&#183;es. C'est ce caract&#232;re syst&#233;mique des violations des droits que la requ&#234;te entend faire reconna&#238;tre&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour aller plus loin, voir Amnesty International, &#171; Tunisie. Les autorit&#233;s (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, tout comme le r&#244;le central jou&#233; par l'Union europ&#233;enne &#224; travers sa politique d'externalisation des fronti&#232;res. La requ&#234;te souligne en effet que les faits d&#233;nonc&#233;s sont rendus possibles par le soutien mat&#233;riel, technique et financier que l'UE accorde aux autorit&#233;s tunisiennes. L'ASGI appelle l'Union &#224; mettre fin &#224; son partenariat migratoire avec la Tunisie, et &#224; ne plus consid&#233;rer ce pays comme un &#171; s&#251;r &#187; pour les personnes exil&#233;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment ASGI, &#171; La Tunisia di fronte alla Corte Africana per i (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&#201;tats membres de l'Union europ&#233;enne&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Autriche&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#183;	&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/72646/austria-government-celebrates-deporting-more-people-than-receiving-newly-filed-asylum-applications&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Austria : Government celebrates deporting more people than receiving newly filed asylum applications&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 24 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour la premi&#232;re fois en 20 ans, le nombre d'expulsions de personnes exil&#233;es (2200) a d&#233;pass&#233; celui des demandes d'asile (2106) en Autriche. Parmi les raisons de cette &#233;volution figureraient le renforcement des contr&#244;les aux fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes &#224; la suite de l'entr&#233;e en vigueur du Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile (2024), l'augmentation des contr&#244;les aux fronti&#232;res nationales, ainsi que les restrictions mises en place pour les regroupements familiaux (2025, 2026).&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Depuis des ann&#233;es, l'Autriche m&#232;ne une politique migratoire r&#233;pressive, qui s'est encore durcie avec l'entr&#233;e en fonction du gouvernement actuel en 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment la fiche &#171; Autriche &#187; dans OCDE, &#171; Perspectives des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. La ligne assum&#233;e par cette nouvelle coalition s'inscrit pleinement dans la tendance europ&#233;enne, le pays pla&#231;ant l'expulsion &#224; tout prix parmi ses priorit&#233;s en mati&#232;re d'immigration. Il n'est gu&#232;re surprenant que le ministre de l'Int&#233;rieur, Karner, qualifie de &#171; corrects et n&#233;cessaires &#187; les changements dans le nombre d'expulsions et de demandes d'asile, alors que les r&#233;centes mesures migratoires bafouent les obligations de l'Autriche en mati&#232;re de protection. La suspension des regroupements familiaux en 2025, puis l'introduction de quotas sur ces regroupements en 2026 sont attentatoires au droit &#224; la vie familiale&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; Austria limits refugee family reunification (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. L'Autriche a par ailleurs &#233;t&#233; l'un des premiers &#201;tats membres de l'UE &#224; annoncer, d&#232;s d&#233;cembre 2024, la suspension de l'examen des demandes d'asile d&#233;pos&#233;es par des ressortissant&#183;es syrien&#183;nes, avec la r&#233;vocation, en 2025, du statut de r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e pour un grand nombre d'entre eux&#183;elles&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet France24, &#171; We're all afraid' : Austria moves to deport (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. L'ann&#233;e 2025 a &#233;galement marqu&#233; le d&#233;but des expulsions vers l'Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Politico, &#171; Austria deports first person to Afghanistan since (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Enfin, le pays compte parmi les cinq &#201;tats membres de l'Union qui envisagent la mise en &#339;uvre de camps externalis&#233;s hors UE dans le cadre d'initiatives conjointes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International, &#171; L'UE bafoue les droits humains en (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ceuta&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#183;	InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/72776/environ-60-000-migrants-ont-traverse-la-frontiere-entre-le-maroc-et-ceuta-en-24-heures&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Environ 60 000 migrants ont travers&#233; la fronti&#232;re entre le Maroc et Ceuta en 24 heures&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 31 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Entre le 30 et le 31 juillet, environ 60 000 personnes auraient franchi depuis le Maroc, principalement par la mer, la fronti&#232;re de Ceuta - r&#233;sidu colonial europ&#233;en sous contr&#244;le espagnol situ&#233; sur le continent africain -, arrachant ainsi leur libert&#233; de circulation. Des dizaines de personnes seraient d&#233;c&#233;d&#233;es ce faisant, et plus de la moiti&#233; des arrivant&#183;es auraient d&#233;j&#224; &#233;t&#233; renvoy&#233;&#183;es de force au Maroc, en violation du droit international (principe de non-refoulement) et de la l&#233;gislation espagnole (&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.poderjudicial.es/portal/site/cgpj/menuitem.65d2c4456b6ddb628e635fc1dc432ea0/?vgnextoid=a55381836b14f910VgnVCM1000004648ac0aRCRD&amp;vgnextchannel=ccc9c38cb605c210VgnVCM100000cb34e20aRCRD&amp;vgnextfmt=default&amp;vgnextlocale=ca&amp;lang_choosen=ca&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;arr&#234;t du Tribunal supr&#234;me espagnol, 8 juillet 2026&lt;/a&gt;). Face &#224; ce qui est pr&#233;sent&#233; comme une &#233;ni&#232;me &#171; crise migratoire &#187;, l'Espagne a d&#233;nonc&#233; une &#171; violation de [son] int&#233;grit&#233; territoriale par des r&#233;seaux criminels &#187; et d&#233;ploy&#233; l'arm&#233;e pour venir en appui &#224; la Guardia Civil, tandis que l'Union europ&#233;enne a offert le soutien de l'agence Frontex.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Alors que les droites europ&#233;ennes crient &#224; l'&#171; invasion &#187;, dont la cause serait le laxisme du gouvernement espagnol et son programme de r&#233;gularisation (alors m&#234;me que celui-ci est clos, et que les personnes arriv&#233;es &#224; Ceuta n'y auraient de toute fa&#231;on pas eu acc&#232;s), c'est pr&#233;cis&#233;ment la politique d'externalisation europ&#233;enne qui est &#224; l'origine de cette situation. En d&#233;l&#233;guant la gestion des migrations &#224; des pays tiers, souvent autoritaires, l'UE transforme les personnes qui souhaitent rejoindre son territoire en pions entre les mains de gouvernements qui disposent - revers de l'externalisation des fronti&#232;res - d'un fort levier de pression politique face &#224; une Europe gangren&#233;e par un racisme croissant, pr&#234;te &#224; tout pour maintenir les exil&#233;&#183;es loin de ses fronti&#232;res&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour aller plus loin, voir le communiqu&#233; de la Commission espagnole d'aide (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Le malaise social qui pousse les citoyen&#183;nes marocain&#183;es &#224; exercer leur droit &#224; la mobilit&#233; (37 % de ch&#244;mage parmi les plus jeunes) a &#233;t&#233; transform&#233; en instrument de pression g&#233;opolitique, le Maroc tout comme l'extr&#234;me droite n'h&#233;sitant pas &#224; instrumentaliser ces mouvements migratoires au service de leurs int&#233;r&#234;ts. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Cet &#233;pisode surm&#233;diatis&#233; nous parle de phobie migratoire, de racisme assum&#233; et de repli europ&#233;en, dans un monde profond&#233;ment in&#233;galitaire. R&#233;pondre &#224; cette soif de libert&#233; de circulation par la militarisation des fronti&#232;res et par l'acc&#233;l&#233;ration des renvois forc&#233;s en violation du droit national&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Alors m&#234;me que le Tribunal supr&#234;me espagnol a jug&#233; le 8 juillet 2026 que les (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; et international a pourtant d&#233;montr&#233; son inefficacit&#233; et sa dangerosit&#233; depuis des d&#233;cennies. Loin de freiner les mouvements migratoires, ces r&#233;ponses hors sol n'engendrent que drames suppl&#233;mentaires et violations syst&#233;matiques des droits des personnes en qu&#234;te d'exil.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;France&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#183;	&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2026/07/08/mouvements-migratoires-un-rapport-d-enquete-etrille-la-politique-gouvernementale-a-la-frontiere-franco-britannique_6721821_3224.html?srsltid=AfmBOopdBDemqN7aOir2si0Yar-beJ_FMYP4f6UARGEm9BrqSJH5MlSE&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mouvements migratoires : un rapport d'enqu&#234;te &#233;trille la politique gouvernementale &#224; la fronti&#232;re franco-britannique&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 8 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 8 juillet, une commission d'enqu&#234;te parlementaire fran&#231;aise a publi&#233; un &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/rapports/cetouq/l17b2998-t1_rapport-enquete&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;rapport&lt;/a&gt; qui d&#233;nonce les cons&#233;quences n&#233;fastes des politiques de &#171; gestion de la fronti&#232;re &#187; franco-britannique, depuis la conclusion, en 2003, des &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000000248992?__cf_chl_tk=u7IZ7IGX1oWA5AZeGa6v_nR4ZQaOWkyTYtl2eXingP0-1784537078-1.0.1.1-gfUZy0AcqgIhzIqL2PWuwYIBYzQ9CINNRVQF8wchhd0&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;accords du Touquet&lt;/a&gt; entre la France et le Royaume-Uni. Ces accords consacrent l'externalisation des contr&#244;les frontaliers sur le territoire fran&#231;ais : une contribution financi&#232;re britannique est vers&#233;e depuis 2003 &#224; la France, en contrepartie de politiques r&#233;pressives sur son territoire visant &#224; emp&#234;cher les tentatives de franchissement de la fronti&#232;re. C'est dans cette m&#234;me logique que s'inscrivent les accords successifs sign&#233;s par les deux pays (accords de Sandhurst, &#171; One in, one out &#187;). Le rapport souligne l'inefficacit&#233; de ces accords par rapport &#224; l'objectif affich&#233; d'entraver les migrations : ils n'ont fait que produire une &#171; crise humanitaire &#224; bas bruit &#187; que &#171; la R&#233;publique fran&#231;aise organise sur son territoire &#187;, sans mettre fin aux tentatives de franchissement de la fronti&#232;re. La Commission d'enqu&#234;te demande d'y mettre un terme &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
En effet, les accords franco-britanniques ont dans un premier temps d&#233;plac&#233; les routes migratoires vers la voie maritime, et ont ensuite conduit &#224; la politique &#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ground-breaking-new-laws-to-stop-the-boats&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Stop the boats&lt;/a&gt;&#034; (2023), qui a entra&#238;n&#233; une augmentation des d&#233;c&#232;s &#224; partir de l'&#233;t&#233; 2023&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Border Forensics, &#171; Comment la politique &#8220;Stop the Boats' (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. La coop&#233;ration franco-britannique a &#233;galement entra&#238;n&#233; une pr&#233;carisation planifi&#233;e des conditions d'existence des personnes exil&#233;es bloqu&#233;es &#224; la fronti&#232;re. Nombre d'entre eux&#183;elles vivent dans des lieux de vie informels, avec un acc&#232;s restreint &#224; l'eau, &#224; l'hygi&#232;ne, &#224; l'alimentation et aux soins, et subissent un harc&#232;lement policier quotidien (d&#233;mant&#232;lements violents des campements, usage de gaz lacrymog&#232;ne, saisies de biens personnels, agressions physiques). Ce, au nom de la politique de &#171; z&#233;ro point de fixation &#187;, dont le but est d'&#233;viter que des espaces de vie ne s'installent durablement &#224; la fronti&#232;re&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet les derniers rapports de Human Rights Observers&#034; id=&#034;nh13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En reconnaissant les cons&#233;quences meurtri&#232;res de ces politiques et en appelant &#224; y mettre un terme, les travaux de cette commission - premi&#232;re &#233;valuation d&#233;mocratique de l'action publique men&#233;e &#224; cette fronti&#232;re - pourraient constituer un tournant politique. Reste &#224; voir si des changements seront r&#233;ellement apport&#233;s, ou si, avec le &lt;a href=&#034;https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/fr/ip_26_1367&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;nouveau plan d'action europ&#233;en sur la Manche&lt;/a&gt; (2026), la situation continuera de s'aggraver.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gr&#232;ce &lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#183;	&lt;i&gt;Ekathimerini, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1308449/asylum-lawyers-to-get-bonus-for-talking-migrants-into-returning-home/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Asylum lawyers to get bonus for talking migrants into returning home&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 2 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un d&#233;cret minist&#233;riel rendu public le 2 juillet pr&#233;voit une prime de 250 euros pour les avocat&#183;es r&#233;mun&#233;r&#233;&#183;es par l'&#201;tat pour fournir des conseils juridiques gratuits aux demandeur&#183;ses d'asile, s'ils&#183;elles parviennent &#224; convaincre leurs client&#183;es de renoncer &#224; leur demande de protection, et de retourner dans leur pays d'origine. Ce, dans le cadre de la proc&#233;dure aux fronti&#232;res mise en place avec le Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La Gr&#232;ce suit ainsi l'exemple italien : le gouvernement italien avait tent&#233; d'introduire une mesure similaire en avril 2026, avant qu'elle ne soit bloqu&#233;e par le Pr&#233;sident de la R&#233;publique pour motif d'inconstitutionnalit&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Il Post, &#171; Il governo ha messo una pezza alla norma sui (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Cette prime aurait en effet port&#233; atteinte &#224; l'ind&#233;pendance des avocat&#183;es ainsi qu'au droit &#224; la d&#233;fense des personnes migrantes, qui doit &#234;tre plein, libre et concr&#232;tement accessible&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de presse de l'association nationale des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. La mesure grecque risque d'entra&#238;ner les m&#234;mes cons&#233;quences graves. Les avocat&#183;es grecs ont condamn&#233; cette disposition, d&#233;non&#231;ant une atteinte &#224; l'&#233;thique professionnelle. Dans un &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.olomeleia.gr/el/content/amesi-katargisi-diataxeon-tis-kya-gia-ti-metanasteysi-poy-plittoyn-ton-pyrina-toy&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;communiqu&#233;&lt;/a&gt;, le Comit&#233; de coordination de l'assembl&#233;e pl&#233;ni&#232;re des ordres des avocats de Gr&#232;ce a estim&#233; que l'instauration de primes financi&#232;res au service d'objectifs politiques est incompatible avec les principes de la profession d'avocat&#183;e, tels que la confidentialit&#233; entre l'avocat&#183;e et son client&#183;e, l'ind&#233;pendance professionnelle et le devoir de donner des conseils impartiaux. Le Comit&#233; a demand&#233; le retrait imm&#233;diat de la mesure et a appel&#233; les avocat&#183;es participant au dispositif du gouvernement d'aide juridique aux demandeur&#183;es d'asile &#224; suspendre leur participation &#224; ce dispositif tant que les dispositions contest&#233;es du d&#233;cret n'auront pas &#233;t&#233; abrog&#233;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Dnews, &#034;Greek Lawyers Refuse to Implement Decree Offering (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Pays europ&#233;ens non-membres de l'Union europ&#233;enne&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ukraine/UE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#183;	Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/07/15/l-union-europeenne-revoit-un-statut-de-protection-des-ukrainiens-qui-fuient-le-front_6723594_3210.html?srsltid=AfmBOoq1yzaHHb-qQqflmslJHWgSZg49mMb1KeVuF8S2btpvzQjIR2u7&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'Union europ&#233;enne revoit un statut de protection des Ukrainiens qui fuient le front&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 15 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'Union europ&#233;enne a &#233;tendu le statut de &lt;a href=&#034;https://commission.europa.eu/topics/eu-solidarity-ukraine/eu-assistance-ukraine/information-people-fleeing-war-ukraine/fleeing-ukraine-your-rights-eu_fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;protection temporaire&lt;/a&gt;des Ukrainien&#183;nes jusqu'en mars 2028. N&#233;anmoins, &#224; la demande de Kiev, les hommes n'ayant pas rempli leurs obligations militaires seront exclus de ce dispositif : les Ukrainiens de 23 &#224; 60 ans fuyant le front ne pourront donc plus b&#233;n&#233;ficier de cette protection. Par ailleurs, les personnes candidates &#224; ce statut devront pr&#233;senter &#224; leur arriv&#233;e sur le territoire europ&#233;en un passeport avec le cachet de sortie d&#233;livr&#233; par les autorit&#233;s ukrainiennes, prouvant qu'elles ont quitt&#233; l'Ukraine l&#233;galement et qu'elles se sont acquitt&#233;es de leurs obligations militaires. L'objectif serait de &#171; concilier la protection temporaire avec la capacit&#233; de l'Ukraine &#224; assurer sa propre d&#233;fense &#187;.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Plusieurs associations de d&#233;fense des droits se sont oppos&#233;es &#224; cette d&#233;cision. Dans un &lt;a href=&#034;https://picum.org/blog/member-states-must-strengthen-the-protection-of-all-who-flee-ukraine-instead-of-excluding-thousands/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;communiqu&#233;&lt;/a&gt;, elles d&#233;noncent l'introduction d'un crit&#232;re d'exclusion discriminatoire, non pr&#233;vu par la directive sur la protection temporaire (parmi les motifs d'exclusion ne figure pas le d&#233;faut d'autorisation de sortie du territoire ukrainien) et contraire &#224; son esprit : l'&#233;ligibilit&#233; devrait d&#233;pendre avant tout des besoins de protection, et non pas des r&#232;gles administratives encadrant la sortie du territoire d'origine. Ces associations rel&#232;vent aussi que la Commission europ&#233;enne n'aurait fourni qu'une analyse limit&#233;e de la n&#233;cessit&#233; et de la proportionnalit&#233; de la mesure, sans d&#233;montrer en quoi refuser l'acc&#232;s &#224; la protection temporaire constituerait le moyen le moins restrictif d'atteindre l'objectif affich&#233; de d&#233;fense de l'Ukraine. Si l'UE avait fait pour les personnes exil&#233;es ukrainiennes ce qu' &#171; elle avait longtemps pr&#233;tendu impossible &#8211; permettre leur mobilit&#233; et reconna&#238;tre leurs droits plut&#244;t que chercher &#224; les bloquer &#224; tout prix &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Migreurop, &#171; Accueil s&#233;lectif aux fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes : du (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, elle suit d&#233;sormais le mouvement de backlash qui traverse d&#233;j&#224; plusieurs &#201;tats membres, o&#249; la protection et l'aide accord&#233;es aux personnes ukrainiennes sont r&#233;duites. En conditionnant l'acc&#232;s &#224; la protection temporaire au respect d'une interdiction de sortie, dont la l&#233;galit&#233; au regard du droit &#224; quitter tout pays (art. 12 du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques, art. 2 du Protocole n&#176; 4 &#224; la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme) peut &#234;tre contest&#233;e, l'UE risque de se rendre responsable d'une pr&#233;carisation des conditions de vie des hommes ukrainiens fuyant la guerre, et les pousserait vers des routes migratoires plus dangereuses.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Union europ&#233;enne&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_11&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Frontex &lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#183;	Infomigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/72343/frontex-expected-to-be-given-more-powers-including-new-role-in-managing-return-hubs&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Frontex expected to be given more powers, including new role in managing return hubs'&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 10 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Oliver Onidi, le Directeur g&#233;n&#233;ral adjoint pour la migration et les affaires int&#233;rieures de la Commission europ&#233;enne, a r&#233;cemment confirm&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Depuis 2025, les &#201;tats membres de l'UE appellent &#224; donner un r&#244;le &#224; Frontex (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; la volont&#233; de l'UE de permettre &#224; Frontex (l'agence europ&#233;enne de garde-fronti&#232;res et de garde-c&#244;tes) de mettre en &#339;uvre des expulsions coordonn&#233;es entre pays tiers &#224; l'UE, dans le cadre du m&#233;canisme des &#171; return hubs &#187; (plateformes d'expulsion) approuv&#233; par le Parlement europ&#233;en d&#233;but juin 2026&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet RFI, &#171; Migration : le Parlement europ&#233;en adopte la r&#233;forme (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Ce changement s'appuierait sur un accord international soutenu par les &#201;tats membres de l'UE et le Parlement europ&#233;en, et ferait partie de &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-new-era-for-european-defence-and-security/file-strengthening-frontex&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;la r&#233;forme du mandat de Frontex&lt;/a&gt;, pr&#233;vue au troisi&#232;me trimestre de 2026&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Statewatch, &#034;Frontex mandate review 2026 : violent border (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Les violations des droits dont Frontex s'est rendue responsable aux fronti&#232;res de l'UE (et au del&#224;) au fil des ann&#233;es sont largement document&#233;es : pushbacks, inaction face &#224; des embarcations en d&#233;tresse, violences, entre autres. Sa coop&#233;ration avec des pays tiers de l'UE dans la mise en &#339;uvre d'accords migratoires r&#233;pressifs (formels et informels) entre ces-derniers et l'Union continue presque en toute impunit&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;En 2025, la Cour de justice de l'UE a reconnu Frontex responsable de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, et sans r&#233;elle cons&#233;quence quant aux violations des droits qui en d&#233;coulent (cf. collaboration avec les garde-c&#244;tes libyens)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour en savoir plus, voir Anna Sibley, Gisti, Migreurop, &#171; Frontex, agent (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. La gestion par Frontex des expulsions de pays tiers &#224; pays tiers ne constituerait donc qu'une &#233;tape suppl&#233;mentaire dans l'externalisation de la &#171; gestion des migrations &#187; europ&#233;enne. Sous pr&#233;texte de &#171; pragmatisme &#187; et d'&#171; efficacit&#233; &#187;, ce projet ne fera que permettre et syst&#233;matiser de nouvelles violations des droits en dehors des fronti&#232;res de l'Union. Dans des lieux soustraits au regard public et &#224; la juridiction directe de l'UE, il deviendra plus difficile (voire impossible) de garantir le respect des standards europ&#233;ens et internationaux en mati&#232;re de droits fondamentaux, et de recourir &#224; des m&#233;canismes de recours effectifs permettant de contester les violations de droits g&#233;n&#233;r&#233;es et les politiques qui les permettent.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_12&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&#171; Remigration &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#183;	Euronews, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/07/23/petition-remigration-rejetee-par-la-commission-lextreme-droite-veut-poursuivre-lexecutif-e&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;P&#233;tition &#034;remigration&#034; rejet&#233;e par la Commission : l'extr&#234;me droite veut poursuivre l'ex&#233;cutif europ&#233;en&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 23 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Commission europ&#233;enne a rejet&#233; l'initiative citoyenne&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;L'initiative citoyenne europ&#233;enne permet &#224; des citoyen&#183;nes de l'UE qui (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#171; Save Europe Act &#187;, port&#233;e par des militant&#183;es d'extr&#234;me droite et appelant &#224; la suppression de toutes les &#171; voies d'immigration l&#233;gale &#187; pour les ressortisssant&#183;es de pays tiers, ainsi qu'&#224; la &#171; remigration &#187; de toutes les personnes d'origine &#233;trang&#232;re &#171; non int&#233;gr&#233;es &#187; dans les &#201;tats de l'Union. L'objectif de l'initiative &#233;tait de lutter contre un suppos&#233; &#171; remplacement d&#233;mographique &#187;. La Commission a refus&#233; d'enregistrer cette initiative au motif qu'elle entra&#238;nerait des discriminations fond&#233;es sur l'origine ethnique, ce qui serait &#171; contraire aux valeurs de l'Union &#187;.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Le fallacieux concept de &#171; remigration &#187;, n&#233; dans les cercles identitaires de l'extr&#234;me droite europ&#233;enne autour de 2010, pr&#233;voit l'expulsion forc&#233;e dans leurs pays d'origine des personnes d'origine &#233;trang&#232;re, non blanches, et de leurs descendants. Cela, selon des &#233;tapes progressives : en premier lieu , les personnes d&#233;pourvues de droit au s&#233;jour, puis les personnes titulaires d'un titre de s&#233;jour et/ou d'un visa de travail, mais consid&#233;r&#233;es comme &#171; un fardeau &#233;conomique, criminel ou culturel &#187; ; et enfin les personnes immigr&#233;es naturalis&#233;es jug&#233;s &#171; non assimil&#233;es &#187;, car soup&#231;onn&#233;es de &#171; maintenir une loyaut&#233; envers des nations &#233;trang&#232;res ou des religions radicales &#187;. Un projet fasciste, raciste, islamophobe et contraire aux conventions internationales dont l'objectif est de se d&#233;barrasser des personnes jug&#233;es &#171; ind&#233;sirables &#187;. Ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es, ce concept a acquis une grande visibilit&#233;, surtout &#224; partir de 2023, et a commenc&#233; &#224; &#234;tre revendiqu&#233; par des partis tels que le FP&#214; en Autriche, l'AfD en Allemagne, Vox en Espagne, et Futuro Nazionale et Lega en Italie&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Radio France, &#171; La &#034;remigration&#034;, nouvelle obsession de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Si la Commission europ&#233;enne a refus&#233; d'enregistrer cette initiative, pr&#233;cis&#233;ment au nom de la non-discrimination fond&#233;e sur l'origine, plusieurs textes adopt&#233;s ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es par les institutions europ&#233;ennes, ainsi que plusieurs choix politiques de l'Union, rel&#232;vent pourtant de la m&#234;me logique. Pensons par exemple au r&#232;glement retour, qui organise la chasse et l'expulsion des personnes d&#233;pourvues du droit au s&#233;jour au sein de l'UE ; au pacte migration-asile ; aux notions de &#171; pays d'origine s&#251;rs &#187; et de &#171; pays tiers s&#251;rs &#187;, con&#231;ues pour restreindre le droit d'asile ; ou encore aux n&#233;gociations de l'UE et de ses &#201;tats membres avec les talibans en vue d'expulser vers l'Afghanistan les Afghan&#183;es en situation administrative dite &#171; irr&#233;guli&#232;re &#187; ou ayant commis des infractions graves. Il s'agit d'illustrations claires de l'imposition progressive des projets de l'extr&#234;me droite au sommet des institutions europ&#233;ennes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71426/route-des-canaries--plus-de-150-migrants-echouent-a-traverser-latlantique-depuis-la-gambie&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Route des Canaries : plus de 150 migrants &#233;chouent &#224; traverser l'Atlantique depuis la Gambie&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 18 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour en savoir plus, voir les fiches de la Commission europ&#233;enne relatives aux partenariats avec le &lt;a href=&#034;https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/countries/senegal_fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;S&#233;n&#233;gal&lt;/a&gt; et la &lt;a href=&#034;https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/lt/ip_24_1335&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritanie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour aller plus loin, voir Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2026/07/tunisia-refugees-and-asylum-seekers-trapped-in-cycle-of-abuse-after-authorities-dismantle-crucial-safeguards/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisie. Les autorit&#233;s ayant d&#233;mantel&#233; des garanties cruciales, les r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e&#183;s et demandeurs&#183;euses d'asile se retrouvent pris au pi&#232;ge d'un cycle de violations&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 2 juillet 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment ASGI, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.asgi.it/asilo-e-protezione-internazionale/tunisia-di-fronte-alla-corte-africana-per-i-diritti-umani-e-dei-popoli/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La Tunisia di fronte alla Corte Africana per i Diritti Umani e dei Popoli&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 3 juillet 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment la fiche &#171; Autriche &#187; dans OCDE, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.oecd.org/fr/publications/perspectives-des-migrations-internationales-2025_695789d1-fr/full-report/austria_2c63c246.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Perspectives des migrations internationales 2025&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 3 novembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/71504/austria-limits-refugee-family-reunification-under-new-quota-system&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Austria limits refugee family reunification under new quota system&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 21 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet France24, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250305-we-re-all-afraid-austria-moves-to-deport-syrian-refugees&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;We're all afraid' : Austria moves to deport Syrian refugees&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 5 mars 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Politico, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/austria-deport-first-person-afghanistan-taliban-takeover-christian-stocker/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Austria deports first person to Afghanistan since Taliban takeover&lt;/a&gt; &#187; , 21 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.ch/fr/themes/asile-et-migrations/return-hubs&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'UE bafoue les droits humains en recourant &#224; des centres de r&#233;tention dans des pays tiers&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour aller plus loin, voir le communiqu&#233; de la Commission espagnole d'aide au r&#233;fugi&#233; (CEAR), &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cear.es/noticias/garantizar-derechos-ceuta/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;CEAR pide al Gobierno que agilice su respuesta y garantice los derechos en Ceuta&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 31 juillet 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Alors m&#234;me que le Tribunal supr&#234;me espagnol a jug&#233; le 8 juillet 2026 que les personnes arriv&#233;es par la mer ne peuvent faire l'objet d'un renvoi imm&#233;diat (refoulement express), Sanchez a d&#233;clar&#233; que cette d&#233;cision ne s'appliquerait pas en l'esp&#232;ce&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Border Forensics, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.borderforensics.org/fr/enquetes/channel/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Comment la politique &#8220;Stop the Boats' tue&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet les &lt;a href=&#034;https://humanrightsobservers.org/reports/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;derniers rapports&lt;/a&gt; de Human Rights Observers&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Il Post, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/04/24/governo-decreto-sicurezza-modifica-incentivi-rimpatri/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Il governo ha messo una pezza alla norma sui rimpatri volontari&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 24 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de presse de l'association nationale des magistrat&#183;es italien&#183;nes (ANM), &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.associazionemagistrati.it/doc/5077/sicurezza-sconcerto-per-attacco-a-diritto-di-difesa.htm&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Decreto Sicurezza : sconcerto per attacco a diritto di difesa&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 18 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Dnews, &#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.dnews.gr/eidhseis/news-in-english/597950/greek-lawyers-refuse-to-implement-decree-offering-250-payments-for-asylum-seekers-voluntary-departures&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Greek Lawyers Refuse to Implement Decree Offering &#8364;250 Payments for Asylum Seekers' &#034;Voluntary&#034; Departures&lt;/a&gt;&#034;, 5 juillet 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3095.html&#034;&gt;Accueil s&#233;lectif aux fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes : du racisme des politiques migratoires&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 22 mars 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Depuis 2025, les &#201;tats membres de l'UE appellent &#224; donner un r&#244;le &#224; Frontex dans le syst&#232;me des return hubs (d&#233;j&#224; envisag&#233; &#224; l'&#233;poque), ainsi qu'&#224; faciliter son r&#244;le dans le cadre d'op&#233;rations men&#233;es dans des pays tiers de l'UE. Voir &#224; ce sujet le briefing du service de recherche du Parlement europ&#233;en &#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2026/785662/EPRS_BRI(2026)785662_EN.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Strengthening Frontex's mandate in border and migration management&lt;/a&gt;&#034;, mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet RFI, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/en-bref/20260617-migration-le-parlement-europ%C3%A9en-adopte-la-r%C3%A9forme-pr%C3%A9voyant-des-hubs-de-retour&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migration : le Parlement europ&#233;en adopte la r&#233;forme pr&#233;voyant des &#171; hubs de retour&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 17 juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Statewatch, &#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://statewatch.org/analyses/2026/frontex-mandate-review-2026-violent-border-practices-to-be-expanded-further/#toc-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Frontex mandate review 2026 : violent border practices to be expanded further&lt;/a&gt;&#034;, 19 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;En 2025, la Cour de justice de l'UE a reconnu Frontex responsable de violations des droits des personnes exil&#233;es. Voir InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68972/refoulement-greceturquie--frontex-jugee-responsable-par-la-cour-de-justice-de-lue&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Refoulement Gr&#232;ce-Turquie : Frontex jug&#233;e responsable par la Cour de justice de l'UE&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 31 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour en savoir plus, voir Anna Sibley, Gisti, Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3472.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Frontex, agent intouchable du renseignement migratoire&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 27 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://citizens-initiative.europa.eu/index_fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'initiative citoyenne europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt; permet &#224; des citoyen&#183;nes de l'UE qui r&#233;unissent un million de signatures dans au moins sept &#201;tats membres de demander &#224; la Commission de l&#233;gif&#233;rer sur un sujet. Pr&#233;alable &#224; toute collecte de signature est l'enregistrement de l'initiative par la Commission : c'est dans cette phase que la Commission a rejet&#233; le &#171; Save Europemission a rejet&#233; le &#171; Save Europe Act &#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Radio France, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinfo/podcasts/le-choix-de-franceinfo/le-choix-franceinfo-du-mardi-30-juin-2026-2131921&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La &#034;remigration&#034;, nouvelle obsession de l'extr&#234;me droite europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 30 juin 202 Act &#187; ; et Center for the study of organized hate &#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.csohate.org/2026/01/20/remigration/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Remigration : The Rise of a Fringe Idea into the Political Mainstream&lt;/a&gt;&#034;, 20 janvier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press Review May/June 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3600.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3600.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-07-10T05:53:09Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Egypte</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Libya</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Morocco</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Rwanda</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Autriche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cyprus</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Manche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Greece</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Albania</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Suisse</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Afghanistan</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Detention</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Freedom of movement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation of borders</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Forced returns</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Monitoring and control </dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Egypt/EU EuroNews, &#8220;EU pays Egypt billions to manage migration &#8212; Cairo says it is not enough&#8221;, 21 May 2026* &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Faced with the reception crisis currently affecting Egypt, Cairo is pressing the EU to increase its funding for &#8216;migration management'. The regime considers the &#8364;200 million allocation currently available to the country for the period 2024&#8211;2027 to be &#8216;insufficient'. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
As a key partner of the EU for almost 30 years in the externalisation of borders &#8211; a cornerstone of European (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Detention&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot178.html" rel="tag"&gt;Freedom of movement&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation of borders&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot204.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Forced returns&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Monitoring and control &lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/visuel_rp_3_-3-f5686.png?1783662833' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Egypt/EU&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Egypt/EU&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libya&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Morocco&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Morocco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Rwanda/United Kingdom&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Rwanda/United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Austria&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Austria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Cyprus&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Cyprus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Greece&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italy/Albania&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Italy/Albania&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sweden&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Sweden&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom/France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;United Kingdom/France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Switzerland&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_11'&gt;Switzerland&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Chisinau Declaration&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_12'&gt;Chisinau Declaration&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Entry into force of the Migration and Asylum Pact&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_13'&gt;Entry into force of the (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Final adoption of the &#8216;return' regulation&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_14'&gt;Final adoption of the &#8216;return'&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;A Taliban delegation in Brussels&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_15'&gt;A Taliban delegation in (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Egypt/EU&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;EuroNews, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euronews.com/2026/05/21/eu-pays-egypt-billions-to-manage-migration-cairo-says-it-is-not-enough#https://www.euronews.com/2026/05/21/eu-pays-egypt-billions-to-manage-migration-cairo-says-it-is-not-enough&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;EU pays Egypt billions to manage migration &#8212; Cairo says it is not enough&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 21 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;*&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Faced with the reception crisis currently affecting Egypt, Cairo is pressing the EU to increase its funding for &#8216;migration management'. The regime considers the &#8364;200 million allocation currently available to the country for the period 2024&#8211;2027 to be &#8216;insufficient'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As a key partner of the EU for almost 30 years in the externalisation of borders &#8211; a cornerstone of European migration policy &#8211; Egypt wields considerable negotiating leverage. It would therefore come as no surprise if European funding were indeed increased, at a historic juncture when restrictions onmobility have become an absolute priority for the EU. This is despite systematic violations of migrants' rights in the country: migrants in Egypt are arbitrarily detained in inhuman and degrading conditions, and forced returns continue to rise&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the EuroMed Rights factsheet on this subject, &#8216;Safe on paper, dangerous (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . In March 2026, independent experts appointed by the UN Human Rights Council also warned of an intensification of deportations and violations of fundamental rights targeting migrants on Egyptian territory, in particular Sudanese and Syrian nationals&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See OHCHR, &#8220;Egypt: UN experts raise alarm over violations against refugees (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc3&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Libya&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20260519-libye-ange-de-la-mort-ancien-directeur-prison-libyen-cpi-khaled-el-hishri&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&#8216;The Angel of Death': former Libyan prison director to appear before the ICC&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 19 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;From 19 to 21 May, Khaled Mohamed Ali El Hishri, a Libyan member of the Special Deterrence Forces militia and a senior official at Mitiga Prison in Tripoli, where he is alleged to have directly committed, ordered and facilitated multiple crimes between 2014 and 2020 (war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, rape, murder and other acts of persecution). His victims are alleged to have been targeted on the basis of their gender, ethnic origin, sexual orientation and migration status. El Hishri is the first suspect to appear before the ICC for atrocities committed in Libya against migrantd persons, as part of the investigation conducted by the Court since 2011 under a UN mandate&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;14 people, including E Hishri, are currently the subject of international (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;After decades of impunity, the opening of these hearings represents a significant step forward for the victims of the Libyan detention system, which has been fuelled and supported by Europe through its border externalisation policies. Cooperation between the EU and its Member States (notably Italy) with Libya is based on three pillars: technical support and assistance provided to the &#8216;Libyan Department for Combating Illegal Immigration' (DCIM) &#8211; which manages the camps and prisons where migrants suffer serious human rights violations; training and equipping the Libyan coastguard to intercept people at sea and push them back to Libya; and the conclusion of agreements with local Libyan authorities and armed groups to strengthen border controls in the south of the country&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, Amnesty International, &#8220;Libya: European governments are (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . By continuing and strengthening its relations with Libya on migration matters, the EU is making itself complicit in the crimes currently under investigation by the ICC, as well as in the impunity that many of their perpetrators continue to enjoy&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further information, see the press release from Refugees in Libya, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The case of Najim Isama Almasri clearly illustrates this long-standing complicity. A former head of the Libyan judicial police and an accomplice of El Hishri in the running of Mitiga, he too is the subject of an international arrest warrant issued by the ICC. When he was on Italian territory in early 2025, Rome sent him back to Libya on a state flight, without handing him over to the Court&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;This refusal to cooperate with the Court has led to two complaints being (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Almasri was recently sentenced by a court in Tripoli to 7 years and 4 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71751/jai-peur-je-ne-sors-plus-de-chez-moi--en-libye-les-noirs-se-terrent-terrifies-par-la-chasse-aux-migrants-qui-sevit-dans-le-pays&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&#8216;I'm scared, I don't leave my house anymore': in Libya, Black people are going into hiding, terrified by the &#8216;hunt for migrants' raging across the country&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 5 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since early June, Africans of sub-Saharan origin in Libya have been the target of a crackdown on migrants carried out by hostile individuals, the police and local militias. Many are hiding and no longer dare to leave their homes for fear of being attacked. This wave of violence follows anti-immigration protests outside the offices of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Tripoli, sparked by false information circulated on social media about the existence of a fictitious refugee resettlement programme in Libya. The demonstrators were demanding that the UNHCR leave Libya and that refugee support services cease their activities. The UNHCR expressed concern over the demonstrators' hate speech and stated that it was working in cooperation with the Libyan authorities to find solutions for those who have fled conflict.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, as part of this escalation of violence, these same authorities have carried out mass round-ups in neighbourhoods where migrants live. It should also be noted that round-ups and arbitrary arrests of migrants by the Libyan authorities have long been documented in Libya. Those affected are detained in inhumane conditions and subjected to torture. Incidents of physical, psychological and sexual violence, as well as the abandonment of people in the desert, have also been extensively documented&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, on this subject, the information on Libya on Migreurop, &#8220;The Maghreb (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The UNHCR, whose mandate is to protect refugees in Libya, appears in reality to be serving as a &#8216;humanitarian fig leaf' to enable European states to continue their cooperation with a failed state where rights are systematically flouted&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also Refugees in Libya, &#8220;Book of Shame. How UNHCR Fails to Protect (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc4&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Morocco&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71287/on-te-traite-comme-du-betail--des-migrants-arretes-au-maroc-sur-la-route-de-melilla-racontent-leur-calvaire&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&#8216;They treat you like cattle': migrants arrested in Morocco on their way to Melilla recount their ordeal&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 8 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In late April, seven Mauritanian nationals attempted to cross the only land border between Morocco and the Spanish-controlled enclave of Melilla. They were arrested by the police and subjected to degrading treatment (including beatings and the theft of their personal belongings), before being pushed back to the Moroccan-Algerian border.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This kind of violence is a daily reality for people attempting to reach the European enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, located on the African continent. The border between Moroccan territory and these enclaves is heavily militarised: over the years, high barriers have been erected and a dense network of radar, thermal and infrared cameras has been deployed along the entire border, with the aim of preventing anyone from reaching the European territory. Forced returns are systematic and are often accompanied by physical violence and theft, perpetrated by both Moroccan and Spanish forces, whose collaboration on migration issues dates back to 1992 (agreement on the movement of persons, transit and the readmission of foreigners who have entered illegally). This cooperation has since been consolidated through a series of externalisation agreements (between Spain and Morocco, but also between the EU and Morocco), which have turned this country into a veritable &#8216;blockade zone' for migration. The systematic human rights violations in Ceuta and Melilla are emblematic of the process of building a closed-off Europe, and continue with complete impunity&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Migreurop, &#8220;CEUTA Factsheet&#8221;, Isaline Roverato, 2024&#034; id=&#034;nh10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rwanda/United Kingdom&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy526klrk20o&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;UK wins court case over collapsed Rwanda asylum deal'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 1 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) has rejected Rwanda's claim for compensation against the United Kingdom, following the annulment of the migration arrangement concluded between the two states in 2022. The aim of this informal agreement was to deport to Rwanda foreign nationals who had arrived on British soil &#8216;irregularly' and whose applications for protection had been declared inadmissible. The UK Supreme Court had ruled that this arrangement was unlawful on the grounds that Rwanda could not be considered a safe country for refugees. In 2024, under the Starmer government, the agreement was finally cancelled and payments suspended. Rwanda then initiated arbitration proceedings in January 2026, claiming &#163;50 million in compensation from the United Kingdom.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This brings to a close a legal dispute that clearly illustrates the commercial logic inherent in border externalisation, which reduces asylum seekers to a bargaining chip, enabling, on the one hand, European countries to rid themselves of people deemed &#8216;undesirable', and, on the other, enabling non-European authoritarian regimes to secure financial inflows and achieve diplomatic rehabilitation as legitimate partners of European countries&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also Migreurop, &#8220;UK&#8211;Rwanda Agreement: Outsourcing Asylum to Africa, a (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Austria&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/71504/austria-limits-refugee-family-reunification-under-new-quota-system&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Austria limits refugee family reunification under new quota&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; system', 21 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Austrian Parliament has passed a new law introducing annual caps on family reunification, the level of which has not yet been set. This law follows a measure suspending family reunification procedures adopted in 2025, justified on the grounds of an alleged &#8216;overburdening' of social services, and adopted by unjustifiably invoking the &#8216;emergency clause' provided for in Article 72 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject InfoMigrants, &#8220;Austria: family reunification suspended (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With the introduction of this quota system, Austria is flouting its obligations regarding reception and protection: the law will result in the separation of families, in breach of the right to family life protected by Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, as well as the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights, which have established that quotas applied to family reunification are unlawful in the absence of an individual assessment of each situation&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Amnesty International Austria, &#8216;Nationalrat adopts quota (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc8&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cyprus&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;CyprusMail, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://cyprus-mail.com/2026/06/08/eu-earmarks-e800m-for-cyprus-to-tackle-immigration&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;EU earmarks &#8364;800m for Cyprus to tackle immigration'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 8 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cyprus will receive 800 million euros from the EU for the period 2028&#8211;2034, earmarked for &#8216;migration management', representing a 70 per cent increase on the 480 million allocated for the period 2021&#8211;2027.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To date, EU funding has been used to build camps, to facilitate forced returns (Cyprus has recorded an unprecedented number of deportations of migrants in recent years), or to step up operations to identify people without the right to remain. At the end of May, three migrant people jumped from a balcony in Larnaca to escape the intensifying raids across the country. One of them died&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Cyprus Mail, &#8220;Migrant dies following balcony jump during (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cyprus has repeatedly been accused of and found guilty of violating the rights of migrants, including refoulement&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Cyprus Mail, &#8216;UNHCR expresses concern over alleged (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Yet the southern part of the island will continue to benefit from the EU's support and cooperation in its migration policies that infringe upon the rights and lives of migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc9&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Greece&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Al Jazeera, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/6/1/greece-reopens-syrian-and-afghan-asylum-cases-hoping-for-returns&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Greece reopens Syrian and Afghan asylum cases, hoping for returns'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 1 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since February, Greece has reopened all asylum cases likely to be rejected. As part of this process, the cases of Syrian and Afghan nationals &#8211; particularly men &#8211; are being subject to almost systematic re-examination, with rejection rates rising sharply. This review appears to reflect a broader political desire to rid the country of Muslim migrants or those from predominantly Muslim countries by deporting them to regimes where serious human rights violations have been documented. The Minister for Migration and Asylum, Athanasios Plevris, has openly embraced this racist shift during a recent parliamentary hearing, stating that Greece prefers to welcome non-Muslim migrant workers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Greece's strategy is part of a wider European climate of growing racism and Islamophobia. Several European countries, led by Germany, are now considering the forced return of Afghan and Syrian nationals, despite the extremely dangerous situation in their countries of origin. The European Union itself hosted a Taliban delegation in Brussels on 23 June, to negotiate the deportations of Afghans&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See below&#034; id=&#034;nh16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , and has renewed its cooperation agreement with Syria &#8211; ending the partial suspension in place since 2011 &#8211; which reflects a desire to speed up the forced returns of Syrian refugees residing throughout Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, on this subject, The New Arab, &#8216;Eyeing migrant returns, EU moves to (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc10&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italy/Albania&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;La Repubblica, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2026/05/11/news palazzo_chigi_centri_albania_migranti_hub_frontiera-425336592/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Palazzo Chigi tries again: &#8216;Migrants picked up at sea to be held in centres in Albania'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#8221;, 11 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Italian government is reportedly working on a new decree under the Italy&#8211;Albania Memorandum of Understanding (2023). The aim is said to be to revert to the original plan to outsource the fast-track processing of asylum applications to the camps in Sh&#235;ngjin and Gjad&#235;r &#8211; under Italian jurisdiction. Those affected are migrants intercepted at sea by the Italian authorities, who come from so-called &#8216;safe' countries and are considered &#8216;non-vulnerable'. According to the government, this change would be made possible by the European Pact on Migration and Asylum, which came into force on 12 June 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The initial project had so far been held up by several court rulings. The court in Rome has repeatedly refused to authorise detention in the camps in Albania, ruling that the countries of origin of the people concerned, such as Bangladesh and Egypt, could not be considered &#8216;safe' under European law&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also &#8220;Rome court does not uphold the detention of migrants in Albania&#8221;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . To prevent these camps from becoming unused, Italy converted them in 2025 into Italian detention and deportation centres (CPRs)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See SkyTG24, &#8216;How migrant centres in Albania work', 9 June 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The entry into force of the Pact could, however, remove these obstacles. The Pact does indeed allow a country to be classified as partially &#8216;safe' and facilitates the use of accelerated procedures for nationals of countries with a low asylum recognition rate (&lt; 20 per cent). Together with the new common European list of &#8216;safe countries of origin', these measures provide Italy with a more solid legal basis for reactivating the Albanian centres&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Fanpage, &#8216;Why, under the new EU regulation, Meloni can reopen the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, doubts remain, particularly regarding Italy's ability to detain asylum seekers undergoing standard procedures on territory outside the EU &#8211; an issue referred to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), which is expected to rule in the coming months&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also Italian Coalition for Freedom and Civil Rights (CILD), &#8220;The (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc11&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sweden&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71931/suede--le-parlement-vote-une-loi-obligeant-les-administrations-publiques-a-denoncer-les-sanspapiers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Sweden: Parliament passes law obliging public authorities to report undocumented migrants'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; migrants', 16 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On Monday 15 June, the Swedish Parliament passed two bills aimed at stepping up the deportation of migrants. The first measure, known as the &#8216;snitch law', obliges six public authorities (employment, pensions, tax, debt, social insurance and the prison service) to report to the police any undocumented migrants with whom their staff come into contact. The second, known as the &#8216;good conduct' law, provides for the deportation of foreign nationals residing in Sweden who do not lead an &#8216;honest life'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These measures establish a state apparatus of control and coercion in Sweden, which will lead to racial profiling, discrimination based on appearance and serious infringements of migrants' rights. The &#8216;snitch law' risks preventing migrantd people from accessing social rights; they may forgo essential services &#8211; including going to hospital or school &#8211; for fear of being denounced. By systematically using government departments and public services as tools for surveillance, it foreshadows the &#8216;return' regulation &#8211; adopted on 17 June by the European Parliament &#8211; which authorises raids in public places and private homes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &#8216;good conduct' law, does not specify the criteria for defining what would constitute &#8216;bad conduct'. Its discretionary nature exposes migrants to the risk of having their residence permits refused or revoked on the basis of behaviour that is neither illegal nor punishable for Swedish citizens. This amounts to the deliberate creation of legal uncertainty and the imposition of conditions on rights, which is dissuasive and contrary to the rule of law. These measures will foster fear and self-censorship amongst migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;]] .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc13&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20260609-attaque-%C3%A0-belfast-les-autorit%C3%A9s-appellent-au-calme-face-au-risque-de-violences-anti-immigr%C3%A9s&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Violent anti-immigration protests in Belfast following an attack attributed to a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; refugee'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 9 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20260613-%C3%A0-belfast-un-vaste-rassemblement-contre-le-racisme-apr%C3%A8s-des-%C3%A9meutes-anti-immigr%C3%A9s&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Mass rally against racism in Belfast following anti-immigrant&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; riots&#8221;, 13 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 9 June, anti-immigrant demonstrations took place in Belfast (Northern Ireland) in the wake of a knife attack attributed to a Sudanese national, footage of which was shared on social media. Neo-fascist groups set fire to cars and homes, most of which belonged to migrant people. A few days later, a large anti-racist demonstration was organised to condemn this wave of racist violence.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This incident illustrates a well-known pattern in several European countries and beyond: an offence or crime committed by a foreign national is exploited to target entire communities of migrants and to legitimise violent attacks and racially motivated intimidation against them. This dynamic is part of a context of a sharp rise in racism and the far right in the United Kingdom &#8211; visible both on social media and in public spaces (murals inciting racial hatred, anti-migrant rallies, etc.)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, the International Federation for Human Rights, &#8216;Northern (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#8211; which threatens the lives and safety of migrant people and non-white people.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/72119/au-royaumeuni-le-gouvernement-veut-etendre-laccueil-parraine-des-refugies&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;In the UK, the government wants to expand the sponsored refugee scheme'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; scheme', 30 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 30 June, the UK Home Secretary, Shabana Mahmood, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mahmood-myreforms-will-save-the-asylum-system-for-a-generation&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;announced&lt;/a&gt; the introduction of a refugee sponsorship scheme, which will come into force in autumn 2027. In practice, universities, businesses and other organisations will now be able to sponsor a person recognised as a refugee under Article 1 of the&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/fr/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-relating-status-refugees&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;1951 Geneva Convention&lt;/a&gt;, enabling them to settle legally in the UK. The organisations responsible for this sponsorship will be in charge of providing accommodation, facilitating integration and assisting with the selected individuals' entry into the labour market. The number of potential beneficiaries has not yet been specified, and applications will remain subject to strict government scrutiny.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This announcement comes against a backdrop of a general tightening of UK asylum policy. Sponsorship schemes are, in fact, frequently used by governments to project an image of selective generosity towards &#8216;genuine refugees' (Mahmood uses the term &lt;i&gt;&#8216;genuine &lt;/i&gt;refugees'), whilst diverting attention from deterrence policies that remain unchanged, or that are strengthened. Sponsorship schemes thus become instruments of a policy of selection, enabling states to set quotas for people entering their territory and to select certain categories of refugees based on their level of qualifications or their religion (church-sponsored schemes spring to mind)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Nikolas Feith Tan, &#8216;Community Sponsorship of Refugees (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Furthermore, the state shrinks its responsibilities regarding protection and asylum by transferring a legal obligation to the private sector. Beyond the individual benefits that selected people may enjoy, this scheme, which is part of a highly repressive UK policy towards migrants, risks distorting the spirit of the right to asylum, which could then be reduced to &#8216;a neoliberal, privatised immigration scheme, reserved solely for highly skilled and educated migrants, or for certain ethnic or religious groups'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid., p. 258.&#034; id=&#034;nh24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc14&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom/France&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/06/23/migration-un-premier-pas-vers-une-europeanisation-de-la-gestion-des-traversees-de-la-manche_6708581_3210.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=2&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Migration: a first step towards the Europeanisation of the management of Channel crossings&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#8221;, 23 June &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &#8216;One in, one out' agreement (2025) between France and the United Kingdom will not be renewed after October 2026. It will be replaced by a &lt;a href=&#034;https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/ee521a9c-effe-494f-ae61-65ffcf778e46_en?filename=EU%20Action%20Plan%20for%20the%20Channel%20route.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;European Commission action plan&lt;/a&gt; for the Channel migration route, drawn up in partnership with the United Kingdom and published on June 16.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &#8216;One in, one out' agreement currently stipulates that, for every asylum seeker the United Kingdom undertakes to admit through &#8216;legal channels', France agrees in return to readmit to its territory one person who has arrived in the United Kingdom so-called irregularly&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject the short documentary by MSF Frontlines, &#8216;One in, one (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The new action plan sets out a repressive approach centred on three pillars: strengthening diplomatic cooperation with countries of origin and transit to facilitate deportations; the &#8216;fight against people-smugglers' (which raises fears of increased criminalisation of migrants and solidarity organisations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;On this point, see PICUM, &#8216;Migrant smuggling: why we need a paradigm shift', (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ); and increasing the resources allocated to law enforcement and border control. Unsurprisingly, the text refers to the need to curb &#8216;illegal' migration in order to deter people from undertaking dangerous journeys. This is a rhetorical ploy that obscures the fact that it is precisely the sealing off of borders that drives many people to continue undertaking these dangerous journeys.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc15&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_11&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Switzerland&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euractiv.com/news/swiss-reject-divisive-anti-immigration-proposal-projections/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Swiss reject divisive anti-immigration proposal&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 14 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 14 June, 54 per cent of Swiss voters rejected the anti-immigration initiative &#8216;No to a Switzerland with 10 million!'. This initiative was put forward by the far-right SVP party and identified asylum seekers as the cause of thepopulation growth that, according to SVP, is jeopardising the country's &#8216;sustainability'. The text called for the permanent resident population to be kept below the ten-million mark by 2050, through repressive migration measures that contravened the country's obligations regarding reception and protection. Once the population reached 9.5 million, asylum seekers granted temporary leave would no longer have any prospect of remaining in the country. Should the population exceed 10 million, international agreements accused of encouraging population growth would have to be renegotiated or even withdrawn. The application of texts such as the Global Compact for Migration, the European Convention on Human Rights, the Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the European Agreement on the Free Movement of Persons would be threatened&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Amnesty International, &#8216;The &#8220;No Switzerland at 10 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The initiative failed thanks to strong opposition from employers' organisations and trade unions, which feared severe repercussions for employment and growth. Although many of the arguments in favour of a &#8216;no' vote were economic in nature, the rejection of the initiative remains a significant victory and a setback for the far right's vision of society. A vision that would have exposed migrants to a real risk of being turned back at the borders and of asylum procedures being suspended, and which would have led &#8211; through the possibility of renouncing international human rights agreements &#8211; to a general weakening of these protections for everyone, not just for migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc17&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_12&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chisinau Declaration&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euractiv.com/news/european-countries-urge-rethink-of-human-rights-on-migration/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;European countries urge rethink of human rights on migration&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 15 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 15 May 2026, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe adopted a &lt;a href=&#034;https://rm.coe.int/pdf/09125948802bc2cc&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;declaration&lt;/a&gt; in Chisinau (Moldova) proposing a restrictive interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in order to facilitate the deportation of migrants who have not been granted the right of residence or who have committed serious offences. The declaration proposes a reinterpretation of Article 8 (the right to respect for private and family life) to &#8216;rebalance' the individual rights of migrants against &#8216;the public interest and public security'. It also proposes narrowing the scope of Article 3 (prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment), so that insufficient access to healthcare or precarious socio-economic conditions in the country of deportation cannot constitute inhuman or degrading treatment that would prevent forced return. It should be noted, however, that Article 3 admits of no exceptions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Council of Europe has thus acted on the &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-to-the-conference-of-ministers-of-justice-of-the-council-of-europe&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;declaration&lt;/a&gt; issued in December 2025 by 27 member states calling for a more restrictive interpretation of the ECHR with regard to forced returns. Whilst the Chisinau Declaration remains non-binding in legal terms, it constitutes a worrying political development which will contribute &#8211; alongside recent European legislation (&#8216;safe' countries of origin, &#8216;safe' third countries, the &#8216;Return' Regulation) -to entrench in the collective imagination the need to systematise dangerous deportations, in the name of so-called security imperatives. It also constitutes political interference in the interpretation of the ECHR, illustrating a European trend towards challenging the legitimacy of the judiciary&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Jo&#235;l Andriantsimbazovina, &#8216;Political pressure on the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , which has been accused by several right-wing and far-right governments of favouring progressive positions on migration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_13&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entry into force of the Migration and Asylum Pact&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mediapart, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/120626/pacte-sur-la-migration-et-l-asile-pour-l-union-europeenne-le-jour-de-la-honte&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Migration and Asylum Pact: a day of shame for the European Union&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 12 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 12 June, the European Pact on Migration and Asylum came into force. It constitutes a comprehensive reform of European policy in this area, introducing far-reaching changes at the EU's borders. It establishes new screening procedures for anyone arriving at the EU's external borders. Following this screening, some people may be subject to accelerated border asylum procedures, leading to deportation if their application is rejected. Throughout all these stages, people are deprived of their liberty, likely in isolated locations that are difficult for lawyers, doctors, journalists and civil society organisations to access. They are also kept in a legal &#8216;fiction of non-entry': whilst physically present on European soil, they are legally considered not to have entered. This enables states to deport them more easily, paving the way for lower standards of fundamental rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Deprivation of liberty is therefore becoming the norm, and access to asylum &#8211; as well as to an effective remedy &#8211; is drastically restricted. Indeed, more people will be subject to accelerated procedures, on the assumption that they do notrequire protection: those from countries where the asylum recognition rate in the EU is below 20 per cent, those from so-called &#8216;safe' countries of origin, and those suspected of posing a &#8216;threat to public order', a vague and undefined concept. Furthermore, if individuals subject to a deportation order appeal against that decision, their appeal will not have suspensive effect, and the Pact authorises deportation even before a final decision has been taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In short, this Pact institutionalises, at a European level, the detention, registration, screening and expulsion of migrants at Europe's borders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc18&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_14&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final adoption of the &#8216;return' regulation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;RFI, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/en-bref/20260617-migration-le-parlement-europ%C3%A9en-adopte-la-r%C3%A9forme-pr%C3%A9voyant-des-hubs-de-retour&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Migration: the European Parliament adopts reform providing for &#8220;return hubs&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; hubs&#8221;', 17 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/video/2026/06/17/renvoyez-les-scandent-des-elus-d-extreme-droite-au-parlement-europeen_6704287_823448.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=7&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&#8216;Send them back!' chant far-right MEPs in the European Parliament&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 17 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 17 June, the European Parliament gave final approval to the &#8216;return' regulation, amidst applause and racist chants from right-wing and far-right MEPs in the chamber, who shouted &#8220;Send them back!&#8221;. The text provides for a massive detention system (lasting up to two years, with the possibility of indefinite extension in the event of a threat to public security), the conversion of third countries into &#8216;return hubs', to which migrants may be deported even if they have no connection to those countries&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;A coalition of five Member States has already begun negotiations with third (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , as well as &#8216;investigative' measures authorising raids on homes and in public spaces, the seizure of electronic devices and the obligation to provide biometric data to the authorities.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The proposed measures cross a red line by establishing a regime of widespread surveillance within the EU: migrants without the right to reside will be subjected to a veritable manhunt and deported to countries known to be unsafe (European governments are currently considering deportations to Rwanda, Uganda, Libya, Egypt&#8230;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Human Rights Watch, &#8216;Dangerous EU Momentum Towards Offshore Deportation (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh30&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ). This regulation institutionalises the violation of fundamental rights and international law: it will lead to breaches of the principle of non-refoulement, flout the right to private and family life, and expose migrantd people to inhuman and degrading treatment&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb31&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further reading, see in particular Migreurop, &#8216;Adoption of the EU (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh31&#034;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc20&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_15&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A Taliban delegation in Brussels&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/72051/rencontre-inedite-entre-lue-et-des-responsables-talibans-pour-discuter-du-renvoi-des-afghans-vers-leur-pays-dorigine&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Unprecedented meeting between the EU and Taliban officials to discuss the return of Afghans to their country of origin&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 24 June 2026 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.com/fr/news/les-talibans-profitent-de-leur-visite-a-bruxelles-pour-demander-un-acces-consulaire-en-europe/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;The Taliban use their visit to Brussels to request consular access in&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; Europe&#8221;, 23 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 23 June, members of the European Commission met with a Taliban delegation to continue negotiations on the forced return of Afghan nationals without the right to reside in the EU. In exchange for their cooperation with these deportations, the Taliban requested the restoration of consular services for Afghans across Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Once again, the EU's anti-immigration obsession is leading to the normalisation of relations with a repressive regime, with the aim of deporting people at any cost&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb32&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Agreements with Libya or Turkey are further examples.&#034; id=&#034;nh32&#034;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . As the restoration of consular services is a fundamental condition set by the Taliban, the end result of these negotiations risks being a de facto legitimisation of the Afghan regime, which has established gender apartheid&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb33&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further information, see Human Rights Watch, &#8216;Gender Apartheid as an (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh33&#034;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; and is responsible for the systematic violation of human rights in Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb34&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also Amnesty International, &#8216;Afghanistan: the human rights situation in (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh34&#034;&gt;34&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . By normalising its relations with the Taliban, the European Union is eroding its own standards on fundamental rights, pushing the boundaries of what is considered &#8216;acceptable' ever further. If these negotiations are successful, the Afghan nationals concerned risk being deported to face torture and death.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6098 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;28&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/press_review_may_and_june_2026.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 552.7 KiB' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/visuel_rp_3_-2-16116.png?1783662833' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Press Review May/June 2026
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the EuroMed Rights factsheet on this subject, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/egypt-infosheet-fr.pdf&#034;&gt;&#8216;Safe on paper, dangerous in reality: Egypt and the EU's return&lt;/a&gt; policy', June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See OHCHR, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2026/03/egypt-un-experts-raise-alarm-over-violations-against-refugees-and-migrants&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Egypt: UN experts raise alarm over violations against refugees and&lt;/a&gt; migrants&#8221;, 6 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;14 people, including E Hishri, are currently the subject of international arrest warrants in connection with this investigation. Some of them have died, whilst others are on the run.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, Amnesty International, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2017/12/libya-european-governments-complicit-in-horrific-abuse-of-refugees-and-migrants/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Libya: European governments are complicit in human rights violations against refugees and&lt;/a&gt; migrants&#8221;, 12 December 2017&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For further information, see the press release from Refugees in Libya, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.refugeesinlibya.org/post/civil-society-statement-detention-crimes-in-libya-finally-before-the-icc-judges-to-decide-whether&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Civil society statement: Detention crimes in Libya finally before the ICC: Judges to decide whether El Hishri case moves to&lt;/a&gt; trial&#8221;, 11 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;This refusal to cooperate with the Court has led to two complaints being lodged against Italy with the European Court of Human Rights. See, on this subject, InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71639/litalie-visee-par-deux-plaintes-aupres-de-la-cedh-pour-avoir-libere-le-tortionnaire-de-migrants-libyen-osama-almasri-najim&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Italy facing two complaints with the ECHR for releasing the Libyan migrant torturer Osama Almasri&lt;/a&gt; Najim&#8221;, 1 June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Almasri was recently sentenced by a court in Tripoli to 7 years and 4 months' imprisonment, whilst still being the subject of an arrest warrant issued by the ICC. Libya, which is not a signatory to the Rome Statute (the founding treaty of the ICC), is not obliged to hand him over to the Court. See in this regard Il Post, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/06/21/almasri-condannato-libia-tortura-migranti/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;General Almasri has been sentenced in Libya to 7 years and 4 months for acts of violence against&lt;/a&gt; migrants&#8221;, 21 June 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, on this subject, the information on Libya on Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3565.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;&#8220;The Maghreb states and the European Union are guilty of systematic violations of international law and crimes against&lt;/a&gt; humanity&#8221;, 7 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also Refugees in Libya, &lt;a href=&#034;file:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/Book%20of%20Shame%202025%20Vol.%20I.%20.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034;&gt;&#8220;Book of Shame. How UNHCR Fails to Protect Refugees in Libya, Tunisia, and&lt;/a&gt; Niger&#8221;, 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/fiche_pays_ceuta_0624_ok_def.pdf&#034;&gt;&#8220;CEUTA&lt;/a&gt; Factsheet&#8221;, Isaline Roverato, 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/cp_migreurop_rwanda_jun_22_-_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;&#8220;UK&#8211;Rwanda Agreement: Outsourcing Asylum to Africa, a Massive Deterrent in&lt;/a&gt; Europe&#8221;, 20 June 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68792/autriche--le-regroupement-familial-suspendu-pour-six-mois-supplementaires&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Austria: family reunification suspended for a further six&lt;/a&gt; months&#8221;, 12 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Amnesty International Austria, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.at/presse/nationalrat-beschliesst-quotensystem-bei-familienzusammenfuehrung-amnesty-warnt-vor-verstoss-gegen-menschenrechte/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Nationalrat adopts quota system for family reunification: Amnesty warns of human rights&lt;/a&gt; violations', 19 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Cyprus Mail, &lt;a href=&#034;https://cyprus-mail.com/2026/05/27/migrant-dies-following-balcony-jump-during-immigration-raid&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Migrant dies following balcony jump during immigration&lt;/a&gt; raid&#8221;, 27 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Cyprus Mail, &lt;a href=&#034;https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/03/19/unhcr-expresses-concern-over-alleged-pushback-of-syrian-refugees&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;UNHCR expresses concern over alleged pushback of Syrian&lt;/a&gt; refugees', 19 March 2025 and InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/bn/post/60432/chypre-condamnee-par-la-cedh-pour-le-refoulement-en-mer-de-deux-syriens&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Cyprus condemned by the ECHR for pushing back two Syrians at&lt;/a&gt; sea', 9 October 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See below&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, on this subject, The New Arab, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.newarab.com/news/eyeing-migrant-returns-eu-moves-bolster-syria-ties&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Eyeing migrant returns, EU moves to bolster Syria&lt;/a&gt; ties', 12 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.internazionale.it/notizie/annalisa-camilli/2024/10/18/tribunale-di-roma-migranti-albania&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Rome court does not uphold the detention of migrants in&lt;/a&gt; Albania&#8221;, 18 October 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See SkyTG24, &lt;a href=&#034;https://tg24.sky.it/cronaca/2025/06/09/centri-migranti-albania-come-funzionano-costi&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;How migrant centres in Albania&lt;/a&gt; work', 9 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Fanpage, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.fanpage.it/politica/perche-con-il-nuovo-regolamento-ue-il-governo-meloni-puo-sbloccare-i-centri-in-albania/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Why, under the new EU regulation, Meloni can reopen the centres in&lt;/a&gt; Albania', 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also Italian Coalition for Freedom and Civil Rights (CILD), &lt;a href=&#034;https://cild.eu/blog/2025/12/10/il-protocollo-italia-albania-alla-corte-di-giustizia-ue/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;The Italy-Albania Protocol before the Court of Justice of the&lt;/a&gt; EU&#8221;, 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, the International Federation for Human Rights, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.fidh.org/fr/regions/europe-asie-centrale/irlande/irlande-du-nord-les-violences-et-intimidations-racistes-doivent&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Northern Ireland: racist violence and intimidation must&lt;/a&gt; stop', 11 June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Nikolas Feith Tan, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/0ECC0E27C5A586A214BB3D846CCA9788/9781316517840c10_252-271.pdf/community-sponsorship-of-refugees-and-local-governance.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Community Sponsorship of Refugees and Local&lt;/a&gt; Governance', in &lt;i&gt;Theorising Local Migration Law and Governance&lt;/i&gt;, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2022, pp. 252&#8211;271&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid., p. 258.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject the short documentary by MSF Frontlines, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KqOv3ssnHc&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;One in, one out: thousands of lives at&lt;/a&gt; risk', 21 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;On this point, see PICUM, &lt;a href=&#034;https://picum.org/blog/migrant-smuggling-why-we-need-a-paradigm-shift/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Migrant smuggling: why we need a paradigm&lt;/a&gt; shift', 18 July 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Amnesty International, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.ch/fr/pays/suisse/pas-de-suisse-a-10-millions&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;The &#8220;No Switzerland at 10 million&#8221; initiative: a frontal attack on the protection of human&lt;/a&gt; rights', 7 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Jo&#235;l Andriantsimbazovina, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.leclubdesjuristes.com/international/pressions-politiques-sur-la-cour-europeenne-des-droits-de-lhomme-11031/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Political pressure on the European Court of Human&lt;/a&gt; Rights', Le Club des Juristes, 12 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;A coalition of five Member States has already begun negotiations with third countries with a view to establishing &lt;i&gt;return hubs&lt;/i&gt;. See Euractiv, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euractiv.com/news/eu-return-hub-backers-eye-partner-countries-reveal-by-autumn-says-dutch-minister/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;EU return hubs to be revealed by autumn, says Dutch&lt;/a&gt; minister&#8221;, 5 June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb30&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 30&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Human Rights Watch, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/06/26/dangerous-eu-momentum-towards-offshore-deportation-centers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Dangerous EU Momentum Towards Offshore Deportation&lt;/a&gt; Centres', 26 June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb31&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh31&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 31&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For further reading, see in particular Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3560.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;&#8216;Adoption of the EU &#8220;Return&#8221; Regulation: the death knell for international&lt;/a&gt; law', 26 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb32&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh32&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 32&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Agreements with Libya or Turkey are further examples.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb33&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh33&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 33&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For further information, see Human Rights Watch, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/09/02/gender-apartheid-as-an-international-crime&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Gender Apartheid as an International Crime: Taliban Oppression in Afghanistan Triggers&lt;/a&gt; Campaign', 2 September 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb34&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh34&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 34&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;34&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also Amnesty International, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/location/asia-and-the-pacific/south-asia/afghanistan/report-afghanistan/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Afghanistan: the human rights situation in 2025', 2026&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Revue de presse mai/juin 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3599.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3599.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-07-09T16:27:48Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Egypte</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Libye</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Maroc</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Rwanda</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Autriche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Chypre</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Manche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Gr&#232;ce</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Albanie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Afghanistan</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Suisse</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Enfermement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation des fronti&#232;res</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Politiques migratoires</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pays s&#251;rs</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Renvois forc&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Surveillance et contr&#244;le</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;&#201;gypte/UE EuroNews, &#171; EU pays Egypt billions to manage migration &#8212; Cairo says it is not enough &#187;, le 21 mai 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Face &#224; la crise de l'accueil &#224; laquelle l'&#201;gypte est actuellement confront&#233;e, le Caire presse l'UE d'augmenter ses financements en mati&#232;re de &#171; gestion des migrations &#187;.Le r&#233;gime juge &#171; insuffisante &#187; l'enveloppe de 200 millions d'euros d&#233;di&#233;e dont le pays b&#233;n&#233;ficie actuellement, pour la p&#233;riode 2024-2027. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Depuis presque 30 ans partenaire cl&#233; de l'Union en mati&#232;re (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Enfermement&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation des fronti&#232;res&lt;/a&gt;, 
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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Renvois forc&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Surveillance et contr&#244;le&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Suisse&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_11'&gt;Suisse&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;D&#233;claration de Chisinau&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_12'&gt;D&#233;claration de Chisinau&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Entr&#233;e en application du Pacte migration et asile&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_13'&gt;Entr&#233;e en application du (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Adoption d&#233;finitive du r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_14'&gt;Adoption d&#233;finitive du r&#232;gleme&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Une d&#233;l&#233;gation de Talibans &#224; Bruxelles&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_15'&gt;Une d&#233;l&#233;gation de Talibans (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&#201;gypte/UE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;EuroNews, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euronews.com/2026/05/21/eu-pays-egypt-billions-to-manage-migration-cairo-says-it-is-not-enough&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;EU pays Egypt billions to manage migration &#8212; Cairo says it is not enough&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 21 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Face &#224; la crise de l'accueil &#224; laquelle l'&#201;gypte est actuellement confront&#233;e, le Caire presse l'UE d'augmenter ses financements en mati&#232;re de &#171; gestion des migrations &#187;.Le r&#233;gime juge &#171; insuffisante &#187; l'enveloppe de 200 millions d'euros d&#233;di&#233;e dont le pays b&#233;n&#233;ficie actuellement, pour la p&#233;riode 2024-2027.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis presque 30 ans partenaire cl&#233; de l'Union en mati&#232;re d'externalisation des fronti&#232;res &#8211; pilier de la politique migratoire europ&#233;enne &#8211;, l'&#201;gypte dispose d'un levier de n&#233;gociation consid&#233;rable. Il ne serait d&#232;s lors pas surprenant que les financements europ&#233;ens soient effectivement revus &#224; la hausse, dans une p&#233;riode historique o&#249; les entraves &#224; la mobilit&#233; sont devenues une priorit&#233; absolue pour l'UE.Ce, en d&#233;pit des violations syst&#233;matiques des droits des personnes migrantes dans le pays : les exil&#233;&#183;es en &#201;gypte sont d&#233;tenu&#183;es arbitrairement dans des conditions inhumaines et d&#233;gradantes, et les refoulements continuent d'augmenter&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet la fiche d'information d'EuroMed Droits, &#171; S&#251;r sur le (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En mars 2026, des expert&#183;es ind&#233;pendant&#183;es mandat&#233;&#183;es par le Conseil des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU ont par ailleurs alert&#233; sur une intensification des expulsions et des violations des droits fondamentaux visant les personnes exil&#233;es sur le territoire &#233;gyptien, en particulier les ressortissant&#183;es soudanais&#183;es et syrien&#183;nes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir HCDH, &#171; Egypt : UN experts raise alarm over violations against refugees (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Libye&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20260519-libye-ange-de-la-mort-ancien-directeur-prison-libyen-cpi-khaled-el-hishri&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;L'ange de la mort' : un ancien directeur de prison libyen devant la CPI&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 19 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Du 19 au 21 mai, comparaissait devant la Cour p&#233;nale internationale (CPI), en audience pr&#233;liminaire, Khaled Mohamed Ali El Hishri, membre libyen de la milice des forces sp&#233;ciales de dissuasion et haut responsable de la prison de Mitiga &#224; Tripoli, o&#249; il aurait directement commis, ordonn&#233; et facilit&#233; de multiples crimes entre 2014 et 2020 (crimes de guerre, crimes contre l'humanit&#233;, tortures, viols, meurtres, et autres pers&#233;cutions). Ses victimes auraient &#233;t&#233; cibl&#233;es en fonction de leur genre, de leur origine ethnique, de leur orientation sexuelle et de leur statut migratoire. El Hishri est le premier suspect &#224; compara&#238;tre devant la CPI pour des atrocit&#233;s commises en Libye contre les personnes exil&#233;es,dans le cadre de l'enqu&#234;te men&#233;e depuis 2011 par la Cour, sous mandat de l'ONU&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;14 personnes, dont E Hishri,font actuellement l'objet de mandats (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Apr&#232;s des d&#233;cennies d'impunit&#233;, l'ouverture de ces audiences constitue une avanc&#233;e importante pour les victimes du syst&#232;me de d&#233;tention libyen, aliment&#233; et soutenu par l'Europe &#224; travers ses politiques d'externalisation des fronti&#232;res. La coop&#233;ration de l'UE et de ses &#201;tats membres (notamment l'Italie) avec la Libye repose sur trois piliers : le soutien technique et l'assistance apport&#233;s au &#171; d&#233;partement libyen de lutte contre l'immigration ill&#233;gale &#187; (DCIM) - qui g&#232;re les camps et les prisons o&#249; les personnes migrantes subissent de graves violations des droits humains - ; la formation et l'&#233;quipement des garde-c&#244;tes libyens afin d'intercepter les personnes en mer et de les refouler vers la Libye ; la conclusion d'accords avec les autorit&#233;s locales libyennes et les groupes arm&#233;s en vue de renforcer les contr&#244;les des fronti&#232;res dans le sud du pays&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Amnesty International, &#171; Libye. Les gouvernements europ&#233;ens (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En poursuivant et en renfor&#231;ant ses relations avec la Libye en mati&#232;re de migrations, l'UE se rend complice des crimes aujourd'hui examin&#233;s par la CPI, ainsi que de l'impunit&#233; dont continuent de b&#233;n&#233;ficier plusieurs de leurs auteurs&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour en savoir plus, voir le communiqu&#233; de Refugees in Libya, &#171; Civil (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.Le cas de Najim Isama Almasri illustre bien cette complicit&#233; de longue date. Ancien chef de la police judiciaire libyenne et complice d'El Hishri dans la gestion de Mitiga, il fait lui aussi l'objet d'un mandat d'arr&#234;t international de la CPI.Lorsqu'il se trouvait sur le territoire italien d&#233;but 2025, Rome l'a renvoy&#233; en Libye &#224; bord d'un vol d'&#201;tat, sans le remettre &#224; la Cour&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ce refus de coop&#233;rer avec la Cour a valu &#224; l'Italie deux plaintes devant la (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Almasri a r&#233;cemment &#233;t&#233; condamn&#233; par un tribunal de Tripoli &#224; 7 ans et 4 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71751/jai-peur-je-ne-sors-plus-de-chez-moi--en-libye-les-noirs-se-terrent-terrifies-par-la-chasse-aux-migrants-qui-sevit-dans-le-pays&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;'J'ai peur, je ne sors plus de chez moi' : en Libye, les Noirs se terrent, terrifi&#233;s par 'la chasse aux migrants' qui s&#233;vit dans le pays&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 5 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis d&#233;but juin, les Africain&#183;es d'origine subsaharienne en Libye sont la cible d'une chasse aux migrant&#183;es men&#233;e &#224; la fois par des citoyen&#183;nes hostiles, par les forces de police et par des milices locales. Beaucoup se cachent et n'osent plus sortir de chez eux de peur d'&#234;tre attaqu&#233;&#183;es. Cette vague de violences fait suite &#224; des manifestations anti-immigration devant les locaux du Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r&#233;fugi&#233;s (HCR) &#224; Tripoli, d&#233;clench&#233;es par de fausses informations diffus&#233;es sur les r&#233;seaux sociauxsur l'existence d'un programme imaginaire de r&#233;installation de r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es en Libye. Les manifestant&#183;es r&#233;clamaient le d&#233;part du HCR de Libye et la cessation des activit&#233;s des services d'aide aux r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es. Le HCR s'est dit inquiet des discours de haine des manifestant&#183;es, et a indiqu&#233; travailler en coop&#233;ration avec les autorit&#233;s libyennespour trouver des solutions aux personnes qui ont fui les conflits.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pourtant, ces m&#234;mes autorit&#233;s ont men&#233;, dans le cadre de cette escalade de violence, des rafles massives dans les quartiers o&#249; vivent les personnes exil&#233;es. Il convient par ailleurs de pr&#233;ciser que les rafles et les arrestations arbitraires de personnes migrantes par les autorit&#233;s libyennes sont delongue daterecens&#233;es en Libye. Les personnes concern&#233;&#183;es sont d&#233;tenu&#183;es dans des conditions inhumaines et soumis&#183;es &#224; la torture. Les faits de violences physiques, psychologiques et sexuelles ainsi que l'abandon &#224; la mort dans le d&#233;sert ont &#233;t&#233; &#233;galement largement document&#233;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet les informations relatives &#224; la Libye sur Migreurop, &#171; Les (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le HCR, dont le mandat est de prot&#233;ger les r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es en Libye, semble en r&#233;alit&#233; servir de &#171; caution humanitaire &#187; pour permettre aux &#201;tats europ&#233;ens de poursuivreleur coop&#233;ration avec un &#201;tat failli, o&#249; les droits sont syst&#233;matiquement bafou&#233;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Refugees in Libya, &#171; Book of Shame. How UNHCR Fails to (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Maroc&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71287/on-te-traite-comme-du-betail--des-migrants-arretes-au-maroc-sur-la-route-de-melilla-racontent-leur-calvaire&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;'On te traite comme du b&#233;tail' : des migrants arr&#234;t&#233;s au Maroc sur la route de Melilla racontent leur calvaire&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 8 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fin avril, sept personnes de nationalit&#233; mauritanienne ont tent&#233; de franchir la seule fronti&#232;re terrestre entre le Maroc et l'enclave de Melilla, sous contr&#244;le espagnol. Arr&#234;t&#233;es par la police, elles ont &#233;t&#233; soumises &#224; des traitements d&#233;gradants (dont passages &#224; tabac et vol de leurs effets personnels) avant d'&#234;tre refoul&#233;es &#224; la fronti&#232;re maroco-alg&#233;rienne.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce type de violence est une r&#233;alit&#233; quotidienne pour les personnes qui tentent de rejoindre les territoires de Ceuta et Melilla, situ&#233;es sur le continent africain mais sous contr&#244;le europ&#233;en. La fronti&#232;re entre le territoire marocain et ces enclaves est hautement militaris&#233;e : au fil des ann&#233;es, de hautes barri&#232;res ont &#233;t&#233; &#233;rig&#233;es et un dispositif dense de radars, cam&#233;ras thermiques et infrarouges a &#233;t&#233; d&#233;ploy&#233; tout au long de la ligne frontali&#232;re, dans le but d'emp&#234;cher toute arriv&#233;e sur le sol europ&#233;en. Les refoulements y sont syst&#233;matiques et s'accompagnent souvent de violences physiques et de vols, perp&#233;tr&#233;s tant par les forces marocaines que par les forces espagnoles, dont la collaboration en mati&#232;re de migrations remonte &#224; 1992 (accord sur la circulation des personnes, du transit et de la r&#233;admission des &#233;trangers entr&#233;s ill&#233;galement). Cette coop&#233;ration s'est depuis consolid&#233;e par une s&#233;rie d'accords d'externalisation (entre l'Espagne et le Maroc, mais aussi entre l'UE et le Maroc), qui ont fait de ce pays une v&#233;ritable &#171; zone de blocage &#187; des migrations. Les violations syst&#233;matiques des droits humains &#224; Ceuta et Melilla sont embl&#233;matiques du processus de construction d'une Europe verrouill&#233;e, et se poursuivent en toute impunit&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; Fiche CEUTA &#187;, Isaline Roverato, 2024&#034; id=&#034;nh10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rwanda/Royaume-Uni&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy526klrk20o&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;UK wins court case over collapsed Rwanda asylum deal&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, le 1er juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Cour permanente d'arbitrage (CPA) a rejet&#233; la demande d'indemnisation pr&#233;sent&#233;e par le Rwanda &#224; l'encontre du Royaume-Uni, dans le cadre de l'annulation de l'arrangement migratoire conclu entre les deux &#201;tats en 2022. L'objectif de cet accord informel &#233;tait d'expulser vers le Rwanda les personnes &#233;trang&#232;res arriv&#233;es sur le territoire britannique de mani&#232;re dite &#171; irr&#233;guli&#232;re &#187;, dontla demande de protection avait &#233;t&#233; d&#233;clar&#233;e irrecevable. La Cour supr&#234;me britannique avait d&#233;clar&#233; cet arrangement ill&#233;gal du fait que le Rwanda ne pouvait &#234;tre consid&#233;r&#233; comme un pays s&#251;r pour les exil&#233;&#183;es. En 2024, sous le gouvernement Starmer, l'accord avait finalement &#233;t&#233; annul&#233; et les paiements suspendus. Le Rwanda avait alors engag&#233; une proc&#233;dure d'arbitrage en janvier 2026, r&#233;clamant au Royaume-Uni une indemnisation de 50 millions de livres sterling.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se cl&#244;t ainsi un contentieux qui illustre bien la logique marchande propre &#224; l'externalisation, qui r&#233;duit les exil&#233;&#183;es &#224; une monnaie d'&#233;change permettant d'un c&#244;t&#233; aux pays europ&#233;ens de se d&#233;barrasser des personnes consid&#233;r&#233;es &#171; ind&#233;sirables &#187;, et de l'autre aux r&#233;gimes autoritaires non europ&#233;ens de s'assurer des rentr&#233;es financi&#232;res et d'obtenir une r&#233;habilitation diplomatique en tant que partenaires l&#233;gitimes aupr&#232;s des pays europ&#233;ens&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens Migreurop, &#171; Arrangement Royaume-Uni/Rwanda : externaliser (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Autriche&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/71504/austria-limits-refugee-family-reunification-under-new-quota-system&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;fr&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Austria limits refugee family reunification under new quota system&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 21 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Parlement autrichien a adopt&#233; une nouvelle loi instaurant des plafonds annuels pour le regroupement familial, dont le niveau n'a pas encore &#233;t&#233; fix&#233;. Cette loi fait suite &#224; une mesure de suspension des proc&#233;dures de regroupement familial adopt&#233;e en 2025, motiv&#233;e par une pr&#233;tendue &#171; surcharge &#187; des services sociaux, et adopt&#233;e en invoquant de mani&#232;re injustifi&#233;e la &#171; clause d'urgence &#187; pr&#233;vue &#224; l'article 72 du Trait&#233; sur le fonctionnement de l'Union europ&#233;enne&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; Autriche : le regroupement familial suspendu (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Avec l'introduction de ce syst&#232;me de quotas, l'Autriche bafoue ses obligations en mati&#232;re d'accueil et de protection : la loi entra&#238;nera une s&#233;paration des familles, en violation du droit &#224; la vie familiale prot&#233;g&#233; par l'article 8 de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, ainsi que de la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l'UE et de la Cour europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, qui ont &#233;tabli l'irr&#233;gularit&#233; de quotasappliqu&#233;s au regroupement familial en l'absence d'examen individuel de chaque situation&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Amnesty International Austriche, &#171; Nationalrat beschlie&#223;t (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc8&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chypre&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;CyprusMail, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://cyprus-mail.com/2026/06/08/eu-earmarks-e800m-for-cyprus-to-tackle-immigration&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;EU earmarks &#8364;800m for Cyprus to tackle immigration&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 8 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chypre recevra 800 millions d'euros de l'UE pour la p&#233;riode 2028-2034, destin&#233;s &#224; la &#171; gestion de l'immigration &#187;, soit une hausse de 70 % par rapport aux 480 millions allou&#233;s pour la p&#233;riode 2021-2027.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Jusqu'ici, les financements europ&#233;ens ont &#233;t&#233; utilis&#233;s pour construire des camps, &#224; faciliter les renvois forc&#233;s(Chypre a enregistr&#233; ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es un nombre d'expulsions de personnes migrantes sans pr&#233;c&#233;dent), ou &#224; renforcer les op&#233;rations de d&#233;tection des personnes d&#233;pourvues de droit au s&#233;jour. Fin mai, trois personnes exil&#233;es ont saut&#233; d'un balcon &#224; Larnaca pour &#233;chapper aux rafles qui s'intensifient dans le pays. L'une d'elles est d&#233;c&#233;d&#233;e&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Cyprus Mail, &#171; Migrant dies following balcony jump during (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chypre a &#233;t&#233; &#224; plusieurs reprises accus&#233;e et reconnue coupable de violations des droits des personnes migrantes, notamment de refoulements&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Cyprus Mail, &#171; UNHCR expresses concern over alleged pushback (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Pourtant, la partie sud de l'&#238;le continuera de b&#233;n&#233;ficier du soutien et de la collaboration de l'UE dans ses politiques migratoires attentatoires aux droits et &#224; la vie des exil&#233;&#183;es.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc9&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Al Jazeera, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/6/1/greece-reopens-syrian-and-afghan-asylum-cases-hoping-for-returns&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Greece reopens Syrian and Afghan asylum cases, hoping for returns&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 1 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis f&#233;vrier, la Gr&#232;ce a rouvert l'ensemble des dossiers d'asile susceptibles d'&#234;tre rejet&#233;s. Dans ce cadre, les dossiers des ressortissant&#183;es syrien&#183;nes et afghan&#183;es, et particuli&#232;rement des hommes, font l'objet d'un r&#233;examen quasi syst&#233;matique, avec des taux de rejet en forte hausse.Cette r&#233;vision r&#233;v&#233;lerait une volont&#233; politique plus large de se d&#233;barrasser des exil&#233;&#183;es musulman&#183;es ou originaires de pays &#224; majorit&#233; musulmane, en les expulsant vers des r&#233;gimes o&#249; de graves violations des droits humains sont document&#233;es. Le ministre de la migration et de l'asile, Athanasios Plevris, a par ailleurs assum&#233; ce virage raciste sans d&#233;tour lors d'une r&#233;cente audition parlementaire, d&#233;clarant que la Gr&#232;ce pr&#233;f&#233;rait accueillir des travailleur&#183;ses migrant&#183;es non musulman&#183;es.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La strat&#233;gie grecque s'inscrit dans un climat europ&#233;en de racisme et d'islamophobie croissants. Plusieurs pays europ&#233;ens, l'Allemagne au premier rang, envisagent d&#233;sormais des renvois forc&#233;s de ressortissant&#183;es afghan&#183;es et syrien&#183;nes, en d&#233;pit de la situation extr&#234;mement dangereuse dans leurs pays d'origine. L'Union europ&#233;enne elle-m&#234;me a accueilli une d&#233;l&#233;gation talibane &#224; Bruxelles le 23 juin, afin de n&#233;gocier les expulsions des Afghan&#183;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voirci-dessous&#034; id=&#034;nh16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, et a renouvel&#233; son accord de coop&#233;ration avec la Syrie - mettant fin &#224; lasuspension partielle en vigueur depuis 2011 -, ce qui refl&#232;te une volont&#233; d'acc&#233;l&#233;rer les renvois forc&#233;s des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es syrien&#183;nes r&#233;sidant dans toute l'Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet The New Arab, &#171; Eyeing migrant returns, EU moves to bolster (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc10&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italie/Albanie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;La Repubblica, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2026/05/11/news/palazzo_chigi_centri_albania_migranti_hub_frontiera-425336592/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Palazzo Chigi ci riprova : &#8220;Nei centri in Albania i migranti presi in mare&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 11 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le gouvernement italien travaillerait actuellement sur un nouveau d&#233;cret dans le cadre du protocole d'accord Italie-Albanie (2023). Le but serait de revenir au projet initial d'externaliser dans les camps de Sh&#235;ngjin et Gjad&#235;r&#8211; sous juridiction italienne - le traitement acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233; des demandes d'asile. Les personnes concern&#233;es sont les migrant&#183;esintercept&#233;&#183;es en mer par les autorit&#233;s italiennes, originaires de pays dits &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; et consid&#233;r&#233;es &#171; non vuln&#233;rables &#187;. Selon le gouvernement, ce changement serait rendu possible par le Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile, entr&#233; en application le 12 juin 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le projet initial avait jusqu'ici &#233;t&#233; frein&#233; par plusieurs d&#233;cisions de justice, le tribunal de Rome ayant &#224; plusieurs reprises refus&#233; de valider la r&#233;tention dans les camps en Albanie, estimant que les pays d'origine des personnes concern&#233;es, comme le Bangladesh ou l'&#201;gypte, ne pouvaient &#234;tre consid&#233;r&#233;s comme &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; au regard du droit europ&#233;en&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet &#171; Il tribunale di Roma non convalida il trattenimento dei (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Pour &#233;viter que ces camps ne deviennent inutilisables, l'Italie les a donc convertis en 2025 en centres de r&#233;tention et d'expulsion italiens (CPR)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet SkyTG24, &#171; Come funzionano i centri per migranti in Albania (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.L'entr&#233;e en application du Pacte pourrait toutefois lever ces obstacles. Le Pacte permet en effet de qualifier un pays de partiellement &#171; s&#251;r &#187; et facilite le recours aux proc&#233;dures acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;es pour les ressortissant&#183;es de pays dont le taux de reconnaissance de l'asile est faible (&lt; 20 %). Avec la nouvelle liste europ&#233;enne commune des &#171; pays d'origine s&#251;rs &#187;, ces mesures offrent &#224; l'Italie une base juridique plus solide pour r&#233;activer les centres albanais&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir Fanpage, &#171; Perch&#233; con il nuovo regolamento UE Meloni puo sbloccare i (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mais des doutes persistent encore, notamment quant &#224; la possibilit&#233;, pour l'Italie, ded&#233;tenirdes demandeur&#183;euses d'asile en proc&#233;dure normale sur un territoire situ&#233; en dehors de l'UE, une question soumise &#224; la Cour de justice de l'Union europ&#233;enne (CJUE), qui devrait se prononcer dans les prochains mois&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Coalizione italiana libert&#224; e diritti civili (CILD), &#171; Il (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc11&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71931/suede--le-parlement-vote-une-loi-obligeant-les-administrations-publiques-a-denoncer-les-sanspapiers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Su&#232;de : le Parlement vote une loi obligeant les administrations publiques &#224; d&#233;noncer les sans-papiers&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 16 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lundi 15 juin, le Parlement su&#233;dois a adopt&#233; deux projets de loi visant &#224; intensifier les expulsions des personnes exil&#233;es. La premi&#232;re mesure, dite &#171; snitch law &#187; (loi sur la d&#233;lation), oblige six administrations publiques (emploi, retraites, imp&#244;ts, dettes, assurance sociale et administration p&#233;nitentiaire) &#224; signaler &#224; la police les personnes sans titre de s&#233;jour avec lesquelles leurs fonctionnaires entrent en contact. La deuxi&#232;me, dite loi de &#171; bonne conduite &#187;, pr&#233;voit l'expulsion des personnes &#233;trang&#232;res r&#233;sidant en Su&#232;de qui ne m&#232;neraient pas une &#171; vie honn&#234;te &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ces mesures instaurent en Su&#232;de un appareil &#233;tatique de contr&#244;le et de coercition, qui entra&#238;nera du profilage racial, des discriminations au faci&#232;s et de graves atteintes &#224; l'acc&#232;s aux droits des personnes migrantes. La &#171; snitch law &#187; risque d'emp&#234;cher l'acc&#232;s aux droits sociaux des personnes exil&#233;es, qui pourraient renoncer &#224; des services essentiels, y compris &#224; se rendre &#224; l'h&#244;pital ou &#224; l'&#233;cole, de peur d'&#234;tre&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;d&#233;nonc&#233;&#183;es. En mettant en &#339;uvre l'utilisation syst&#233;matique des administrations et des services publics comme outils de surveillance, elle pr&#233;figure le r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187; - adopt&#233; le 17 juin par le Parlement europ&#233;en -, qui autorise les rafles dans les lieux publics et les domiciles priv&#233;s. La loi de &#171; bonne conduite &#187;, quant &#224; elle, ne pr&#233;cise pas les crit&#232;res permettant de d&#233;finir ce qui constituerait une &#171; mauvaise conduite &#187;. Son caract&#232;re discr&#233;tionnaire expose les personnes exil&#233;es au risque de se voir refuser ou r&#233;voquer leur titre de s&#233;jour sur la base de comportements qui ne sont ni ill&#233;gaux ni sanctionn&#233;s pour les citoyen&#183;nes su&#233;dois&#183;es. Il s'agit de la mise en place d&#233;lib&#233;r&#233;e d'une incertitude juridique et d'une mise sous condition des droits, dissuasive et contraire &#224; l'&#201;tat de droit. Elles pousseront &#224; la peur et &#224; l'autocensure parmi les personnes migrantes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc13&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20260609-attaque-%C3%A0-belfast-les-autorit%C3%A9s-appellent-au-calme-face-au-risque-de-violences-anti-immigr%C3%A9s&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;fr&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Violentes manifestations anti-immigration &#224; Belfast apr&#232;s une attaque imput&#233;e &#224; un r&#233;fugi&#233;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, le 9 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20260613-%C3%A0-belfast-un-vaste-rassemblement-contre-le-racisme-apr%C3%A8s-des-%C3%A9meutes-anti-immigr%C3%A9s&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;fr&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#192; Belfast, un vaste rassemblement contre le racisme apr&#232;s des &#233;meutes anti-immigr&#233;s&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;le 13 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 9 juin, des manifestations anti-immigr&#233;&#183;es se sont tenues &#224; Belfast (Irlande du Nord) au lendemain d'une attaque au couteau imput&#233;e &#224; un ressortissant soudanais, dont la vid&#233;o a &#233;t&#233; diffus&#233;e sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux. Des groupes n&#233;ofascistes organis&#233;s ont incendi&#233; des voitures et des logements appartenant pour la plupart &#224; des personnes exil&#233;es. Quelques jours plus tard, une grande manifestation antiraciste a &#233;t&#233; organis&#233;e pour d&#233;noncer cette vague de violence raciste.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cet &#233;pisode illustre un m&#233;canisme bien connu dans plusieurs pays europ&#233;ens et au-del&#224; : un d&#233;lit ou crime commis par une personne &#233;trang&#232;re est instrumentalis&#233; pour cibler des communaut&#233;s enti&#232;res de personnes exil&#233;es et l&#233;gitimer &#224; leur encontre des attaques violentes et des intimidations &#224; caract&#232;re racial. Cette dynamique s'inscrit dans un contexte de forte mont&#233;e du racisme et de l'extr&#234;me droite au Royaume-Uni - visible tant sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux que dans l'espace public (fresques murales incitant &#224; la haine raciale, rassemblements anti-migrant&#183;es...)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment F&#233;d&#233;ration Internationale pour les Droits Humains, &#171; Irlande (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; - qui menace la vie et la s&#233;curit&#233; des personnes exil&#233;es et des personnes non blanches.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/72119/au-royaumeuni-le-gouvernement-veut-etendre-laccueil-parraine-des-refugies&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Au Royaume-Uni, le gouvernement veut &#233;tendre l'accueil parrain&#233; des r&#233;fugi&#233;s&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 30 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 30 juin, la ministre britannique de l'int&#233;rieur, Shabana Mahmood,&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mahmood-myreforms-will-save-the-asylum-system-for-a-generation&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;a annonc&#233;&lt;/a&gt; la mise en place d'un syst&#232;me d'accueil des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es par parrainage, qui entrera en vigueur &#224; l'automne 2027. Concr&#232;tement, des universit&#233;s, entreprises et autres organisations pourront d&#233;sormais parrainer une personne reconnue r&#233;fugi&#233;e au sens de l'article 1 de la&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/fr/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-relating-status-refugees&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Convention de Gen&#232;ve de 1951&lt;/a&gt;, lui permettant de s'installer l&#233;galement au Royaume-Uni. Ce sont les organisations en charge de ce parrainagequi seront responsables du logement, de l'int&#233;gration et de l'assistance &#224; l'insertion professionnelle des personnes s&#233;lectionn&#233;es. Le nombre de b&#233;n&#233;ficiaires potentiels n'a pas encore &#233;t&#233; pr&#233;cis&#233;, et les candidatures resteront soumises &#224; un contr&#244;le gouvernemental strict.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cet annonce intervient dans un contexte de durcissement g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233; de la politique d'asile britannique. Les dispositifs de parrainage sont en effet fr&#233;quemment utilis&#233;s par les gouvernements pour afficher une image de g&#233;n&#233;rosit&#233; s&#233;lective envers les &#171; vrais r&#233;fugi&#233;s &#187; (Mahmood utilise l'expression &#171; &lt;i&gt;genuine refugees&lt;/i&gt; &#187;), tout en d&#233;tournant l'attention des politiques de dissuasion qui demeurent inchang&#233;es, voire renforc&#233;es. Les parrainages deviennent ainsi les instruments d'une politique de tri, qui permettent aux &#201;tats d'avoir des quotas de personnes entrant sur leur territoire, et qui permettent de s&#233;lectionner certaines cat&#233;gories de r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es, selon leur niveau de qualification ou leur religion (on pense notamment aux parrainages par des &#233;glises)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Nikolas Feith Tan, &#171; Community Sponsorship of Refugees and (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. L'&#201;tat se d&#233;sengage par ailleurs de ses responsabilit&#233;s en mati&#232;re de protection et d'asile, en transf&#233;rant au secteur priv&#233; une obligation qui lui incombe l&#233;galement. Au-del&#224; des b&#233;n&#233;fices individuels dont peuvent jouir les personnes s&#233;lectionn&#233;es, ce dispositif, qui s'inscrit dans un contexte britannique hautement r&#233;pressif &#224; l'&#233;gard des exil&#233;&#183;es, risque de d&#233;naturer l'esprit du droit d'asile, qui pourrait alors &#234;tre r&#233;duit &#224; &#171; une entreprise d'immigration n&#233;olib&#233;rale et privatis&#233;e, r&#233;serv&#233;e aux seuls migrants hautement qualifi&#233;s et &#233;duqu&#233;s, ou &#224; certains groupes ethniques ou religieux &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibidem, p. 258.&#034; id=&#034;nh24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc14&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Royaume-Uni/France&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/06/23/migration-un-premier-pas-vers-une-europeanisation-de-la-gestion-des-traversees-de-la-manche_6708581_3210.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=2&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Migration : un premier pas vers une europ&#233;anisation de la gestion des travers&#233;es de la Manche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 23 juin &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'accord &#171; One in, one out &#187; (2025) entre la France et le Royaume-Uni ne sera pas renouvel&#233; apr&#232;s octobre 2026. Il sera remplac&#233; par un &lt;a href=&#034;https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/ee521a9c-effe-494f-ae61-65ffcf778e46_en?filename=EU Action Plan for the Channel route.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;plan d'action de la Commission europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;pour la route migratoire de la Manche, &#233;labor&#233; en partenariat avec le Royaume-Uni et publi&#233; le 16 juin.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'accord &#171; One in, one out &#187; pr&#233;voit actuellement que pour chaque demandeur&#183;euse d'asile que le Royaume-Uni s'engage &#224; accueillir par &#171; voie l&#233;gale &#187;, la France accepte en retour de r&#233;admettre sur son territoire une personne arriv&#233;e au Royaume-Uni de fa&#231;ondite irr&#233;guli&#232;re&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet le court documentaire de MSF Frontlines, &#171; One in, one out (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le nouveau plan d'action pr&#233;voit une approche r&#233;pressive articul&#233;e autour de trois axes : le renforcement de la coop&#233;ration diplomatique avec les pays d'origine et de transit pour faciliter les expulsions ; la &#171; lutte contre les passeurs &#187; (qui laisse craindre une criminalisation accrue des personnes migrantes et des organisations solidaires&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Sur ce point, voir PICUM, &#171; Migrant smuggling : why we need a paradigm shift (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;) ; et l'augmentation des moyens allou&#233;s aux forces de l'ordre et au contr&#244;le des fronti&#232;res. Sans surprise, le texte fait r&#233;f&#233;rence &#224; la n&#233;cessit&#233; d'entraver la migration &#171; ill&#233;gale &#187; afin de dissuader les personnes d'entreprendre des travers&#233;es dangereuses.Un artifice rh&#233;torique qui occulte que c'est pr&#233;cis&#233;ment le verrouillage des fronti&#232;res qui pousse de nombreuses personnes &#224; continuer d'entreprendre ces travers&#233;esdangereuses.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc15&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_11&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Suisse&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euractiv.com/news/swiss-reject-divisive-anti-immigration-proposal-projections/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;fr&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Swiss reject divisive anti-immigration proposal &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 14 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 14 juin, 54 % des &#233;lecteur&#183;ices suisses ont rejet&#233; l'initiative anti-immigration &#171; Pas de Suisse &#224; 10 millions ! &#187;. Port&#233;e par le parti d'extr&#234;me droite UDC, l'initiative d&#233;signait les demandeur&#183;euses d'asile comme la cause d'une croissance d&#233;mographique mettant en p&#233;ril la &#171; durabilit&#233; &#187; du pays. Le texte exigeait de maintenir la population r&#233;sidente permanente sous le seuil de dix millions d'habitants d'ici 2050, &#224; travers des mesures migratoires r&#233;pressives et contraires aux obligations du pays en mati&#232;re d'accueil et de protection. D&#232;s que la population aura atteint 9,5 millions de personnes, les demandeur&#183;euses d'asile admis &#224; titre provisoire n'auraient plus aucune perspective de rester dans le pays. En cas de d&#233;passement des 10 millions, les accords internationaux accus&#233;s d'encourager la croissance d&#233;mographique devraient&#234;tre ren&#233;goci&#233;s, voire d&#233;nonc&#233;s. L'application de textes tels que le Pacte mondial sur la migration, la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, la Convention de Gen&#232;ve relative au statut des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es et l'Accord europ&#233;en sur la libre circulation des personnes seraitmenac&#233;e&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International, &#171; Initiative &#171; Pas de Suisse &#224; 10 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'initiative a &#233;chou&#233; gr&#226;ce &#224; la forte opposition des associations patronales et syndicales, qui craignaient de lourdes r&#233;percussions sur l'emploi et la croissance.M&#234;me si nombre d'arguments pour le &#171; non &#187; &#233;taient de nature &#233;conomique, le rejet de l'initiative reste une victoire importante et un revers contre le projet de soci&#233;t&#233; de l'extr&#234;me droite. Un projet qui aurait expos&#233; les personnes exil&#233;es &#224; un risque r&#233;el de refoulement aux fronti&#232;res et de suspension des proc&#233;dures d'asile, et qui aurait conduit, par la possibilit&#233; de d&#233;noncer des accords internationaux de protection des droits humains, &#224; un affaiblissement g&#233;n&#233;ral de ces protections pour tous&#183;tes, et pas seulement pour les personnes exil&#233;es.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc17&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_12&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;D&#233;claration de Chisinau&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euractiv.com/news/european-countries-urge-rethink-of-human-rights-on-migration/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;European countries urge rethink of human rights on migration&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 15 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 15 mai 2026, le Comit&#233; des Ministres du Conseil de l'Europe a adopt&#233; &#224; Chisinau (Moldavie) une d&lt;a href=&#034;https://rm.coe.int/pdf/09125948802bc2cc&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#233;claration&lt;/a&gt;qui propose une interpr&#233;tation restrictive de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme (CEDH) afin de faciliter les expulsions des exil&#233;&#183;es d&#233;pourvu&#183;es de droit au s&#233;jour ou ayant commis des infractions graves. La d&#233;claration propose une r&#233;interpr&#233;tation de l'article 8 (droit au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale) permettant de &#171; r&#233;&#233;quilibrer &#187; les droits individuels des personnes exil&#233;es avec &#171; l'int&#233;r&#234;t et la s&#233;curit&#233; publics &#187;. Elle propose &#233;galement une r&#233;duction du champ d'application de l'article 3 (interdiction de la torture et des traitements inhumains et d&#233;gradants), afin qu'un acc&#232;s insuffisant aux soins de sant&#233; ou des conditions socio-&#233;conomiques pr&#233;caires dans le pays d'expulsion ne puissent constituer un traitement inhumain ou d&#233;gradant faisant obstacle au renvoi forc&#233;. Il convient cependant de rappeler que l'article 3 ne souffre aucune exception.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Conseil de l'Europe a ainsi donn&#233; suite &#224; la &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-to-the-conference-of-ministers-of-justice-of-the-council-of-europe&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;d&#233;claration&lt;/a&gt;formul&#233;e en d&#233;cembre 2025 par 27 &#201;tats membres demandant une interpr&#233;tation plus restrictive de la CEDH en mati&#232;re de renvois forc&#233;s. Si la d&#233;claration de Chisinau demeure non contraignante juridiquement, elle constitue une &#233;tape politique pr&#233;occupante qui contribuera - avec les r&#233;centes l&#233;gislations europ&#233;ennes (pays d'origine &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;, pays tiers &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;, r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;) -&#224; ancrer dans l'imaginaire collectif la n&#233;cessit&#233; de syst&#233;matiser les expulsions dangereuses, au nom de pr&#233;tendus imp&#233;ratifs s&#233;curitaires. Elle constitue par ailleurs une ing&#233;rence politique dans l'interpr&#233;tation de la Convention-EDH, illustrant une tendance europ&#233;enne de remise en cause de la l&#233;gitimit&#233; du pouvoir judiciaire&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Jo&#235;l Andriantsimbazovina, &#171; Pressions politiques sur la Cour (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, accus&#233; par plusieurs gouvernements de droite et d'extr&#234;me droite de favoriser des positions progressistes en mati&#232;re de migration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc19&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_13&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entr&#233;e en application du Pacte migration et asile&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mediapart, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/120626/pacte-sur-la-migration-et-l-asile-pour-l-union-europeenne-le-jour-de-la-honte&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Pacte sur la migration et l'asile : pour l'Union europ&#233;enne, le jour de la honte&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 12 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 12 juin, le Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile est entr&#233; en application. Il constitue une r&#233;forme globale de la politique europ&#233;enne en la mati&#232;re, en introduisant des changements profonds aux fronti&#232;res de l'UE.Il instaure de nouvelles proc&#233;dures de filtrage pour toute personne se pr&#233;sentant aux fronti&#232;res ext&#233;rieures de l'UE.&#192; l'issue de ce filtrage, certaines personnes peuvent &#234;tre soumises &#224; des proc&#233;dures d'asile frontali&#232;res acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;es, d&#233;bouchant en cas de rejet sur une expulsion. Durant toutes ces phases, les personnes sont priv&#233;es de libert&#233;, probablement dans des lieux isol&#233;s, difficilement accessibles aux avocat&#183;es, m&#233;decins, journalistes et organisations de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile. Elles sont aussi maintenues dans une &#171; fiction de non-entr&#233;e &#187; juridique : physiquement pr&#233;sentes sur le sol europ&#233;en, elles sont l&#233;galement consid&#233;r&#233;es comme n'y &#233;tant pas entr&#233;es. Cela permet aux &#201;tats de les expulser plus facilement, ouvrant la voie &#224; des standards d&#233;grad&#233;s en mati&#232;re de droits fondamentaux.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La privation de libert&#233; s'impose donc comme la norme, et l'acc&#232;s &#224; l'asile - comme&#224; un recours effectif - est drastiquement restreint. En effet, davantage de personnes seront plac&#233;es en proc&#233;dure acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;e, en partant du principe qu'elles n'ont a priori pas besoin de protection : celles provenant de pays o&#249; le taux de reconnaissance des demandes d'asile dans l'UE est inf&#233;rieur &#224; 20 %, celles provenant de pays d'origine dits &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;, et celles suspect&#233;es de constituer une &#171; menace &#224; l'ordre public &#187;, une notion floue et non d&#233;finie. Par ailleurs, si les personnes vis&#233;es par une d&#233;cision d'expulsion font un recours contre cette d&#233;cision, celui-ci ne sera pas suspensif, et le Pacte autorise l'expulsion avant m&#234;me qu'une d&#233;cision d&#233;finitive ne soit prise.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En sommes, ce Pacte syst&#233;matise &#224; l'&#233;chelle europ&#233;enne l'enfermement, le fichage, le tri et l'expulsion des personnes migrantes aux fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc18&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_14&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Adoption d&#233;finitive du r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;RFI, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/en-bref/20260617-migration-le-parlement-europ%C3%A9en-adopte-la-r%C3%A9forme-pr%C3%A9voyant-des-hubs-de-retour&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Migration : le Parlement europ&#233;en adopte la r&#233;forme pr&#233;voyant des &#171; hubs de re&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;to&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ur &#187;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 17 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/video/2026/06/17/renvoyez-les-scandent-des-elus-d-extreme-droite-au-parlement-europeen_6704287_823448.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=7&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#171; Renvoyez-les ! &#187;, scandent des &#233;lus d'extr&#234;me droite au Parlement europ&#233;en&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, le 17 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 17 juin, le Parlement europ&#233;en a adopt&#233; d&#233;finitivement le r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;, sous les applaudissements et les cris racistesdes d&#233;put&#233;&#183;es de droite et d'extr&#234;me droite scand&#233;s dans l'h&#233;micycle &#171; &lt;i&gt; Send them back ! &lt;/i&gt; &#187; (&#171; Renvoyez-les ! &#187;). Le texte pr&#233;voit une architecture massive de d&#233;tention (allant jusqu'&#224; deux ans, avec possibilit&#233; de prolongement ind&#233;fini en cas de menace pour la s&#233;curit&#233; publique), la conversion de pays tiers en &#171; &lt;i&gt; return hubs&lt;/i&gt; &#187; (plateformes d'expulsion), vers lesquels les migrant&#183;es pourront &#234;tre expuls&#233;&#183;es m&#234;me s'ils ou elles n'ont aucun lien avec ces pays&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Une coalition de cinq &#201;tats membres a d&#233;j&#224; entam&#233; des n&#233;gociations avec des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, ainsi que des mesures &#171; d'enqu&#234;te &#187; autorisant des rafles &#224; domicile et dans les espaces publics, la saisie d'appareils &#233;lectroniques et l'obligation de fournir des donn&#233;es biom&#233;triques aux autorit&#233;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les mesures pr&#233;vues franchissent une ligne rouge en instaurant un r&#233;gime de surveillance &#233;tendue au sein de l'UE : les personnes migrantes d&#233;pourvues de droit au s&#233;jour feront l'objet d'une v&#233;ritable chasse &#224; l'homme et seront expuls&#233;es vers des pays notoirement non s&#251;rs (les gouvernements europ&#233;ens envisagent actuellement des expulsions vers le Rwanda, l'Ouganda, la Libye, l'&#201;gypte...&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Human Rights Watch, &#171; Dangerous EU Momentum Towards Offshore (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh30&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;). Ce r&#232;glement institutionnalise ainsi la violation des droits fondamentaux et du droit international : il entra&#238;nera des atteintes au principe de non-refoulement, bafouera le droit &#224; la vie priv&#233;e et familiale, et exposera les personnes exil&#233;es &#224; des traitements inhumains et d&#233;gradants&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb31&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour aller plus loin, voir notamment Migreurop, &#171; Adoption du r&#232;glement (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh31&#034;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc20&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_15&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Une d&#233;l&#233;gation de Talibans &#224; Bruxelles&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/72051/rencontre-inedite-entre-lue-et-des-responsables-talibans-pour-discuter-du-renvoi-des-afghans-vers-leur-pays-dorigine&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Rencontre in&#233;dite entre l'UE et des responsables talibans pour discuter du renvoi des Afghans vers leur pays d'origine&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 24 juin 2026 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.com/fr/news/les-talibans-profitent-de-leur-visite-a-bruxelles-pour-demander-un-acces-consulaire-en-europe/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Les talibans profitent de leur visite &#224; Bruxelles pour demander un acc&#232;s consulaire en Europe&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187; , le 23 juin 2026 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 23 juin, des membres de la Commission europ&#233;enne ont rencontr&#233; une d&#233;l&#233;gation de Talibans afin de poursuivre les n&#233;gociations sur le renvoi forc&#233; des ressortissant&#183;es afghan&#183;es d&#233;pourvu&#183;es du droit au s&#233;jour en UE. En &#233;change de leur coop&#233;ration pour ces expulsions, les Talibans ont demand&#233; le r&#233;tablissement des services consulaires destin&#233;s aux Afghan&#183;es dans toute l'Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Une fois encore, l'obsession anti-immigration de l'UE conduit &#224; la normalisation des relations avec un r&#233;gime liberticide, dans le but d'expulser &#224; tout prix&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb32&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Les accords avec la Libye oula Turquie en sont d'autres exemples.&#034; id=&#034;nh32&#034;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le r&#233;tablissement des services consulaires &#233;tant une condition fondamentale pos&#233;e par les Talibans, le r&#233;sultat final de ces n&#233;gociations risque d'&#234;tre une l&#233;gitimation de facto du r&#233;gime afghan, qui a mis en place un apartheid de genre&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb33&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour en savoir plus, voir Human Rights Watch, &#171; Gender Apartheid as an (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh33&#034;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; et qui est responsable de la violation syst&#233;matique des droits humains en Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb34&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International &#171; Afghanistan : la situation des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh34&#034;&gt;34&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En normalisant ses relations avec les Talibans, l'Union europ&#233;enne &#233;rode ses propres standards en mati&#232;re de droits fondamentaux, en repoussant toujours plus loin les limites de ce qui est consid&#233;r&#233; comme &#171; acceptable &#187;. Si ces n&#233;gociations aboutissent, les ressortissant&#183;es afghan&#183;es concern&#233;&#183;es risquent d'&#234;tre expuls&#233;&#183;es vers la torture et la mort.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6094 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;31&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/draft_revue_de_presse_mai-juin_2026_.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 293.1 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/visuel_rp-3-d234e.png?1783662833' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Revue de presse mai/juin 2026
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet la fiche d'information d'EuroMed Droits, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/egypt-infosheet-fr.pdf&#034;&gt; S&#251;r sur le papier, dangereux dans la r&#233;alit&#233; : l'&#201;gypte et la politique de retour de l'UE &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir HCDH, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2026/03/egypt-un-experts-raise-alarm-over-violations-against-refugees-and-migrants&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Egypt : UN experts raise alarm over violations against refugees and migrants &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 6 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;14 personnes, dont E Hishri,font actuellement l'objet de mandats d'arrestation internationaux dans le cadre de cette enqu&#234;te. Certaines d'entre elles sont d&#233;c&#233;d&#233;es, d'autres sont en fuite.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2017/12/libya-european-governments-complicit-in-horrific-abuse-of-refugees-and-migrants/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Libye. Les gouvernements europ&#233;ens se rendent complices des violations des droits humains des r&#233;fugi&#233;s et des migrants&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 12 d&#233;cembre 2017&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour en savoir plus, voir le communiqu&#233; de Refugees in Libya, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.refugeesinlibya.org/post/civil-society-statement-detention-crimes-in-libya-finally-before-the-icc-judges-to-decide-whether&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Civil society statement : Detentioncrimes in Libya finally before the ICC : Judges to decide whether El Hishri case moves to trial&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 11 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ce refus de coop&#233;rer avec la Cour a valu &#224; l'Italie deux plaintes devant la Cour europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme. Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71639/litalie-visee-par-deux-plaintes-aupres-de-la-cedh-pour-avoir-libere-le-tortionnaire-de-migrants-libyen-osama-almasri-najim&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'Italie vis&#233;e par deux plaintes aupr&#232;s de la CEDH pour avoir lib&#233;r&#233; le tortionnaire de migrants libyen Osama Almasri Najim&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 1 juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Almasri a r&#233;cemment &#233;t&#233; condamn&#233; par un tribunal de Tripoli &#224; 7 ans et 4 mois d'emprisonnement, tout en faisant toujours l'objet d'un mandat d'arr&#234;t de la CPI. La Libye, non signataire du Statut de Rome (trait&#233; fondateur de la CPI), n'est pas tenue de le remettre &#224; la Cour. Voir &#224; ce sujet Il Post, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/06/21/almasri-condannato-libia-tortura-migranti/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Il generale Almasri &#232; stato condannato in Libia a 7 anni e 4 mesi per le violenze ai danni di alcune persone migranti &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 21 juin 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet les informations relatives &#224; la Libye sur Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3565.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt; Les &#201;tats du Maghreb et de l'Union europ&#233;enne coupables de violations syst&#233;matiques du droit international et de crimes contre l'humanit&#233;&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 7 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Refugees in Libya, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;file:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/Book of Shame 2025 Vol. I. .pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034;&gt;Book of Shame. How UNHCR Fails to Protect Refugees in Libya, Tunisia, and Niger&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/fiche_pays_ceuta_0624_ok_def.pdf&#034;&gt; Fiche CEUTA&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Isaline Roverato, 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/cp_migreurop_rwanda_jun_22_-_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;Arrangement Royaume-Uni/Rwanda : externaliser l'asile en Afrique, arme de dissuasion massive en Europe &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 20 juin 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68792/autriche--le-regroupement-familial-suspendu-pour-six-mois-supplementaires&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Autriche : le regroupement familial suspendu pour six mois suppl&#233;mentaires&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 12 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Amnesty International Austriche, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.at/presse/nationalrat-beschliesst-quotensystem-bei-familienzusammenfuehrung-amnesty-warnt-vor-verstoss-gegen-menschenrechte/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Nationalrat beschlie&#223;t Quotensystem bei Familienzusammenf&#252;hrung : Amnesty warnt vor Versto&#223; gegen Menschenrechte&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 19 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Cyprus Mail, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://cyprus-mail.com/2026/05/27/migrant-dies-following-balcony-jump-during-immigration-raid&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrant dies following balcony jump during immigration raid &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 27 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Cyprus Mail, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/03/19/unhcr-expresses-concern-over-alleged-pushback-of-syrian-refugees&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;UNHCR expresses concern over alleged pushback of Syrian refugees&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 19 mars 2025 et InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/bn/post/60432/chypre-condamnee-par-la-cedh-pour-le-refoulement-en-mer-de-deux-syriens&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Chypre condamn&#233;e par la CEDH pour le refoulement en mer de deux Syriens&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 9 octobre 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voirci-dessous&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet The New Arab, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.newarab.com/news/eyeing-migrant-returns-eu-moves-bolster-syria-ties&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Eyeing migrant returns, EU moves to bolster Syria ties &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 12 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.internazionale.it/notizie/annalisa-camilli/2024/10/18/tribunale-di-roma-migranti-albania&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Il tribunale di Roma non convalida il trattenimento dei migranti in Albania &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 18 octobre 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet SkyTG24, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://tg24.sky.it/cronaca/2025/06/09/centri-migranti-albania-come-funzionano-costi&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Come funzionano i centri per migranti in Albania&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 9 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir Fanpage, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.fanpage.it/politica/perche-con-il-nuovo-regolamento-ue-il-governo-meloni-puo-sbloccare-i-centri-in-albania/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Perch&#233; con il nuovo regolamento UE Meloni puo sbloccare i centri in Albania&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 10 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Coalizione italiana libert&#224; e diritti civili (CILD), &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://cild.eu/blog/2025/12/10/il-protocollo-italia-albania-alla-corte-di-giustizia-ue/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Il Protocollo Italia-Albania alla Corte di Giustizia UE &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 10 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment F&#233;d&#233;ration Internationale pour les Droits Humains, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.fidh.org/fr/regions/europe-asie-centrale/irlande/irlande-du-nord-les-violences-et-intimidations-racistes-doivent&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Irlande du Nord : les violences et intimidations racistes doivent cesser&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 11 juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Nikolas Feith Tan, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/0ECC0E27C5A586A214BB3D846CCA9788/9781316517840c10_252-271.pdf/community-sponsorship-of-refugees-and-local-governance.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Community Sponsorship of Refugees and Local Governance &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, dans{}&lt;i&gt;Theorizing Local Migration Law and Governance&lt;/i&gt;, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2022, p. 252-271&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibidem, p. 258.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet le court documentaire de MSF Frontlines, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KqOv3ssnHc&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;One in, one out : des milliers de vies en p&#233;ril&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 21 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Sur ce point, voir PICUM, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://picum.org/blog/migrant-smuggling-why-we-need-a-paradigm-shift/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrant smuggling : why we need a paradigm shift &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 18 juillet 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.ch/fr/pays/suisse/pas-de-suisse-a-10-millions&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Initiative &#171; Pas de Suisse &#224; 10&#8239;millions &#187;. Une attaque frontale contre la protection des droits humains&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 7 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Jo&#235;l Andriantsimbazovina, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.leclubdesjuristes.com/international/pressions-politiques-sur-la-cour-europeenne-des-droits-de-lhomme-11031/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Pressions politiques sur la Cour europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le club des juristes, 12 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Une coalition de cinq &#201;tats membres a d&#233;j&#224; entam&#233; des n&#233;gociations avec des pays tiers en vue d'&#233;tablir des &lt;i&gt;return hu&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;s&lt;/i&gt;. Voir Euractiv, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euractiv.com/news/eu-return-hub-backers-eye-partner-countries-reveal-by-autumn-says-dutch-minister/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; EU return-hubs revealed by autumn, says Dutch minister&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 5 juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb30&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 30&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/06/26/dangerous-eu-momentum-towards-offshore-deportation-centers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Dangerous EU Momentum Towards Offshore Deportation Centers&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 26 juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb31&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh31&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 31&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour aller plus loin, voir notamment Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3560.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Adoption du r&#232;glement europ&#233;en &#171; retour &#187; : la mise &#224; mort du droit international&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 26 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb32&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh32&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 32&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Les accords avec la Libye oula Turquie en sont d'autres exemples.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb33&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh33&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 33&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour en savoir plus, voir Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/09/02/gender-apartheid-as-an-international-crime&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Gender Apartheid as an International Crime. Taliban Oppression in Afghanistan Triggers Campaign &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 2 septembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb34&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh34&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 34&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;34&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/location/asia-and-the-pacific/south-asia/afghanistan/report-afghanistan/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Afghanistan : la situation des droits humains 2025 &#187;, 2026&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press review April 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3589.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3589.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-05-11T09:26:18Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Afghanistan</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Belgium</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Algeria</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Greece</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Albania</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pays-Bas</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pologne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Detention</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation of borders</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pays s&#251;rs</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Forced returns</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Revolts and mobilisations</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Monitoring and control </dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Tunisia Business News, Taking the streets to break the silence: citizen mobilisation against racism in Tunis, 11 April 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Following a citizens' petition launched on 7 April and shared on social media, a solidarity march against racism took place in Tunis on Saturday 11 April. Slogans were chanted to denounce racist online discourse, discriminatory remarks by certain Tunisian MPs, and the crackdown on migrants and human rights defenders in Tunisia. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Racism against migrants from (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot189.html" rel="tag"&gt;Afghanistan&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot22.html" rel="tag"&gt;Belgium&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot64.html" rel="tag"&gt;Algeria&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot182.html" rel="tag"&gt;Albania&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot210.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pays-Bas&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot47.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pologne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot21.html" rel="tag"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Detention&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation of borders&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot214.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pays s&#251;rs&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Forced returns&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot175.html" rel="tag"&gt;Revolts and mobilisations&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Monitoring and control &lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


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		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisia&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Business News, &lt;a href=&#034;https://businessnews.com.tn/2026/04/11/la-rue-pour-briser-le-silence-mobilisation-citoyenne-contre-le-racisme-a-tunis/1396088/#https://businessnews.com.tn/2026/04/11/la-rue-pour-briser-le-silence-mobilisation-citoyenne-contre-le-racisme-a-tunis/1396088/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Taking the streets to break the silence: citizen &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;mobilisation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; against racism in Tunis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 11 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Following a &lt;a href=&#034;https://tunisiansolidarity.org/en/racisme/#https://tunisiansolidarity.org/en/racisme/#&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;citizens' petition&lt;/a&gt; launched on 7 April and shared on social media, a solidarity march against racism took place in Tunis on Saturday 11 April. Slogans were chanted to denounce racist online discourse, discriminatory remarks by certain Tunisian MPs, and the crackdown on migrants and human rights defenders in Tunisia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Racism against migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and Black Tunisians is intensifying in the country. Disinformation and hate campaigns orchestrated by Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed's government, arbitrary arrests and prosecutions based on false accusations against anti-racist activists&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop, &#8220;Press Review: March 2026&#8221;, 8 April 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh2-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, as well as growing pressure on civil society organisations showing solidarity, are shaping the reality in Tunisia today. This situation is partly a result of the role of &#8216;border guard' that Tunisia has assumed on behalf of Italy and the European Union, particularly since 2023, under the &lt;a href=&#034;https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/pt/ip_23_3887#https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/pt/ip_23_3887&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;EU-Tunisia Memorandum of Understanding&lt;/a&gt;, which is strongly supported by the Italian government and aims to deter and hinder departures to Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Despite this widespread repression, citizen mobilisation demonstrates that civil society is not wavering andcontinues to resist and mobilise in defence of human rights, the violations of which place responsibility on the EU and its externalisation policies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Judgement of the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lebrief.ma, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lebrief.ma/tribunal-permanent-des-peuples-les-etats-du-maghreb-et-lunion-europeenne-responsables-de-violations-systematiques-des-droits-des-migrants-100147142/#https://www.lebrief.ma/tribunal-permanent-des-peuples-les-etats-du-maghreb-et-lunion-europeenne-responsables-de-violations-systematiques-des-droits-des-migrants-100147142/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Permanent Peoples' Tribunal: Maghreb states and the European Union responsible for systematic violations of migrants'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;rights&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 6 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 31 March in Rabat, the jury of the56thsession of the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal (PPT) delivered its &lt;a href=&#034;https://permanentpeoplestribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/TPP_Migrazione_Maghreb_Sentenza_FR_30-marzo-2026.pdf#https://permanentpeoplestribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/TPP_Migrazione_Maghreb_Sentenza_FR_30-marzo-2026.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;final judgement&lt;/a&gt;. Following an indictment drafted by a coalition of civil society organisations, the PPT found the Maghreb states, the EU and several of its member states guilty of systematic and systemic violations of international law (failure to provide assistance to persons in danger, arbitrary detention, torture, refoulement, racial discrimination and human rights violations). During the hearings held in October 2025 in Palermo (Italy), evidence was presented regarding the existence in Libya of a system of refoulement, detention, trafficking and exploitation; refoulement, abandonment in the desert and racist violence in Tunisia; a continuum of violence ranging from arbitrary detention in Libya to the criminalisationof migrants and their supporters in Europe; relentless attacks on civilian sea rescue operations... The EU and its Member States have been deemed complicit in these human rights violations for having financed and encouraged these crimes, notably through their border externalisation policies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Beyond the states' violations of international law, the TPP also mentions the possible classification of these acts as crimes against humanity, insofar as the documented facts result from deliberate choices made by individuals and acts carried out in full awareness.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This judgement, which has no legally binding force, nevertheless represents a symbolic step forward in securing recognition, by a citizens' court, of the crimes committed against migrants. It is a first step towards mobilising public opinion and breaking down the barriers of silence, hatred and marginalisation surrounding migration issues&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop, &#8220;Maghreb and European Union states guilty of systematic (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Belgium&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;RTL info, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rtl.be/actu/belgique/politique/il-ne-peut-plus-sagir-dun-sujet-tabou-le-gouvernement-donne-son-feu-vert-une/2026-04-03/article/784710#https://www.rtl.be/actu/belgique/politique/il-ne-peut-plus-sagir-dun-sujet-tabou-le-gouvernement-donne-son-feu-vert-une/2026-04-03/article/784710&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&#8216;This can no longer be a taboo subject': government gives green light to controversial measure&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 3 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Belgian government has approved, at second reading, the draft bill authorising &#8220;home visits&#8221; (2025), which would allow the police, with a judge's authorisation, to carry out searches at the home of a person without a residence permit who is deemed to pose &#8220;a threat to public order or national security&#8221;, with the aim of arresting and deporting them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The proposal raises serious concerns regarding fundamental rights, such as the right to respect for private and family life (Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights), as well as the principle of the inviolability of the home (Article 15 of the Belgian Constitution). These rights are threatened by the undefined concept of &#8216;danger to public order', which opens the door to arbitrariness. Furthermore, no legal remedy is provided for challengingthe legality of the &#8216;visit', which violates the right to an effective remedy&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Myria, &#8220;Law on home visits: vague conditions and few (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Several civil society organisations and public institutions denounced the draft law as soon as it was tabled last year, considering it to be inconsistent with the criteria of necessity and proportionality&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid.&#034; id=&#034;nh2-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . If approved by Parliament, it would constitute a further step in the construction of a surveillance regime for migrants that European governments are attempting to establish in Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Migreurop, &#8220;Press review February 2026&#8221;, 10 March 2026, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Belgium/Algeria&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70707/la-belgique-conclut-un-accord-avec-lalgerie-pour-accelerer-les-expulsions-dalgeriens-en-situation-irreguliere#https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70707/la-belgique-conclut-un-accord-avec-lalgerie-pour-accelerer-les-expulsions-dalgeriens-en-situation-irreguliere&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Belgium concludes an agreement with Algeria to speed up the deportation of irregular Algerian&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; migrants&#8221;, 2 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Belgium and Algeria have concluded an agreement on the deportation of Algerian nationals. The agreement, which still requires approval by the Belgian Parliament, stipulates that Algeria undertakes to identify its nationals subject to a deportation order within 15 days, as well as to accept the possibility of organising their group deportation on dedicated flights, with the participation of Algerian escorts. However, the legality of group deportations of people of the same nationality is questionable in light of human rights legislation (the European Convention on Human Rights, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union) which prohibits collective deportations. In return, Belgium grants visa-free access to its territory to holders of Algerian diplomatic passports.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is yet another example of agreements - whether formal or informal - concluded with the aim of speeding up the deportation of foreign nationals from Europe in exchange for financial, commercial or political benefits. It amounts to a diplomacy of deportation, in defiance of fundamental rights.Many voices are therefore speaking out to denounce a systematic violation of rights in Algeria: the shrinking of civil society space , severe repression of freedom of expression, infringements on the right to peaceful assembly and association, andallegations of torture and other ill-treatment are some examples of this&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Amnesty International, &#8220;The State of Human Rights in the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Furthermore, severe penalties are provided for in cases of &#8216;illegal' departure from or assistance with departure from Algerian territory, carrying a sentence of up to five years' imprisonment&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid&#034; id=&#034;nh2-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , which is contrary to international law (Art. 12(2) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: &#8216;Everyone shall be free to leave any country, including his own').&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Greece&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c86vpq42dl0o#https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c86vpq42dl0o&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;en&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Greek police using masked migrants to forcibly push other migrants back across&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; border&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 14 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;New evidence has been gathered regarding the recruitment, by the Greek authorities, of migrants to push other migrants back at the border with Turkey (Evros River region). In return, they are reportedly given money, as well as administrative documents allowing them to remain in Greece for 25 days.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This practice is not new and has been documented by several organisations and investigations since at least 2020&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Lighthouse Reports, &#8220;We were slaves&#8221;, 28 June 2022; or (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The recruitment of migrants as &#8220;mercenaries&#8221; is reportedly carried out under duress, after they have crossed the border between Turkey and Greece. Wearing masks, these individuals are reportedly tasked with carrying out pushbacks and committing other acts of violence, such as forced stripping, beatings and theft of personal belongings. In exchange for documents allowing them to remain in European territory for a time. A form of exploitation of migrantsfor the &#8216;control' of borders, onto whom the Greek and European authorities are attempting to shift responsibility for violent practices that violate human rights. In a familiar exercise in denial, both Greece and Frontex claim to have no knowledge of these events.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il Post, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/04/23/cosa-sono-rimpatri-volontari-assistiti-patrocinio-gratuito-migranti-decreto-sicurezza/?utm_campaign=leggi_anche&amp;utm_medium=leggi_anche&amp;utm_source=ilpost#https://www.ilpost.it/2026/04/23/cosa-sono-rimpatri-volontari-assistiti-patrocinio-gratuito-migranti-decreto-sicurezza/?utm_campaign=leggi_anche&amp;utm_medium=leggi_anche&amp;utm_source=ilpost&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;A better understanding of the two migrant issues that have been in the news for&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; days&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 23 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il Post&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/04/24/governo-decreto-sicurezza-modifica-incentivi-rimpatri/#https://www.ilpost.it/2026/04/24/governo-decreto-sicurezza-modifica-incentivi-rimpatri/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;The government has patched up the rule on voluntary&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; repatriation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 24 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 24 April, the Italian government approved a bill aimed at amending a migration-related measure contained in the &#8220;security decree&#8221;, which was adopted by Parliament on the same day. The measure provided for the payment of a &#8364;615 bonus to lawyers handling so-called &#8220;voluntary&#8221; return procedures in the event that the return was successful, but it had been blocked by the President of the Republic on grounds of unconstitutionality. Under this hastily introduced amendment, the bonus will now be paid to lawyers and other parties involved in the implementation of &#8220;voluntary returns&#8221;, regardless of the outcome. The bill still needs to be approved by the Italian Parliament.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A second measure, which came into force as part of the adopted &#8220;security decree&#8221;, removes the automatic provision of legal aid for migrants challenging deportation proceedings. They will now have to prove that they meet the means-testing criteria by providing documents (notably a consular certificate) that are often very difficult to obtain within the time limits set by law.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the name of an &#8216;urgency' to deport people more quickly and efficiently, Italy is undermining its obligations to guarantee rights by attempting to undermine the independence and autonomy of lawyers, and by introducing administrative constraints that make access to legal aid virtually impossible for certain migrant individuals. Although the initial version of the first measure was not adopted, recent developments point to a growing and serious threat to migrants' right to a defence, which should nevertheless be &#8220;full, free and effectively accessible&#8221;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the press release from the National Association of Italian (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italy/Albania&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Politico, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/italy-migrant-detention-hubs-albania-not-against-eu-law-says-top-eu-court-adviser/#https://www.politico.eu/article/italy-migrant-detention-hubs-albania-not-against-eu-law-says-top-eu-court-adviser/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Italy's migrant detention hubs in Albania not against EU law, says top EU court adviser&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 23 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;An Advocate General at the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has ruled that the Italy-Albania Memorandum of Understanding (2023)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further information, see the Migreurop press release, &#8220;Italy-Albania (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; is, in principle, in line with European law. The agreement would not prevent Member States from setting up detention camps outside their territory for the purposes of expulsion procedures and/or the processing of asylum applications, provided that the third country concerned complies with EU law and respects the rights of migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is a non-binding opinion, yet it contributes to the political legitimisation of the latest iteration of the European externalisation policy, initiated by Italy, and which has inspired new European regulations (see the 2026 &#8216;Return' Regulation).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In this regard, the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights noted in 2023 that &#8220;the possibility of lodging an asylum application and having it examined on the territory of Member States remains an indispensable component of a reliable system that respects human rights&#8221;, adding that &#8220;the Memorandum of Understanding creates an ad hoc extraterritorial asylum regime, characterised by numerous legal ambiguities&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the statement by the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . We must now await the final decision of the CJEU.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Netherlands&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;DutchNews&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.dutchnews.nl/2026/04/senate-rejects-law-to-criminalise-living-in-nl-without-papers/#https://www.dutchnews.nl/2026/04/senate-rejects-law-to-criminalise-living-in-nl-without-papers/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Senate rejects bill to &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;criminalise&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; living in the Netherlands without&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; papers&#8221;, 21 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/61881/les-paysbas-adoptent-le-double-statut-pour-les-demandeurs-dasile#https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/61881/les-paysbas-adoptent-le-double-statut-pour-les-demandeurs-dasile&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;The Netherlands adopts dual status for asylum&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; seekers&#8221;, 23 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 21 April, the Senate rejected a bill aimed at criminalising so-called &#8216;irregular' residence, which would have led to an increased risk of social exclusion for migrants, as well as exposing those providing humanitarian aid &#8211; particularly by supplying food, shelter or any other form of support &#8211; to legal risks.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This rejection follows a widespread mobilisation of Dutch civil society. Around 120 organisations joined the &lt;i&gt;&#8220;Stop de &lt;/i&gt;asielwetten&#8221; (Stop the asylum laws) campaign, highlighting the potential negative effects of the law on effective access to fundamental rights such as education, healthcare and legal aid, which must be guaranteed regardless of a person's administrative status. Municipalities, including Amsterdam, also voiced their opposition, demonstrating that the local level can act as a counterweight to the state.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, this victory was described as &#8220;bittersweet&#8221; by the campaign coalition&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Stop de Asielwetten, &#8220;A bittersweet victory: (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , as the Senate approved a &#8220;dual status&#8221; system for migrant asylum seekers, which will grant different rights to those fleeing individual persecution &#8211; who would benefit from so-called &#8220;full&#8221; protection as refugees &#8211; and those fleeing wars or natural disasters, who would have limited rights, particularly regarding family reunification. This distinction already exists in many European countries (refugee status and subsidiary protection). Its introduction in the Netherlands, where until now the rights of both categories of asylum seekers were the same, is raising concerns within civil society regarding respect for human dignity. The coalition therefore says it is ready to continue its fight against the Dutch government's repressive migration policies. A struggle that appears increasingly urgent in the current European context, dominated by racist ideologies and legislation that infringes upon the rights of migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Poland&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70764/baisse-des-passages-a-la-frontiere-entre-pologne-et-bielorussie--les-itineraires-dangereux-seront-plus-frequentes#https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70764/baisse-des-passages-a-la-frontiere-entre-pologne-et-bielorussie--les-itineraires-dangereux-seront-plus-frequentes&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Drop in crossings at the Poland-Belarus border: &#8216;Dangerous routes will be used more frequently'&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 10 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Polish government recently reported a sharp decline in attempts to cross the border between Poland and Belarus over the past four years, which it attributes to the increased militarisation of the border and the temporary suspension of the registration of asylum applications. Organisations assisting refugees warn that, in reality, these policies have merely forced refugees to cross the border via underground tunnels under extremely dangerous conditions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Poland &#8211; like other European countries, citing a rise in asylum applications and arrivals on their territory &#8211; has decided to suspend the registration of asylum applications at its borders in 2024. This breach of its international obligations was carried out with the EU's approval, which allows for the restriction of asylum applications under so-called &#8216;exceptional' circumstances, particularly for Member States facing a &#8216;crisis situation', a &#8216;mass influx' or the &#8216;exploitation of migration flows'. Since 2021, Warsaw has accused Minsk of coordinating with Moscow to facilitate the arrival of migrants in order to &#8220;destabilise&#8221; the EU's territory&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;The suspension of the right to asylum was subsequently extended four times (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Among the consequences of this suspension are the 14,754 illegal pushbacks to Belarus carried out by the Polish authorities between January and December 2025, which violated the rights of those affected and exposed them to inhuman and degrading conditions&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the joint report &#8220;Beaten back at Europe's borders &#8211; 2025 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . However, the increase in border crossings via tunnels and other alternative routes demonstrates once again that repressive and security-focused migration policies do not put an end to migration flows: they make the journeys more dangerous and longer, and force migrants to turn to facilitators who have become necessary in the context of closed borders&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;According to the report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom/France&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/04/23/nouvel-accord-franco-britannique-pour-endiguer-les-traversees-de-migrants-en-manche_6682464_3210.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=2#https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/04/23/nouvel-accord-franco-britannique-pour-endiguer-les-traversees-de-migrants-en-manche_6682464_3210.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=2&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;New Franco-British agreement to stem migrant crossings of the English Channel&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 23 April 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;France and the United Kingdom have reached an agreement to extend the cooperation agreement aimed at preventing so-called &#8220;irregular&#8221; crossings of the English Channel (&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/IMG/pdf/accord_france-royaumeuni_2018.pdf#https://www.gisti.org/IMG/pdf/accord_france-royaumeuni_2018.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Sandhurst Treaty&lt;/a&gt;, 2018)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;The Sandhurst Treaty provides that the United Kingdom shall fund part of the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The United Kingdom will provide funding of up to &#8364;766 million over three years, including a &#8220;flexible component&#8221; (&#8364;186 million), conditional on the effectiveness of measures taken to &#8220;prevent attempted crossings&#8221;. This decision comes after months of tension, during which the UK had insisted that France increase at-sea interceptions of &lt;i&gt;&#8220;small &lt;/i&gt;boats&#8221; (small vessels used for Channel crossings), failing which it would not have renewed its funding&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject InfoMigrants, &#8220;Crossings of the English Channel: London (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;France had initially opposed this, with the Secretary of State for the Sea, Xavier Ducept, emphasising that the interception practices demanded by the UK risked violating international law and &#8220;endangering the lives of migrants and French officers&#8221;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid.&#034; id=&#034;nh2-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Indeed, interceptions by French law enforcement agencies to return migrantsto the French coast (&lt;i&gt;pullback&lt;/i&gt;) &#8211; on behalf of the United Kingdom &#8211; constitute a form of refoulement, a practice contrary to international law and an infringement of the right to asylum.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, numerous violent &lt;i&gt;pushbacks &lt;/i&gt;have already been documented in connection with the UK-funded French &#8216;surveillance' operations in the English Channel&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See The Guardian, &#8220;Revealed: UK-funded French forces putting migrants' lives (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Furthermore, police operations carried out against migrants on the French coast, with the aim of preventing departures to the UK (violent dismantling of camps, use of tear gas, seizure of personal belongings, physical assaults), constantly endanger the safety, rights and lives of migrants&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the report by the Human Rights Network, &#8220;You can't stay but you can't go (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . France is therefore setting aside its &#8216;concerns' regarding the lives of migrants and respect for the law in favour of a deadly cooperation&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See InfoMigrants, &#8220;Tighter police controls make crossing the Channel more (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; that has gone from strength to strength over the last twenty years (the Le Touquet agreements, the &#8216;One In, One Out' agreement).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Negotiations between the EU and the Taliban&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/exclusif-bruxelles-devrait-accueillir-les-talibans-pour-des-discussions-sur-les-expulsions-dafghans/#https://euractiv.fr/news/exclusif-bruxelles-devrait-accueillir-les-talibans-pour-des-discussions-sur-les-expulsions-dafghans/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Brussels set to host the Taliban for talks on the deportation of Afghans&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 21 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The European Union is preparing to host a Taliban delegation to continue discussions on the deportation of Afghan nationals from European territory (January 2026)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Euractiv, &#8220;Migration: European Commission announces that (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , particularly regarding the cooperation of the Afghan authorities in the process of identification and the issuance of travel documents.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These talks take place against a backdrop of growing pressure from Member State governments to establish a European mechanism to coordinate the deportation of Afghans without the right to reside or who have been convicted by the courts. In October 2025, 20 Member States, at Belgium's initiative, had asked the European Commission to establish this mechanism, and in February 2026 Germany became the first European country, since the Taliban took power (2021), to carry out a direct deportation to Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also InfoMigrants, &#8220;Germany deports 20 Afghan criminals to Kabul&#8221;, 27 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Whilst the EU had hitherto hidden behind the fiction of &#8216;safe countries of origin or third countries' to carry out deportations of migrants, it is now taking a further step with the proposed &#8216;return' regulation, which provides for deportations to any third country that has concluded a formal or informal agreement with a Member State or with the Union. However, the compromise text adopted by the European Parliament on 26 March 2026 further stipulates that&#8220;any communication [&lt;i&gt;with third countries for the purposes of readmission&lt;/i&gt;] shall in no way prejudice the Union's position on the status of the territories or entities concerned and shall not be considered as recognition, support or validation of their authority or legitimacy &#8221; (Art. 37). Presented under a supposedly &#8220;technical&#8221; guise, these discussions with the Taliban, whose regime the EU itself acknowledges has led to a &#8220;significant deterioration (&#8230;) in human rights for the Afghan population&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the European Council's factsheet on Afghanistan&#034; id=&#034;nh2-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , could lead to the institutionalisation of the violation of the principle of non-refoulement and expose the individuals concerned to torture, inhuman and degrading treatment, arbitrary executions, and other serious human rights violations in Afghanistan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6042 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;25&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/press_review_april_2026.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 574.4 KiB' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/16-2-01222.png?1778491587' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Press review April 2026
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3571.html?lang_article=fr#https://migreurop.org/article3571.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;&#8220;Press Review: March 2026&#8221;&lt;/a&gt;, 8 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3565.html?lang_article=fr#https://migreurop.org/article3565.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;&#8220;Maghreb and European Union states guilty of systematic violations of international law and crimes against&lt;/a&gt; humanity&#8221;, 7 April 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Myria, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.myria.be/fr/publications/loi-sur-les-visites-domiciliaires-des-conditions-vagues-et-peu-de-garanties#https://www.myria.be/fr/publications/loi-sur-les-visites-domiciliaires-des-conditions-vagues-et-peu-de-garanties&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Law on home visits: vague conditions and few&lt;/a&gt; safeguards&#8221;, 30 July 2025 and Cir&#233;, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cire.be/ceci-nest-pas-une-fiction/#https://www.cire.be/ceci-nest-pas-une-fiction/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;This is not fiction, it is a draft law!&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 27 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3551.html?lang_article=fr#outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&#8220;Press review February&lt;/a&gt; 2026&#8221;, 10 March 2026, on the &#8220;return&#8221; regulation&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Amnesty International, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/aA83DvIqRLdaBqIx_RapportAnnuelAI2024-2025.pdf#https://www.amnesty.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/aA83DvIqRLdaBqIx_RapportAnnuelAI2024-2025.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;The State of Human Rights in the&lt;/a&gt; World&#8221;, April 2025, pages 91&#8211;94&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Lighthouse Reports, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lighthousereports.com/investigation/we-were-slaves/#https://www.lighthousereports.com/investigation/we-were-slaves/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;We were&lt;/a&gt; slaves&#8221;, 28 June 2022; or Human Rights Watch, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/04/07/their-faces-were-covered/greeces-use-migrants-police-auxiliaries-pushbacks#https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/04/07/their-faces-were-covered/greeces-use-migrants-police-auxiliaries-pushbacks&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Their Faces Were Covered&#8221;. Greece's Use of Migrants as Police Auxiliaries in Pushbacks&lt;/a&gt;, 7 April 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the press release from the National Association of Italian Magistrates (ANM), &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.associazionemagistrati.it/doc/5077/sicurezza-sconcerto-per-attacco-a-diritto-di-difesa.htm#https://www.associazionemagistrati.it/doc/5077/sicurezza-sconcerto-per-attacco-a-diritto-di-difesa.htm&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Security Decree: dismay at attack on the right to&lt;/a&gt; defence&#8221;, 18 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For further information, see the Migreurop press release, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3230.html#https://migreurop.org/article3230.html&#034;&gt;&#8220;Italy-Albania Memorandum of Understanding on Migration: Cross-Border Cooperation Contrary to International&lt;/a&gt; Law&#8221;, 13 February 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the statement by the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.coe.int/fr/web/commissioner/-/italy-albania-agreement-adds-to-worrying-european-trend-towards-externalising-asylum-procedures#https://www.coe.int/fr/web/commissioner/-/italy-albania-agreement-adds-to-worrying-european-trend-towards-externalising-asylum-procedures&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;The agreement between Italy and Albania confirms the worrying European trend towards externalising asylum&lt;/a&gt; procedures&#8221;, 13 November 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Stop de Asielwetten, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://stopdeasielwetten.nl/actueel/nieuws/strafbaarstelling-van-tafel#https://stopdeasielwetten.nl/actueel/nieuws/strafbaarstelling-van-tafel&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;A bittersweet victory: Criminalisation off the table&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 21 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;The suspension of the right to asylum was subsequently extended four times in 2025 and once in 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the joint report &lt;a href=&#034;file:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/Pushbacks Report 2025.pdf#file:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/Pushbacks Report 2025.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034;&gt;&#8220;Beaten back at Europe's borders &#8211; 2025 annual report on&lt;/a&gt; pushbacks&#8221;,February 2026, pages 11&#8211;13.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;According to the report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/glosom/GLOSOM_2018_web_small.pdf#https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/glosom/GLOSOM_2018_web_small.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Global study on smuggling of&lt;/a&gt; migrants&#8221;, June 2018, the demand for facilitation services is determined primarily by the limitation of so-called &#8220;legal&#8221; routes of access to certain territories.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;The Sandhurst Treaty provides that the United Kingdom shall fund part of the measures taken by France to &#8220;secure&#8221; French beaches, as the Franco-British border is situated on French soil. Since its signing in 2018 and to date, the United Kingdom has paid approximately &#8364;540 million to France.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70665/traversees-de-la-manche--londres-et-paris-prolongent-de-deux-mois-seulement-leur-accord-pour-securiser-la-frontiere#https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70665/traversees-de-la-manche--londres-et-paris-prolongent-de-deux-mois-seulement-leur-accord-pour-securiser-la-frontiere&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Crossings of the English Channel: London and Paris extend their agreement to secure the border by just two&lt;/a&gt; months&#8221;, 1 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See The Guardian, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/mar/23/uk-funding-french-migrants-small-boat-border-forces#https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/mar/23/uk-funding-french-migrants-small-boat-border-forces&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Revealed: UK-funded French forces putting migrants' lives at risk with small-boat&lt;/a&gt; tactics&#8221;, 23 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the report by the Human Rights Network, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.humansforrights.org/state-violence#https://www.humansforrights.org/state-violence&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;You can't stay but you can't go &#8211; State violence at the UK-France&lt;/a&gt; border&#8221;, December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70616/le-renforcement-des-controles-policiers-rend-la-traversee-de-la-manche-plus-mortelle-selon-des-chercheurs#https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70616/le-renforcement-des-controles-policiers-rend-la-traversee-de-la-manche-plus-mortelle-selon-des-chercheurs&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Tighter police controls make crossing the Channel more deadly, say&lt;/a&gt; researchers&#8221;, 31 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Euractiv, &lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/migrations-la-commission-europeenne-annonce-que-des-discussions-avec-les-talibans-sur-les-retours-sont-en-cours/#https://euractiv.fr/news/migrations-la-commission-europeenne-annonce-que-des-discussions-avec-les-talibans-sur-les-retours-sont-en-cours/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Migration: European Commission announces that discussions with the Taliban on returns are&lt;/a&gt; underway&#8221;, 20 October 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70091/lallemagne-expulse-20-criminels-afghans-vers-kaboul#https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70091/lallemagne-expulse-20-criminels-afghans-vers-kaboul&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Germany deports 20 Afghan criminals to Kabul&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 27 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the European Council's &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.consilium.europa.eu/fr/policies/afghanistan-eu-response/#https://www.consilium.europa.eu/fr/policies/afghanistan-eu-response/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;factsheet on Afghanistan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Revue de presse avril 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3588.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3588.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-05-11T08:33:35Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Belgique</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Alg&#233;rie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Gr&#232;ce</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Albanie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pays-Bas</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pologne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Afghanistan</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Surveillance et contr&#244;le</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>R&#233;voltes et mobilisations</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Renvois forc&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Politiques migratoires</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pays s&#251;rs</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation des fronti&#232;res</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Enfermement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Tunisie Business News, &#171; La rue pour briser le silence : mobilisation citoyenne contre le racisme &#224; Tunis &#187;, le 11 avril 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&#192; la suite d'une p&#233;tition citoyenne lanc&#233;e le 7 avril et diffus&#233;e sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux, une marche de solidarit&#233; contre le racisme s'est tenue &#224; Tunis le samedi 11 avril. Des slogans ont &#233;t&#233; scand&#233;s pour d&#233;noncer les discours racistes en ligne, les propos discriminatoires de certain&#183;e&#183;s d&#233;put&#233;&#183;e&#183;s tunisien&#183;ne&#183;s, ainsi que la r&#233;pression visant les migrant&#183;e&#183;s et (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Belgique/Alg&#233;rie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Belgique/Alg&#233;rie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Gr&#232;ce&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Italie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italie/Albanie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Italie/Albanie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Pays-Bas&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Pays-Bas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Pologne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Pologne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni/France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Royaume-Uni/France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;N&#233;gociations entre l'UE et les talibans&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;N&#233;gociations entre l'UE et (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Business News, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://businessnews.com.tn/2026/04/11/la-rue-pour-briser-le-silence-mobilisation-citoyenne-contre-le-racisme-a-tunis/1396088/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;La rue pour briser le silence : mobilisation citoyenne contre le racisme &#224; Tunis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 11 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#192; la suite d'une &lt;a href=&#034;https://tunisiansolidarity.org/en/racisme/#&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;p&#233;tition citoyenne&lt;/a&gt; lanc&#233;e le 7 avril et diffus&#233;e sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux, une marche de solidarit&#233; contre le racisme s'est tenue &#224; Tunis le samedi 11 avril. Des slogans ont &#233;t&#233; scand&#233;s pour d&#233;noncer les discours racistes en ligne, les propos discriminatoires de certain&#183;e&#183;s d&#233;put&#233;&#183;e&#183;s tunisien&#183;ne&#183;s, ainsi que la r&#233;pression visant les migrant&#183;e&#183;s et les d&#233;fenseur&#183;e&#183;s des droits en Tunisie.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le racisme envers les migrant&#183;e&#183;s d'Afrique subsaharienne et les Tunisien&#183;ne&#183;s noir&#183;e&#183;s s'intensifie dans le pays. Des campagnes de d&#233;sinformation et de haine orchestr&#233;es par le gouvernement de Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed, des arrestations arbitraires et des poursuites fond&#233;es sur de fausses accusations contre les militant&#183;e&#183;s antiracistes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; Revue de presse mars 2026 &#187;, 8 avril 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh3-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, ainsi que des pressions croissantes sur la soci&#233;t&#233; civile solidaire fa&#231;onnent aujourd'hui la r&#233;alit&#233; tunisienne. Cette situation s'inscrit en partie dans le r&#244;le de &#171; garde-fronti&#232;re &#187; que la Tunisie a endoss&#233; pour le compte de l'Italie et de l'Union europ&#233;enne, surtout depuis 2023, dans le cadre du &lt;a href=&#034;https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/pt/ip_23_3887&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;m&#233;morandum d'entente UE-Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;, fortement soutenu par le gouvernement italien et visant &#224; dissuader et entraver les d&#233;parts vers l'Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Malgr&#233; cette r&#233;pression g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233;e, la mobilisation citoyenne d&#233;montre que la soci&#233;t&#233; civile ne faiblit pas, et continue de r&#233;sister et de se mobiliser pour la d&#233;fense des droits humains, dont les violations engagent la responsabilit&#233; de l'UE et de ses politiques d'externalisation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jugement du Tribunal Permanent des Peuples&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lebrief&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;.ma, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lebrief.ma/tribunal-permanent-des-peuples-les-etats-du-maghreb-et-lunion-europeenne-responsables-de-violations-systematiques-des-droits-des-migrants-100147142/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Tribunal permanent des peuples : les &#201;tats du Maghreb et l'Union europ&#233;enne responsables de violations syst&#233;matiques des droits des migrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 6 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 31 mars &#224; Rabat, le jury de la 56e session du Tribunal permanent des peuples (TPP) a rendu son&lt;a href=&#034;https://permanentpeoplestribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/TPP_Migrazione_Maghreb_Sentenza_FR_30-marzo-2026.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;jugement d&#233;finitif&lt;/a&gt;. &#192; la suite d'un acte d'accusation r&#233;dig&#233; par une coalition d'organisations de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile, le TPP a reconnu les &#201;tats du Maghreb, l'UE et plusieurs de ses &#201;tats membres coupables de violations syst&#233;matiques et syst&#233;miques du droit international (non-assistance &#224; personnes en danger, d&#233;tentions arbitraires, torture, refoulements, discriminations raciales, violations des droits). Lors des audiences qui se sont tenues en octobre 2025 &#224; Palerme (Italie), des &#233;l&#233;ments de preuve ont &#233;t&#233; pr&#233;sent&#233;s tels que l'existence en Libye d'un syst&#232;me de refoulement, de d&#233;tention, de traite et d'exploitation ; des refoulements, abandons dans le d&#233;sert et des violences racistes en Tunisie ; un continuum de violences allant de la d&#233;tention arbitraire en Libye jusqu'&#224; la criminalisation des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s et de leurs soutiens en Europe ; des attaques incessantes contre les op&#233;rations civiles de sauvetage en mer...L'UE et ses &#201;tats membres ont &#233;t&#233; consid&#233;r&#233;s complices de ces violations des droits pour avoir financ&#233; et encourag&#233; ces crimes, notamment &#224; travers leurs politiques d'externalisation des fronti&#232;res.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Au-del&#224; des violations du droit international par les &#201;tats, le TPP mentionne &#233;galement la possible qualification de crimes contre l'Humanit&#233;, dans la mesure o&#249; les faits document&#233;s r&#233;sultent de choix d&#233;lib&#233;r&#233;s d'individus et d'actes effectu&#233;s en pleine conscience.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce jugement, qui n'a pas de valeur juridique contraignante, repr&#233;sente toutefois une avanc&#233;e symbolique permettant la reconnaissance, par une juridiction citoyenne, des crimes perp&#233;tr&#233;s contre les personnes migrantes. C'est une premi&#232;re &#233;tape visant &#224; mobiliser l'opinion publique et &#224; d&#233;passer les barri&#232;res du silence, de la haine et de la marginalisation qui entourent les questions migratoires&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; Les &#201;tats du Maghreb et de l'Union europ&#233;enne (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Belgique&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;RTL info, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rtl.be/actu/belgique/politique/il-ne-peut-plus-sagir-dun-sujet-tabou-le-gouvernement-donne-son-feu-vert-une/2026-04-03/article/784710&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il ne peut plus s'agir d'un sujet tabou &#187; : le gouvernement donne son feu vert &#224; une mesure controvers&#233;e&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 3 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le gouvernement belge a approuv&#233; en deuxi&#232;me lecture le projet de loi autorisant les &#171; visites domiciliaires &#187; (2025), qui permettrait &#224; la police, avec l'autorisation d'un juge, d'effectuer des perquisitions au domicile d'une personne sans titre de s&#233;jour, qui repr&#233;senterait &#171; un danger pour l'ordre public ou la s&#233;curit&#233; nationale &#187;, dans le but de proc&#233;der &#224; son arrestation et &#224; son expulsion.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le projet suscite de graves inqui&#233;tudes au regard des droits fondamentaux, tels que le droit au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale (art. 8 de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme), ainsi que du principe de l'inviolabilit&#233; du domicile (art. 15 de la Constitution belge). Ces droits sont menac&#233;s par la notion non d&#233;finie de &#171; danger pour l'ordre public &#187;, qui ouvre la porte &#224; l'arbitraire. En outre, aucun recours n'est pr&#233;vu pour contester la l&#233;galit&#233; de la &#171; visite &#187;, ce qui viole le droit &#224; un recours effectif&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Myria, &#171; Loi sur les visites domiciliaires : des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Plusieurs organisations de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile, et des institutions publiques, ont d&#233;nonc&#233; le projet de loi d&#232;s son d&#233;p&#244;t l'ann&#233;e derni&#232;re, en l'estimant non conforme aux crit&#232;res de n&#233;cessit&#233; et de proportionnalit&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibidem&#034; id=&#034;nh3-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;S'il est approuv&#233; par le Parlement, il constituerait une nouvelle pierre dans la construction d'un r&#233;gime de surveillance des personnes exil&#233;es que les gouvernements europ&#233;ens tentent de mettre en place en Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; Revue de presse f&#233;vrier 2026 &#187;, 10 mars 2026, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Belgique/Alg&#233;rie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70707/la-belgique-conclut-un-accord-avec-lalgerie-pour-accelerer-les-expulsions-dalgeriens-en-situation-irreguliere&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;La Belgique conclut un accord avec l'Alg&#233;rie pour acc&#233;l&#233;rer les expulsions d'Alg&#233;riens en situation irr&#233;guli&#232;re&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 2 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Belgique et l'Alg&#233;rie ont conclu un accord sur l'expulsion des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s alg&#233;rien&#183;ne&#183;s. L'accord, qui doit encore &#234;tre approuv&#233; par le Parlement belge, pr&#233;voit que l'Alg&#233;rie s'engage &#224; identifier ses ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s faisant l'objet d'une mesure d'expulsion dans un d&#233;lai de 15 jours , ainsi qu'&#224; accepter la possibilit&#233; de pr&#233;voir leur expulsion group&#233;e dans des vols d&#233;di&#233;s,avec la participation d'escortes alg&#233;riennes. Pourtant, la l&#233;galit&#233; des renvois group&#233;s de personnes d'une m&#234;me nationalit&#233; est contestable au regard des textes prot&#233;geant les droits humains (Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, Charte europ&#233;enne des droits fondamentaux) qui prohibent les expulsions collectives. En contrepartie, la Belgique accorde un acc&#232;s sans visa &#224; son territoire aux titulaires de passeports diplomatiques alg&#233;riens.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Il s'agit de l'&#233;ni&#232;me exemple d'accords, formels ou informels, conclu afin d'acc&#233;l&#233;rer les expulsions de personnes &#233;trang&#232;res depuis l'Europe, en contrepartie d'avantages financiers, commerciaux ou politiques. Une diplomatie du renvoi, au m&#233;pris des droits fondamentaux. Nombreuses sont ainsi les voix qui s'&#233;l&#232;vent pour d&#233;noncer une violation syst&#233;matique des droits en Alg&#233;rie : r&#233;tr&#233;cissement de l'espace de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile, r&#233;pression s&#233;v&#232;re de la libert&#233; d'expression, atteintes au droit de r&#233;union pacifique et d'association, et all&#233;gations de torture et autres mauvais traitements en sont certaines des illustrations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Amnesty International, &#171; La situation des droits humains (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Par ailleurs, des sanctions s&#233;v&#232;res sont pr&#233;vues en cas de sortie et d'aide &#224; la sortie &#171; ill&#233;gale &#187; du territoire alg&#233;rien, pouvant aller jusqu'&#224; cinq ans d'emprisonnement&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibidem&#034; id=&#034;nh3-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, ce qui est contraire au droit international (art.12-2 Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques &#171; Toute personne est libre de quitter n'importe quel pays, y compris le sien &#187;).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c86vpq42dl0o&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Greek police using masked migrants to forcibly push other migrants back across border&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 14 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;De nouvelles preuves ont &#233;t&#233; recueillies concernant le recrutement, par les autorit&#233;s grecques, de personnes migrantes pour refouler d'autres exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; la fronti&#232;re avec la Turquie (r&#233;gion du fleuve Evros). En contrepartie, celles-ci recevraient de l'argent, ainsi que des documents administratifs leur permettant de demeurer en Gr&#232;ce pendant 25 jours.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette pratique n'est pas in&#233;dite et est document&#233;e par plusieurs organisations et enqu&#234;tes depuis au moins 2020&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Lighthouse Reports, &#171; &#8220;We were slaves&#8221; &#187;, 28 juin 2022 ; ou (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le recrutement d'exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s en tant que &#171; mercenaires &#187; se ferait sous la contrainte, apr&#232;s leur franchissement de la fronti&#232;re entre la Turquie et la Gr&#232;ce. Masqu&#233;es, ces personnes seraient charg&#233;es de proc&#233;der &#224; des refoulements et d'exercer d'autres formes de violences, telles que des d&#233;shabillages forc&#233;s, des passages &#224; tabac et des vols d'effets personnels. En &#233;change de documents leur permettant de se maintenir un temps sur le territoire europ&#233;en.Une forme d'exploitation des migrant&#183;e&#183;s pour le &#171; contr&#244;le &#187; des fronti&#232;res, &#224; qui les autorit&#233;s grecques et europ&#233;ennes tenteraient de transf&#233;rer la responsabilit&#233; de pratiques violentes et attentatoires aux droits humains. Dans un exercice bien connu de d&#233;ni, la Gr&#232;ce comme Frontex d&#233;clarent ne pas avoir connaissance de ces faits.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il Post, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/04/23/cosa-sono-rimpatri-volontari-assistiti-patrocinio-gratuito-migranti-decreto-sicurezza/?utm_campaign=leggi_anche&amp;utm_medium=leggi_anche&amp;utm_source=ilpost&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Capire meglio le due questioni sui migranti di cui si parla da giorni&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 23 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Post&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/04/24/governo-decreto-sicurezza-modifica-incentivi-rimpatri/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;fr&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il governo ha messo una pezza alla norma sui rimpatri volontari&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 24 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 24 avril, le gouvernement italien a approuv&#233; un projet de loi visant &#224; modifier une mesure relative aux migrations contenue dans le &#171; d&#233;cret s&#251;ret&#233; &#187;, adopt&#233; le m&#234;me jour par le Parlement . La mesure pr&#233;voyait l'octroi d'une prime de 615 euros aux avocat&#183;e&#183;s charg&#233;&#183;e&#183;s des proc&#233;dures de retour dit &#171; volontaire &#187; dans le cas o&#249; ce retour aboutirait, mais elle avait &#233;t&#233; bloqu&#233;e par le Pr&#233;sident de la R&#233;publique pour motif d'inconstitutionnalit&#233;. Dans cette modification pr&#233;cipit&#233;e, la prime sera d&#233;sormais vers&#233;e aux avocat&#183;e&#183;s et &#224; d'autres acteur&#183;rice&#183;s impliqu&#233;&#183;e&#183;s dans la mise en &#339;uvre des &#171; retours volontaires &#187;, ind&#233;pendamment de l'issue. Le projet de loi doit encore &#234;tre approuv&#233; par le Parlement italien.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Une deuxi&#232;me mesure, entr&#233;e en vigueur dans le cadre du &#171; d&#233;cret s&#251;ret&#233; &#187; adopt&#233;, supprime l'octroi automatique de l'aide juridictionnelle pour les personnes migrantes contestant une proc&#233;dure d'expulsion. Celles-ci devront d&#233;sormais prouver qu'elles remplissent les conditions de ressources en fournissant des documents (notamment une attestation consulaire) souvent tr&#232;s difficiles &#224; obtenir dans les d&#233;lais pr&#233;vus par la loi.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Au nom d'une pr&#233;tendue urgence &#224; expulser plus rapidement et plus efficacement, l'Italie porte atteinte &#224; ses obligations en mati&#232;re de garantie des droits, en tentant de fragiliser l'ind&#233;pendance et l'autonomie des avocat&#183;e&#183;s, et en introduisant des contraintes administratives qui rendent l'acc&#232;s &#224; l'aide juridictionnelle pour certaines personnes exil&#233;es quasiment impossible. M&#234;me si la version initiale de la premi&#232;re mesure n'a pas &#233;t&#233; adopt&#233;e, les &#233;volutions r&#233;centes t&#233;moignent d'une menace croissante et grave sur le droit &#224; la d&#233;fense des personnes migrantes, qui devrait pourtant &#234;tre &#171; plein, libre et concr&#232;tement accessible &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de presse de l'association nationale des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italie/Albanie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Politico&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/italy-migrant-detention-hubs-albania-not-against-eu-law-says-top-eu-court-adviser/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Italy's migrant detention hubs in Albania not against EU law, says top EU court adviser &#187; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, le 23 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un avocat g&#233;n&#233;ral &#224; la Cour de justice de l'Union europ&#233;enne (CJUE) a estim&#233; que le protocole d'accord Italie-Albanie (2023)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour en savoir plus, lire le communiqu&#233; de Migreurop, &#171; Protocole d'accord (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; est, en principe, conforme au droit europ&#233;en. Ce dernier n'emp&#234;cherait pas les &#201;tats membres de mettre en place, en dehors de leur territoire, des camps de d&#233;tention d&#233;di&#233;s aux proc&#233;dures d'expulsion et/ou au traitement des demandes d'asile, &#224; condition que l'&#201;tat tiers concern&#233; respecte le droit de l'Union, et les droits des migrant&#183;e&#183;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Il s'agit d'un avis non contraignant, qui contribue pourtant &#224; la l&#233;gitimation politique du nouvel avatar de la politique d'externalisation europ&#233;enne , initi&#233; par l'Italie, et qui a inspir&#233; les nouvelles r&#233;glementations europ&#233;ennes (cf. r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;2026).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Commissaire aux droits de l'Homme du Conseil de l'Europe a dans ce sens rappel&#233; en 2023 que &#171; la possibilit&#233; de d&#233;poser une demande d'asile et de la faire examiner sur le territoire des &#201;tats membres reste une composante indispensable d'un syst&#232;me fiable et respectueux des droits humains &#187;, ajoutant que &#171; le protocole d'accord cr&#233;e un r&#233;gime d'asile extraterritorial ad hoc, caract&#233;ris&#233; par de nombreuses ambigu&#239;t&#233;s juridiques&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir la d&#233;claration du Commissaire aux droits de l'Homme du Conseil de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Il reste d&#233;sormais &#224; attendre la d&#233;cision d&#233;finitive de la CJUE.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pays-Bas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;DutchNews, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.dutchnews.nl/2026/04/senate-rejects-law-to-criminalise-living-in-nl-without-papers/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;fr&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Senate &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;rejects bill to criminalise living in NL without papers&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 21 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/61881/les-paysbas-adoptent-le-double-statut-pour-les-demandeurs-dasile&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;fr&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Les Pays-Bas adoptent le double statut pour les demandeurs d'asile&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 23 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 21 avril, le S&#233;nat a rejet&#233; une proposition de loi visant &#224; criminaliser le s&#233;jour dit &#171; irr&#233;gulier &#187;, qui aurait entra&#238;n&#233; un risque accru d'exclusion sociale des personnes exil&#233;es, ainsi que l'exposition &#224; des risques juridiques pour les personnes apportant une aide humanitaire, notamment en fournissant de la nourriture, un abri ou toute autre forme de soutien.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce rejet arrive suite &#224; une large mobilisation de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile n&#233;erlandaise. Environ 120 organisations ont rejoint la campagne &#171; &lt;i&gt;Stop de asielwetten&lt;/i&gt; &#187; (Halte aux lois sur l'asile), en soulignant les effets n&#233;gatifs potentiels de la loi sur l'acc&#232;s effectif aux droits fondamentaux tels que l'&#233;ducation, les soins de sant&#233; et l'assistance juridique, qui doivent &#234;tre garantis ind&#233;pendamment du statut administratif des personnes. Des municipalit&#233;s, dont Amsterdam, ont &#233;galement manifest&#233; leur opposition, montrant que l'&#233;chelon local peut constituer un contre-pouvoir face &#224; l'&#201;tat.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cependant, cette victoire a &#233;t&#233; qualifi&#233;e de &#171; douce-am&#232;re &#187; par la coalition de la campagne&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Stop de Asielwetten, &#171; Een bitterzoete overwinning : (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, car le S&#233;nat a approuv&#233; un syst&#232;me de &#171; double statut &#187; pour les migrant&#183;e&#183;s demandeur&#183;euses d'asile, qui accordera des droits diff&#233;rents &#224; celles et ceux qui fuient des pers&#233;cutions individuelles &#8211; qui b&#233;n&#233;ficieraient d'une protection dite &#171; compl&#232;te &#187; en tant que r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es &#8211; et celles et ceux qui fuient des guerres ou des catastrophes naturelles, qui auraient des droits limit&#233;s, notamment en mati&#232;re de regroupement familial. Cette distinction existe d&#233;j&#224; dans de nombreux pays europ&#233;ens (statut de r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e et protection subsidiaire). Son introduction aux Pays-Bas, o&#249; jusqu'ici les droits des deux cat&#233;gories de demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile &#233;taient les m&#234;mes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Refugee Help, &#171; House of Representatives agrees to stricter (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, suscite des pr&#233;occupations au sein de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile quant au respect de la dignit&#233; humaine. La coalition se dit donc pr&#234;te &#224; poursuivre sa bataille contre les politiques migratoires r&#233;pressives du gouvernement n&#233;erlandais. Une lutte qui appara&#238;t de plus en plus urgente dans le contexte europ&#233;en actuel, domin&#233; par les id&#233;ologies racistes et les l&#233;gislations attentatoires aux droits des personnes migrantes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pologne&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70764/baisse-des-passages-a-la-frontiere-entre-pologne-et-bielorussie--les-itineraires-dangereux-seront-plus-frequentes&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Baisse des passages &#224; la fronti&#232;re entre Pologne et Bi&#233;lorussie : 'Les itin&#233;raires dangereux seront plus fr&#233;quent&#233;s&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 10 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le gouvernement polonais a r&#233;cemment communiqu&#233; une forte baisse des tentatives de franchissement de la fronti&#232;re entre la Pologne et la Bi&#233;lorussie en quatre ans, qu'il attribue au renforcement de la militarisation de la fronti&#232;re et &#224; la suspension temporaire de l'enregistrement des demandes d'asile. Les organisations d'aide aux personnes exil&#233;es alertent sur le fait qu'en r&#233;alit&#233;, ces politiques n'ont fait que contraindre les personnes exil&#233;es &#224; traverser la fronti&#232;re via des tunnels souterrains dans des conditions tr&#232;s risqu&#233;es.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Pologne &#8211; comme d'autres pays europ&#233;ens, arguant d'une hausse des demandes d'asile et des arriv&#233;es sur leurs territoire &#8211; a d&#233;cid&#233; de suspendre l'enregistrement des demandes d'asile &#224; ses fronti&#232;res en 2024. Cette violation de ses obligations internationales a &#233;t&#233; faite avec l'aval de l'UE, qui permet de limiter l'enregistrement des demandes d'asile dans des circonstances dites &#171; exceptionnelles &#187;, notamment pour les &#201;tats membres confront&#233;s &#224; une &#171; situation de crise &#187;, d'&#171; afflux massif &#187; ou &#224; une &#171; instrumentalisation des mouvements migratoires &#187;. Depuis 2021, Varsovie accuse en effet Minsk de coorganiser avec Moscou l'arriv&#233;e de personnes migrantes afin de &#171; d&#233;stabiliser &#187; le territoire de l'UE&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;La suspension du droit d'asile a ensuite &#233;t&#233; prolong&#233;e quatre fois en 2025 e (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Parmi les effets de cette suspension, figurent les 14 754 refoulements vers la Bi&#233;lorussie op&#233;r&#233;s de fa&#231;on ill&#233;galepar les autorit&#233;s polonaises entre janvier et d&#233;cembre 2025, violant leurs droits et exposant les personnes exil&#233;es &#224; des conditions inhumaines et d&#233;gradantes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le rapport conjoint &#171; Beaten back at Europe's borders - 2025 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La multiplication des franchissements de la fronti&#232;re par des tunnels et autres voies alternatives d&#233;montre une fois de plus que les politiques migratoires r&#233;pressives et s&#233;curitaires ne mettent pas fin aux mouvements migratoires : elles rendent les itin&#233;raires plus dangereux et plus longs, et poussent les personnes exil&#233;es &#224; recourir &#224; des facilitateurs devenus n&#233;cessaires dans le contexte de fermeture des fronti&#232;res&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Selon le rapport de l'Office des Nations Unies contre la drogue et le (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Royaume-Uni/France&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/04/23/nouvel-accord-franco-britannique-pour-endiguer-les-traversees-de-migrants-en-manche_6682464_3210.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=2&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Nouvel accord franco-britannique pour endiguer les travers&#233;es de migrants en Manche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 23 avril 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La France et le Royaume-Uni ont trouv&#233; un terrain d'entente pour prolonger l'accord de coop&#233;ration visant &#224; emp&#234;cher les travers&#233;es dites &#171; irr&#233;guli&#232;res &#187; de la Manche (&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/IMG/pdf/accord_france-royaumeuni_2018.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;trait&#233; de Sandhurst&lt;/a&gt;, 2018)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Le trait&#233; de Sandhurst pr&#233;voit que le Royaume-Uni finance une partie des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le Royaume-Uni fournira un financement qui pourra aller jusqu'&#224; 766 millions d'euros sur trois ans et qui comprend &#171; une partie flexible &#187;(186 millions d'euros), conditionn&#233;e &#224; l'efficacit&#233; des dispositions prises pour &#171; pr&#233;venir les tentatives de travers&#233;es &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette d&#233;cision intervient apr&#232;s des mois de tensions, durant lesquels le Royaume-Uni avait insist&#233; pour que la France augmente les interceptions en mer des &#171; &lt;i&gt;small boats&lt;/i&gt; &#187; (petites embarcations utilis&#233;es pour les travers&#233;es de la Manche), faute de quoi il n'aurait pas renouvel&#233; ses financements&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; Travers&#233;es de la Manche : Londres et Paris (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La France s'y &#233;tait oppos&#233;e au d&#233;part,le Secr&#233;taire d'&#201;tat charg&#233; de la Mer, Xavier Ducept ayant soulign&#233; que les pratiques d'interception exig&#233;es par le Royaume-Uni risqueraient de violer le droit international et de mettre &#171; en danger la vie des personnes exil&#233;es et des agents fran&#231;ais &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibidem&#034; id=&#034;nh3-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En effet, les interceptions par les forces de l'ordre fran&#231;aises pour ramener les exil&#233;.e.s vers le littoral fran&#231;ais (&lt;i&gt;pullback&lt;/i&gt;) - pour le compte du Royaume-Uni - constituent une forme de refoulement, une pratique contraire au droit international et attentatoire au droit d'asile. Mais de nombreux et violents &lt;i&gt;pullba&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ck&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;s&lt;/i&gt; ont d&#233;j&#224; &#233;t&#233; document&#233;sdans le cadre des op&#233;rations fran&#231;aises de &#171; surveillance &#187; dans la Manche financ&#233;es par le Royaume-Uni&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet The Guardian, &#171; Revealed : UK-funded French forces putting (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. De plus, les op&#233;rations polici&#232;res men&#233;es &#224; l'encontre des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s sur les c&#244;tes fran&#231;aises, dans le but d'entraver les d&#233;parts vers le R.U. (d&#233;mant&#232;lement violent de campements, utilisation de gaz lacrymog&#232;ne, saisie de biens personnels, agressions physiques), mettent en danger constant la s&#233;curit&#233;, les droits et la vie des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir le report de Humans for Rights Network, &#171; You can't stay but you can't (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La France met donc de cot&#233; ses &#171; pr&#233;occupations &#187; concernant la vie des migrant&#183;e&#183;s et le respect du droit, au profit d'une coop&#233;ration meurtri&#232;re&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; Le renforcement des contr&#244;les policiers rend (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; qui n'a cess&#233; de se renforcer au cours des vingt derni&#232;res ann&#233;es (accords du Touquet, accord &#171; One In, One Out &#187;).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N&#233;gociations entre l'UE et les talibans&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/exclusif-bruxelles-devrait-accueillir-les-talibans-pour-des-discussions-sur-les-expulsions-dafghans/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bruxelles devrait accueillir les talibans pour des discussions sur les expulsions d'Afghans&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187; , le 21 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'Union europ&#233;enne s'appr&#234;te &#224; accueillir une d&#233;l&#233;gation de talibans afin de poursuivre les discussions sur l'expulsion de ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s afghan&#183;e&#183;s depuis le territoire europ&#233;en (janvier 2026)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Euractiv, &#171; Migrations : la Commission europ&#233;enne annonce (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, notamment en ce qui concerne la coop&#233;ration des autorit&#233;s afghanes dans le processus d'identification et la d&#233;livrance de documents de voyage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ces &#233;changes s'inscrivent dans un contexte de pressions croissantes de la part des gouvernements des &#201;tats membres en faveur de la mise en place d'un m&#233;canisme europ&#233;en visant &#224; coordonner les expulsions des Afghan&#183;e&#183;s d&#233;pourvu&#183;e&#183;s de droit au s&#233;jour ou condamn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s par la justice. En octobre 2025, 20 &#201;tats membres, &#224; l'initiative de la Belgique, avaient demand&#233; &#224; la Commission europ&#233;enne d'instaurer ce m&#233;canisme, et en f&#233;vrier 2026 l'Allemagne a &#233;t&#233; le premier pays europ&#233;en, depuis la prise de pouvoir des talibans (2021), &#224; proc&#233;der &#224; une expulsion directe vers l'Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; L'Allemagne expulse 20 criminels afghans (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si l'UE s'&#233;tait jusqu'ici abrit&#233;e derri&#232;re la fiction des &#171; pays d'origine ou tiers s&#251;rs &#187; pour proc&#233;der &#224; des expulsions de personnes exil&#233;es, elle franchit aujourd'hui une &#233;tape suppl&#233;mentaire avec la proposition de r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;, pr&#233;voyant des expulsions vers tout pays tiers ayant conclu un accord formel ou informel avec un &#201;tat membre ou avec l'Union. Mais le texte de compromis adopt&#233; par le Parlement europ&#233;en le 26 mars 2026 pr&#233;voit en outre que&#171; toute communication [&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;vec les &#201;tats tiers &#224; des fins de r&#233;admission&lt;/i&gt;] ne pr&#233;juge en rien de la position de l'Union sur le statut des territoires ou des entit&#233;s concern&#233;s et ne saurait &#234;tre consid&#233;r&#233;e comme une reconnaissance, un soutien ou une validation de leur autorit&#233; ou de leur l&#233;gitimit&#233; &#187; (art. 37).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pr&#233;sent&#233;es sous un angle pr&#233;tendument &#171; technique &#187;, ces discussions avec les talibans, dont l'UE reconna&#238;t elle-m&#234;me que le r&#233;gime a entra&#238;n&#233; une &#171; d&#233;gradation sensible (&#8230;) des droits de l'Homme pour la population afghane &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment la fiche de l'Afghanistan du Conseil de l'Union europ&#233;enne&#034; id=&#034;nh3-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, pourraient conduire &#224; une institutionnalisation de la violation du principe de non-refoulement et exposer les personnes concern&#233;es &#224; la torture, &#224; des traitements inhumains et d&#233;gradants, &#224; des ex&#233;cutions arbitraires, et &#224; d'autres graves violations de droits en Afghanistan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6037 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;28&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/draft_revue_de_presse_avril_2026.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 260.1 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/4-6-66386.png?1778488618' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Revue de presse avril 2026
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3571.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;&#171; Revue de presse mars 2026 &#187;&lt;/a&gt;, 8 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3565.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt; Les &#201;tats du Maghreb et de l'Union europ&#233;enne coupables de violations syst&#233;matiques du droit international et de crimes contre l'humanit&#233;&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 7 avril 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Myria, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.myria.be/fr/publications/loi-sur-les-visites-domiciliaires-des-conditions-vagues-et-peu-de-garanties&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Loi sur les visites domiciliaires : des conditions vagues et peu de garantie&lt;/a&gt; &#187; , 30 juillet 2025 et Cir&#233;, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cire.be/ceci-nest-pas-une-fiction/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Ceci n'est pas une fiction, c'est un projet de loi !&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 27 novembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibidem&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3551.html?lang_article=fr#outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;Revue de presse f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 10 mars 2026, sur le r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/aA83DvIqRLdaBqIx_RapportAnnuelAI2024-2025.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; La situation des droits humains dans le monde &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, avril 2025, pages 91-94&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibidem&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Lighthouse Reports, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lighthousereports.com/investigation/we-were-slaves/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;We were slaves&#8221;&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 28 juin 2022 ; ou encore Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/04/07/their-faces-were-covered/greeces-use-migrants-police-auxiliaries-pushbacks&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; &#8220;Their Faces Were Covered&#8221;. Greece's Use of Migrants as Police Auxiliaries in Pushbacks&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 7 avril 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de presse de l'association nationale des magistrat&#183;e&#183;s italien&#183;ne&#183;s (ANM) , &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.associazionemagistrati.it/doc/5077/sicurezza-sconcerto-per-attacco-a-diritto-di-difesa.htm&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Decreto Sicurezza : sconcerto per attacco a diritto di difesa&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 18 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour en savoir plus, lire le communiqu&#233; de Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3230.html&#034;&gt;Protocole d'accord Italie/Albanie sur les migrations : une coop&#233;ration transfronti&#232;re contraire au droit international&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 13 f&#233;vrier 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir la d&#233;claration du Commissaire aux droits de l'Homme du Conseil de l'Europe, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.coe.int/fr/web/commissioner/-/italy-albania-agreement-adds-to-worrying-european-trend-towards-externalising-asylum-procedures&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'accord entre l'Italie et l'Albanie confirme l'inqui&#233;tante tendance europ&#233;enne &#224; externaliser les proc&#233;dures d'asile&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 13 novembre 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Stop de Asielwetten, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://stopdeasielwetten.nl/actueel/nieuws/strafbaarstelling-van-tafel&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Een bitterzoete overwinning : Strafbaarstelling van tafel &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 21 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Refugee Help, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.refugeehelp.nl/en/asylum-seeker/news/100517-house-of-representatives-agrees-to-stricter-laws-on-asylum-now-the-senate-must-decide&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;House of Representatives agrees to stricter laws on asylum : now the Senate must decide&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 23 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;La suspension du droit d'asile a ensuite &#233;t&#233; prolong&#233;e quatre fois en 2025 e une fois en 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le rapport conjoint &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;file:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/Pushbacks Report 2025.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034;&gt;Beaten back at Europe's borders - 2025 annual report on pushbacks &lt;/a&gt; &#187;,f&#233;vrier 2026, pages 11-13.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Selon le rapport de l'Office des Nations Unies contre la drogue et le crime, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/glosom/GLOSOM_2018_web_small.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Global study on smuggling of migrants&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, juin 2018, la demande de services de facilitation est d&#233;termin&#233;e surtout par la limitation des voies dites &#171; l&#233;gales &#187; d'acc&#232;s &#224; certaines territoires.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Le trait&#233; de Sandhurst pr&#233;voit que le Royaume-Uni finance une partie des actions men&#233;es par la France pour &#171; s&#233;curiser &#187; les plages fran&#231;aises, la fronti&#232;re franco-britannique &#233;tant situ&#233;e sur le sol fran&#231;ais. Depuis sa signature en 2018 et jusqu'ici, le Royaume-Uni a vers&#233; environ 540 millions d'euros &#224; la France.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70665/traversees-de-la-manche--londres-et-paris-prolongent-de-deux-mois-seulement-leur-accord-pour-securiser-la-frontiere&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Travers&#233;es de la Manche : Londres et Paris prolongent de deux mois seulement leur accord pour s&#233;curiser la fronti&#232;re&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 1 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibidem&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet The Guardian, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/mar/23/uk-funding-french-migrants-small-boat-border-forces&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Revealed : UK-funded French forces putting migrants' lives at risk with small-boat tactics&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 23 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir le report de Humans for Rights Network, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.humansforrights.org/state-violence&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;You can't stay but you can't go - State violence at the UK-France border&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70616/le-renforcement-des-controles-policiers-rend-la-traversee-de-la-manche-plus-mortelle-selon-des-chercheurs&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Le renforcement des contr&#244;les policiers rend la travers&#233;e de la Manche plus mortelle, selon des chercheurs&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 31 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Euractiv, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/migrations-la-commission-europeenne-annonce-que-des-discussions-avec-les-talibans-sur-les-retours-sont-en-cours/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrations : la Commission europ&#233;enne annonce que des discussions avec les talibans sur les retours sont en cours&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 20 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70091/lallemagne-expulse-20-criminels-afghans-vers-kaboul&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'Allemagne expulse 20 criminels afghans vers Kaboul &lt;/a&gt; &#187;,27 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment la &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.consilium.europa.eu/fr/policies/afghanistan-eu-response/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;fiche de l'Afghanistan&lt;/a&gt; du Conseil de l'Union europ&#233;enne&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press review January 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3537.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3537.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-01-29T11:38:02Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Libya</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Mauritania</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Spain</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Belgium</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Greece</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Portugal</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Libya L'Orient-le-Jour, &#8220;21 bodies of sub-Saharan migrants discovered in a mass grave&#8221;, 15 January 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
In Libya, 21 bodies of migrants were discovered in mid-January in a mass grave in Ajdabiya, in the north-east of the country. According to local authorities, the victims were being held in a farm that had been converted into a detention centre for people on the move. Several survivors, found in critical condition, helped locate the mass grave. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Mass graves are regularly discovered in (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot39.html" rel="tag"&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;, 
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		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/13-3-f1df7.png?1769686780' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libya&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Mauritania&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Mauritania&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Rwanda&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Rwanda&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisia&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Spain&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Belgium&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Belgium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Greece&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Portugal&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Portugal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sweden&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Sweden&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Obligations to leave the territory&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_11'&gt;Obligations to leave the (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Libya&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;L'Orient-le-Jour, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1491619/21-corps-de-migrants-subsahariens-decouverts-dans-une-fosse-commune.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;21 bodies of sub-Saharan migrants discovered in a mass grave&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 15 January 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In Libya, 21 bodies of migrants were discovered in mid-January in a mass grave in Ajdabiya, in the north-east of the country. According to local authorities, the victims were being held in a farm that had been converted into a detention centre for people on the move. Several survivors, found in critical condition, helped locate the mass grave.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mass graves are regularly discovered in Libya&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the February 2025 press review and/or UNSMIL, 'Under-Secretary-General (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, and violations of the fundamental rights of migrants are constantly being reported&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the investigation: Afrique XXI, &#8220;In Libya, a deadly prison (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Yet the European Union continues to collaborate with Libya, both in terms of funding&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular NDICI &#8211; Neighbourhood, Development and International (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; granted to 'strengthen border control' and 'migration management', and to train and equip the Libyan 'coast guard'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard: LaLibre, &#8220;Libyan coast guard trained and equipped by the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. In this way, the European Union is helping to maintain a deadly system for migrants in Libya and is therefore complicit in massive human rights violations in the country&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Amnesty International, 'Libya: European governments complicit in human (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Mauritania&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Infomigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/69116/les-ressortissants-africains-sont-les-bienvenus-en-mauritanie-affirme-le-premier-ministre-mauritanien-a-dakar&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;African nationals are welcome in Mauritania, says Mauritanian Prime Minister in&lt;/a&gt; Dakar&#8221;, 9 January 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;During a visit to Dakar on 8 and 9 January, Mauritanian Prime Minister Moctar Ould Diay stated that &#034;all nationals from the African continent and the sub-region [were] welcome in Mauritania&#034;. By offering to accept all nationals from the African continent on its soil, Mauritania is offering a solution to European states which, faced with material and legal impossibilities, are unable to enforce all the obligations to leave the territory that they issue.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This declaration comes at a time when Nouakchott is constantly being criticised for violating the fundamental rights of people on the move&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard the report by the NGO Human Rights Watch, 'Mauritania: (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Due to its location on the Atlantic coast and its proximity to the Canary Islands, Mauritania has become a major transit country to Europe. In March 2024, it signed a migration partnership with the European Union worth more than &#8364;200 million to 'prevent departures' and in October 2025, the EU financed and built two 'temporary reception centres for foreigners' there&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the November 2025 press review&#034; id=&#034;nh4-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By delegating the management of its borders, the European Union has contributed to increasing and intensifying the violence committed against migrants&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also El Sato, 'Spanish government opens two migrant prisons in (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, for whom Mauritania is not a safe country&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the statement by the Mauritanian Human Rights Association.&#034; id=&#034;nh4-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, particularly in view of the refoulements at the Senegalese and Malian borders, the mass arrests in situ, and even the increase in so-called 'voluntary' returns.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Rwanda&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;- &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt;Courrier international, &#8220;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/asile-le-rwanda-poursuit-le-royaume-uni-apres-l-annulation-de-leur-accord-migratoire_239890&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Rwanda sues the United Kingdom after cancellation of their migration&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; agreement&#8221;, 28 January 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Rwanda has initiated arbitration proceedings before the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague against the United Kingdom to claim &#163;50 million after the country suspended payments under the agreement concluded between the two states in 2022&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard: &#8216;UK/Rwanda agreement: outsourcing asylum to Africa, a (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, the aim of which was to outsource to Rwanda applications for protection deemed inadmissible by the United Kingdom. In short, the idea was to send people who had arrived on British territory &#8216;irregularly' to Rwanda, so that Rwanda could process their applications for protection. After many legal and political twists and turns, and following Labour's victory in the British general election in July 2024, Keir Starmer effectively renounced the deal, declaring it &#8216;dead and buried'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular, BBC, &#8216;Starmer confirms Rwanda deportation plan &#8220;dead&#8221;', 6 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This dispute highlights the commercial logic inherent in outsourcing, which &#8216;allows non-European authoritarian regimes to bail themselves out economically and be rehabilitated diplomatically'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid.&#034; id=&#034;nh4-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. It also reveals the limits of this outsourcing, as the agreement was abandoned due to reservations expressed by the British courts&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;UK Supreme Court, AAA and others v. Secretary of State for the Home (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, which ruled that Rwanda was not a &#8216;safe third country' and that there were serious grounds for believing that asylum seekers returned there would be at real risk of being subjected to ill-treatment. Although Rwanda reaffirmed on this occasion its commitment to providing security, dignity and opportunities to migrants, this position continues to contrast with the human rights violations reported in situ&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Amnesty International, Rwanda: the human rights situation, 2024 / Human (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Tunisia&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2026/01/06/en-tunisie-des-humanitaires-liberes-mais-une-repression-toujours-aussi-forte_6660759_3212.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;In Tunisia, humanitarian workers released but repression remains as strong as ever&lt;/a&gt;', 6 January 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;After 20 months in detention, Sherifa Riahi, former director of Terre d'Asile Tunisia, was finally released on 6 January 2026 following her trial. As a reminder, the former director of Terre d'asileTunisie was prosecuted &#8211; along with other executives of the association and local elected officials &#8211; for 'facilitating the entry, accommodation and settlement of people in irregular situations'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Although sentenced to two years in prison, the defendants were released, but their sentences were suspended in view of the duration of their 'provisional' detention. However, this suspended sentence is a means of pressure used by the Tunisian authorities on local elected officials and human rights defenders to hinder their actions. Furthermore, the government of President Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed continues its repeated attacks on human rights defenders&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Migreurop, &#8220;Suspension of FTDES activities in Tunisia&#8221;, 28 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Spain&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Reuters, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.reuters.com/world/spain-opposes-plan-asylum-centres-outside-eu-2026-01-20/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Spain opposes plan for asylum centres outside EU&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 20 January 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;While the European Union is in the process of ratifying the creation of 'return centres' outside its borders for rejected asylum seekers, Spain is opposed to this. Its Minister of the Interior believes that these centres are a false solution with worrying legal and political implications, particularly in view of the centres in Tirana&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, Migreurop, 'Italy/Albania Memorandum of Understanding on (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Although Spain is an exception, its position is accompanied by rhetoric about the effectiveness of the Spanish model, which consists of outsourcing and delegating border management to non-EU countries in order to prevent departures to Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, partnerships with Mauritania, Senegal and Morocco.&#034; id=&#034;nh4-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. This strategy is based on subcontracting migration control to countries where violations of the rights of people on the move are widely documented&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Recently, Migreurop, &#8220;Manifesto against the repression of migrants during (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;While we can welcome the fact that Spain is distancing itself from 'return hubs', its migration policy remains fully in line with the European externalisation strategy, which is pushing its borders and asylum management ever further away and sacrificing human rights in the name of deterrence.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;- El Diario, &#8216;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.eldiario.es/desalambre/cinco-anos-lucha-regularizacion-intrahistoria-movimiento-liderado-migrantes-consiguio_1_12952539.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Five years of fighting for regularisation: the inside story of the migrant-led movement that succeeded&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 31 January 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt; Lib&#233;ration, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/espagne-la-regularisation-de-500-000-sans-papiers-une-avancee-qui-affole-la-droite-20260127_WNJHORDRKNAF5GLCFX32DLST4Q/?redirected=1&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Spain: the regularisation of 500,000 undocumented migrants, a step forward that has the right wing in a panic&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 27 January 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 27 January 2026, the Spanish government approved a decree-law aimed at regularising 500,000 people in an &#8216;irregular' administrative situation. The measure concerns foreigners who have been in Spain for at least five months at the end of 2025, have no criminal record, and certain asylum seekers whose applications were filed before 31 December 2025. The examination of applications for residence permits &#8211; valid for one year for adults and five years for minors &#8211; will begin on 1 April and will be carried out through an accelerated procedure lasting no more than three months.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This extraordinary &#8216;regularisation' operation, born of a popular legislative initiative signed by more than 700,000 people, is the result of years of struggle by migrants themselves, with the support of human rights organisations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in this regard, Sos Racismo Madrid, &#8216;&#161;Regularizaci&#243;n Ya! (Manifesto y (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Spain is thus making a strong political choice, as it has done on several occasions in the past. The country has a programme of continuous regularisation (notably through social or professional roots - &lt;i&gt;arraigo&lt;/i&gt;) and extraordinary operations, when a large group is targeted by temporary policies, as was the case in 2005&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, Lib&#233;ration, &#8216;L'Espagne va r&#233;gulariser en masse' (Spain (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, or during the reform of the Foreigners Act (&lt;i&gt;Extranjeria&lt;/i&gt;) in 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This choice goes largely against the grain of the restrictive policies pursued elsewhere in Europe. Nevertheless, this regularisation, justified by the need to support &#8216;economic growth', follows a logic of migratory utilitarianism by responding to a need for labour and demographic constraints.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Belgium&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Vrt, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/fr/2026/01/22/la-ministre-van-bossuyt-veut-encourager-le-retour-des-syriens-en/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Minister Van Bossuyt wants to encourage Syrians to return by granting them up to &#8364;5,000 in reintegration aid&lt;/a&gt;', 22 January 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Belgian Minister for Asylum and Migration announced that Belgium would increase financial aid for the 'reintegration' of Syrian nationals 'who agree to return home'. Presented as a 'voluntary' measure, this policy is based on a financial incentive that decreases as the asylum procedure progresses and is accompanied, 'as far as possible', by a ban on returning to the territory.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This strategy is part of a policy of gradually excluding migrants from the Belgian reception system, whose organised precariousness&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;In particular: lack of accommodation for single men, freezing of asylum (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;serves as a lever to compel 'voluntary returns'. Belgium thus joins other European states which, since 2024 with the fall of Bashar al-Assad's regime, have been increasing the number of measures designed to facilitate and compel the return of Syrian nationals to Syria, despite the continuing violence, political instability and the lack of guarantees of security and rights for those who are 'returned'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, Euractiv, 'Repatriation of Syrians: German Foreign (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;France&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Les Jours, &#8216;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://lesjours.fr/obsessions/immigration-mineurs/ep15-rapport-cgt-juges-cnda/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Africans are savages&#8221;: asylum judges running wild&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 27 January 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Le Monde, &#8216;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2026/01/29/a-la-cour-nationale-du-droit-d-asile-des-propos-racistes-sexistes-et-homophobes-epingles_6664587_3224.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Racist, sexist and homophobic comments exposed at the National Court of Asylum&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 29 January 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The media outlet Les Jours has published a report by the CGT trade union detailing racist, sexist and homophobic comments made by judges at the National Court of Asylum (CNDA) towards asylum seekers, either during hearings or afterwards, during deliberations. As a reminder, this court is responsible for examining appeals against decisions made by the French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons (OFPRA), which is itself responsible for investigating asylum applications.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anonymous testimonies gathered from court officials raise questions about the Court's independence and its ability to guarantee a fair examination of applications for international protection, especially since pressure on the institution and its members has already been denounced&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Mediapart, &#8216;National Court of Asylum: judges denounce &#8220;pressure&#8221;', 3 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. These revelations also call into question its functioning, which relies heavily on temporary judges (around 500, compared to only 26 professional and permanent magistrates), often retired from administrative, financial or judicial courts, or from academia and senior civil service, particularly prefectural service. Insufficiently trained in the specific issues surrounding asylum, these judges are criticised for allowing &#8216;their personal or political convictions' to show.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By expressing racist, sexist or homophobic views within the court, a judge effectively compromises their neutrality and impartiality, which is all the more worrying given that the decisions handed down directly threaten the safety and fundamental rights of people on the move.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Greece&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/01/16/poursuivis-par-la-grece-pour-trafic-de-migrants-24-humanitaires-acquittes-a-lesbos_6662533_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Prosecuted by Greece for migrant smuggling, 24 humanitarian workers acquitted in Lesbos&lt;/a&gt;', 16 January 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The acquittal of Sara Mardini and 23 other volunteers from the NGO ERCI by the Lesbos court ends seven years of arbitrary prosecution and confirms that 'providing humanitarian aid is an obligation, not a crime'. Accused of migrant smuggling, money laundering and membership of a criminal organisation for conducting search and rescue operations in the Aegean Sea between 2016 and 2018, the volunteers faced up to 20 years in prison.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This victory in court is indicative of the criminalisation of humanitarian action by the Greek authorities to deter civilian search and rescue actors at sea from intervening where states have withdrawn. Since 2019, state naval patrols have deserted the Mediterranean Sea in favour of aerial surveillance&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, Amnesty International, 'European Union. Reduction in (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. By allowing these legal proceedings to continue for years, Greece has contributed to hindering the life-saving work of civilian actors at sea and endangering people on the move.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Portugal&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Expresso, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://expresso.pt/internacional/2026-01-12-portugal-escolhe-pagar-mais-de-8-milhoes-para-nao-acolher-refugiados-de-outros-estados-membros-b52c15cd&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Portugal escolhepagar mais de &#8364;8 milh&#245;es para n&#227;oacolherrefugiados de outrosEstados-membros&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 12 January 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For 2026, Portugal prefers to pay &#8364;8.4 million in financial compensation to the European Union rather than take in 420 asylum seekers under the 'solidarity mechanism' set out in the Migration and Asylum Pact adopted in 2024, in order to 'relocate asylum seekers fairly across the territory of the European Union'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the November 2025 press review&#034; id=&#034;nh4-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. While the objective is to relocate asylum seekers, the Pact institutionalisesa right of refusal in exchange for the payment of a financial contribution of &#8364;20,000 per person not accepted.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Although it has only just come into force, the (flexible) solidarity mechanism is revealing its true aims: to avoid sharing responsibilities and to finance the fortification of borders and detention. With this pact, the European Union is tackling the problem backwards by claiming to resolve a situation for which it is itself responsible, with sea crossings, for example, being a direct consequence of the closure of European borders. This mechanism is in fact a fallacious device, which organises solidarity between Member States in repression and control, not in the reception of migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Sweden&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Infomigrants, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://expresso.pt/internacional/2026-01-12-portugal-escolhe-pagar-mais-de-8-milhoes-para-nao-acolher-refugiados-de-outros-estados-membros-b52c15cd&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Sweden calls for EU-wide action on returning failed Afghan asylum seekers&lt;/a&gt;', 23 January 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;AP News, &lt;a href=&#034;https://apnews.com/article/migration-deportation-sweden-afghanistan-crime-30a5f85c6eb26aab4ec6d9499473b681&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Failed Afghan asylum seekers need to go back home, Sweden's migration minister&lt;/a&gt; urges&#8221;, 22 January 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sweden is calling on the European Union to take a new step in its policy on the return of Afghan nationals. Its Minister for Migration, Johan Forssell, is advocating the establishment of a common European system for issuing identity and travel documents to facilitate the expulsion of asylum seekers whose applications have been rejected.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Already, in October 2025, 20 Member States signed a joint letter calling on the European Commission to take 'coordinated measures to enable voluntary and forced returns to Afghanistan'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Joint letter from the undersigned ministers on voluntary and forced return (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. By calling on the European Union to open 'technical negotiations' with the de facto Taliban authorities to allow deportations, the states are locking themselves into a major contradiction, wishing to negotiate with a regime that they do not officially recognise. This is particularly true given that Afghanistan cannot be considered a 'safe country of origin.' Since the Taliban regained power in 2021, the country has continued to be marked by massive human rights violations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the UN report, 'No safe haven: Human rights risks faced by persons (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, making any deportation contrary to the principle of non-refoulement and Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2026/jan/04/uk-plans-seize-asylum-seekers-phones-condemned-campaigners&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;UK's plans to seize asylum seekers' phones condemned by campaigners&lt;/a&gt;', 4 January 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cm240jvnen0o&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;New powers to seize phones from migrants come into force&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 5 January 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Home Office has announced that migrants, mainly those arriving via the English Channel, can now have their phones seized by the police without prior arrest or judicial review. The authorities are also authorised to carry out searches, particularly on minors, including 'oral searches' to look for possible SIM cards.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This authorisation to seize mobile phones stems from the Border Security, Asylum and Immigration Bill passed by Parliament in December 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Border Security, Asylum and Immigration Act 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh4-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. However, by introducing anti-terrorism techniques to 'combat smuggling networks', this law once again stigmatisespeople on the move, who, simply by crossing the border, are presumed guilty of posing a threat to security.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Beyond that, these new police powers constitute a broader infringement of the right to privacy and family life. Already in 2022, the High Court of Justice ruled that the confiscation and search of mobile phones by the police was contrary to Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights and data protection laws&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;R (HM and MA and KH) v Secretary of State for the Home Department, 25 March 2022&#034; id=&#034;nh4-29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. A new ruling along these lines risks reigniting Keir Starmer's obsession with reforming the Convention, as he is already engaged in a political bidding war in response to pressure from the far right&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, Le Monde, 'Against illegal immigration, the United (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-30&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2026/jan/05/one-in-one-out-asylum-seekers-accuse-uk-degrading-treatment&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Eighty 'one in, one out' asylum seekers accuse UK of degrading treatment&lt;/a&gt;', 5 January 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the United Kingdom, asylum seekers detained pending their return to France under the 'One in, one out' agreement are denouncing their conditions of detention in the Harmondsworth and Brook House centres. Through reports, testimonies&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-31&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, 'Reports from Harmondsworth and Brook House protesters,' (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-31&#034;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, and peaceful demonstrations in the centres, migrants are appealing to UN bodies, human rights organisations, and the media.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In a collective report sent to UN bodies, the detainees denounce numerous violations of their rights: extreme physical, psychological and emotional abuse. They report a lack of legal assistance, including the inability to access a lawyer, inadequate or non-existent medical care, and widespread degrading practices. Under these conditions, many report episodes of depression, anxiety, forced isolation and attempts at self-harm.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These allegations, which come at a time when the British government has strengthened its repressive arsenal in December 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-32&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid. Border Security, Asylum and Immigration Act 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh4-32&#034;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, highlight the unfairness of the 'One in, One out' agreement, which deprives asylum seekers of their right to an individual assessment, and testify to the injustice and despair that detention camps generate among those trapped there.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;They also reveal the erosion of the right to asylum and the treatment of asylum seekers in the United Kingdom and beyond in Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_11&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Obligations to leave the territory&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Infomigrants, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/69358/au-dernier-trimestre-2025-lue-a-delivre-115-440-obligations-de-quitter-le-territoire-europeen&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;In the last quarter of 2025, the EU issued 115,440 obligations to leave European territory&lt;/a&gt;', 22 January 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the last quarter of 2025, according to figures from the European Commission&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-33&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Eurostat, 'Returns of irregular migrants - quarterly statistics,' updated 10 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-33&#034;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, 115,440 people received an obligation to leave the European Union. France remains the country that issues the most, ahead of Germany and Greece. However, only a minority of these decisions are actually followed by departure. In 2025, 34,000 people left the European Union, some of them through 'voluntary return' schemes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A large proportion of these orders are not enforced, not because of a lack of political will, but because they are materially or legally impossible (lack of consular laissez-passer, proven risks in the country of origin). Certain nationalities, such as Algerian nationals, are particularly targeted by these obligations to leave the territory, even though expulsions remain virtually impossible due to Algeria's refusal to issue consular laissez-passer&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-34&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, Lib&#233;ration, 'Algiers revises list of nationals France (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-34&#034;&gt;34&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Without the possibility of enforcement, these obligations to leave the territory organise the precariousness of people on the move, keeping thousands of people in a legal limbo, without rights or access to regularisation, while preventing them from working. Obligations to leave the territory thus serve as a tool to sideline migrants, while displaying a supposedly 'controlled' migration policy, which allows states to communicate about their 'performance' in terms of forced returns in a Europeincreasingly mired in overt hostility towards migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_5872 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;32&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;x&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/press_review_2026_-_en.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 405 KiB' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/13-2-d34c9.png?1769686705' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Press review January 2026 - EN
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3389.html?lang_article=fr#outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;February 2025 press review&lt;/a&gt; and/or UNSMIL, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://unsmil.unmissions.org/en/under-secretary-general-political-and-peacebuilding-affairs-rosemary-dicarlo%E2%80%99s-remarks&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs Rosemary DiCarlo's remarks to the Security Council on the situation in Libya&lt;/a&gt;,' 19 February 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the investigation: Afrique XXI, &lt;a href=&#034;https://afriquexxi.info/En-Libye-un-systeme-carceral-meurtrier-a-l-ombre-de-l-Europe&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;In Libya, a deadly prison system in the shadow of&lt;/a&gt; Europe&#8221;, 19 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.welcomeurope.com/the-list-of-our-programs/instrument-de-voisinage-de-cooperation-au-developpement-et-de-cooperation-internationale/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;NDICI &#8211; Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard: LaLibre, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lalibre.be/international/europe/2025/08/26/des-garde-cotes-libyens-formes-et-equipes-par-lunion-europeenne-tirent-sur-le-navire-dune-ong-qui-secourt-des-migrants-DZILOZJNK5DJRJI34FDGSSXF4A/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Libyan coast guard trained and equipped by the European Union fires on NGO ship rescuing migrants&lt;/a&gt;,&#8221; 26 August 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Amnesty International, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/press-release/2017/12/libya-european-governments-complicit-in-horrific-abuse-of-refugees-and-migrants/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Libya: European governments complicit in human rights violations against refugees and migrants&lt;/a&gt;,' 12 December 2017&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard the report by the NGO Human Rights Watch, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2025/08/27/mauritanie-des-annees-dabus-lies-aux-controles-des-migrations&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritania: Years of Abuse Linked to Migration Controls&lt;/a&gt;,' 27 August 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3497.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;November 2025 press review&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also El Sato, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.elsaltodiario.com/fronteras/gobierno-espana-abre-dos-carceles-migrantes-mauritania&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Spanish government opens two migrant prisons in Mauritania&lt;/a&gt;,' 5 November 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3380.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;the statement by the Mauritanian Human Rights Association&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard: &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/cp_migreurop_rwanda_jun_22_-_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;UK/Rwanda agreement: outsourcing asylum to Africa, a weapon of mass deterrence in Europe&lt;/a&gt;', 20 June 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular, BBC, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz9dn8erg3zo&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Starmer confirms Rwanda deportation plan &#8220;dead&#8221;&lt;/a&gt;', 6 July 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;UK Supreme Court, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/uksc-2023-0093%23judgment-details&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;AAA and others v. Secretary of State for the Home Department&lt;/a&gt;, 15 November 2023, UKSC 42&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Amnesty International, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/location/africa/east-africa-the-horn-and-great-lakes/rwanda/report-rwanda/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Rwanda: the human rights&lt;/a&gt; situation, 2024 / Human Rights Watch, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/fr/world-report/2025/country-chapters/rwanda&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Rwanda, events of 2024&lt;/a&gt;', 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3473.html&#034;&gt;&#8220;Suspension of FTDES activities in&lt;/a&gt; Tunisia&#8221;, 28 October 2025 and/or &lt;br class='manualbr' /&gt;Amnesty International, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2025/11/tunisia-escalating-crackdown-on-human-rights-organizations-reaches-critical-levels/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Tunisia: Crackdown on human rights organisations reaches critical&lt;/a&gt; levels&#8221;, 14 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, Migreurop, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3230.html&#034;&gt;Italy/Albania Memorandum of Understanding on Migration: Cross-Border Cooperation Contrary to International Law&lt;/a&gt;,' 13 February 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, partnerships with &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2024/08/28/la-mauritanie-et-l-espagne-s-engagent-a-gerer-ensemble-les-flux-migratoires_6297626_3212.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritania&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.mites.gob.es/es/mundo/consejerias/senegal/novedades/archivos/memorandos-fr.htm#:~:text=Senegal,-La Consejer%C3%ADa&amp;text=L'Espagne a sign%C3%A9 deux,migratoires s%C3%BBrs%2C ordonn%C3%A9s et r%C3%A9guliers.&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Senegal&lt;/a&gt; and Morocco.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Recently, Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3505.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;&#8220;Manifesto against the repression of migrants during the Africa Cup of Nations in Morocco&lt;/a&gt;,&#8221; 18 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in this regard, Sos Racismo Madrid, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.sosracismomadrid.es/regularizacion-ya-galeria/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;&#161;Regularizaci&#243;n Ya! (Manifesto y galer&#237;a 1ra parte)&lt;/a&gt;'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, Lib&#233;ration, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.liberation.fr/evenement/2005/01/17/l-espagne-va-regulariser-en-masse_506298/?redirected=1&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'Espagne va r&#233;gulariser en masse&lt;/a&gt;' (Spain to regularise en masse), 17 January 2005.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;In particular: &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.fedasil.be/fr/actualites/accueil-des-demandeurs-dasile/pas-daccueil-pour-les-hommes-isoles#:~:text=Depuis la fin de l,en fonction des places disponibles.&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;lack of accommodation for single men&lt;/a&gt;, freezing of asylum procedures, &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/07/22/le-regroupement-familial-remis-en-cause-aussi-en-belgique&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;restrictions on family reunification&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, Euractiv, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/rapatriement-de-syriens-le-ministre-allemand-des-affaires-etrangeres-declenche-une-polemique-au-sein-de-son-parti-conservateur/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Repatriation of Syrians: German Foreign Minister sparks controversy within his conservative party&lt;/a&gt;,' 6 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Mediapart, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/030921/cour-nationale-du-droit-d-asile-des-juges-denoncent-des-pressions&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;National Court of Asylum: judges denounce &#8220;pressure&#8221;&lt;/a&gt;', 3 September 2021.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, Amnesty International, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/press-release/2019/03/eu-diminished-operation-sophia-abandons-refugees-and-migrants-to-reckless-libyan-coast-guard/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;European Union. Reduction in 'Operation Sophia' activities leaves refugees and migrants at the mercy of ruthless Libyan coastguard&lt;/a&gt;,' 27 March 2019&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3497.html?lang_article=fr#outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;November 2025 press review&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://emnbelgium.be/sites/default/files/attachments/2025.10.16%20-%20letter%20return%20AFGHANISTAN-1.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Joint letter from the undersigned ministers on voluntary and forced return to Afghanistan&lt;/a&gt;, 16 October 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the UN report, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/afghanistan/unama-human-rights-risks-and-returns-en.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;No safe haven: Human rights risks faced by persons involuntarily returned to Afghanistan&lt;/a&gt;,' July 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3929&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Border Security, Asylum and Immigration Act 2025&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;R (HM and MA and KH) v Secretary of State for the Home Department, 25 March 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-30&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-30&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, Le Monde, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/12/10/contre-l-immigration-illegale-le-royaume-uni-et-le-danemark-appellent-a-reformer-la-convention-europeenne-des-droits-de-l-homme_6656678_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Against illegal immigration, the United Kingdom and Denmark call for reform of the European Convention on Human Rights&lt;/a&gt;', 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-31&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-31&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-31&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://detainedvoices.com/2026/01/16/reports-from-harmondsworth-and-brook-house-protesters/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Reports from Harmondsworth and Brook House protesters&lt;/a&gt;,' 14-15 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-32&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-32&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-32&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid. &lt;a href=&#034;https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3929&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Border Security, Asylum and Immigration Act 2025&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-33&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-33&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-33&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Eurostat, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Returns_of_irregular_migrants_-_quarterly_statistics#Highlights&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Returns of irregular migrants - quarterly statistics&lt;/a&gt;,' updated 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-34&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-34&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-34&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;34&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, Lib&#233;ration, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.liberation.fr/societe/alger-retoque-la-liste-de-ressortissants-que-la-france-veut-expulser-20250317_XYMWKYLL65C5FB2ZLK6NIZVDOI/?redirected=1&amp;redirected=1&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Algiers revises list of nationals France wants to expel&lt;/a&gt;,' 17 March 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press review December 2025</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3517.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3517.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-01-08T14:58:26Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Libya</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>German</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Autriche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Greece</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Libya Afrique XXI, &#8216;In Libya, a deadly prison system in the shadow of Europe', 19 December 2025 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Afrique XXI has published an investigation into Libyan 'detention centres', where thousands of people on the move are arbitrarily detained, tortured and left to die every day. This investigation, which brings together 20 testimonies, cross-referenced with reports from human rights organisations, reveals a deadly system of imprisonment and extortion, made possible by the outsourcing of European (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot39.html" rel="tag"&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot16.html" rel="tag"&gt;German&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot207.html" rel="tag"&gt;Autriche&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot21.html" rel="tag"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/14-2-742d2.png?1767884417' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libya&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisia&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Germany&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Austria&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Austria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Greece&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Facilitation Directive&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Facilitation Directive&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Frontex&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;JHA Council&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;JHA Council&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Council of Europe&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Council of Europe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Libya&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Afrique XXI, &lt;a href=&#034;https://afriquexxi.info/En-Libye-un-systeme-carceral-meurtrier-a-l-ombre-de-l-Europe&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;In Libya, a deadly prison system in the shadow of Europe&lt;/a&gt;', 19 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Afrique XXI has published an investigation into Libyan 'detention centres', where thousands of people on the move are arbitrarily detained, tortured and left to die every day. This investigation, which brings together 20 testimonies, cross-referenced with reports from human rights organisations, reveals a deadly system of imprisonment and extortion, made possible by the outsourcing of European migration policies&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Sea-Watch's latest report, '60 Libyan attacks at sea as EU rolls out red (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since 2017, the European Union has turned Libya into a testing ground for its deterrence strategy &#8211; supplying equipment, training and operational support to the Libyan 'coastguard'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard: LaLibre, 'Libyan coastguard trained and equipped by the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#8211; thereby becoming complicit in massive human rights violations in the country and, more broadly, in the increase in lethality&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Amnesty International, 'Libya: European governments complicit in human (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. In February 2025, a UN Security Council report revealed the discovery of mass graves in Jikharra and Kufra&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;UNSMIL, 'Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , where dozens of bodies of migrants, mutilated, bound, burned or dead from torture, had been found near detention 'centres'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The investigation reveals the cynicism of the European Union and the impunity of the militias with which it collaborates, who transform warehouses and factories into clandestine prisons where rape, torture and forced labour are commonly reported&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also MSF, 'Libya: The hell of detention centres as told from the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Tunisia&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Le Monde, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2025/12/15/en-tunisie-des-salaries-de-terre-d-asile-devant-la-justice-pour-avoir-aide-des-migrants_6657705_3212.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;In Tunisia, Terre d'Asile employees on trial for helping migrants&lt;/a&gt;,' 15 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;After more than a year and a half in detention, the trial of Sherifa Riahi, former director of Terre d'asile Tunisia, alongside 22 other people &#8211; six employees of the association and seventeen local elected officials &#8211; is further evidence of the repression against associations in Tunisia. The authorities accuse them of facilitating the entry, accommodation and settlement of migrants in so-called irregular administrative situations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This emblematic case is part of a broader offensive led by the government of President Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Amnesty International, &#8220;Tunisia: &#8216;No one hears you when you cry out': The (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, which is using the migration issue to repress and delegitimise the work of associations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Migreurop, &#8220;Suspension of FTDES activities in Tunisia&#8221;, 28 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, which it constantly accuses of being 'agents of foreign powers'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Amnesty International, 'Tunisia: Crackdown on human rights organisations (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Since May 2024, local elected officials and human rights defenders have been arbitrarily prosecuted, imprisoned and detained for defending human rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This crackdown once again highlights the responsibility of the European Union, which continues to finance, equip and legitimise Tunisia's migration policies in the name of combating departures&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid.&#034; id=&#034;nh5-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Germany&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Le Monde, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/12/23/l-allemagne-expulse-un-syrien-vers-son-pays-une-premiere-depuis-2011_6659222_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Germany deports a Syrian to his country, a first since 2011&lt;/a&gt;', 23 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For the 'first time' since 2011, Germany has officially deported a Syrian national to Syria. These deportations, which in principle only target Syrian nationals convicted of 'serious crimes', contravene Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights and the case law of its court in the Soering case&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;ECHR, Court (plenary), Soering v. United Kingdom, 7 July 1989, 14038/88&#034; id=&#034;nh5-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, where it was ruled that any deportation that exposes the person to a real risk of being subjected to inhuman or degrading treatment 'indirectly' constitutes a violation of Article 3.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, despite the overthrow of Bashar al-Assad's regime in December 2024, Syria continues to be marked by massive human rights violations, a ruined economy and ongoing war zones&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular, Le Monde, 'Negotiations for a ceasefire in southern Syria (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Under these conditions, the safety of expelled nationals cannot be guaranteed. During a visit to Syria, the German Foreign Minister stated on 31 October 2025 that he had personally 'never seen destruction on such a scale' and that it was 'practically impossible for people to live here in dignity', adding that Syrians living in Germany 'could not return in the short term &lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Euractiv, 'Repatriation of Syrians: German Foreign Minister sparks (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Despite everything, Germany seems determined to carry out these deportations, thereby assuming responsibility for human rights violations committed against Syrian nationals.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Austria&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68792/autriche--le-regroupement-familial-suspendu-pour-six-mois-supplementaires&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Austria: family reunification suspended for a further six months&lt;/a&gt;', 18 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Austrian Parliament has voted to extend the moratorium on family reunification for refugees with legal status and beneficiaries of subsidiary protection by six months, meaning that applications will be frozen until 2 July 2026 at the earliest.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Adopted via an amendment to the asylum law, this suspension is justified by the government on the grounds of 'overburdening' the education system and reception facilities and presented with the stigmatising argument that it is 'necessary to preserve public order and internal security'. This decision is part of a deliberate strategy to tighten Austrian migration policy in line with electoral interests, with the FP&#214;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Austrian far-right party.&#034; id=&#034;nh5-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; leading in the polls.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To justify this new suspension of the right to family reunification protected by EU law&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Council Directive 2003/86/EC of 22 September 2003 on the right to family (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, Austria is invoking for the second time in a row a so-called 'emergency clause' based on a misinterpretation of Article 72 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This trivialisation of the suspension of the right to family reunification in Austria, and beyond in Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the September 2025 press review.&#034; id=&#034;nh5-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, leads to the forced separation of families, in disregard of the right to family life as protected by Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;France&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Le Monde, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/12/30/accord-migratoire-franco-britannique-le-conseil-d-etat-rejette-le-recours-des-ong_6660029_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Franco-British migration agreement: the Council of State rejects the appeal by NGOs&lt;/a&gt;', 30 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 30 December, the Council of State rejected the request&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the October 2025 press review.&#034; id=&#034;nh5-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;to annulthe decree implementing the migration agreement, known as 'One in, One out', signed between France and the United Kingdom in July 2025. In rejecting this request, the Council of State argued that it is not its role 'to rule on the constitutionality of the treaty or agreement'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;EC, 30 December 2025, GISTI and others, No. 508947, 508948, point 3&#034; id=&#034;nh5-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; or 'to rule on the conformity of a treaty or agreement with other international commitments entered into by France'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid. &#167;3&#034; id=&#034;nh5-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By ruling that the provisions of the agreement do not fall within the scope of the law and therefore do not necessarily require parliamentary intervention, the judgment does not alter case law, but once again confirms a strict interpretation of the areas that require legislative validation within the meaning of Article 53 of the Constitution.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In concrete terms, the Council of State leaves the executive branch with considerable leeway in this area. However, given the importance of immigration law in the public sphere, the fact that such agreements are beyond the control of the legislature is both questionable and worrying.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Ouest France, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ouest-france.fr/societe/immigration/les-regularisations-de-sans-papiers-ont-baisse-de-42-pourcent-de-janvier-a-septembre-2025-3fe27286-df54-11f0-84e2-922db77b2982&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Regularisations of undocumented migrants fell by 42% between January and September 2025&lt;/a&gt;', 22 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Ministry of the Interior announced that, since the Retailleau circular came into force, regularisations have fallen by 42% in 2025, and by more than 50% for regularisations through work.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As a reminder, in January 2025, Home Secretary Bruno Retailleau sent a new circular to prefects, replacing the old 'Valls' circular of 2012. This new circular significantly tightened the conditions allowing foreigners in an irregular administrative situation to apply for exceptional admission to residence, with the condition relating to the length of residence in France being increased to seven years.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, this circular only serves to render invisible and precarious the lives of tens of thousands of people who have been living and working in France for several years. Many applications are rejected on the grounds that the foreign national constitutes 'a threat to public order'. This catch-all concept is constantly used by the public authorities to stigmatise and exclude foreign nationals in order to satisfy a xenophobic agenda. Behind these figures lies a workforce without rights, exploitable and deportable, while at the same time displaying a supposedly 'controlled' migration policy, which allows France to assert its voice in Europe.{{}}&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Greece&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;The New Humanitarian, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/opinion/2025/12/22/reporters-diary-iom-uses-un-immunity-avoid-scrutiny-greek-returns&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Reporters' diary: IOM uses UN immunity to avoid scrutiny of Greek returns&lt;/a&gt;', 22 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In Greece, the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) is invoking its UN immunity to refuse to publish the annual reports of the so-called 'voluntary return' programme, which is mainly funded by the European Union. Since 2020, the IOM has gradually reduced transparency on these activities, ceasing to publish regular reports that are supposed to be public.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This lack of transparency is particularly worrying, especially since the IOM is regularly accused of disguising expulsion policies under the label of so-called 'voluntary' returns&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard, InfoMigrants, 'There is nothing less voluntary than a (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, and has already carried out returns to countries considered dangerous&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Note no. 9 Migreurop, 'The IOM, an organisation serving closed borders', May (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, while shirking any form of responsibility. The programme requires the signing of liability waivers that fully exempt the IOM and the Greek state from any obligation, including in cases of serious injury or death.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Beyond transparency, this immunity has direct consequences for the people concerned, who in many cases never receive the promised assistance. Already in 2017, a report by Medico International warned of the mistreatment in Greece of asylum seekers who had given their written consent to 'voluntary' return&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Medico International, 'Kolu Bilisuma wird verraten', 22 June 2017&#034; id=&#034;nh5-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Facilitation Directive&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;La via Libera, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://lavialibera.it/it-schede-2514-solidarieta_migranti_diventa_reato_allarme_esperti_onu_pacchetto_ue_facilitatori_traffico&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La solidariet&#224; rischia di diventare reato: l'allarme degli esperti Onu sul pacchetto Ue 'contro il traffico di migranti'&lt;/a&gt; ', 19 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In a press release dated 1 December 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;UNCHR, Press release, 'European Union: UN experts alarmed by risk of (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, four UN experts warn of the dangers that the European Commission's proposed directive&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; to combat 'migrant smuggling' poses a 'serious risk of criminalising rescue and assistance actions', such as legal support, transport and accommodation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The reform of the so-called 'facilitation' directive requires Member States to prosecute any assistance with entry, transit or residence, on the basis of vague and broad definitions, which will ultimately allow for the mass conviction of both people on the move and human rights defenders. Indeed, despite declarations of principle, there are no binding clauses that clearly protect acts of solidarity. Thereby, in a context of increasing repression of solidarity&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard, Picum, &#8220;At least 142 people criminalised for helping (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, this ambiguity paves the way for arbitrary prosecutions, justified in the name of the fight against 'migrant smuggling', which is used to disguise policies that criminalise migrants and repress those who defend or assist them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Frontex&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68972/refoulement-greceturquie--frontex-jugee-responsable-par-la-cour-de-justice-de-lue&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Greece-Turkey refoulement: Frontex found liable by the Court of Justice of the EU&lt;/a&gt;', 31 December 2025.{{}}&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In two judgments dated 18 December 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;CJEU, Hamoudi v Frontex, Case C-136/24P; CJEU, WS et al. v Frontex, Case (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, the Court of Justice of the European Union ordered the General Court to review its decision on pushbacks carried out jointly by the Greek authorities and Frontex agents. The European judge ruled that 'the right to effective judicial protection requires the burden of proof to be adjusted' with regard to the European Union's non-contractual liability for the actions of its agency Frontex, and that EU law 'imposes [Frontex] a set of obligations aimed at ensuring respect for fundamental rights in the context of return operations', failing which it would be liable in the event of a violation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The agency must therefore fulfil positive obligations to ensure respect for fundamental rights, includingverifying that return decisions exist for all persons whom a Member State intends to include in a return operation. The Court also decided to adopt a new requirement, whereby applicants claiming to be victims of refoulement must now 'provide sufficiently detailed, specific and consistent evidence' of their presence at the time of refoulement in order to trigger the obligation to investigate the case.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These decisions contradict years of institutional denial and irresponsibility on the part of Frontex&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Anna Sibley, &#8216;Frontex:untouchable agent of migration (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, which has been regularly criticised for its participation in or complicity with refoulement at Europe's borders&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop note no. 3, Frontex: A European agency out of control. See, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. It remains to be seen whether these decisions will truly put an end to Frontex's impunity or whether the judge's bold move will be nothing more than a flash in the pan. {{}}&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;JHA Council&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;EuroNews, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/12/08/les-pays-de-lue-intensifient-les-expulsions-en-signant-un-nouvel-accord-sur-les-centres-de&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;EU countries step up deportations by signing new agreement on return centres&lt;/a&gt;', 8 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Euractiv, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/les-ministres-de-lue-scellent-un-accord-sur-les-migrations-les-ong-denoncent-une-derive-securitaire/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;EU ministers seal deal on migration, NGOs denounce security drift&lt;/a&gt;', 8 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Justice and Home Affairs Council (JHA), meeting on 8 December, approved a series of legislative proposals presented by the European Commission. These proposals aim in particular to speed up the implementation of the Pact on Migration and Asylum and to authorise the creation of 'return centres' in countries outside the EU. These 'return hubs' will be used to accommodate migrants who have been denied asylum. This system is reminiscent of the highly controversial centres in Tirana, which were set up under the Italy-Albania Protocol (2023)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop, 'Italy/Albania Memorandum of Understanding on Migration: (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; and paralysed by the Court of Justice of the EU on 1 August 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, Amnesty, 'Italy. The European Court of Justice's (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, but which could be operational again if the text is adopted.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Council also approved the acceleration of the implementation of the Pact in order to generalise accelerated asylum procedures at borders or in transit zones. These procedures would target in particular applicants whose nationality has an asylum recognition rate of less than 20%, as well as people from 'safe countries'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The approved proposal also confirms a list of 'safe countries of origin', including Egypt, Tunisia, Kosovo and Turkey, despite repeated and documented human rights violations in these states&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard, Migreurop, &#8220;Deconstructing the myth of &#8216;safe' countries (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-30&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. It also provides for a revision of the concept of 'safe third countries' so that migrants can be deported to countries they have simply transited through, or even never set foot in.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These proposals illustrate the European Union's obsession with deporting people on the move at any cost, even if it means being held responsible for violations of their rights. Although these proposals still have to be debated and voted on in the European Parliament in the coming months, the current political composition of this institution suggests that they will be adopted as proposed.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Council of Europe&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Lib&#233;ration, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/tribunes/ne-sacrifions-pas-la-convention-europeenne-des-droits-de-lhomme-sur-lautel-des-peurs-migratoires-20251213_MILPLNIW3RHIRDLUYNNJAYK2GQ/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Let's not sacrifice the European Convention on Human Rights on the altar of fears about migration&lt;/a&gt;', 13 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 10 December, a majority of Council of Europe member states, at the initiative of Keir Starmer, defended the need for a 'new approach' to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in order to facilitate the expulsion of migrants in so-called irregular administrative situations. The joint declaration adopted by twenty-seven states calls for a 'rebalancing' of Article 8 (right to respect for private and family life) in order to remove legal obstacles to the deportation of persons convicted of 'serious crimes,' while proposing to restrict the scope of Article 3 (prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment) to 'the most extreme situations'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By reducing the scope of Article 3, states are sacrificing a fundamental right &#8211; which allows for no exceptions &#8211; to supposed national security imperatives, which are being used to legitimise repressive and exclusionary policies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Presented under the misleading guise of 'modernisation', this position is part of a worrying trend of questioning international human rights law and the legitimacy of the judiciary. It reflects a desire for political interference in the interpretation of the Convention and, in doing so, constitutes a serious breach of the principle of separation of powers.&lt;/p&gt;
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		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Sea-Watch's latest report, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://sea-watch.org/en/60-libyan-attacks-at-sea-as-eu-rolls-out-red-carpet-for-militias/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;60 Libyan attacks at sea as EU rolls out red carpet for militias, new data shows&lt;/a&gt;', dated 14 October 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard: LaLibre, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lalibre.be/international/europe/2025/08/26/des-garde-cotes-libyens-formes-et-equipes-par-lunion-europeenne-tirent-sur-le-navire-dune-ong-qui-secourt-des-migrants-DZILOZJNK5DJRJI34FDGSSXF4A/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Libyan coastguard trained and equipped by the European Union fires on NGO ship rescuing migrants&lt;/a&gt;,' 26 August 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Amnesty International, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/press-release/2017/12/libya-european-governments-complicit-in-horrific-abuse-of-refugees-and-migrants/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Libya: European governments complicit in human rights violations against refugees and migrants&lt;/a&gt;,' 12 December 2017.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;UNSMIL, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://unsmil.unmissions.org/en/under-secretary-general-political-and-peacebuilding-affairs-rosemary-dicarlo%E2%80%99s-remarks&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs Rosemary DiCarlo's remarks to the Security Council on the situation in Libya&lt;/a&gt;,' 19 February 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also MSF, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.msf.fr/actualites/libye-l-enfer-des-centres-de-detention-raconte-de-l-interieur&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Libya: The hell of detention centres as told from the inside&lt;/a&gt;,' 7 December 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Amnesty International, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;#ttps://www.amnesty.org/fr/documents/mde30/0180/2025/fr/&#034; class=&#034;spip_ancre&#034;&gt;Tunisia: &#8216;No one hears you when you cry out': The dangerous shift in Tunisia's migration policy&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 6 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3473.html&#034;&gt;&#8220;Suspension of FTDES activities in&lt;/a&gt; Tunisia&#8221;, 28 October 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Amnesty International, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2025/11/tunisia-escalating-crackdown-on-human-rights-organizations-reaches-critical-levels/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisia: Crackdown on human rights organisations reaches critical levels&lt;/a&gt;,' 14 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;ECHR, Court (plenary), Soering v. United Kingdom, 7 July 1989, 14038/88&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular, Le Monde, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/07/14/syrie-l-armee-israelienne-frappe-plusieurs-chars-apres-les-combats-entre-bedouins-et-druzes_6621175_3210.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=8&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Negotiations for a ceasefire in southern Syria after deadly fighting&lt;/a&gt;,' 14 July 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Euractiv, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/rapatriement-de-syriens-le-ministre-allemand-des-affaires-etrangeres-declenche-une-polemique-au-sein-de-son-parti-conservateur/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Repatriation of Syrians: German Foreign Minister sparks controversy within his conservative party&lt;/a&gt;,' 6 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Austrian far-right party.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2003:251:0012:0018:fr:PDF&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Council Directive 2003/86/EC of 22 September 2003 on the right to family reunification&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3467.html?lang_article=fr#outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;September 2025&lt;/a&gt; press review&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3467.html?lang_article=fr#outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3482.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;October 2025 press review&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;file:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/508947,%20508948.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034;&gt;EC, 30 December 2025, GISTI and others, No. 508947, 508948, point 3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid. &#167;3&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard, InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/64924/il-ny-a-rien-de-moins-volontaire-quun-retour-volontaire--des-chercheurs-denoncent-des-politiques-dexpulsion-deguisee&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;'There is nothing less voluntary than a 'voluntary return': researchers denounce disguised expulsion policies&lt;/a&gt;', 3 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Note no. 9 Migreurop, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_9_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;The IOM, an organisation serving closed borders&lt;/a&gt;', May 2019&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Medico International, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://web.archive.org/web/20200808001644/https:/www.medico.de/kolu-bilisuma-wird-verraten-16793/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Kolu Bilisuma wird verraten&lt;/a&gt;', 22 June 2017&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;UNCHR, Press release, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/12/european-union-un-experts-alarmed-risk-humanitarian-assistance&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;European Union: UN experts alarmed by risk of humanitarian assistance criminalisation&lt;/a&gt;', 1 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52023PC0755&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down minimum rules for preventing and combating the facilitation of unauthorised entry, transit and residence in the Union&lt;/a&gt;, 28 November 2023, 2023/0439 (Cod)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard, Picum, &lt;a href=&#034;https://picum.org/blog/at-least-142-people-criminalised-for-helping-migrants-in-europe-in-2024/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;At least 142 people criminalised for helping migrants in Europe in&lt;/a&gt; 2024&#8221;, 29 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2025-12/cp250159fr.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;CJEU, Hamoudi v Frontex, Case C-136/24P&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a href=&#034;https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2025-12/cp250158fr.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;CJEU, WS et al. v Frontex, Case C-679/23P&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Anna Sibley, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3472.html#nb7&#034;&gt;&#8216;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3472.html#nb7&#034;&gt;untouchable agent of migration&lt;/a&gt; intelligence', article published in Plein droit magazine, issue no. 145&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/article7541&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;, &#8216;Migrations, pourquoi tant de discours ?&lt;/a&gt;'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop note no. 3, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_3.3_frontex_hors_de_controle_-_2021_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;Frontex: A European agency out of control&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;See, in particular, Euronews, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/06/24/tests-obligatoires-et-duree-de-residence-plus-longue-la-nationalite-portugaise-soumise-a-d&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Portuguese nationality will now be subject to stricter rules&lt;/a&gt;', 24 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3230.html&#034;&gt;Italy/Albania Memorandum of Understanding on Migration: Cross-Border Cooperation Contrary to International Law&lt;/a&gt;,' 13 February 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, Amnesty, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2025/08/italy-eu-court-ruling-on-safe-countries-of-origin-is-a-heavy-blow-to-italy-albania-migration-deal/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Italy. The European Court of Justice's decision on 'safe countries of origin' is a blow to the migration agreement between Italy and Albania&lt;/a&gt;', 1 August 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-30&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-30&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard, Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3432.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;&#8220;Deconstructing the myth of &#8216;safe' countries in EU return&lt;/a&gt; policy&#8221;, 20 June 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Revue de presse d&#233;cembre 2025</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3516.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3516.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-01-05T14:58:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Libye</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Allemagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Autriche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Gr&#232;ce</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Libye Afrique XXI, &#171; En Libye, un syst&#232;me carc&#233;ral meurtrier &#224; l'ombre de l'Europe &#187;, le 19 d&#233;cembre 2025 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Afrique XXI a publi&#233; une enqu&#234;te sur les &#171; centres de d&#233;tention &#187; libyens, o&#249; quotidiennement des milliers d'exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s sont d&#233;tenu&#183;e&#183;s arbitrairement, tortur&#233;&#183;e&#183;s et abandonn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; la mort. Cette enqu&#234;te, qui r&#233;unit 20 t&#233;moignages, crois&#233;s avec des rapports d'organisations de d&#233;fense des droits humains, fait &#233;tat d'un syst&#232;me meurtrier d'enfermement et d'extorsion, rendu possible par (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot39.html" rel="tag"&gt;Libye&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot16.html" rel="tag"&gt;Allemagne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot207.html" rel="tag"&gt;Autriche&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot21.html" rel="tag"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/22-e2b84.png?1767884417' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libye&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Libye&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Allemagne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Allemagne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Autriche&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Autriche&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Gr&#232;ce&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Directive &#171; facilitation &#187;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Directive &#171; facilitation &amp;#187&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Frontex&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Conseil JAI&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Conseil JAI&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Conseil de l'Europe&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Conseil de l'Europe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Libye&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Afrique XXI, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://afriquexxi.info/En-Libye-un-systeme-carceral-meurtrier-a-l-ombre-de-l-Europe&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;En Libye, un syst&#232;me carc&#233;ral meurtrier &#224; l'ombre de l'Europe&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 19 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Afrique XXI a publi&#233; une enqu&#234;te sur les &#171; centres de d&#233;tention &#187; libyens, o&#249; quotidiennement des milliers d'exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s sont d&#233;tenu&#183;e&#183;s arbitrairement, tortur&#233;&#183;e&#183;s et abandonn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; la mort. Cette enqu&#234;te, qui r&#233;unit 20 t&#233;moignages, crois&#233;s avec des rapports d'organisations de d&#233;fense des droits humains, fait &#233;tat d'un syst&#232;me meurtrier d'enfermement et d'extorsion, rendu possible par l'externalisation des politiques migratoires europ&#233;ennes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir le dernier rapport de Sea-Watch, &#171; 60 Libyan attacks at sea as EU rolls (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis 2017, l'Union europ&#233;enne a fait de la Libye un laboratoire de sa strat&#233;gie de dissuasion - livraison d'&#233;quipements, formations et soutien op&#233;rationnel aux &#171; garde-c&#244;tes &#187; libyens&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens ; LaLibre, &#171; Des garde-c&#244;tes libyens form&#233;s et &#233;quip&#233;s par (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#8211; se rendant ainsi complice des violations massives des droits humains dans le pays et extensivement de l'augmentation de la l&#233;talit&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Amnesty International, &#171; Libye. Les gouvernements europ&#233;ens se rendent (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En f&#233;vrier 2025, un rapport du Conseil de s&#233;curit&#233; de l'ONU r&#233;v&#233;lait la d&#233;couverte de charniers &#224; Jikharra et Kufra&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;UNSMIL, &#171; Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, o&#249; des dizaines de corps de personnes exil&#233;es mutil&#233;es, ligot&#233;es, br&#251;l&#233;es ou mortes sous la torture, avaient &#233;t&#233; retrouv&#233;s &#224; proximit&#233; des &#171; centres &#187; de d&#233;tention.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'enqu&#234;te est r&#233;v&#233;latrice du cynisme de l'Union europ&#233;enne et de l'impunit&#233; des milices avec qui elle collabore, qui transforment entrep&#244;ts et usines en prisons clandestines o&#249; les viols, la torture et le travail forc&#233; sont couramment d&#233;nonc&#233;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens, MSF, &#171; Libye : l'enfer des centres de d&#233;tention racont&#233; de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc218765477&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Tunisie&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2025/12/15/en-tunisie-des-salaries-de-terre-d-asile-devant-la-justice-pour-avoir-aide-des-migrants_6657705_3212.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;En Tunisie, des salari&#233;s de Terre d'asile devant la justice, pour avoir aid&#233; des migrants&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 15 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Apr&#232;s plus d'un an et demi de d&#233;tention, le proc&#232;s de Sherifa Riahi, ancienne directrice de Terre d'asile Tunisie, aux c&#244;t&#233;s de 22 autres personnes &#8211; six salari&#233;&#183;e&#183;s de l'association et dix-sept &#233;lu&#183;e&#183;s locaux &#8211; t&#233;moigne une nouvelle fois de la r&#233;pression d&#233;ploy&#233;e &#224; l'encontre du milieu associatif en Tunisie. Les autorit&#233;s leur reprochent d'avoir facilit&#233; l'entr&#233;e, l'h&#233;bergement et l'installation de personnes exil&#233;es en situation administrative dite irr&#233;guli&#232;re.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette affaire embl&#233;matique s'inscrit dans une offensive plus large conduite par le gouvernement du pr&#233;sident Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Amnesty International, &#171; Tunisie : &#171; Personne ne vous entend quand vous (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, qui instrumentalise la question migratoire pour r&#233;primer et d&#233;l&#233;gitimer le travail des associations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment, Migreurop, &#171; Suspension des activit&#233;s du FTDES en Tunisie &#187;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, qu'il accuse constamment d'&#234;tre &#171; des agents de l'&#233;tranger &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Amnesty International, &#171; Tunisie. Le durcissement de la r&#233;pression contre (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Depuis mai 2024, &#233;lu&#183;e&#183;s locaux et d&#233;fenseur&#183;euse&#183;s des droits sont arbitrairement poursuivi&#183;e&#183;s, incarc&#233;r&#233;&#183;e&#183;s et maintenu&#183;e&#183;s en d&#233;tention pour avoir d&#233;fendu les droits humains.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette r&#233;pression pointe une nouvelle fois la responsabilit&#233; de l'Union europ&#233;enne, qui persiste &#224; financer, outiller et l&#233;gitimer les politiques migratoires tunisiennes au nom de la lutte contre les d&#233;parts&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid.&#034; id=&#034;nh6-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Allemagne&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/12/23/l-allemagne-expulse-un-syrien-vers-son-pays-une-premiere-depuis-2011_6659222_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'Allemagne expulse un Syrien vers son pays, une premi&#232;re depuis 2011&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 23 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour la &#171; premi&#232;re fois &#187; depuis 2011, l'Allemagne a officiellement proc&#233;d&#233; &#224; l'expulsion d'un ressortissant syrien vers la Syrie. Ces expulsions qui ne visent a priori que les ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s syrien&#183;ne&#183;s condamn&#233;s pour des &#171; crimes graves &#187;, contreviennent &#224; l'article 3 de la Convention europ&#233;enne de sauvegarde des droits de l'homme et &#224; la jurisprudence de sa cour rendue en l'affaire Soering&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;CEDH, Cour (pl&#233;ni&#232;re), Soering c/ Royaume-Uni, 7 juillet 1989, 14038/88&#034; id=&#034;nh6-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, o&#249; il a &#233;t&#233; jug&#233; en ce sens que toute expulsion qui fait peser sur la personne un risque r&#233;el d'&#234;tre soumis &#224; des traitements humains ou d&#233;gradants entra&#238;nait &#171; par ricochet &#187; une violation dudit article 3.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Or, en d&#233;pit du renversement du r&#233;gime de Bachar al-Assad en d&#233;cembre 2024, la Syrie continue d'&#234;tre marqu&#233;e par des violations massives des droits de l'Homme, une &#233;conomie en ruine et des zones de guerre toujours actives&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment, Le Monde, &#171; N&#233;gociations pour un cessez-le-feu dans le sud (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Dans ces conditions, la s&#233;curit&#233; des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s expuls&#233;&#183;e&#183;s ne saurait &#234;tre garantie. Lors d'une visite en Syrie, le ministre des Affaires &#233;trang&#232;res allemand a d'ailleurs d&#233;clar&#233; le 31 octobre 2025 qu'il n'avait personnellement &#171; jamais vu une destruction d'une telle ampleur &#187; et qu'il &#233;tait &#171; pratiquement impossible pour les gens de vivre ici dans la dignit&#233; &#187;, estimant alors que les Syrien&#183;ne&#183;s vivant en Allemagne &#171; ne [pouvaient] pas rentrer &#224; court terme &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Euractiv, &#171; Rapatriement de Syriens : le ministre allemand des Affaires (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Malgr&#233; tout, l'Allemagne semble d&#233;termin&#233;e &#224; mener &#224; terme ces expulsions, engageant ainsi sa responsabilit&#233; dans les violations des droits humains commises &#224; l'encontre des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s syrien&#183;ne&#183;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Autriche&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68792/autriche--le-regroupement-familial-suspendu-pour-six-mois-supplementaires&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Autriche : le regroupement familial suspendu pour six mois suppl&#233;mentaires&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 18 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Parlement autrichien a vot&#233; la prolongation de six mois du moratoire sur le regroupement familial des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e&#183;s statutaires et des b&#233;n&#233;ficiaires d'une protection subsidiaire, impliquant un gel des dossiers jusqu'au 2 juillet 2026 au plus t&#244;t.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Adopt&#233;e via un amendement &#224; la loi sur l'asile, cette suspension est justifi&#233;e par le gouvernement au nom de la &#171; surcharge &#187; du syst&#232;me &#233;ducatif et des structures d'accueil, et pr&#233;sent&#233;e selon l'argument stigmatisant qu'elle est &#171; n&#233;cessaire &#224; la pr&#233;servation de l'ordre public et de la s&#233;curit&#233; int&#233;rieure &#187;. Cette d&#233;cision s'inscrit dans une strat&#233;gie de durcissement assum&#233;e de la politique migratoire autrichienne ob&#233;issant &#224; des int&#233;r&#234;ts &#233;lectoralistes, le FP&#214;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Parti d'extr&#234;me droite autrichien.&#034; id=&#034;nh6-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#233;tant en t&#234;te des sondages.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour justifier cette nouvelle suspension du droit au regroupement familial prot&#233;g&#233; par le droit de l'Union&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Directive 2003/86/ce du conseil du 22 septembre 2003 relative au droit au (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, l'Autriche invoque pour la deuxi&#232;me fois cons&#233;cutive une pr&#233;tendue &#171; clause d'urgence &#187; tir&#233;e d'une lecture d&#233;voy&#233;e de l'article 72 du Trait&#233; sur le fonctionnement de l'Union europ&#233;enne.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette banalisation de la suspension du droit au regroupement familial en Autriche, et au-del&#224; en Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir la revue de presse de septembre 2025.&#034; id=&#034;nh6-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, entra&#238;ne une s&#233;paration forc&#233;e des familles, en m&#233;connaissance du droit &#224; la vie familiale tel qu'il est prot&#233;g&#233; notamment par l'article 8 de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;France&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/12/30/accord-migratoire-franco-britannique-le-conseil-d-etat-rejette-le-recours-des-ong_6660029_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Accord migratoire franco-britannique : le Conseil d'&#201;tat rejette le recours des ONG&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 30 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Conseil d'&#201;tat a rejet&#233;, le 30 d&#233;cembre, la requ&#234;te en annulation&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir la revue de presse d'octobre 2025.&#034; id=&#034;nh6-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; du d&#233;cret rendant applicable l'accord migratoire, dit &#171; One in, One out &#187;, sign&#233; entre la France et le Royaume-Uni en juillet 2025. Pour rejeter cette requ&#234;te, le Conseil d'&#201;tat a fait valoir qu'il ne lui appartient pas &#171; de se prononcer sur la conformit&#233; du trait&#233; ou de l'accord &#224; la Constitution &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;CE, 30 d&#233;cembre 2025, GISTI et autres, n&#176;508947, 508948, point 3&#034; id=&#034;nh6-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ou &#171; de se prononcer sur la conformit&#233; d'un trait&#233; ou d'un accord au regard d'autres engagements internationaux souscrits par la France &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid. &#167;3&#034; id=&#034;nh6-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En jugeant en ce sens que les stipulationsde l'accord ne rel&#232;vent pas du domaine de la loi et d&#232;s lors, qu'elles n'impliquaient pas n&#233;cessairement que le Parlement ait &#224; intervenir, l'arr&#234;t ne modifie pas la jurisprudence, mais consacre une nouvelle fois une interpr&#233;tation stricte des domaines devant donner lieu &#224; validation l&#233;gislative au sens de l'article 53 de la Constitution.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Concr&#232;tement, le Conseil d'&#201;tat laisse &#224; l'ex&#233;cutif une large marge de man&#339;uvre en ce domaine. Or, compte tenu de l'importance qu'occupe le droit des &#233;trangers dans l'espace public, la circonstance que de tels accords &#233;chappent au contr&#244;le du l&#233;gislateur est aussi contestable que pr&#233;occupante.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Ouest France, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ouest-france.fr/societe/immigration/les-regularisations-de-sans-papiers-ont-baisse-de-42-pourcent-de-janvier-a-septembre-2025-3fe27286-df54-11f0-84e2-922db77b2982&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Les r&#233;gularisations de sans-papiers ont baiss&#233; de 42 % de janvier &#224; septembre 2025&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 22 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le minist&#232;re de l'Int&#233;rieur a annonc&#233; que, depuis l'entr&#233;e en vigueur de la circulaire Retailleau, les r&#233;gularisations ont chut&#233; de 42 % en 2025, et de plus de 50 % pour les r&#233;gularisations par le travail.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour rappel, en janvier 2025, le ministre de l'Int&#233;rieur Bruno Retailleau a adress&#233; aux pr&#233;fets une nouvelle circulaire, rempla&#231;ant l'ancienne circulaire &#171; Valls &#187; de 2012. Cette nouvelle circulaire avait consid&#233;rablement durci les conditions permettant aux &#233;trangers en situation administrative dite irr&#233;guli&#232;re de d&#233;poser une demande d'admission exceptionnelle au s&#233;jour, la condition tenant &#224; la dur&#233;e de r&#233;sidence en France avait notamment &#233;t&#233; port&#233;e &#224; sept ans.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette circulaire ne fait &lt;i&gt;in fine&lt;/i&gt; qu'organiser l'invisibilisation et la pr&#233;carisation de dizaines de milliers de personnes qui vivent et travaillent en France depuis plusieurs ann&#233;es. De nombreuses demandes sont rejet&#233;es au motif que l'&#233;tranger constitue &#171; une menace &#224; l'ordre public &#187;, en r&#233;alit&#233; cette notion fourre-tout est constamment utilis&#233;e par les pouvoirs publics pour stigmatiser et exclure les personnes &#233;trang&#232;res afin de satisfaire un agenda x&#233;nophobe. Derri&#232;re ces chiffres se dessine une main-d'&#339;uvre sans droits, corv&#233;able et expulsable, tout en affichant une politique migratoire pr&#233;tendument &#171; ma&#238;tris&#233;e &#187;, qui permet &#224; la France de faire valoir sa voix en Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;The New Humanitarian, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/opinion/2025/12/22/reporters-diary-iom-uses-un-immunity-avoid-scrutiny-greek-returns&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Reporters' diary : IOM uses UN immunity to avoid scrutiny of Greek returns&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 22 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En Gr&#232;ce, l'Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM) invoque son immunit&#233; onusienne pour refuser de publier les rapports annuels du programme dit de &#171; retours volontaires &#187;, financ&#233; principalement par l'Union europ&#233;enne. Depuis 2020, l'OIM a progressivement diminu&#233; la transparence sur ses activit&#233;s, en cessant de publier r&#233;guli&#232;rement des rapports cens&#233;ment publics.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette opacit&#233; est particuli&#232;rement inqui&#233;tante, d'autant que l'OIM est r&#233;guli&#232;rement mise en cause pour d&#233;guiser des politiques d'expulsion sous l'&#233;tiquette de retours dits &#171; volontaires &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens, InfoMigrants, &#171; 'Il n'y a rien de moins volontaire qu'un (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, et qu'elle a d&#233;j&#224; proc&#233;d&#233; &#224; des renvois vers des pays consid&#233;r&#233;s comme dangereux&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Note n&#176;9 Migreurop, &#171; L'OIM, une organisation au service des fronti&#232;res ... (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, tout en se d&#233;faussant de toute forme de responsabilit&#233;. En effet, le programme impose la signature de d&#233;charges de responsabilit&#233; qui exon&#232;rent int&#233;gralement l'OIM et l'&#201;tat grec de toute obligation, y compris en cas de pr&#233;judice grave ou de d&#233;c&#232;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Au-del&#224; de la transparence, cette immunit&#233; a des cons&#233;quences directes pour les personnes concern&#233;es, qui dans de nombreux cas ne b&#233;n&#233;ficient jamais de l'aide promise. D&#233;j&#224; en 2017, un rapport de Medico International alertait sur la maltraitance en Gr&#232;ce des demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile qui ont donn&#233; par &#233;crit leur accord pour un retour &#171; volontaire &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Medico International, &#171; KoluBilisumawirdverraten &#187;, le 22 juin 2017&#034; id=&#034;nh6-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Directive &#171; facilitation &#187;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;La via Libera, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://lavialibera.it/it-schede-2514-solidarieta_migranti_diventa_reato_allarme_esperti_onu_pacchetto_ue_facilitatori_traffico#https://lavialibera.it/it-schede-2514-solidarieta_migranti_diventa_reato_allarme_esperti_onu_pacchetto_ue_facilitatori_traffico&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; La solidariet&#224; rischia di diventare reato : l'allarme degli esperti Onu sul pacchetto Ue 'contro il traffico di migranti'&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 19 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans un communiqu&#233; de presse du 1er d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;UNCHR, Communiqu&#233; de presse, &#171; European Union : UN experts alarmed by risk (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, quatre expert&#183;e&#183;s de l'ONU alertent sur les dangers que la proposition de directive de la Commission europ&#233;enne&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Proposition de directive du parlement europ&#233;en et du conseil &#233;tablissant des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; pour lutter contre le &#171; trafic de migrants &#187; entra&#238;ne un &#171; risque s&#233;rieux de criminaliser des actions de sauvetage et d'assistance &#187;, telles que le soutien juridique, le transport ou encore l'h&#233;bergement.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La r&#233;forme de la directive dite &#171; facilitation &#187; impose aux &#201;tats membres de poursuivre toute aide &#224; l'entr&#233;e, au transit ou au s&#233;jour, sur la base de d&#233;finitions floues et extensives, qui permettront &lt;i&gt;in fine &lt;/i&gt;de condamner &#224; tour de bras, aussi bien les personnes exil&#233;es que les d&#233;fenseur&#183;euse&#183;s des droits humains. En effet, malgr&#233; des d&#233;clarations de principe, aucune clause contraignante ne prot&#232;ge clairement les actes de solidarit&#233;. Or, dans un contexte de r&#233;pression croissante de la solidarit&#233;,&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens, Picum, &#171; At least 142 people criminalised for helping (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; cette ambigu&#239;t&#233; ouvre la voie &#224; des poursuites arbitraires, justifi&#233;es au nom de la lutte contre le &#171; trafic de migrants &#187;, utilis&#233;e pour d&#233;guiser des politiques qui criminalisent les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s et r&#233;priment celles et ceux qui les d&#233;fendent ou leur portent assistance.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Frontex&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68972/refoulement-greceturquie--frontex-jugee-responsable-par-la-cour-de-justice-de-lue&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Refoulement Gr&#232;ce-Turquie : Frontex jug&#233;e responsable par la Cour de justice de l'UE&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 31 d&#233;cembre 2025.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Par deux arr&#234;ts en date du 18 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;CJUE, Hamoudi c/ Frontex, aff. C-136/24P ; CJUE, WS e.a.c/ Frontex, aff. (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, la Cour de justice de l'Union europ&#233;enne a enjoint le Tribunal &#224; revoir sa copie, s'agissant de refoulements men&#233;es conjointement par les autorit&#233;s grecques et les agents de Frontex. Le juge europ&#233;en a jug&#233; en ce sens que &#171; le droit &#224; une protection juridictionnelle effective exige d'am&#233;nager la charge de la preuve &#187; en mati&#232;re d'engagement de la responsabilit&#233; extra-contractuelle de l'Union europ&#233;enne du fait des actions de son agence Frontex et, que le droit de l'Union &#171; impose [&#224; Frontex] un ensemble d'obligations visant &#224; garantir le respect des droits fondamentaux dans le cadre des op&#233;rations de retour &#187;, faute de quoi sa responsabilit&#233; serait engag&#233;e en cas de violation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;D&#232;s lors, l'agence doit s'acquitter d'obligations positives pour garantir le respect des droits fondamentaux, au titre desquelles elle doit notamment &#171; v&#233;rifier que des d&#233;cisions de retour existent pour l'ensemble des personnes qu'un &#201;tat membre entend inclure dans une op&#233;ration de retour &#187;. La Cour a aussi d&#233;cid&#233; d'adopter une nouvelle exigence et d&#233;sormais le&#183;arequ&#233;rant&#183;e qui pr&#233;tend &#234;tre victime d'un refoulement doit &#171; apporter des &#233;l&#233;ments suffisamment d&#233;taill&#233;s, sp&#233;cifiques et concordants &#187; de sa pr&#233;sence lors du refoulement pour d&#233;clencher l'obligation d'instruire l'affaire.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ces d&#233;cisions viennent contredire des ann&#233;es de d&#233;n&#233;gation institutionnelle et d'irresponsabilit&#233; de Frontex&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment, Anna Sibley, &#171; Frontex agent intouchable du renseignement (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, r&#233;guli&#232;rement mis en cause pour sa participation ou complaisance dans des refoulements aux fronti&#232;res de l'Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir la note n&#176;3 de Migreurop, Frontex : Une agence europ&#233;enne hors de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Reste &#224; savoir si ces d&#233;cisions viendront v&#233;ritablement mettre un terme &#224; l'impunit&#233; de Frontex ou si l'audace du juge ne sera qu'un coup d'&#233;p&#233;e dans l'eau.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Conseil JAI&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;EuroNews, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/12/08/les-pays-de-lue-intensifient-les-expulsions-en-signant-un-nouvel-accord-sur-les-centres-de&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Les pays de l'UE intensifient les expulsions en signant un nouvel accord sur les centres de retour&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 8 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Euractiv, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/les-ministres-de-lue-scellent-un-accord-sur-les-migrations-les-ong-denoncent-une-derive-securitaire/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Les ministres de l'UE scellent un accord sur les migrations, les ONG d&#233;noncent une d&#233;rive s&#233;curitaire&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 8 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Conseil &#171; Justice et affaires int&#233;rieures &#187; (JAI), r&#233;uni le 8 d&#233;cembre, a approuv&#233; une s&#233;rie de propositions l&#233;gislatives pr&#233;sent&#233;es par la Commission europ&#233;enne. Celles-ci visent notamment &#224; acc&#233;l&#233;rer la mise en &#339;uvre du Pacte sur la migration et l'asile, ainsi qu'&#224; autoriser la cr&#233;ation de &#171; centres de retour &#187; dans des pays tiers &#224; l'Union. Ces &#171; hubs de retours &#187; seront destin&#233;s &#224; accueillir les personnes exil&#233;es d&#233;bout&#233;es de l'asile. Ce dispositif rappelle les tr&#232;s contest&#233;s centres de Tirana, issus du protocole Italie-Albanie (2023)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir, Migreurop, &#171; Protocole d'accord Italie/Albanie sur les migrations : (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; paralys&#233;s par la Cour de justice de l'UE le 1er ao&#251;t 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment, Amnesty, &#171; Italie. La d&#233;cision de la Cour de justice de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, mais qui pourraient fonctionner &#224; nouveau si le texte est adopt&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Conseil a &#233;galement approuv&#233; l'acc&#233;l&#233;ration de la mise en application du Pacte afin de g&#233;n&#233;raliser des proc&#233;dures d'asile acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;es aux fronti&#232;res ou dans des zones de transit. Ces proc&#233;dures viseraient en particulier les demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s dont la nationalit&#233; pr&#233;sente un taux de reconnaissance du droit d'asile inf&#233;rieur &#224; 20 %, ainsi que les personnes originaires de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La proposition approuv&#233;e ent&#233;rine &#233;galement une liste de &#171; pays d'origine s&#251;rs &#187;, parmi lesquels l'&#201;gypte, la Tunisie, le Kosovo ou encore la Turquie, et ce en d&#233;pit des violations r&#233;p&#233;t&#233;es et document&#233;es des droits humains dans ces &#201;tats&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens, Migreurop &#171; D&#233;construire le mythe des pays &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; dans la (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-30&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Elle pr&#233;voit en outre une r&#233;vision du concept de &#171; pays tiers s&#251;rs &#187; afin que les personnes en migration puissent ainsi &#234;tre expuls&#233;es vers des pays o&#249; elles ont simplement transit&#233;, voire qu'elles n'ont jamais foul&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ces propositions illustrent l'obsession de l'Union europ&#233;enne pour expulser &#224; tout prix les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s, quitte &#224; engager sa responsabilit&#233; dans les violations de leurs droits. Si ces propositions doivent encore &#234;tre d&#233;battues et vot&#233;es au Parlement europ&#233;en dans les mois &#224; venir, la composition politique actuelle de cette institution laisse pr&#233;sager leur adoption dans les termes propos&#233;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Conseil de l'Europe&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Lib&#233;ration, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/tribunes/ne-sacrifions-pas-la-convention-europeenne-des-droits-de-lhomme-sur-lautel-des-peurs-migratoires-20251213_MILPLNIW3RHIRDLUYNNJAYK2GQ/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Ne sacrifions pas la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'homme sur l'autel des peurs migratoires&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 13 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 10 d&#233;cembre, une majorit&#233; d'&#201;tats membres du Conseil de l'Europe a d&#233;fendu, &#224; l'initiative de KeirStarmer, la n&#233;cessit&#233; d'une &#171; nouvelle approche &#187; de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme (CEDH), afin de faciliter les expulsions des personnes exil&#233;es en situation administrative dite irr&#233;guli&#232;re. La d&#233;claration conjointe adopt&#233;e par vingt-sept &#201;tats invite &#224; &#171; r&#233;&#233;quilibrer &#187; l'article 8 (droit au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale), afin de lever les obstacles juridiques &#224; l'expulsion des personnes condamn&#233;es pour &#171; crimes graves &#187;, tout en proposant de restreindre la port&#233;e de l'article 3 (interdiction de la torture et des traitements inhumains ou d&#233;gradants) aux &#171; situations les plus extr&#234;mes &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En r&#233;duisant le champ d'application de l'article 3, les &#201;tats sacrifient un droit fondamental - qui ne souffre aucune exception- &#224; de pr&#233;tendus imp&#233;ratifs de s&#233;curit&#233; nationale, instrumentalis&#233;s pour l&#233;gitimer des politiques r&#233;pressives et d'exclusion.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pr&#233;sent&#233;e sous les atours trompeurs de la &#171; modernisation &#187;, cette prise de position s'inscrit dans une dynamique inqui&#233;tante de remise en question du droit international des droits de l'Homme, et de la l&#233;gitimit&#233; du pouvoir judiciaire. Elle traduit une volont&#233; d'ing&#233;rence politique dans l'interpr&#233;tation de la Convention et constitue, ce faisant, une atteinte grave au principe de s&#233;paration des pouvoirs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_5785 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/revue_de_presse_-_decembre_2025.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 284.2 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/22-cd1c0.png?1767884418' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir le dernier rapport de Sea-Watch, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://sea-watch.org/en/60-libyan-attacks-at-sea-as-eu-rolls-out-red-carpet-for-militias/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;60 Libyan attacks at sea as EU rolls out red carpet for militias, new data shows&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, du 14 octobre 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens ; LaLibre, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lalibre.be/international/europe/2025/08/26/des-garde-cotes-libyens-formes-et-equipes-par-lunion-europeenne-tirent-sur-le-navire-dune-ong-qui-secourt-des-migrants-DZILOZJNK5DJRJI34FDGSSXF4A/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Des garde-c&#244;tes libyens form&#233;s et &#233;quip&#233;s par l'Union europ&#233;enne tirent sur le navire d'une ONG qui secourt des migrants &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 26 ao&#251;t 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/press-release/2017/12/libya-european-governments-complicit-in-horrific-abuse-of-refugees-and-migrants/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Libye. Les gouvernements europ&#233;ens se rendent complices des violations des droits humains des r&#233;fugi&#233;s et des migrants&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 12 d&#233;cembre 2017&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;UNSMIL, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://unsmil.unmissions.org/en/under-secretary-general-political-and-peacebuilding-affairs-rosemary-dicarlo%E2%80%99s-remarks&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs Rosemary DiCarlo's remarks to the Security Council on the situation in Libya&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 19 f&#233;vrier 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens, MSF, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.msf.fr/actualites/libye-l-enfer-des-centres-de-detention-raconte-de-l-interieur&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Libye : l'enfer des centres de d&#233;tention racont&#233; de l'int&#233;rieur&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 7 d&#233;cembre 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;#ttps://www.amnesty.org/fr/documents/mde30/0180/2025/fr/&#034; class=&#034;spip_ancre&#034;&gt;Tunisie : &#171; Personne ne vous entend quand vous criez &#187; : Le dangereux tournant de la politique migratoire en Tunisie &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 6 novembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment, Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3473.html&#034;&gt;Suspension des activit&#233;s du FTDES en Tunisie&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 28 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2025/11/tunisia-escalating-crackdown-on-human-rights-organizations-reaches-critical-levels/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisie. Le durcissement de la r&#233;pression contre les organisations de d&#233;fense des droits humains atteint des niveaux critiques&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 14 novembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;CEDH, Cour (pl&#233;ni&#232;re), Soering c/ Royaume-Uni, 7 juillet 1989, 14038/88&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment, Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/07/14/syrie-l-armee-israelienne-frappe-plusieurs-chars-apres-les-combats-entre-bedouins-et-druzes_6621175_3210.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=8&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;N&#233;gociations pour un cessez-le-feu dans le sud de la Syrie, apr&#232;s des combats meurtriers&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 14 juillet 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Euractiv, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/rapatriement-de-syriens-le-ministre-allemand-des-affaires-etrangeres-declenche-une-polemique-au-sein-de-son-parti-conservateur/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Rapatriement de Syriens : le ministre allemand des Affaires &#233;trang&#232;res d&#233;clenche une pol&#233;mique au sein de son parti conservateur&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 6 novembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Parti d'extr&#234;me droite autrichien.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2003:251:0012:0018:fr:PDF&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Directive 2003/86/ce du conseil du 22 septembre 2003 relative au droit au regroupement familial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir la revue de presse de &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3467.html?lang_article=fr#outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;septembre 2025.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir la &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3482.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;revue de presse d'octobre 2025&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;file:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/508947,%20508948.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034;&gt;CE, 30 d&#233;cembre 2025, GISTI et autres, n&#176;508947, 508948, point 3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid. &#167;3&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens, InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/64924/il-ny-a-rien-de-moins-volontaire-quun-retour-volontaire--des-chercheurs-denoncent-des-politiques-dexpulsion-deguisee&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;'Il n'y a rien de moins volontaire qu'un 'retour volontaire'' : des chercheurs d&#233;noncent des politiques d'expulsion d&#233;guis&#233;e&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 3 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Note n&#176;9 Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_9_fr.pdf&#034;&gt; L'OIM, une organisation au service des fronti&#232;res ... ferm&#233;es&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, mai 2019&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Medico International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://web.archive.org/web/20200808001644/https:/www.medico.de/kolu-bilisuma-wird-verraten-16793/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; KoluBilisumawirdverraten&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 22 juin 2017&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;UNCHR, Communiqu&#233; de presse, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/12/european-union-un-experts-alarmed-risk-humanitarian-assistance&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;European Union : UN experts alarmed by risk of humanitarian assistance criminalisation&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 1er d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52023PC0755&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Proposition de directive du parlement europ&#233;en et du conseil &#233;tablissant des r&#232;gles minimales pour pr&#233;venir et combattre l'aide &#224; l'entr&#233;e, au transit et au s&#233;jour non autoris&#233;s dans l'Union&lt;/a&gt;, le 28 novembre 2023, 2023/0439 (Cod)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens, Picum, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://picum.org/blog/at-least-142-people-criminalised-for-helping-migrants-in-europe-in-2024/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; At least 142 people criminalised for helping migrants in Europe in 2024&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 29 avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2025-12/cp250159fr.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;CJUE, Hamoudi c/ Frontex, aff. C-136/24P&lt;/a&gt; ; &lt;a href=&#034;https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2025-12/cp250158fr.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;CJUE, WS e.a.c/ Frontex, aff. C-679/23P&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment, Anna Sibley, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3472.html#nb7&#034;&gt;Frontex agent intouchable du renseignement migratoire&lt;/a&gt; &#187; article publi&#233; dans la revue Plein droit du n&#176;145 &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/article7541&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrations, pourquoi tant de discours ? &lt;/a&gt; &#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir la note n&#176;3 de Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_3.3_frontex_hors_de_controle_-_2021_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;Frontex : Une agence europ&#233;enne hors de contr&#244;le&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Voir notamment, Euronews, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/06/24/tests-obligatoires-et-duree-de-residence-plus-longue-la-nationalite-portugaise-soumise-a-d&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La nationalit&#233; portugaise sera d&#233;sormais soumise &#224; des r&#232;gles plus strictes&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 24 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir, Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3230.html&#034;&gt;Protocole d'accord Italie/Albanie sur les migrations : une coop&#233;ration transfronti&#232;re contraire au droit international&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 13 f&#233;vrier 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment, Amnesty, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2025/08/italy-eu-court-ruling-on-safe-countries-of-origin-is-a-heavy-blow-to-italy-albania-migration-deal/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Italie. La d&#233;cision de la Cour de justice de l'Union europ&#233;enne sur les &#171; pays d'origine s&#251;rs &#187; est un coup rude pour l'accord migratoire entre l'Italie et l'Albanie&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 1er ao&#251;t 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-30&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-30&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens, Migreurop &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3432.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;D&#233;construire le mythe des pays &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; dans la politique de retour de l'UE&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 20 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press Review November 2025</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3498.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3498.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-12-10T14:47:24Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Mauritania</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Greece</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Mauritania El Diario, &#8220;La UE abre en Mauritania, con la colaboraci&#243;n de Espa&#241;a, dos c&#225;rceles para migrantes inspiradas en los campamentos policiales de Canarias&#8221;, 6 November 2025. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
On 17 October 2025, two new &#8220;temporary reception centres for foreigners&#8221; were inaugurated in Mauritania, in Nouakchott and Nouadhibou. These facilities were funded and built by the European Union with the support of the Foundation for the Internationalisation of Public Administrations (FIAP), following the model (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot23.html" rel="tag"&gt;Mauritania&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/13-2-62382.png?1765378183' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Mauritania&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Mauritania&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisia&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italy&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Greece&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Frontex&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;The solidarity mechanism&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;The solidarity mechanism&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Mauritania&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; El Diario, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.eldiario.es/canariasahora/migraciones/gobierno-espana-abre-mauritania-carceles-migrantes-inspiradas-campamentos-policiales-canarias_1_12745595.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La UE abre en Mauritania, con la colaboraci&#243;n de Espa&#241;a, dos c&#225;rceles para migrantes inspiradas en los campamentos policiales de Canarias&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 6 November 2025.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 17 October 2025, two new &#8220;temporary reception centres for foreigners&#8221; were inaugurated in Mauritania, in Nouakchott and Nouadhibou. These facilities were funded and built by the European Union with the support of the Foundation for the Internationalisation of Public Administrations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;To learn more about the role of this Spanish cooperation agency.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; (FIAP), following the model of the &#8220;Centros de Acogida Temporal de Extranjeros&#8221;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#8220;Temporary detention centers for foreigners&#8221;&#034; id=&#034;nh7-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; (CATE) in the Canary Islands. Their opening forms part of the migration partnership concluded in 2024 with the European Union to &#8220;reduce departures towards Europe&#8221;. Officially, people arrested may be held there for up to 72 hours for &#8220;identification interviews&#8221;. However, an investigation by &lt;i&gt;porCausa&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;El Salto&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard, &#8220;El Gobierno de Espa&#241;a abre dos c&#225;rceles de migrantes en (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; warns of the risk that these centres may operate as detention sites, a claim which the European Union denies&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See thepress release from the European Union Delegation in Mauritania.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By delegating to an authoritarian regime&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular,the statement of the Association Mauritanienne des Droits (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; the management, detention and sorting of people on the move, the European Union deliberately places itself outside &#8220;the control mechanisms&#8221; that apply on its own territory. The construction of these centres highlights the responsibility of a Union that continues to externalise its borders at any cost, in this instance in a country where serious human rights violations are thoroughly documented&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard, the report by the. NGO Human Rights Watch, &#171; Mauritanie (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In addition, a report published this month on the CATE in the Canary Islands highlights the failure to comply with international standards, both regarding infrastructure and access to information or the effective possibility of applying for asylum&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the report by Novact and Iridia, &#171;Abandono y violencia institucional (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. The new centres in Nouakchott and Nouadhibou, directly inspired by them, risk in turn becoming links in yet another system of invisibilisation and forced return.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Tunisia&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2025/11/06/tunisie-les-migrants-confrontes-a-des-violations-generalisees-de-leurs-droits-humains-denonce-amnesty-qui-critique-l-europe_6652390_3212.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisie : les migrants confront&#233;s &#224; des &#171; violations g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233;es &#187; de leurs droits humains, d&#233;nonce Amnesty, qui critique l'Europe&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 6 November 2025.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In a report published on 6 November 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Amnesty International, &#171; Tunisie : &#171; Personne ne vous entend quand vous (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, Amnesty International documents, on the basis of more than a hundred testimonies gathered between 2023 and 2025, the violations committed in Tunisia against people on the move. The report describes a migration policy based on racist practices, beatings, torture, sexual violence and dangerous, unlawful and violent interceptions at sea by the Tunisian National Guard. Amnesty condemns the passivity and cynicism of the European Union and highlights its responsibility under the memorandum of understanding concluded with Tunis in July 2023 to &#8220;prevent departures towards Europe&#8221;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Despite massive and well-documented human rights violations in Tunisia&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular, &#171;La Tunisie n'est pas un lieu s&#251;r pour les personnes (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, the European Union and its Member States have not ended their cooperation with the authoritarian and repressive government of Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed, prioritising restrictions on mobility over respect for the rule of law. By externalising the management of migration to Tunisia while closing their eyes to the widespread violations of the rights of people on the move in the country, the European Union incurs responsibility.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Italy&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; InfoMigrants, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/68411/explainer-italys-20262028-flow-decree-decreto-flussi&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Explainer: Italy's 2026-2028 'Flow Decree' (Decreto Flussi)&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 28 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Italian Parliament definitively adopted on 26 November the &#8220;Flow Decree&#8221; for 2026&#8211;2028, which sets quotas for the admission of foreign workers for the next three years. It provides for the allocation of nearly 500,000 work permits, with specific quotas reserved for countries considered Italy's &#8220;migration partners&#8221;. The procedures are fully digital and rely on a calendar of &#8220;click days&#8221; that determine when employers may lodge applications.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This decree establishes a system of exploitation of foreign workers, based on a utilitarian vision of migration. Under the guise of a controlled &#8220;opening&#8221; of borders, it organises the dependence of foreign workers on their employers and makes any right to stay conditional on precarious contracts, thus creating a workforce that is easily replaceable and easily expellable. At the same time Italy is also attacking the right to family reunification, preventing workers from settling permanently with their families and living in dignity. The IDOS Study and Research Centre revealed in its 2025 Statistical Report on Immigration&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard,DOSSIER STATISTICO IMMIGRAZIONE 2025 .&#034; id=&#034;nh7-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, that Italy's &#8220;flow decrees&#8221; favour the exploitation of foreign workers and human trafficking&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular, Melting Pot, &#8220;I decreti flussi favoriscono lo (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Rfi, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/europe/20251114-italie-albanie-la-question-migratoire-au-coeur-du-premier-sommet-intergouvernemental-entre-les-deux-pays&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Italie-Albanie: la question migratoire au c&#339;ur du premier sommet intergouvernemental entre les deux pays&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 14 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The first Italy&#8211;Albania intergovernmental summit was held in Rome on 13 November 2025. Beyond trade partnerships and Italy's support for Albania's accession to the European Union, the central issue was the implementation of the memorandum of understanding concluded in 2023, providing for the establishment in Albania of detention and removal centres under Italian jurisdiction. Although the initial agreement envisioned the processing of 36,000 people per year, the scheme has so far barely operated&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard, InfoMigrants, &#171; L'Italie a proc&#233;d&#233; &#224; sa premi&#232;re (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; due to objections from Italian&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Corriere della Sera, &#8220;Migranti, i giudici di Bologna rinviano alla Corte Ue (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; and European courts&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular,the Amnesty International press release.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The failure to implement the Italy&#8211;Albania protocol since 2023 shows that this structure rests on a structural violation of legal safeguards (absence of effective remedies and judicial oversight). Yet Giorgia Meloni insists the centres will operate as planned and will be fully functional when the European Pact on Migration and Asylum enters into force in June 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These centres represent a step forward in the European strategy of externalisation: not only asylum procedures and administrative detention but now expulsions themselves are delegated to non-EU states conveniently designated as &#8220;safe&#8221;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This requires altering current EU law by building new European legislation (the Pact, the concept of safe countries, the Return Regulation) that is less protective, allowing Member States to evade their international obligations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard, Migreurop, &#171; Protocole d'accord Italie/Albanie sur les (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;France&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2025/11/27/migrants-des-associations-demandent-a-la-justice-de-forcer-l-etat-a-ameliorer-les-conditions-de-vie-dans-les-camps-du-dunkerquois_6655058_3224.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrants : des associations demandent &#224; la justice de forcer l'Etat &#224; am&#233;liorer les conditions de vie dans les camps du Dunkerquois&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 27 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68225/nord-de-la-france--six-associations-attaquent-letat-en-justice-pour-non-respect-des-droits-humains-envers-les-migrants&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Nord de la France : six associations attaquent l'&#201;tat en justice pour 'non-respect des droits humains' envers les migrants&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 19 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Six organisations &#8212; Refugee Women's Centre, M&#233;decins du Monde, Utopia 56, Roots, Salam and Human Rights Observers &#8212; lodged an emergency application before the administrative court in Lille on 18 November. They denounce the &#8220;non-respect of human rights&#8221; suffered by more than 2,000 migrants living in precarious camps in the Dunkirk area and ask the court to recognise the &#8220;serious and unlawful&#8221; infringement of fundamental freedoms and order immediate and lasting measures: access to water, food, healthcare, accommodation, and information.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The situation in the Dunkirk area reflects a deliberate policy of non-reception designed to deter migration by making living conditions so intolerable that people on the move &#8220;give up&#8221; remaining on the coast. As early as 2017, the courts ordered the State to ensure minimum access to water and sanitation in camps in the Calais area&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Conseil d'&#201;tat, 6&#232;me chambre, 31/07/2017, n&#176;412125, Published in the Lebon (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. But as in Calais, these obligations are now ignored, and the French State denies people on the move the material conditions of dignified and adequate reception, exposing them to severe vulnerability.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Migrants survive only thanks to the work of organisations that alone compensate for the State's inaction and act as a defence against institutional violence.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Greece&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; InfoMigrants, &#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68087/la-grece-procede-aux-premiers-tests-osseux-sur-les-jeunes-migrants-affirmant-etre-mineurs&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La Gr&#232;ce proc&#232;de aux premiers tests osseux sur les jeunes migrants affirmant &#234;tre mineurs&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 12 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Ekathimerini, &#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1286431/greece-conducts-first-age-tests-on-migrants-claiming-to-be-minors/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Greece conducts first age tests on migrants claiming to be minors&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 11 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Greece has now generalised bone tests to determine the age of young migrants who declare themselves minors, following a ministerial decision adopted in August 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Greek City Times, &#171; Greece Introduces Medical Tests to Verify Asylum (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. This system requires a series of assessments &#8212; medical, psychosocial and radiographic of the wrist or left hand &#8212; to determine age. Where results diverge, the radiographic exam prevails. The Minister for Migration and Asylum, Thanos Plevris, has already welcomed the scheme, stating that more than 50% of those tested were declared to be adults.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The use of bone tests is not new in Greece or elsewhere in Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard,The Asylum Information Database,Country Report: Greece, 2020.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, but it is now openly assumed and normalised. Yet these methods are scientifically discredited because of their margin of error, sometimes of several years&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular,the observations of the UN Committee on the Rights of the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The European Economic and Social Committee has called for them to be &#8220;abandoned outright&#8221;, stressing that in the absence of reliable tools it is irresponsible to rely on methods known to be approximate&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the &#034;protection of (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By basing fundamental decisions &#8212; access to accommodation, protection, regular stay &#8212; on a tool deemed &#8220;as reliable as a crystal ball&#8221;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;La Croix, &#171; Le Conseil constitutionnel valide les tests osseux pour les (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, the Greek State effectively jeopardises the protection owed to unaccompanied minors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By choosing a cynical, scientifically dubious and politically opportunistic approach, Greece opens the way to their expulsion and disregards its obligations regarding the rights of the child and the best interests of the minor, to whom the benefit of the doubt is not given. In doing so, it incurs responsibility for violations of their rights, exposing them still further to trafficking, abuse, mistreatment and police violence&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the report of the United Nations Committee on the Rights (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/11/17/le-gouvernement-britannique-durcit-drastiquement-son-regime-d-asile_6653708_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Le gouvernement britannique durcit drastiquement son r&#233;gime d'asile&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 17 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68172/le-royaumeuni-reduit-la-protection-accordee-aux-refugies-dans-un-vaste-plan-antiimmigration&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Le Royaume-Uni r&#233;duit la protection accord&#233;e aux r&#233;fugi&#233;s dans un vaste plan anti-immigration&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 17 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The United Kingdom has taken a further step in dismantling asylum rights by transforming international protection into a precarious, revisable and conditional status. The Labour government's reform reduces the duration of refugee status from five years to thirty months and postpones access to permanent residence to 20 years.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Refugees will be subject to regular reassessments and may be removed as soon as London designates their country as &#8220;safe&#8221;. The government also intends to abolish automatic access to social support, use artificial intelligence to determine minority, condition access to permanent residence on employment or study, restrict family reunification and reduce the scope of the European Convention on Human Rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The government thus hollows out asylum law and departs from the letter of the Geneva Convention. This reform exposes people on the move to widespread violations of their rights: arbitrary expulsions based on opportunistic designations of &#8220;safe countries&#8221;, infringements of the right to private and family life, and violations of children's rights through the use of artificial intelligence to determine age.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Behind this repressive shift, presented as a &#8220;historic&#8221; turning point, lies an electoral strategy. Faced with pressure from the far right and the rise of Nigel Farage, Keir Starmer has adopted a rhetoric of firmness that sacrifices people on the move to electoral politics.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Frontex&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Digit.site36.net, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://digit.site36.net/2025/11/15/frontex-launches-aerial-surveillance-in-west-africa-its-fundamental-rights-officer-raises-concerns/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Frontex launches aerial surveillance in West Africa &#8211; its fundamental rights officer raises concerns&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 15 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Frontex is opening its first air base in Africa, in Cape Verde, to monitor the Atlantic route towards the Canary Islands. Using aircraft chartered from private companies, the agency intends to detect boats departing from Senegal, Mauritania or Gambia, and transmit this information to the local authorities so they can intercept migrants. After failed negotiations with Dakar and Nouakchott, Cape Verde thus becomes the new pivot of a European control system deployed far beyond its borders and based on a fragile legal foundation. In principle, Frontex's mandate does not permit it to operate directly outside the European Union. To circumvent this limit, the agency will not deploy its own staff but will outsource surveillance to private actors while receiving real-time images in Warsaw.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This new system fuels a form of &#8220;proxy pushback&#8221;, marked by documented risks of serious violations of fundamental rights&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Migreurop press release of 26 October 2024, Frontex celebrates 20 years of (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The agency's own Fundamental Rights Officer reportedly warned in May of the absence of safeguards in countries where protection against inhuman treatment is not guaranteed, recalling the obligation to respect the principle of non-refoulement&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard, Nd, &#171; Frontex fliegt jetzt vor Westafrika&#187; , 16 November (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At a time when the European agency is criticised for its participation or complicity in pushbacks in the Aegean Sea and at the Balkan borders&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop note no. 3, Frontex : A european agency out of control.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, its arrival in Cape Verde confirms once again the normalisation of extraterritorial repressive practices targeting people on the move.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/67925/100-frontex-officers-arrive-in-bosnia-to-boost-border-patrols&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;100 Frontex officers arrive in Bosnia to boost border patrols&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 4 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 4 November 2025, Frontex deployed 100 officers to Bosnia and Herzegovina. The official aim is to prevent &#8220;irregular crossings&#8221; and strengthen security along the Balkan route. Frontex officers will patrol alongside Bosnian border guards and participate in surveillance operations at borders and airports. The &lt;a href=&#034;https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/1af2754b-193e-4fb0-b4ff-65612d87a353_en?filename=Status-agreement-with-Bosnia-and-Herzegovina_en.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;cooperation agreement&lt;/a&gt; between Frontex and Sarajevo was signed in June 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See theJune 2025 press review&#034; id=&#034;nh7-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This deployment illustrates the EU's growing strategy of externalising border control, whereby responsibilities for &#8220;reception&#8221; are delegated to third countries to prevent people on the move from reaching Europe, in disregard of their rights. By strengthening Frontex's presence in Bosnia, the EU extends its filtering capacity upstream of its own borders, in a country where violence, pushbacks and degrading treatment against migrants are regularly denounced&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard, Le Monde, &#171; En Bosnie, une inhumaine route migratoire &#187;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This deployment also raises concerns regarding access to rights, as it offers no effective guarantees against violence and inhuman or degrading treatment that could result from the presence of the European agency. Not only because Frontex is near-immune to legal accountability&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular, Anna Sibley, &#171; Frontex agent intouchable du renseignement (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, but also because Article 12 of the agreement guarantees its impunity for all acts committed in the context of a joint operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, whether before criminal, civil or administrative courts.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Thus, even if the agency's officers do not operate alone, their presence contributes to legitimising a coercive and opaque control system outside the EU.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=33&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;The solidarity mechanism&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Euronews, &#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/11/13/la-pologne-et-la-hongrie-sont-pretes-a-defier-lue-au-sujet-des-regles-inacceptables-en-mat&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La Pologne et la Hongrie sont pr&#234;tes &#224; d&#233;fier l'UE sur les r&#232;gles en mati&#232;re d'immigration&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 13 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Euronews, &#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/11/11/lue-devoile-sa-liste-des-etats-membres-les-plus-exposes-a-la-pression-migratoire&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Madrid, Rome, Ath&#232;nes et Nicosie sous 'pression migratoire', selon l'UE&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 12 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In its annual report on asylum and migration, the European Commission ranks Spain, Italy, Greece and Cyprus as countries &#8220;under migratory pressure&#8221;, mainly due to the arrival of people on the move by sea. This classification triggers the Pact's &#8220;solidarity mechanism&#8221;, planned to enter into force in 2026: relocations of asylum seekers, payment of &#8364;20,000 per person not taken in, or operational support to the concerned states. The announcement immediately provoked strong opposition from a group of states &#8212; Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic &#8212; which reject both the reception of asylum seekers and the financial contribution. The Polish and Hungarian leaders, engaged in domestic political posturing before elections, promise to &#8220;apply nothing&#8221; from the Pact.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With the &#8220;solidarity mechanism&#8221;, the European Union claims to resolve a situation for which it is itself responsible, as the rise in Mediterranean crossings is a direct consequence of the closure of European borders. This mechanism is in reality an inequitable device that organises the &#8220;authoritarian distribution of people on the move among a few willing states, while the others may avoid it by paying a financial contribution&#8221;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Le Gisti, &#171; Tout savoir sur le &#171; Nouveau Pacte sur la migration et l'asile &#187; (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. People on the move are thus arbitrarily sent to a country they do not know, without consideration for their circumstances, their needs or their choices, becoming transferable or buyable accounting units.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Far from building European solidarity, the Pact reinforces existing imbalances and consolidates a governance system based on sorting, detention and exclusion, to the detriment of the fundamental rights of people on the move.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_5730 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/press_review_-_november_2025.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 507.8 KiB' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/13-42552.png?1765378183' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;To learn more about the &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.exteriores.gob.es/fr/Comunicacion/NotasPrensa/Paginas/2025_NOTAS_P/Albares-presenta-la-nueva-Fundacion-para-la-Internacionalizacion-de-las-Administraciones-Publicas-FIAP.aspx&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;role of this Spanish cooperation agency&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#8220;Temporary detention centers for foreigners&#8221;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.elsaltodiario.com/fronteras/gobierno-espana-abre-dos-carceles-migrantes-mauritania&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;El Gobierno de Espa&#241;a abre dos c&#225;rceles de migrantes en Mauritania&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
, 5 November 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/mauritania/communiqu%C3%A9-de-la-d%C3%A9l%C3%A9gation-de-l%E2%80%99union-europ%C3%A9enne-en-mauritanie_en&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;press release from the European Union Delegation in Mauritania&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular,&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3380.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;the statement of the Association Mauritanienne des Droits de l'Homme&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard, the report by the. NGO Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2025/08/27/mauritanie-des-annees-dabus-lies-aux-controles-des-migrations&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritanie : Des ann&#233;es d'abus li&#233;s aux contr&#244;les des migrations&lt;/a&gt;&#187;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
, 27 august 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the report by Novact and Iridia, &#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://novact.org/es/publicacio/abandono-y-violencia-institucional-hacia-las-personas-migrantes/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Abandono y violencia institucional hacia las personas migrantes: Un an&#225;lisis territorial&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, published on 2 november 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/documents/mde30/0180/2025/fr/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisie : &#171; Personne ne vous entend quand vous criez &#187;: Le dangereux tournant de la politique migratoire en Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;&#187;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
, 6 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular, &#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3283.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;La Tunisie n'est pas un lieu s&#251;r pour les personnes secourues en mer&lt;/a&gt; &#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard,&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.dossierimmigrazione.it/en/prodotto/dossier-statistico-immigrazione-2025/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;DOSSIER STATISTICO IMMIGRAZIONE 2025&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular, Melting Pot, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.meltingpot.org/2025/11/i-decreti-flussi-favoriscono-lo-sfruttamento-dei-lavoratori-e-delle-lavoratrici-migranti/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;I decreti flussi favoriscono lo sfruttamento dei lavoratori e delle lavoratrici migranti&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
, 3 November 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard, InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/65332/litalie-a-procede-a-sa-premiere-expulsion-de-migrants-depuis-son-centre-en-albanie&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'Italie a proc&#233;d&#233; &#224; sa premi&#232;re expulsion de migrants depuis son centre en Albanie&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 25 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Corriere della Sera, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.corriere.it/politica/24_ottobre_29/migranti-il-tribunale-di-bologna-rinvia-alla-corte-di-giustizia-ue-il-decreto-sui-paesi-sicuri-quali-norme-vanno-applicate-431327ec-8a4e-4001-972f-1ace2e827xlk.shtml&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Migranti, i giudici di Bologna rinviano alla Corte Ue il decreto sui migranti : &#171; Con questi criteri la Germania nazista sarebbe stata definita 'Paese sicuro' &#187;&lt;/a&gt;, 29 October 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular,&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.fr/presse/italie-la-dcision-de-la-cour-de-justice-de-lunion-&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;the Amnesty International press release&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard, Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3230.html&#034;&gt;Protocole d'accord Italie/Albanie sur les migrations : une coop&#233;ration transfronti&#232;re contraire au droit international&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 13 February 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/ceta/id/CETATEXT000035369315/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Conseil d'&#201;tat, 6&#232;me chambre, 31/07/2017, n&#176;412125, Published in the Lebon collection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Greek City Times, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://greekcitytimes.com/2025/08/23/greece-introduces-medical-verify-asylum-seekers-age/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Greece Introduces Medical Tests to Verify Asylum Seekers'Age&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 23 August 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard,&lt;a href=&#034;https://asylumineurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/AIDA-GR_2020update.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;The Asylum Information Database,Country Report: Greece&lt;/a&gt;, 2020.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular,&lt;a href=&#034;https://juridique.defenseurdesdroits.fr/doc_num.php?explnum_id=16561&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;the observations of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child&lt;/a&gt;sur&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; ce sujet.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020IE2281&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the &#034;protection of unaccompanied migrant minors in Europe&#034;&lt;/a&gt;, 18 September 2020&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;La Croix, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.la-croix.com/France/Immigration/Le-Conseil-constitutionnel-valide-tests-osseux-jeunes-migrants-2019-03-22-1201010648&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Le Conseil constitutionnel valide les tests osseux pour les jeunes migrants&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 22 March 2019&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/fr/press-releases/2025/10/france-responsible-grave-and-systematic-violations-rights-unaccompanied&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;the report of the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child of 16 October 2025&lt;/a&gt; of 16 October 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Migreurop press release of 26 October 2024, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3290.html&#034;&gt;Frontex celebrates 20 years of rights violations with complete impunity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard, Nd, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.nd-aktuell.de/artikel/1195498.eu-migrationsabwehr-frontex-fliegt-jetzt-vor-westafrika.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Frontex fliegt jetzt vor Westafrika&lt;/a&gt;&#187;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
, 16 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop note no. 3, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_3.3_frontex_hors_de_controle_-_2021_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;Frontex : A european agency out of control&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3434.html&#034;&gt;June 2025 press review&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard, Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/01/18/en-bosnie-une-inhumaine-route-migratoire_6066667_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;En Bosnie, une inhumaine route migratoire&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 18 January 2021 / Amnesty,&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/location/europe-and-central-asia/western-central-and-south-eastern-europe/bosnia-and-herzegovina/report-bosnia-and-herzegovina/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Rapport sur la situation des droits humains dans le monde&lt;/a&gt;, April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular, Anna Sibley, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3472.html#nb7&#034;&gt;Frontex agent intouchable du renseignement migratoire&lt;/a&gt;&#187;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; article published in the journal Plein droit no. 145 &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/article7541&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrations, pourquoi tant de discours ?&lt;/a&gt;&#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Le Gisti, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?article7046&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tout savoir sur le &#171; Nouveau Pacte sur la migration et l'asile &#187; de l'Union europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, updated on 26 november 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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