<?xml
version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<rss version="2.0" 
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
>

<channel xml:lang="fr">
	<title>MIGREUROP</title>
	<link>https://migreurop.org/</link>
	<description>Migreurop est un r&#233;seau europ&#233;en et africain de militant&#183;e&#183;s et chercheur&#183;euse&#183;s dont l'objectif est de faire conna&#238;tre et de lutter contre la g&#233;n&#233;ralisation de l'enfermement des &#233;trangers et la multiplication des camps, dispositif au c&#339;ur de la politique d'externalisation de l'Union europ&#233;enne.</description>
	<language>fr</language>
	<generator>SPIP - www.spip.net</generator>
	<atom:link href="https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />

	<image>
		<title>MIGREUROP</title>
		<url>https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L144xH38/siteon0-bf17a.png?1717745172</url>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/</link>
		<height>38</height>
		<width>144</width>
	</image>



<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press Review May/June 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3600.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3600.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-07-10T05:53:09Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Egypte</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Libya</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Morocco</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Rwanda</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Autriche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cyprus</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Manche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Greece</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Albania</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Suisse</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Afghanistan</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Detention</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Freedom of movement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation of borders</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Forced returns</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Monitoring and control </dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Egypt/EU EuroNews, &#8220;EU pays Egypt billions to manage migration &#8212; Cairo says it is not enough&#8221;, 21 May 2026* &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Faced with the reception crisis currently affecting Egypt, Cairo is pressing the EU to increase its funding for &#8216;migration management'. The regime considers the &#8364;200 million allocation currently available to the country for the period 2024&#8211;2027 to be &#8216;insufficient'. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
As a key partner of the EU for almost 30 years in the externalisation of borders &#8211; a cornerstone of European (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot193.html" rel="tag"&gt;Egypte&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot39.html" rel="tag"&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot184.html" rel="tag"&gt;Morocco&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot201.html" rel="tag"&gt;Rwanda&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot207.html" rel="tag"&gt;Autriche&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot45.html" rel="tag"&gt;Cyprus&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot213.html" rel="tag"&gt;Manche&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot182.html" rel="tag"&gt;Albania&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot55.html" rel="tag"&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot34.html" rel="tag"&gt;Suisse&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot21.html" rel="tag"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot189.html" rel="tag"&gt;Afghanistan&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Detention&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot178.html" rel="tag"&gt;Freedom of movement&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation of borders&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot204.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Forced returns&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Monitoring and control &lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/visuel_rp_3_-3-f5686.png?1783662833' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Egypt/EU&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Egypt/EU&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libya&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Morocco&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Morocco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Rwanda/United Kingdom&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Rwanda/United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Austria&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Austria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Cyprus&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Cyprus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Greece&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italy/Albania&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Italy/Albania&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sweden&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Sweden&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom/France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;United Kingdom/France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Switzerland&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_11'&gt;Switzerland&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Chisinau Declaration&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_12'&gt;Chisinau Declaration&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Entry into force of the Migration and Asylum Pact&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_13'&gt;Entry into force of the (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Final adoption of the &#8216;return' regulation&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_14'&gt;Final adoption of the &#8216;return'&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;A Taliban delegation in Brussels&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire_15'&gt;A Taliban delegation in (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Egypt/EU&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;EuroNews, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euronews.com/2026/05/21/eu-pays-egypt-billions-to-manage-migration-cairo-says-it-is-not-enough#https://www.euronews.com/2026/05/21/eu-pays-egypt-billions-to-manage-migration-cairo-says-it-is-not-enough&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;EU pays Egypt billions to manage migration &#8212; Cairo says it is not enough&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 21 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;*&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Faced with the reception crisis currently affecting Egypt, Cairo is pressing the EU to increase its funding for &#8216;migration management'. The regime considers the &#8364;200 million allocation currently available to the country for the period 2024&#8211;2027 to be &#8216;insufficient'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As a key partner of the EU for almost 30 years in the externalisation of borders &#8211; a cornerstone of European migration policy &#8211; Egypt wields considerable negotiating leverage. It would therefore come as no surprise if European funding were indeed increased, at a historic juncture when restrictions onmobility have become an absolute priority for the EU. This is despite systematic violations of migrants' rights in the country: migrants in Egypt are arbitrarily detained in inhuman and degrading conditions, and forced returns continue to rise&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the EuroMed Rights factsheet on this subject, &#8216;Safe on paper, dangerous (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . In March 2026, independent experts appointed by the UN Human Rights Council also warned of an intensification of deportations and violations of fundamental rights targeting migrants on Egyptian territory, in particular Sudanese and Syrian nationals&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See OHCHR, &#8220;Egypt: UN experts raise alarm over violations against refugees (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc3&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Libya&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20260519-libye-ange-de-la-mort-ancien-directeur-prison-libyen-cpi-khaled-el-hishri&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&#8216;The Angel of Death': former Libyan prison director to appear before the ICC&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 19 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;From 19 to 21 May, Khaled Mohamed Ali El Hishri, a Libyan member of the Special Deterrence Forces militia and a senior official at Mitiga Prison in Tripoli, where he is alleged to have directly committed, ordered and facilitated multiple crimes between 2014 and 2020 (war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, rape, murder and other acts of persecution). His victims are alleged to have been targeted on the basis of their gender, ethnic origin, sexual orientation and migration status. El Hishri is the first suspect to appear before the ICC for atrocities committed in Libya against migrantd persons, as part of the investigation conducted by the Court since 2011 under a UN mandate&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;14 people, including E Hishri, are currently the subject of international (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;After decades of impunity, the opening of these hearings represents a significant step forward for the victims of the Libyan detention system, which has been fuelled and supported by Europe through its border externalisation policies. Cooperation between the EU and its Member States (notably Italy) with Libya is based on three pillars: technical support and assistance provided to the &#8216;Libyan Department for Combating Illegal Immigration' (DCIM) &#8211; which manages the camps and prisons where migrants suffer serious human rights violations; training and equipping the Libyan coastguard to intercept people at sea and push them back to Libya; and the conclusion of agreements with local Libyan authorities and armed groups to strengthen border controls in the south of the country&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, Amnesty International, &#8220;Libya: European governments are (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . By continuing and strengthening its relations with Libya on migration matters, the EU is making itself complicit in the crimes currently under investigation by the ICC, as well as in the impunity that many of their perpetrators continue to enjoy&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further information, see the press release from Refugees in Libya, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The case of Najim Isama Almasri clearly illustrates this long-standing complicity. A former head of the Libyan judicial police and an accomplice of El Hishri in the running of Mitiga, he too is the subject of an international arrest warrant issued by the ICC. When he was on Italian territory in early 2025, Rome sent him back to Libya on a state flight, without handing him over to the Court&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;This refusal to cooperate with the Court has led to two complaints being (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Almasri was recently sentenced by a court in Tripoli to 7 years and 4 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71751/jai-peur-je-ne-sors-plus-de-chez-moi--en-libye-les-noirs-se-terrent-terrifies-par-la-chasse-aux-migrants-qui-sevit-dans-le-pays&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&#8216;I'm scared, I don't leave my house anymore': in Libya, Black people are going into hiding, terrified by the &#8216;hunt for migrants' raging across the country&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 5 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since early June, Africans of sub-Saharan origin in Libya have been the target of a crackdown on migrants carried out by hostile individuals, the police and local militias. Many are hiding and no longer dare to leave their homes for fear of being attacked. This wave of violence follows anti-immigration protests outside the offices of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Tripoli, sparked by false information circulated on social media about the existence of a fictitious refugee resettlement programme in Libya. The demonstrators were demanding that the UNHCR leave Libya and that refugee support services cease their activities. The UNHCR expressed concern over the demonstrators' hate speech and stated that it was working in cooperation with the Libyan authorities to find solutions for those who have fled conflict.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, as part of this escalation of violence, these same authorities have carried out mass round-ups in neighbourhoods where migrants live. It should also be noted that round-ups and arbitrary arrests of migrants by the Libyan authorities have long been documented in Libya. Those affected are detained in inhumane conditions and subjected to torture. Incidents of physical, psychological and sexual violence, as well as the abandonment of people in the desert, have also been extensively documented&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, on this subject, the information on Libya on Migreurop, &#8220;The Maghreb (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The UNHCR, whose mandate is to protect refugees in Libya, appears in reality to be serving as a &#8216;humanitarian fig leaf' to enable European states to continue their cooperation with a failed state where rights are systematically flouted&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also Refugees in Libya, &#8220;Book of Shame. How UNHCR Fails to Protect (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc4&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Morocco&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71287/on-te-traite-comme-du-betail--des-migrants-arretes-au-maroc-sur-la-route-de-melilla-racontent-leur-calvaire&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&#8216;They treat you like cattle': migrants arrested in Morocco on their way to Melilla recount their ordeal&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 8 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In late April, seven Mauritanian nationals attempted to cross the only land border between Morocco and the Spanish-controlled enclave of Melilla. They were arrested by the police and subjected to degrading treatment (including beatings and the theft of their personal belongings), before being pushed back to the Moroccan-Algerian border.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This kind of violence is a daily reality for people attempting to reach the European enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, located on the African continent. The border between Moroccan territory and these enclaves is heavily militarised: over the years, high barriers have been erected and a dense network of radar, thermal and infrared cameras has been deployed along the entire border, with the aim of preventing anyone from reaching the European territory. Forced returns are systematic and are often accompanied by physical violence and theft, perpetrated by both Moroccan and Spanish forces, whose collaboration on migration issues dates back to 1992 (agreement on the movement of persons, transit and the readmission of foreigners who have entered illegally). This cooperation has since been consolidated through a series of externalisation agreements (between Spain and Morocco, but also between the EU and Morocco), which have turned this country into a veritable &#8216;blockade zone' for migration. The systematic human rights violations in Ceuta and Melilla are emblematic of the process of building a closed-off Europe, and continue with complete impunity&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Migreurop, &#8220;CEUTA Factsheet&#8221;, Isaline Roverato, 2024&#034; id=&#034;nh10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rwanda/United Kingdom&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy526klrk20o&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;UK wins court case over collapsed Rwanda asylum deal'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 1 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) has rejected Rwanda's claim for compensation against the United Kingdom, following the annulment of the migration arrangement concluded between the two states in 2022. The aim of this informal agreement was to deport to Rwanda foreign nationals who had arrived on British soil &#8216;irregularly' and whose applications for protection had been declared inadmissible. The UK Supreme Court had ruled that this arrangement was unlawful on the grounds that Rwanda could not be considered a safe country for refugees. In 2024, under the Starmer government, the agreement was finally cancelled and payments suspended. Rwanda then initiated arbitration proceedings in January 2026, claiming &#163;50 million in compensation from the United Kingdom.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This brings to a close a legal dispute that clearly illustrates the commercial logic inherent in border externalisation, which reduces asylum seekers to a bargaining chip, enabling, on the one hand, European countries to rid themselves of people deemed &#8216;undesirable', and, on the other, enabling non-European authoritarian regimes to secure financial inflows and achieve diplomatic rehabilitation as legitimate partners of European countries&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also Migreurop, &#8220;UK&#8211;Rwanda Agreement: Outsourcing Asylum to Africa, a (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Austria&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/71504/austria-limits-refugee-family-reunification-under-new-quota-system&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Austria limits refugee family reunification under new quota&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; system', 21 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Austrian Parliament has passed a new law introducing annual caps on family reunification, the level of which has not yet been set. This law follows a measure suspending family reunification procedures adopted in 2025, justified on the grounds of an alleged &#8216;overburdening' of social services, and adopted by unjustifiably invoking the &#8216;emergency clause' provided for in Article 72 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject InfoMigrants, &#8220;Austria: family reunification suspended (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With the introduction of this quota system, Austria is flouting its obligations regarding reception and protection: the law will result in the separation of families, in breach of the right to family life protected by Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, as well as the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights, which have established that quotas applied to family reunification are unlawful in the absence of an individual assessment of each situation&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Amnesty International Austria, &#8216;Nationalrat adopts quota (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc8&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cyprus&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;CyprusMail, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://cyprus-mail.com/2026/06/08/eu-earmarks-e800m-for-cyprus-to-tackle-immigration&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;EU earmarks &#8364;800m for Cyprus to tackle immigration'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 8 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cyprus will receive 800 million euros from the EU for the period 2028&#8211;2034, earmarked for &#8216;migration management', representing a 70 per cent increase on the 480 million allocated for the period 2021&#8211;2027.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To date, EU funding has been used to build camps, to facilitate forced returns (Cyprus has recorded an unprecedented number of deportations of migrants in recent years), or to step up operations to identify people without the right to remain. At the end of May, three migrant people jumped from a balcony in Larnaca to escape the intensifying raids across the country. One of them died&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Cyprus Mail, &#8220;Migrant dies following balcony jump during (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cyprus has repeatedly been accused of and found guilty of violating the rights of migrants, including refoulement&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Cyprus Mail, &#8216;UNHCR expresses concern over alleged (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Yet the southern part of the island will continue to benefit from the EU's support and cooperation in its migration policies that infringe upon the rights and lives of migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc9&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Greece&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Al Jazeera, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/6/1/greece-reopens-syrian-and-afghan-asylum-cases-hoping-for-returns&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Greece reopens Syrian and Afghan asylum cases, hoping for returns'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 1 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since February, Greece has reopened all asylum cases likely to be rejected. As part of this process, the cases of Syrian and Afghan nationals &#8211; particularly men &#8211; are being subject to almost systematic re-examination, with rejection rates rising sharply. This review appears to reflect a broader political desire to rid the country of Muslim migrants or those from predominantly Muslim countries by deporting them to regimes where serious human rights violations have been documented. The Minister for Migration and Asylum, Athanasios Plevris, has openly embraced this racist shift during a recent parliamentary hearing, stating that Greece prefers to welcome non-Muslim migrant workers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Greece's strategy is part of a wider European climate of growing racism and Islamophobia. Several European countries, led by Germany, are now considering the forced return of Afghan and Syrian nationals, despite the extremely dangerous situation in their countries of origin. The European Union itself hosted a Taliban delegation in Brussels on 23 June, to negotiate the deportations of Afghans&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See below&#034; id=&#034;nh16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , and has renewed its cooperation agreement with Syria &#8211; ending the partial suspension in place since 2011 &#8211; which reflects a desire to speed up the forced returns of Syrian refugees residing throughout Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, on this subject, The New Arab, &#8216;Eyeing migrant returns, EU moves to (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc10&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italy/Albania&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;La Repubblica, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2026/05/11/news palazzo_chigi_centri_albania_migranti_hub_frontiera-425336592/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Palazzo Chigi tries again: &#8216;Migrants picked up at sea to be held in centres in Albania'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#8221;, 11 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Italian government is reportedly working on a new decree under the Italy&#8211;Albania Memorandum of Understanding (2023). The aim is said to be to revert to the original plan to outsource the fast-track processing of asylum applications to the camps in Sh&#235;ngjin and Gjad&#235;r &#8211; under Italian jurisdiction. Those affected are migrants intercepted at sea by the Italian authorities, who come from so-called &#8216;safe' countries and are considered &#8216;non-vulnerable'. According to the government, this change would be made possible by the European Pact on Migration and Asylum, which came into force on 12 June 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The initial project had so far been held up by several court rulings. The court in Rome has repeatedly refused to authorise detention in the camps in Albania, ruling that the countries of origin of the people concerned, such as Bangladesh and Egypt, could not be considered &#8216;safe' under European law&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also &#8220;Rome court does not uphold the detention of migrants in Albania&#8221;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . To prevent these camps from becoming unused, Italy converted them in 2025 into Italian detention and deportation centres (CPRs)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See SkyTG24, &#8216;How migrant centres in Albania work', 9 June 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The entry into force of the Pact could, however, remove these obstacles. The Pact does indeed allow a country to be classified as partially &#8216;safe' and facilitates the use of accelerated procedures for nationals of countries with a low asylum recognition rate (&lt; 20 per cent). Together with the new common European list of &#8216;safe countries of origin', these measures provide Italy with a more solid legal basis for reactivating the Albanian centres&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Fanpage, &#8216;Why, under the new EU regulation, Meloni can reopen the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, doubts remain, particularly regarding Italy's ability to detain asylum seekers undergoing standard procedures on territory outside the EU &#8211; an issue referred to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), which is expected to rule in the coming months&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also Italian Coalition for Freedom and Civil Rights (CILD), &#8220;The (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc11&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sweden&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71931/suede--le-parlement-vote-une-loi-obligeant-les-administrations-publiques-a-denoncer-les-sanspapiers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Sweden: Parliament passes law obliging public authorities to report undocumented migrants'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; migrants', 16 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On Monday 15 June, the Swedish Parliament passed two bills aimed at stepping up the deportation of migrants. The first measure, known as the &#8216;snitch law', obliges six public authorities (employment, pensions, tax, debt, social insurance and the prison service) to report to the police any undocumented migrants with whom their staff come into contact. The second, known as the &#8216;good conduct' law, provides for the deportation of foreign nationals residing in Sweden who do not lead an &#8216;honest life'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These measures establish a state apparatus of control and coercion in Sweden, which will lead to racial profiling, discrimination based on appearance and serious infringements of migrants' rights. The &#8216;snitch law' risks preventing migrantd people from accessing social rights; they may forgo essential services &#8211; including going to hospital or school &#8211; for fear of being denounced. By systematically using government departments and public services as tools for surveillance, it foreshadows the &#8216;return' regulation &#8211; adopted on 17 June by the European Parliament &#8211; which authorises raids in public places and private homes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &#8216;good conduct' law, does not specify the criteria for defining what would constitute &#8216;bad conduct'. Its discretionary nature exposes migrants to the risk of having their residence permits refused or revoked on the basis of behaviour that is neither illegal nor punishable for Swedish citizens. This amounts to the deliberate creation of legal uncertainty and the imposition of conditions on rights, which is dissuasive and contrary to the rule of law. These measures will foster fear and self-censorship amongst migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;]] .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc13&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20260609-attaque-%C3%A0-belfast-les-autorit%C3%A9s-appellent-au-calme-face-au-risque-de-violences-anti-immigr%C3%A9s&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Violent anti-immigration protests in Belfast following an attack attributed to a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; refugee'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 9 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20260613-%C3%A0-belfast-un-vaste-rassemblement-contre-le-racisme-apr%C3%A8s-des-%C3%A9meutes-anti-immigr%C3%A9s&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Mass rally against racism in Belfast following anti-immigrant&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; riots&#8221;, 13 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 9 June, anti-immigrant demonstrations took place in Belfast (Northern Ireland) in the wake of a knife attack attributed to a Sudanese national, footage of which was shared on social media. Neo-fascist groups set fire to cars and homes, most of which belonged to migrant people. A few days later, a large anti-racist demonstration was organised to condemn this wave of racist violence.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This incident illustrates a well-known pattern in several European countries and beyond: an offence or crime committed by a foreign national is exploited to target entire communities of migrants and to legitimise violent attacks and racially motivated intimidation against them. This dynamic is part of a context of a sharp rise in racism and the far right in the United Kingdom &#8211; visible both on social media and in public spaces (murals inciting racial hatred, anti-migrant rallies, etc.)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, the International Federation for Human Rights, &#8216;Northern (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#8211; which threatens the lives and safety of migrant people and non-white people.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/72119/au-royaumeuni-le-gouvernement-veut-etendre-laccueil-parraine-des-refugies&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;In the UK, the government wants to expand the sponsored refugee scheme'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; scheme', 30 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 30 June, the UK Home Secretary, Shabana Mahmood, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mahmood-myreforms-will-save-the-asylum-system-for-a-generation&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;announced&lt;/a&gt; the introduction of a refugee sponsorship scheme, which will come into force in autumn 2027. In practice, universities, businesses and other organisations will now be able to sponsor a person recognised as a refugee under Article 1 of the&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/fr/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-relating-status-refugees&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;1951 Geneva Convention&lt;/a&gt;, enabling them to settle legally in the UK. The organisations responsible for this sponsorship will be in charge of providing accommodation, facilitating integration and assisting with the selected individuals' entry into the labour market. The number of potential beneficiaries has not yet been specified, and applications will remain subject to strict government scrutiny.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This announcement comes against a backdrop of a general tightening of UK asylum policy. Sponsorship schemes are, in fact, frequently used by governments to project an image of selective generosity towards &#8216;genuine refugees' (Mahmood uses the term &lt;i&gt;&#8216;genuine &lt;/i&gt;refugees'), whilst diverting attention from deterrence policies that remain unchanged, or that are strengthened. Sponsorship schemes thus become instruments of a policy of selection, enabling states to set quotas for people entering their territory and to select certain categories of refugees based on their level of qualifications or their religion (church-sponsored schemes spring to mind)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Nikolas Feith Tan, &#8216;Community Sponsorship of Refugees (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Furthermore, the state shrinks its responsibilities regarding protection and asylum by transferring a legal obligation to the private sector. Beyond the individual benefits that selected people may enjoy, this scheme, which is part of a highly repressive UK policy towards migrants, risks distorting the spirit of the right to asylum, which could then be reduced to &#8216;a neoliberal, privatised immigration scheme, reserved solely for highly skilled and educated migrants, or for certain ethnic or religious groups'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid., p. 258.&#034; id=&#034;nh24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc14&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom/France&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/06/23/migration-un-premier-pas-vers-une-europeanisation-de-la-gestion-des-traversees-de-la-manche_6708581_3210.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=2&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Migration: a first step towards the Europeanisation of the management of Channel crossings&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#8221;, 23 June &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &#8216;One in, one out' agreement (2025) between France and the United Kingdom will not be renewed after October 2026. It will be replaced by a &lt;a href=&#034;https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/ee521a9c-effe-494f-ae61-65ffcf778e46_en?filename=EU%20Action%20Plan%20for%20the%20Channel%20route.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;European Commission action plan&lt;/a&gt; for the Channel migration route, drawn up in partnership with the United Kingdom and published on June 16.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &#8216;One in, one out' agreement currently stipulates that, for every asylum seeker the United Kingdom undertakes to admit through &#8216;legal channels', France agrees in return to readmit to its territory one person who has arrived in the United Kingdom so-called irregularly&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject the short documentary by MSF Frontlines, &#8216;One in, one (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The new action plan sets out a repressive approach centred on three pillars: strengthening diplomatic cooperation with countries of origin and transit to facilitate deportations; the &#8216;fight against people-smugglers' (which raises fears of increased criminalisation of migrants and solidarity organisations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;On this point, see PICUM, &#8216;Migrant smuggling: why we need a paradigm shift', (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ); and increasing the resources allocated to law enforcement and border control. Unsurprisingly, the text refers to the need to curb &#8216;illegal' migration in order to deter people from undertaking dangerous journeys. This is a rhetorical ploy that obscures the fact that it is precisely the sealing off of borders that drives many people to continue undertaking these dangerous journeys.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc15&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_11&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Switzerland&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euractiv.com/news/swiss-reject-divisive-anti-immigration-proposal-projections/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Swiss reject divisive anti-immigration proposal&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 14 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 14 June, 54 per cent of Swiss voters rejected the anti-immigration initiative &#8216;No to a Switzerland with 10 million!'. This initiative was put forward by the far-right SVP party and identified asylum seekers as the cause of thepopulation growth that, according to SVP, is jeopardising the country's &#8216;sustainability'. The text called for the permanent resident population to be kept below the ten-million mark by 2050, through repressive migration measures that contravened the country's obligations regarding reception and protection. Once the population reached 9.5 million, asylum seekers granted temporary leave would no longer have any prospect of remaining in the country. Should the population exceed 10 million, international agreements accused of encouraging population growth would have to be renegotiated or even withdrawn. The application of texts such as the Global Compact for Migration, the European Convention on Human Rights, the Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the European Agreement on the Free Movement of Persons would be threatened&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Amnesty International, &#8216;The &#8220;No Switzerland at 10 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The initiative failed thanks to strong opposition from employers' organisations and trade unions, which feared severe repercussions for employment and growth. Although many of the arguments in favour of a &#8216;no' vote were economic in nature, the rejection of the initiative remains a significant victory and a setback for the far right's vision of society. A vision that would have exposed migrants to a real risk of being turned back at the borders and of asylum procedures being suspended, and which would have led &#8211; through the possibility of renouncing international human rights agreements &#8211; to a general weakening of these protections for everyone, not just for migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc17&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_12&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chisinau Declaration&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euractiv.com/news/european-countries-urge-rethink-of-human-rights-on-migration/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;European countries urge rethink of human rights on migration&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 15 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 15 May 2026, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe adopted a &lt;a href=&#034;https://rm.coe.int/pdf/09125948802bc2cc&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;declaration&lt;/a&gt; in Chisinau (Moldova) proposing a restrictive interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in order to facilitate the deportation of migrants who have not been granted the right of residence or who have committed serious offences. The declaration proposes a reinterpretation of Article 8 (the right to respect for private and family life) to &#8216;rebalance' the individual rights of migrants against &#8216;the public interest and public security'. It also proposes narrowing the scope of Article 3 (prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment), so that insufficient access to healthcare or precarious socio-economic conditions in the country of deportation cannot constitute inhuman or degrading treatment that would prevent forced return. It should be noted, however, that Article 3 admits of no exceptions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Council of Europe has thus acted on the &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-to-the-conference-of-ministers-of-justice-of-the-council-of-europe&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;declaration&lt;/a&gt; issued in December 2025 by 27 member states calling for a more restrictive interpretation of the ECHR with regard to forced returns. Whilst the Chisinau Declaration remains non-binding in legal terms, it constitutes a worrying political development which will contribute &#8211; alongside recent European legislation (&#8216;safe' countries of origin, &#8216;safe' third countries, the &#8216;Return' Regulation) -to entrench in the collective imagination the need to systematise dangerous deportations, in the name of so-called security imperatives. It also constitutes political interference in the interpretation of the ECHR, illustrating a European trend towards challenging the legitimacy of the judiciary&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Jo&#235;l Andriantsimbazovina, &#8216;Political pressure on the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , which has been accused by several right-wing and far-right governments of favouring progressive positions on migration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_13&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entry into force of the Migration and Asylum Pact&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mediapart, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/120626/pacte-sur-la-migration-et-l-asile-pour-l-union-europeenne-le-jour-de-la-honte&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Migration and Asylum Pact: a day of shame for the European Union&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 12 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 12 June, the European Pact on Migration and Asylum came into force. It constitutes a comprehensive reform of European policy in this area, introducing far-reaching changes at the EU's borders. It establishes new screening procedures for anyone arriving at the EU's external borders. Following this screening, some people may be subject to accelerated border asylum procedures, leading to deportation if their application is rejected. Throughout all these stages, people are deprived of their liberty, likely in isolated locations that are difficult for lawyers, doctors, journalists and civil society organisations to access. They are also kept in a legal &#8216;fiction of non-entry': whilst physically present on European soil, they are legally considered not to have entered. This enables states to deport them more easily, paving the way for lower standards of fundamental rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Deprivation of liberty is therefore becoming the norm, and access to asylum &#8211; as well as to an effective remedy &#8211; is drastically restricted. Indeed, more people will be subject to accelerated procedures, on the assumption that they do notrequire protection: those from countries where the asylum recognition rate in the EU is below 20 per cent, those from so-called &#8216;safe' countries of origin, and those suspected of posing a &#8216;threat to public order', a vague and undefined concept. Furthermore, if individuals subject to a deportation order appeal against that decision, their appeal will not have suspensive effect, and the Pact authorises deportation even before a final decision has been taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In short, this Pact institutionalises, at a European level, the detention, registration, screening and expulsion of migrants at Europe's borders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc18&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_14&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final adoption of the &#8216;return' regulation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;RFI, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/en-bref/20260617-migration-le-parlement-europ%C3%A9en-adopte-la-r%C3%A9forme-pr%C3%A9voyant-des-hubs-de-retour&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Migration: the European Parliament adopts reform providing for &#8220;return hubs&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; hubs&#8221;', 17 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/video/2026/06/17/renvoyez-les-scandent-des-elus-d-extreme-droite-au-parlement-europeen_6704287_823448.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=7&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&#8216;Send them back!' chant far-right MEPs in the European Parliament&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 17 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 17 June, the European Parliament gave final approval to the &#8216;return' regulation, amidst applause and racist chants from right-wing and far-right MEPs in the chamber, who shouted &#8220;Send them back!&#8221;. The text provides for a massive detention system (lasting up to two years, with the possibility of indefinite extension in the event of a threat to public security), the conversion of third countries into &#8216;return hubs', to which migrants may be deported even if they have no connection to those countries&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;A coalition of five Member States has already begun negotiations with third (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , as well as &#8216;investigative' measures authorising raids on homes and in public spaces, the seizure of electronic devices and the obligation to provide biometric data to the authorities.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The proposed measures cross a red line by establishing a regime of widespread surveillance within the EU: migrants without the right to reside will be subjected to a veritable manhunt and deported to countries known to be unsafe (European governments are currently considering deportations to Rwanda, Uganda, Libya, Egypt&#8230;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Human Rights Watch, &#8216;Dangerous EU Momentum Towards Offshore Deportation (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh30&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ). This regulation institutionalises the violation of fundamental rights and international law: it will lead to breaches of the principle of non-refoulement, flout the right to private and family life, and expose migrantd people to inhuman and degrading treatment&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb31&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further reading, see in particular Migreurop, &#8216;Adoption of the EU (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh31&#034;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc20&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_15&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A Taliban delegation in Brussels&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/72051/rencontre-inedite-entre-lue-et-des-responsables-talibans-pour-discuter-du-renvoi-des-afghans-vers-leur-pays-dorigine&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Unprecedented meeting between the EU and Taliban officials to discuss the return of Afghans to their country of origin&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 24 June 2026 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.com/fr/news/les-talibans-profitent-de-leur-visite-a-bruxelles-pour-demander-un-acces-consulaire-en-europe/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;The Taliban use their visit to Brussels to request consular access in&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; Europe&#8221;, 23 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 23 June, members of the European Commission met with a Taliban delegation to continue negotiations on the forced return of Afghan nationals without the right to reside in the EU. In exchange for their cooperation with these deportations, the Taliban requested the restoration of consular services for Afghans across Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Once again, the EU's anti-immigration obsession is leading to the normalisation of relations with a repressive regime, with the aim of deporting people at any cost&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb32&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Agreements with Libya or Turkey are further examples.&#034; id=&#034;nh32&#034;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . As the restoration of consular services is a fundamental condition set by the Taliban, the end result of these negotiations risks being a de facto legitimisation of the Afghan regime, which has established gender apartheid&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb33&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further information, see Human Rights Watch, &#8216;Gender Apartheid as an (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh33&#034;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; and is responsible for the systematic violation of human rights in Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb34&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also Amnesty International, &#8216;Afghanistan: the human rights situation in (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh34&#034;&gt;34&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . By normalising its relations with the Taliban, the European Union is eroding its own standards on fundamental rights, pushing the boundaries of what is considered &#8216;acceptable' ever further. If these negotiations are successful, the Afghan nationals concerned risk being deported to face torture and death.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6098 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;28&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/press_review_may_and_june_2026.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 552.7 KiB' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/visuel_rp_3_-2-16116.png?1783662833' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Press Review May/June 2026
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the EuroMed Rights factsheet on this subject, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/egypt-infosheet-fr.pdf&#034;&gt;&#8216;Safe on paper, dangerous in reality: Egypt and the EU's return&lt;/a&gt; policy', June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See OHCHR, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2026/03/egypt-un-experts-raise-alarm-over-violations-against-refugees-and-migrants&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Egypt: UN experts raise alarm over violations against refugees and&lt;/a&gt; migrants&#8221;, 6 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;14 people, including E Hishri, are currently the subject of international arrest warrants in connection with this investigation. Some of them have died, whilst others are on the run.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, Amnesty International, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2017/12/libya-european-governments-complicit-in-horrific-abuse-of-refugees-and-migrants/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Libya: European governments are complicit in human rights violations against refugees and&lt;/a&gt; migrants&#8221;, 12 December 2017&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For further information, see the press release from Refugees in Libya, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.refugeesinlibya.org/post/civil-society-statement-detention-crimes-in-libya-finally-before-the-icc-judges-to-decide-whether&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Civil society statement: Detention crimes in Libya finally before the ICC: Judges to decide whether El Hishri case moves to&lt;/a&gt; trial&#8221;, 11 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;This refusal to cooperate with the Court has led to two complaints being lodged against Italy with the European Court of Human Rights. See, on this subject, InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71639/litalie-visee-par-deux-plaintes-aupres-de-la-cedh-pour-avoir-libere-le-tortionnaire-de-migrants-libyen-osama-almasri-najim&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Italy facing two complaints with the ECHR for releasing the Libyan migrant torturer Osama Almasri&lt;/a&gt; Najim&#8221;, 1 June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Almasri was recently sentenced by a court in Tripoli to 7 years and 4 months' imprisonment, whilst still being the subject of an arrest warrant issued by the ICC. Libya, which is not a signatory to the Rome Statute (the founding treaty of the ICC), is not obliged to hand him over to the Court. See in this regard Il Post, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/06/21/almasri-condannato-libia-tortura-migranti/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;General Almasri has been sentenced in Libya to 7 years and 4 months for acts of violence against&lt;/a&gt; migrants&#8221;, 21 June 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, on this subject, the information on Libya on Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3565.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;&#8220;The Maghreb states and the European Union are guilty of systematic violations of international law and crimes against&lt;/a&gt; humanity&#8221;, 7 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also Refugees in Libya, &lt;a href=&#034;file:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/Book%20of%20Shame%202025%20Vol.%20I.%20.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034;&gt;&#8220;Book of Shame. How UNHCR Fails to Protect Refugees in Libya, Tunisia, and&lt;/a&gt; Niger&#8221;, 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/fiche_pays_ceuta_0624_ok_def.pdf&#034;&gt;&#8220;CEUTA&lt;/a&gt; Factsheet&#8221;, Isaline Roverato, 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/cp_migreurop_rwanda_jun_22_-_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;&#8220;UK&#8211;Rwanda Agreement: Outsourcing Asylum to Africa, a Massive Deterrent in&lt;/a&gt; Europe&#8221;, 20 June 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68792/autriche--le-regroupement-familial-suspendu-pour-six-mois-supplementaires&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Austria: family reunification suspended for a further six&lt;/a&gt; months&#8221;, 12 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Amnesty International Austria, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.at/presse/nationalrat-beschliesst-quotensystem-bei-familienzusammenfuehrung-amnesty-warnt-vor-verstoss-gegen-menschenrechte/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Nationalrat adopts quota system for family reunification: Amnesty warns of human rights&lt;/a&gt; violations', 19 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Cyprus Mail, &lt;a href=&#034;https://cyprus-mail.com/2026/05/27/migrant-dies-following-balcony-jump-during-immigration-raid&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Migrant dies following balcony jump during immigration&lt;/a&gt; raid&#8221;, 27 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Cyprus Mail, &lt;a href=&#034;https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/03/19/unhcr-expresses-concern-over-alleged-pushback-of-syrian-refugees&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;UNHCR expresses concern over alleged pushback of Syrian&lt;/a&gt; refugees', 19 March 2025 and InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/bn/post/60432/chypre-condamnee-par-la-cedh-pour-le-refoulement-en-mer-de-deux-syriens&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Cyprus condemned by the ECHR for pushing back two Syrians at&lt;/a&gt; sea', 9 October 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See below&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, on this subject, The New Arab, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.newarab.com/news/eyeing-migrant-returns-eu-moves-bolster-syria-ties&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Eyeing migrant returns, EU moves to bolster Syria&lt;/a&gt; ties', 12 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.internazionale.it/notizie/annalisa-camilli/2024/10/18/tribunale-di-roma-migranti-albania&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Rome court does not uphold the detention of migrants in&lt;/a&gt; Albania&#8221;, 18 October 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See SkyTG24, &lt;a href=&#034;https://tg24.sky.it/cronaca/2025/06/09/centri-migranti-albania-come-funzionano-costi&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;How migrant centres in Albania&lt;/a&gt; work', 9 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Fanpage, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.fanpage.it/politica/perche-con-il-nuovo-regolamento-ue-il-governo-meloni-puo-sbloccare-i-centri-in-albania/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Why, under the new EU regulation, Meloni can reopen the centres in&lt;/a&gt; Albania', 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also Italian Coalition for Freedom and Civil Rights (CILD), &lt;a href=&#034;https://cild.eu/blog/2025/12/10/il-protocollo-italia-albania-alla-corte-di-giustizia-ue/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;The Italy-Albania Protocol before the Court of Justice of the&lt;/a&gt; EU&#8221;, 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, the International Federation for Human Rights, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.fidh.org/fr/regions/europe-asie-centrale/irlande/irlande-du-nord-les-violences-et-intimidations-racistes-doivent&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Northern Ireland: racist violence and intimidation must&lt;/a&gt; stop', 11 June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Nikolas Feith Tan, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/0ECC0E27C5A586A214BB3D846CCA9788/9781316517840c10_252-271.pdf/community-sponsorship-of-refugees-and-local-governance.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Community Sponsorship of Refugees and Local&lt;/a&gt; Governance', in &lt;i&gt;Theorising Local Migration Law and Governance&lt;/i&gt;, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2022, pp. 252&#8211;271&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid., p. 258.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject the short documentary by MSF Frontlines, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KqOv3ssnHc&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;One in, one out: thousands of lives at&lt;/a&gt; risk', 21 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;On this point, see PICUM, &lt;a href=&#034;https://picum.org/blog/migrant-smuggling-why-we-need-a-paradigm-shift/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Migrant smuggling: why we need a paradigm&lt;/a&gt; shift', 18 July 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Amnesty International, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.ch/fr/pays/suisse/pas-de-suisse-a-10-millions&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;The &#8220;No Switzerland at 10 million&#8221; initiative: a frontal attack on the protection of human&lt;/a&gt; rights', 7 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Jo&#235;l Andriantsimbazovina, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.leclubdesjuristes.com/international/pressions-politiques-sur-la-cour-europeenne-des-droits-de-lhomme-11031/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Political pressure on the European Court of Human&lt;/a&gt; Rights', Le Club des Juristes, 12 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;A coalition of five Member States has already begun negotiations with third countries with a view to establishing &lt;i&gt;return hubs&lt;/i&gt;. See Euractiv, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euractiv.com/news/eu-return-hub-backers-eye-partner-countries-reveal-by-autumn-says-dutch-minister/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;EU return hubs to be revealed by autumn, says Dutch&lt;/a&gt; minister&#8221;, 5 June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb30&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 30&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Human Rights Watch, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/06/26/dangerous-eu-momentum-towards-offshore-deportation-centers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Dangerous EU Momentum Towards Offshore Deportation&lt;/a&gt; Centres', 26 June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb31&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh31&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 31&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For further reading, see in particular Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3560.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;&#8216;Adoption of the EU &#8220;Return&#8221; Regulation: the death knell for international&lt;/a&gt; law', 26 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb32&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh32&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 32&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Agreements with Libya or Turkey are further examples.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb33&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh33&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 33&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For further information, see Human Rights Watch, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/09/02/gender-apartheid-as-an-international-crime&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Gender Apartheid as an International Crime: Taliban Oppression in Afghanistan Triggers&lt;/a&gt; Campaign', 2 September 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb34&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh34&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 34&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;34&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also Amnesty International, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/location/asia-and-the-pacific/south-asia/afghanistan/report-afghanistan/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Afghanistan: the human rights situation in 2025', 2026&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Revue de presse mai/juin 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3599.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3599.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-07-09T16:27:48Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Egypte</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Libye</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Maroc</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Rwanda</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Autriche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Chypre</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Manche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Gr&#232;ce</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Albanie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Afghanistan</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Suisse</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Enfermement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation des fronti&#232;res</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Politiques migratoires</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pays s&#251;rs</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Renvois forc&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Surveillance et contr&#244;le</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;&#201;gypte/UE EuroNews, &#171; EU pays Egypt billions to manage migration &#8212; Cairo says it is not enough &#187;, le 21 mai 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Face &#224; la crise de l'accueil &#224; laquelle l'&#201;gypte est actuellement confront&#233;e, le Caire presse l'UE d'augmenter ses financements en mati&#232;re de &#171; gestion des migrations &#187;.Le r&#233;gime juge &#171; insuffisante &#187; l'enveloppe de 200 millions d'euros d&#233;di&#233;e dont le pays b&#233;n&#233;ficie actuellement, pour la p&#233;riode 2024-2027. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Depuis presque 30 ans partenaire cl&#233; de l'Union en mati&#232;re (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Revues de presse&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot193.html" rel="tag"&gt;Egypte&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot39.html" rel="tag"&gt;Libye&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot184.html" rel="tag"&gt;Maroc&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot201.html" rel="tag"&gt;Rwanda&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot207.html" rel="tag"&gt;Autriche&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot45.html" rel="tag"&gt;Chypre&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot213.html" rel="tag"&gt;Manche&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;Italie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot182.html" rel="tag"&gt;Albanie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot55.html" rel="tag"&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot21.html" rel="tag"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot189.html" rel="tag"&gt;Afghanistan&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot34.html" rel="tag"&gt;Suisse&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Enfermement&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation des fronti&#232;res&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot204.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Politiques migratoires&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot214.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pays s&#251;rs&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Renvois forc&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Surveillance et contr&#244;le&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/visuel_rp-3-68eca.png?1783614546' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;&#201;gypte/UE&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;&#201;gypte/UE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libye&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Libye&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Maroc&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Maroc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Rwanda/Royaume-Uni&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Rwanda/Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Autriche&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Autriche&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Chypre&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Chypre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Gr&#232;ce&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italie/Albanie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Italie/Albanie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Su&#232;de&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni/France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;Royaume-Uni/France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Suisse&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_11'&gt;Suisse&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;D&#233;claration de Chisinau&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_12'&gt;D&#233;claration de Chisinau&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Entr&#233;e en application du Pacte migration et asile&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_13'&gt;Entr&#233;e en application du (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Adoption d&#233;finitive du r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_14'&gt;Adoption d&#233;finitive du r&#232;gleme&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Une d&#233;l&#233;gation de Talibans &#224; Bruxelles&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_15'&gt;Une d&#233;l&#233;gation de Talibans (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&#201;gypte/UE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;EuroNews, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euronews.com/2026/05/21/eu-pays-egypt-billions-to-manage-migration-cairo-says-it-is-not-enough&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;EU pays Egypt billions to manage migration &#8212; Cairo says it is not enough&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 21 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Face &#224; la crise de l'accueil &#224; laquelle l'&#201;gypte est actuellement confront&#233;e, le Caire presse l'UE d'augmenter ses financements en mati&#232;re de &#171; gestion des migrations &#187;.Le r&#233;gime juge &#171; insuffisante &#187; l'enveloppe de 200 millions d'euros d&#233;di&#233;e dont le pays b&#233;n&#233;ficie actuellement, pour la p&#233;riode 2024-2027.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis presque 30 ans partenaire cl&#233; de l'Union en mati&#232;re d'externalisation des fronti&#232;res &#8211; pilier de la politique migratoire europ&#233;enne &#8211;, l'&#201;gypte dispose d'un levier de n&#233;gociation consid&#233;rable. Il ne serait d&#232;s lors pas surprenant que les financements europ&#233;ens soient effectivement revus &#224; la hausse, dans une p&#233;riode historique o&#249; les entraves &#224; la mobilit&#233; sont devenues une priorit&#233; absolue pour l'UE.Ce, en d&#233;pit des violations syst&#233;matiques des droits des personnes migrantes dans le pays : les exil&#233;&#183;es en &#201;gypte sont d&#233;tenu&#183;es arbitrairement dans des conditions inhumaines et d&#233;gradantes, et les refoulements continuent d'augmenter&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet la fiche d'information d'EuroMed Droits, &#171; S&#251;r sur le (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En mars 2026, des expert&#183;es ind&#233;pendant&#183;es mandat&#233;&#183;es par le Conseil des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU ont par ailleurs alert&#233; sur une intensification des expulsions et des violations des droits fondamentaux visant les personnes exil&#233;es sur le territoire &#233;gyptien, en particulier les ressortissant&#183;es soudanais&#183;es et syrien&#183;nes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir HCDH, &#171; Egypt : UN experts raise alarm over violations against refugees (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Libye&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20260519-libye-ange-de-la-mort-ancien-directeur-prison-libyen-cpi-khaled-el-hishri&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;L'ange de la mort' : un ancien directeur de prison libyen devant la CPI&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 19 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Du 19 au 21 mai, comparaissait devant la Cour p&#233;nale internationale (CPI), en audience pr&#233;liminaire, Khaled Mohamed Ali El Hishri, membre libyen de la milice des forces sp&#233;ciales de dissuasion et haut responsable de la prison de Mitiga &#224; Tripoli, o&#249; il aurait directement commis, ordonn&#233; et facilit&#233; de multiples crimes entre 2014 et 2020 (crimes de guerre, crimes contre l'humanit&#233;, tortures, viols, meurtres, et autres pers&#233;cutions). Ses victimes auraient &#233;t&#233; cibl&#233;es en fonction de leur genre, de leur origine ethnique, de leur orientation sexuelle et de leur statut migratoire. El Hishri est le premier suspect &#224; compara&#238;tre devant la CPI pour des atrocit&#233;s commises en Libye contre les personnes exil&#233;es,dans le cadre de l'enqu&#234;te men&#233;e depuis 2011 par la Cour, sous mandat de l'ONU&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;14 personnes, dont E Hishri,font actuellement l'objet de mandats (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Apr&#232;s des d&#233;cennies d'impunit&#233;, l'ouverture de ces audiences constitue une avanc&#233;e importante pour les victimes du syst&#232;me de d&#233;tention libyen, aliment&#233; et soutenu par l'Europe &#224; travers ses politiques d'externalisation des fronti&#232;res. La coop&#233;ration de l'UE et de ses &#201;tats membres (notamment l'Italie) avec la Libye repose sur trois piliers : le soutien technique et l'assistance apport&#233;s au &#171; d&#233;partement libyen de lutte contre l'immigration ill&#233;gale &#187; (DCIM) - qui g&#232;re les camps et les prisons o&#249; les personnes migrantes subissent de graves violations des droits humains - ; la formation et l'&#233;quipement des garde-c&#244;tes libyens afin d'intercepter les personnes en mer et de les refouler vers la Libye ; la conclusion d'accords avec les autorit&#233;s locales libyennes et les groupes arm&#233;s en vue de renforcer les contr&#244;les des fronti&#232;res dans le sud du pays&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Amnesty International, &#171; Libye. Les gouvernements europ&#233;ens (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En poursuivant et en renfor&#231;ant ses relations avec la Libye en mati&#232;re de migrations, l'UE se rend complice des crimes aujourd'hui examin&#233;s par la CPI, ainsi que de l'impunit&#233; dont continuent de b&#233;n&#233;ficier plusieurs de leurs auteurs&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour en savoir plus, voir le communiqu&#233; de Refugees in Libya, &#171; Civil (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.Le cas de Najim Isama Almasri illustre bien cette complicit&#233; de longue date. Ancien chef de la police judiciaire libyenne et complice d'El Hishri dans la gestion de Mitiga, il fait lui aussi l'objet d'un mandat d'arr&#234;t international de la CPI.Lorsqu'il se trouvait sur le territoire italien d&#233;but 2025, Rome l'a renvoy&#233; en Libye &#224; bord d'un vol d'&#201;tat, sans le remettre &#224; la Cour&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ce refus de coop&#233;rer avec la Cour a valu &#224; l'Italie deux plaintes devant la (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Almasri a r&#233;cemment &#233;t&#233; condamn&#233; par un tribunal de Tripoli &#224; 7 ans et 4 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71751/jai-peur-je-ne-sors-plus-de-chez-moi--en-libye-les-noirs-se-terrent-terrifies-par-la-chasse-aux-migrants-qui-sevit-dans-le-pays&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;'J'ai peur, je ne sors plus de chez moi' : en Libye, les Noirs se terrent, terrifi&#233;s par 'la chasse aux migrants' qui s&#233;vit dans le pays&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 5 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis d&#233;but juin, les Africain&#183;es d'origine subsaharienne en Libye sont la cible d'une chasse aux migrant&#183;es men&#233;e &#224; la fois par des citoyen&#183;nes hostiles, par les forces de police et par des milices locales. Beaucoup se cachent et n'osent plus sortir de chez eux de peur d'&#234;tre attaqu&#233;&#183;es. Cette vague de violences fait suite &#224; des manifestations anti-immigration devant les locaux du Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r&#233;fugi&#233;s (HCR) &#224; Tripoli, d&#233;clench&#233;es par de fausses informations diffus&#233;es sur les r&#233;seaux sociauxsur l'existence d'un programme imaginaire de r&#233;installation de r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es en Libye. Les manifestant&#183;es r&#233;clamaient le d&#233;part du HCR de Libye et la cessation des activit&#233;s des services d'aide aux r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es. Le HCR s'est dit inquiet des discours de haine des manifestant&#183;es, et a indiqu&#233; travailler en coop&#233;ration avec les autorit&#233;s libyennespour trouver des solutions aux personnes qui ont fui les conflits.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pourtant, ces m&#234;mes autorit&#233;s ont men&#233;, dans le cadre de cette escalade de violence, des rafles massives dans les quartiers o&#249; vivent les personnes exil&#233;es. Il convient par ailleurs de pr&#233;ciser que les rafles et les arrestations arbitraires de personnes migrantes par les autorit&#233;s libyennes sont delongue daterecens&#233;es en Libye. Les personnes concern&#233;&#183;es sont d&#233;tenu&#183;es dans des conditions inhumaines et soumis&#183;es &#224; la torture. Les faits de violences physiques, psychologiques et sexuelles ainsi que l'abandon &#224; la mort dans le d&#233;sert ont &#233;t&#233; &#233;galement largement document&#233;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet les informations relatives &#224; la Libye sur Migreurop, &#171; Les (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le HCR, dont le mandat est de prot&#233;ger les r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es en Libye, semble en r&#233;alit&#233; servir de &#171; caution humanitaire &#187; pour permettre aux &#201;tats europ&#233;ens de poursuivreleur coop&#233;ration avec un &#201;tat failli, o&#249; les droits sont syst&#233;matiquement bafou&#233;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Refugees in Libya, &#171; Book of Shame. How UNHCR Fails to (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Maroc&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71287/on-te-traite-comme-du-betail--des-migrants-arretes-au-maroc-sur-la-route-de-melilla-racontent-leur-calvaire&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;'On te traite comme du b&#233;tail' : des migrants arr&#234;t&#233;s au Maroc sur la route de Melilla racontent leur calvaire&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 8 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fin avril, sept personnes de nationalit&#233; mauritanienne ont tent&#233; de franchir la seule fronti&#232;re terrestre entre le Maroc et l'enclave de Melilla, sous contr&#244;le espagnol. Arr&#234;t&#233;es par la police, elles ont &#233;t&#233; soumises &#224; des traitements d&#233;gradants (dont passages &#224; tabac et vol de leurs effets personnels) avant d'&#234;tre refoul&#233;es &#224; la fronti&#232;re maroco-alg&#233;rienne.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce type de violence est une r&#233;alit&#233; quotidienne pour les personnes qui tentent de rejoindre les territoires de Ceuta et Melilla, situ&#233;es sur le continent africain mais sous contr&#244;le europ&#233;en. La fronti&#232;re entre le territoire marocain et ces enclaves est hautement militaris&#233;e : au fil des ann&#233;es, de hautes barri&#232;res ont &#233;t&#233; &#233;rig&#233;es et un dispositif dense de radars, cam&#233;ras thermiques et infrarouges a &#233;t&#233; d&#233;ploy&#233; tout au long de la ligne frontali&#232;re, dans le but d'emp&#234;cher toute arriv&#233;e sur le sol europ&#233;en. Les refoulements y sont syst&#233;matiques et s'accompagnent souvent de violences physiques et de vols, perp&#233;tr&#233;s tant par les forces marocaines que par les forces espagnoles, dont la collaboration en mati&#232;re de migrations remonte &#224; 1992 (accord sur la circulation des personnes, du transit et de la r&#233;admission des &#233;trangers entr&#233;s ill&#233;galement). Cette coop&#233;ration s'est depuis consolid&#233;e par une s&#233;rie d'accords d'externalisation (entre l'Espagne et le Maroc, mais aussi entre l'UE et le Maroc), qui ont fait de ce pays une v&#233;ritable &#171; zone de blocage &#187; des migrations. Les violations syst&#233;matiques des droits humains &#224; Ceuta et Melilla sont embl&#233;matiques du processus de construction d'une Europe verrouill&#233;e, et se poursuivent en toute impunit&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; Fiche CEUTA &#187;, Isaline Roverato, 2024&#034; id=&#034;nh10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rwanda/Royaume-Uni&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy526klrk20o&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;UK wins court case over collapsed Rwanda asylum deal&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, le 1er juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Cour permanente d'arbitrage (CPA) a rejet&#233; la demande d'indemnisation pr&#233;sent&#233;e par le Rwanda &#224; l'encontre du Royaume-Uni, dans le cadre de l'annulation de l'arrangement migratoire conclu entre les deux &#201;tats en 2022. L'objectif de cet accord informel &#233;tait d'expulser vers le Rwanda les personnes &#233;trang&#232;res arriv&#233;es sur le territoire britannique de mani&#232;re dite &#171; irr&#233;guli&#232;re &#187;, dontla demande de protection avait &#233;t&#233; d&#233;clar&#233;e irrecevable. La Cour supr&#234;me britannique avait d&#233;clar&#233; cet arrangement ill&#233;gal du fait que le Rwanda ne pouvait &#234;tre consid&#233;r&#233; comme un pays s&#251;r pour les exil&#233;&#183;es. En 2024, sous le gouvernement Starmer, l'accord avait finalement &#233;t&#233; annul&#233; et les paiements suspendus. Le Rwanda avait alors engag&#233; une proc&#233;dure d'arbitrage en janvier 2026, r&#233;clamant au Royaume-Uni une indemnisation de 50 millions de livres sterling.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se cl&#244;t ainsi un contentieux qui illustre bien la logique marchande propre &#224; l'externalisation, qui r&#233;duit les exil&#233;&#183;es &#224; une monnaie d'&#233;change permettant d'un c&#244;t&#233; aux pays europ&#233;ens de se d&#233;barrasser des personnes consid&#233;r&#233;es &#171; ind&#233;sirables &#187;, et de l'autre aux r&#233;gimes autoritaires non europ&#233;ens de s'assurer des rentr&#233;es financi&#232;res et d'obtenir une r&#233;habilitation diplomatique en tant que partenaires l&#233;gitimes aupr&#232;s des pays europ&#233;ens&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens Migreurop, &#171; Arrangement Royaume-Uni/Rwanda : externaliser (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Autriche&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/71504/austria-limits-refugee-family-reunification-under-new-quota-system&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;fr&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Austria limits refugee family reunification under new quota system&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 21 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Parlement autrichien a adopt&#233; une nouvelle loi instaurant des plafonds annuels pour le regroupement familial, dont le niveau n'a pas encore &#233;t&#233; fix&#233;. Cette loi fait suite &#224; une mesure de suspension des proc&#233;dures de regroupement familial adopt&#233;e en 2025, motiv&#233;e par une pr&#233;tendue &#171; surcharge &#187; des services sociaux, et adopt&#233;e en invoquant de mani&#232;re injustifi&#233;e la &#171; clause d'urgence &#187; pr&#233;vue &#224; l'article 72 du Trait&#233; sur le fonctionnement de l'Union europ&#233;enne&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; Autriche : le regroupement familial suspendu (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Avec l'introduction de ce syst&#232;me de quotas, l'Autriche bafoue ses obligations en mati&#232;re d'accueil et de protection : la loi entra&#238;nera une s&#233;paration des familles, en violation du droit &#224; la vie familiale prot&#233;g&#233; par l'article 8 de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, ainsi que de la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l'UE et de la Cour europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, qui ont &#233;tabli l'irr&#233;gularit&#233; de quotasappliqu&#233;s au regroupement familial en l'absence d'examen individuel de chaque situation&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Amnesty International Austriche, &#171; Nationalrat beschlie&#223;t (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc8&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chypre&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;CyprusMail, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://cyprus-mail.com/2026/06/08/eu-earmarks-e800m-for-cyprus-to-tackle-immigration&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;EU earmarks &#8364;800m for Cyprus to tackle immigration&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 8 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chypre recevra 800 millions d'euros de l'UE pour la p&#233;riode 2028-2034, destin&#233;s &#224; la &#171; gestion de l'immigration &#187;, soit une hausse de 70 % par rapport aux 480 millions allou&#233;s pour la p&#233;riode 2021-2027.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Jusqu'ici, les financements europ&#233;ens ont &#233;t&#233; utilis&#233;s pour construire des camps, &#224; faciliter les renvois forc&#233;s(Chypre a enregistr&#233; ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es un nombre d'expulsions de personnes migrantes sans pr&#233;c&#233;dent), ou &#224; renforcer les op&#233;rations de d&#233;tection des personnes d&#233;pourvues de droit au s&#233;jour. Fin mai, trois personnes exil&#233;es ont saut&#233; d'un balcon &#224; Larnaca pour &#233;chapper aux rafles qui s'intensifient dans le pays. L'une d'elles est d&#233;c&#233;d&#233;e&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Cyprus Mail, &#171; Migrant dies following balcony jump during (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chypre a &#233;t&#233; &#224; plusieurs reprises accus&#233;e et reconnue coupable de violations des droits des personnes migrantes, notamment de refoulements&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Cyprus Mail, &#171; UNHCR expresses concern over alleged pushback (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Pourtant, la partie sud de l'&#238;le continuera de b&#233;n&#233;ficier du soutien et de la collaboration de l'UE dans ses politiques migratoires attentatoires aux droits et &#224; la vie des exil&#233;&#183;es.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc9&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Al Jazeera, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/6/1/greece-reopens-syrian-and-afghan-asylum-cases-hoping-for-returns&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Greece reopens Syrian and Afghan asylum cases, hoping for returns&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 1 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis f&#233;vrier, la Gr&#232;ce a rouvert l'ensemble des dossiers d'asile susceptibles d'&#234;tre rejet&#233;s. Dans ce cadre, les dossiers des ressortissant&#183;es syrien&#183;nes et afghan&#183;es, et particuli&#232;rement des hommes, font l'objet d'un r&#233;examen quasi syst&#233;matique, avec des taux de rejet en forte hausse.Cette r&#233;vision r&#233;v&#233;lerait une volont&#233; politique plus large de se d&#233;barrasser des exil&#233;&#183;es musulman&#183;es ou originaires de pays &#224; majorit&#233; musulmane, en les expulsant vers des r&#233;gimes o&#249; de graves violations des droits humains sont document&#233;es. Le ministre de la migration et de l'asile, Athanasios Plevris, a par ailleurs assum&#233; ce virage raciste sans d&#233;tour lors d'une r&#233;cente audition parlementaire, d&#233;clarant que la Gr&#232;ce pr&#233;f&#233;rait accueillir des travailleur&#183;ses migrant&#183;es non musulman&#183;es.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La strat&#233;gie grecque s'inscrit dans un climat europ&#233;en de racisme et d'islamophobie croissants. Plusieurs pays europ&#233;ens, l'Allemagne au premier rang, envisagent d&#233;sormais des renvois forc&#233;s de ressortissant&#183;es afghan&#183;es et syrien&#183;nes, en d&#233;pit de la situation extr&#234;mement dangereuse dans leurs pays d'origine. L'Union europ&#233;enne elle-m&#234;me a accueilli une d&#233;l&#233;gation talibane &#224; Bruxelles le 23 juin, afin de n&#233;gocier les expulsions des Afghan&#183;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voirci-dessous&#034; id=&#034;nh16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, et a renouvel&#233; son accord de coop&#233;ration avec la Syrie - mettant fin &#224; lasuspension partielle en vigueur depuis 2011 -, ce qui refl&#232;te une volont&#233; d'acc&#233;l&#233;rer les renvois forc&#233;s des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es syrien&#183;nes r&#233;sidant dans toute l'Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet The New Arab, &#171; Eyeing migrant returns, EU moves to bolster (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc10&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italie/Albanie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;La Repubblica, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2026/05/11/news/palazzo_chigi_centri_albania_migranti_hub_frontiera-425336592/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Palazzo Chigi ci riprova : &#8220;Nei centri in Albania i migranti presi in mare&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 11 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le gouvernement italien travaillerait actuellement sur un nouveau d&#233;cret dans le cadre du protocole d'accord Italie-Albanie (2023). Le but serait de revenir au projet initial d'externaliser dans les camps de Sh&#235;ngjin et Gjad&#235;r&#8211; sous juridiction italienne - le traitement acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233; des demandes d'asile. Les personnes concern&#233;es sont les migrant&#183;esintercept&#233;&#183;es en mer par les autorit&#233;s italiennes, originaires de pays dits &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; et consid&#233;r&#233;es &#171; non vuln&#233;rables &#187;. Selon le gouvernement, ce changement serait rendu possible par le Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile, entr&#233; en application le 12 juin 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le projet initial avait jusqu'ici &#233;t&#233; frein&#233; par plusieurs d&#233;cisions de justice, le tribunal de Rome ayant &#224; plusieurs reprises refus&#233; de valider la r&#233;tention dans les camps en Albanie, estimant que les pays d'origine des personnes concern&#233;es, comme le Bangladesh ou l'&#201;gypte, ne pouvaient &#234;tre consid&#233;r&#233;s comme &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; au regard du droit europ&#233;en&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet &#171; Il tribunale di Roma non convalida il trattenimento dei (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Pour &#233;viter que ces camps ne deviennent inutilisables, l'Italie les a donc convertis en 2025 en centres de r&#233;tention et d'expulsion italiens (CPR)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet SkyTG24, &#171; Come funzionano i centri per migranti in Albania (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.L'entr&#233;e en application du Pacte pourrait toutefois lever ces obstacles. Le Pacte permet en effet de qualifier un pays de partiellement &#171; s&#251;r &#187; et facilite le recours aux proc&#233;dures acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;es pour les ressortissant&#183;es de pays dont le taux de reconnaissance de l'asile est faible (&lt; 20 %). Avec la nouvelle liste europ&#233;enne commune des &#171; pays d'origine s&#251;rs &#187;, ces mesures offrent &#224; l'Italie une base juridique plus solide pour r&#233;activer les centres albanais&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir Fanpage, &#171; Perch&#233; con il nuovo regolamento UE Meloni puo sbloccare i (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mais des doutes persistent encore, notamment quant &#224; la possibilit&#233;, pour l'Italie, ded&#233;tenirdes demandeur&#183;euses d'asile en proc&#233;dure normale sur un territoire situ&#233; en dehors de l'UE, une question soumise &#224; la Cour de justice de l'Union europ&#233;enne (CJUE), qui devrait se prononcer dans les prochains mois&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Coalizione italiana libert&#224; e diritti civili (CILD), &#171; Il (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc11&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71931/suede--le-parlement-vote-une-loi-obligeant-les-administrations-publiques-a-denoncer-les-sanspapiers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Su&#232;de : le Parlement vote une loi obligeant les administrations publiques &#224; d&#233;noncer les sans-papiers&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 16 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lundi 15 juin, le Parlement su&#233;dois a adopt&#233; deux projets de loi visant &#224; intensifier les expulsions des personnes exil&#233;es. La premi&#232;re mesure, dite &#171; snitch law &#187; (loi sur la d&#233;lation), oblige six administrations publiques (emploi, retraites, imp&#244;ts, dettes, assurance sociale et administration p&#233;nitentiaire) &#224; signaler &#224; la police les personnes sans titre de s&#233;jour avec lesquelles leurs fonctionnaires entrent en contact. La deuxi&#232;me, dite loi de &#171; bonne conduite &#187;, pr&#233;voit l'expulsion des personnes &#233;trang&#232;res r&#233;sidant en Su&#232;de qui ne m&#232;neraient pas une &#171; vie honn&#234;te &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ces mesures instaurent en Su&#232;de un appareil &#233;tatique de contr&#244;le et de coercition, qui entra&#238;nera du profilage racial, des discriminations au faci&#232;s et de graves atteintes &#224; l'acc&#232;s aux droits des personnes migrantes. La &#171; snitch law &#187; risque d'emp&#234;cher l'acc&#232;s aux droits sociaux des personnes exil&#233;es, qui pourraient renoncer &#224; des services essentiels, y compris &#224; se rendre &#224; l'h&#244;pital ou &#224; l'&#233;cole, de peur d'&#234;tre&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;d&#233;nonc&#233;&#183;es. En mettant en &#339;uvre l'utilisation syst&#233;matique des administrations et des services publics comme outils de surveillance, elle pr&#233;figure le r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187; - adopt&#233; le 17 juin par le Parlement europ&#233;en -, qui autorise les rafles dans les lieux publics et les domiciles priv&#233;s. La loi de &#171; bonne conduite &#187;, quant &#224; elle, ne pr&#233;cise pas les crit&#232;res permettant de d&#233;finir ce qui constituerait une &#171; mauvaise conduite &#187;. Son caract&#232;re discr&#233;tionnaire expose les personnes exil&#233;es au risque de se voir refuser ou r&#233;voquer leur titre de s&#233;jour sur la base de comportements qui ne sont ni ill&#233;gaux ni sanctionn&#233;s pour les citoyen&#183;nes su&#233;dois&#183;es. Il s'agit de la mise en place d&#233;lib&#233;r&#233;e d'une incertitude juridique et d'une mise sous condition des droits, dissuasive et contraire &#224; l'&#201;tat de droit. Elles pousseront &#224; la peur et &#224; l'autocensure parmi les personnes migrantes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc13&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20260609-attaque-%C3%A0-belfast-les-autorit%C3%A9s-appellent-au-calme-face-au-risque-de-violences-anti-immigr%C3%A9s&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;fr&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Violentes manifestations anti-immigration &#224; Belfast apr&#232;s une attaque imput&#233;e &#224; un r&#233;fugi&#233;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, le 9 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20260613-%C3%A0-belfast-un-vaste-rassemblement-contre-le-racisme-apr%C3%A8s-des-%C3%A9meutes-anti-immigr%C3%A9s&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;fr&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#192; Belfast, un vaste rassemblement contre le racisme apr&#232;s des &#233;meutes anti-immigr&#233;s&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;le 13 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 9 juin, des manifestations anti-immigr&#233;&#183;es se sont tenues &#224; Belfast (Irlande du Nord) au lendemain d'une attaque au couteau imput&#233;e &#224; un ressortissant soudanais, dont la vid&#233;o a &#233;t&#233; diffus&#233;e sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux. Des groupes n&#233;ofascistes organis&#233;s ont incendi&#233; des voitures et des logements appartenant pour la plupart &#224; des personnes exil&#233;es. Quelques jours plus tard, une grande manifestation antiraciste a &#233;t&#233; organis&#233;e pour d&#233;noncer cette vague de violence raciste.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cet &#233;pisode illustre un m&#233;canisme bien connu dans plusieurs pays europ&#233;ens et au-del&#224; : un d&#233;lit ou crime commis par une personne &#233;trang&#232;re est instrumentalis&#233; pour cibler des communaut&#233;s enti&#232;res de personnes exil&#233;es et l&#233;gitimer &#224; leur encontre des attaques violentes et des intimidations &#224; caract&#232;re racial. Cette dynamique s'inscrit dans un contexte de forte mont&#233;e du racisme et de l'extr&#234;me droite au Royaume-Uni - visible tant sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux que dans l'espace public (fresques murales incitant &#224; la haine raciale, rassemblements anti-migrant&#183;es...)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment F&#233;d&#233;ration Internationale pour les Droits Humains, &#171; Irlande (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; - qui menace la vie et la s&#233;curit&#233; des personnes exil&#233;es et des personnes non blanches.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/72119/au-royaumeuni-le-gouvernement-veut-etendre-laccueil-parraine-des-refugies&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Au Royaume-Uni, le gouvernement veut &#233;tendre l'accueil parrain&#233; des r&#233;fugi&#233;s&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 30 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 30 juin, la ministre britannique de l'int&#233;rieur, Shabana Mahmood,&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mahmood-myreforms-will-save-the-asylum-system-for-a-generation&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;a annonc&#233;&lt;/a&gt; la mise en place d'un syst&#232;me d'accueil des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es par parrainage, qui entrera en vigueur &#224; l'automne 2027. Concr&#232;tement, des universit&#233;s, entreprises et autres organisations pourront d&#233;sormais parrainer une personne reconnue r&#233;fugi&#233;e au sens de l'article 1 de la&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/fr/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-relating-status-refugees&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Convention de Gen&#232;ve de 1951&lt;/a&gt;, lui permettant de s'installer l&#233;galement au Royaume-Uni. Ce sont les organisations en charge de ce parrainagequi seront responsables du logement, de l'int&#233;gration et de l'assistance &#224; l'insertion professionnelle des personnes s&#233;lectionn&#233;es. Le nombre de b&#233;n&#233;ficiaires potentiels n'a pas encore &#233;t&#233; pr&#233;cis&#233;, et les candidatures resteront soumises &#224; un contr&#244;le gouvernemental strict.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cet annonce intervient dans un contexte de durcissement g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233; de la politique d'asile britannique. Les dispositifs de parrainage sont en effet fr&#233;quemment utilis&#233;s par les gouvernements pour afficher une image de g&#233;n&#233;rosit&#233; s&#233;lective envers les &#171; vrais r&#233;fugi&#233;s &#187; (Mahmood utilise l'expression &#171; &lt;i&gt;genuine refugees&lt;/i&gt; &#187;), tout en d&#233;tournant l'attention des politiques de dissuasion qui demeurent inchang&#233;es, voire renforc&#233;es. Les parrainages deviennent ainsi les instruments d'une politique de tri, qui permettent aux &#201;tats d'avoir des quotas de personnes entrant sur leur territoire, et qui permettent de s&#233;lectionner certaines cat&#233;gories de r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es, selon leur niveau de qualification ou leur religion (on pense notamment aux parrainages par des &#233;glises)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Nikolas Feith Tan, &#171; Community Sponsorship of Refugees and (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. L'&#201;tat se d&#233;sengage par ailleurs de ses responsabilit&#233;s en mati&#232;re de protection et d'asile, en transf&#233;rant au secteur priv&#233; une obligation qui lui incombe l&#233;galement. Au-del&#224; des b&#233;n&#233;fices individuels dont peuvent jouir les personnes s&#233;lectionn&#233;es, ce dispositif, qui s'inscrit dans un contexte britannique hautement r&#233;pressif &#224; l'&#233;gard des exil&#233;&#183;es, risque de d&#233;naturer l'esprit du droit d'asile, qui pourrait alors &#234;tre r&#233;duit &#224; &#171; une entreprise d'immigration n&#233;olib&#233;rale et privatis&#233;e, r&#233;serv&#233;e aux seuls migrants hautement qualifi&#233;s et &#233;duqu&#233;s, ou &#224; certains groupes ethniques ou religieux &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibidem, p. 258.&#034; id=&#034;nh24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc14&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Royaume-Uni/France&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/06/23/migration-un-premier-pas-vers-une-europeanisation-de-la-gestion-des-traversees-de-la-manche_6708581_3210.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=2&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Migration : un premier pas vers une europ&#233;anisation de la gestion des travers&#233;es de la Manche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 23 juin &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'accord &#171; One in, one out &#187; (2025) entre la France et le Royaume-Uni ne sera pas renouvel&#233; apr&#232;s octobre 2026. Il sera remplac&#233; par un &lt;a href=&#034;https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/ee521a9c-effe-494f-ae61-65ffcf778e46_en?filename=EU Action Plan for the Channel route.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;plan d'action de la Commission europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;pour la route migratoire de la Manche, &#233;labor&#233; en partenariat avec le Royaume-Uni et publi&#233; le 16 juin.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'accord &#171; One in, one out &#187; pr&#233;voit actuellement que pour chaque demandeur&#183;euse d'asile que le Royaume-Uni s'engage &#224; accueillir par &#171; voie l&#233;gale &#187;, la France accepte en retour de r&#233;admettre sur son territoire une personne arriv&#233;e au Royaume-Uni de fa&#231;ondite irr&#233;guli&#232;re&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet le court documentaire de MSF Frontlines, &#171; One in, one out (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le nouveau plan d'action pr&#233;voit une approche r&#233;pressive articul&#233;e autour de trois axes : le renforcement de la coop&#233;ration diplomatique avec les pays d'origine et de transit pour faciliter les expulsions ; la &#171; lutte contre les passeurs &#187; (qui laisse craindre une criminalisation accrue des personnes migrantes et des organisations solidaires&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Sur ce point, voir PICUM, &#171; Migrant smuggling : why we need a paradigm shift (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;) ; et l'augmentation des moyens allou&#233;s aux forces de l'ordre et au contr&#244;le des fronti&#232;res. Sans surprise, le texte fait r&#233;f&#233;rence &#224; la n&#233;cessit&#233; d'entraver la migration &#171; ill&#233;gale &#187; afin de dissuader les personnes d'entreprendre des travers&#233;es dangereuses.Un artifice rh&#233;torique qui occulte que c'est pr&#233;cis&#233;ment le verrouillage des fronti&#232;res qui pousse de nombreuses personnes &#224; continuer d'entreprendre ces travers&#233;esdangereuses.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc15&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_11&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Suisse&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euractiv.com/news/swiss-reject-divisive-anti-immigration-proposal-projections/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;fr&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Swiss reject divisive anti-immigration proposal &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 14 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 14 juin, 54 % des &#233;lecteur&#183;ices suisses ont rejet&#233; l'initiative anti-immigration &#171; Pas de Suisse &#224; 10 millions ! &#187;. Port&#233;e par le parti d'extr&#234;me droite UDC, l'initiative d&#233;signait les demandeur&#183;euses d'asile comme la cause d'une croissance d&#233;mographique mettant en p&#233;ril la &#171; durabilit&#233; &#187; du pays. Le texte exigeait de maintenir la population r&#233;sidente permanente sous le seuil de dix millions d'habitants d'ici 2050, &#224; travers des mesures migratoires r&#233;pressives et contraires aux obligations du pays en mati&#232;re d'accueil et de protection. D&#232;s que la population aura atteint 9,5 millions de personnes, les demandeur&#183;euses d'asile admis &#224; titre provisoire n'auraient plus aucune perspective de rester dans le pays. En cas de d&#233;passement des 10 millions, les accords internationaux accus&#233;s d'encourager la croissance d&#233;mographique devraient&#234;tre ren&#233;goci&#233;s, voire d&#233;nonc&#233;s. L'application de textes tels que le Pacte mondial sur la migration, la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, la Convention de Gen&#232;ve relative au statut des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es et l'Accord europ&#233;en sur la libre circulation des personnes seraitmenac&#233;e&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International, &#171; Initiative &#171; Pas de Suisse &#224; 10 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'initiative a &#233;chou&#233; gr&#226;ce &#224; la forte opposition des associations patronales et syndicales, qui craignaient de lourdes r&#233;percussions sur l'emploi et la croissance.M&#234;me si nombre d'arguments pour le &#171; non &#187; &#233;taient de nature &#233;conomique, le rejet de l'initiative reste une victoire importante et un revers contre le projet de soci&#233;t&#233; de l'extr&#234;me droite. Un projet qui aurait expos&#233; les personnes exil&#233;es &#224; un risque r&#233;el de refoulement aux fronti&#232;res et de suspension des proc&#233;dures d'asile, et qui aurait conduit, par la possibilit&#233; de d&#233;noncer des accords internationaux de protection des droits humains, &#224; un affaiblissement g&#233;n&#233;ral de ces protections pour tous&#183;tes, et pas seulement pour les personnes exil&#233;es.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc17&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_12&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;D&#233;claration de Chisinau&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euractiv.com/news/european-countries-urge-rethink-of-human-rights-on-migration/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;European countries urge rethink of human rights on migration&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 15 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 15 mai 2026, le Comit&#233; des Ministres du Conseil de l'Europe a adopt&#233; &#224; Chisinau (Moldavie) une d&lt;a href=&#034;https://rm.coe.int/pdf/09125948802bc2cc&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#233;claration&lt;/a&gt;qui propose une interpr&#233;tation restrictive de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme (CEDH) afin de faciliter les expulsions des exil&#233;&#183;es d&#233;pourvu&#183;es de droit au s&#233;jour ou ayant commis des infractions graves. La d&#233;claration propose une r&#233;interpr&#233;tation de l'article 8 (droit au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale) permettant de &#171; r&#233;&#233;quilibrer &#187; les droits individuels des personnes exil&#233;es avec &#171; l'int&#233;r&#234;t et la s&#233;curit&#233; publics &#187;. Elle propose &#233;galement une r&#233;duction du champ d'application de l'article 3 (interdiction de la torture et des traitements inhumains et d&#233;gradants), afin qu'un acc&#232;s insuffisant aux soins de sant&#233; ou des conditions socio-&#233;conomiques pr&#233;caires dans le pays d'expulsion ne puissent constituer un traitement inhumain ou d&#233;gradant faisant obstacle au renvoi forc&#233;. Il convient cependant de rappeler que l'article 3 ne souffre aucune exception.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Conseil de l'Europe a ainsi donn&#233; suite &#224; la &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-to-the-conference-of-ministers-of-justice-of-the-council-of-europe&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;d&#233;claration&lt;/a&gt;formul&#233;e en d&#233;cembre 2025 par 27 &#201;tats membres demandant une interpr&#233;tation plus restrictive de la CEDH en mati&#232;re de renvois forc&#233;s. Si la d&#233;claration de Chisinau demeure non contraignante juridiquement, elle constitue une &#233;tape politique pr&#233;occupante qui contribuera - avec les r&#233;centes l&#233;gislations europ&#233;ennes (pays d'origine &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;, pays tiers &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;, r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;) -&#224; ancrer dans l'imaginaire collectif la n&#233;cessit&#233; de syst&#233;matiser les expulsions dangereuses, au nom de pr&#233;tendus imp&#233;ratifs s&#233;curitaires. Elle constitue par ailleurs une ing&#233;rence politique dans l'interpr&#233;tation de la Convention-EDH, illustrant une tendance europ&#233;enne de remise en cause de la l&#233;gitimit&#233; du pouvoir judiciaire&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Jo&#235;l Andriantsimbazovina, &#171; Pressions politiques sur la Cour (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, accus&#233; par plusieurs gouvernements de droite et d'extr&#234;me droite de favoriser des positions progressistes en mati&#232;re de migration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc19&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_13&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entr&#233;e en application du Pacte migration et asile&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mediapart, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/120626/pacte-sur-la-migration-et-l-asile-pour-l-union-europeenne-le-jour-de-la-honte&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Pacte sur la migration et l'asile : pour l'Union europ&#233;enne, le jour de la honte&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 12 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 12 juin, le Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile est entr&#233; en application. Il constitue une r&#233;forme globale de la politique europ&#233;enne en la mati&#232;re, en introduisant des changements profonds aux fronti&#232;res de l'UE.Il instaure de nouvelles proc&#233;dures de filtrage pour toute personne se pr&#233;sentant aux fronti&#232;res ext&#233;rieures de l'UE.&#192; l'issue de ce filtrage, certaines personnes peuvent &#234;tre soumises &#224; des proc&#233;dures d'asile frontali&#232;res acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;es, d&#233;bouchant en cas de rejet sur une expulsion. Durant toutes ces phases, les personnes sont priv&#233;es de libert&#233;, probablement dans des lieux isol&#233;s, difficilement accessibles aux avocat&#183;es, m&#233;decins, journalistes et organisations de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile. Elles sont aussi maintenues dans une &#171; fiction de non-entr&#233;e &#187; juridique : physiquement pr&#233;sentes sur le sol europ&#233;en, elles sont l&#233;galement consid&#233;r&#233;es comme n'y &#233;tant pas entr&#233;es. Cela permet aux &#201;tats de les expulser plus facilement, ouvrant la voie &#224; des standards d&#233;grad&#233;s en mati&#232;re de droits fondamentaux.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La privation de libert&#233; s'impose donc comme la norme, et l'acc&#232;s &#224; l'asile - comme&#224; un recours effectif - est drastiquement restreint. En effet, davantage de personnes seront plac&#233;es en proc&#233;dure acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;e, en partant du principe qu'elles n'ont a priori pas besoin de protection : celles provenant de pays o&#249; le taux de reconnaissance des demandes d'asile dans l'UE est inf&#233;rieur &#224; 20 %, celles provenant de pays d'origine dits &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;, et celles suspect&#233;es de constituer une &#171; menace &#224; l'ordre public &#187;, une notion floue et non d&#233;finie. Par ailleurs, si les personnes vis&#233;es par une d&#233;cision d'expulsion font un recours contre cette d&#233;cision, celui-ci ne sera pas suspensif, et le Pacte autorise l'expulsion avant m&#234;me qu'une d&#233;cision d&#233;finitive ne soit prise.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En sommes, ce Pacte syst&#233;matise &#224; l'&#233;chelle europ&#233;enne l'enfermement, le fichage, le tri et l'expulsion des personnes migrantes aux fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc18&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_14&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Adoption d&#233;finitive du r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;RFI, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/en-bref/20260617-migration-le-parlement-europ%C3%A9en-adopte-la-r%C3%A9forme-pr%C3%A9voyant-des-hubs-de-retour&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Migration : le Parlement europ&#233;en adopte la r&#233;forme pr&#233;voyant des &#171; hubs de re&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;to&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ur &#187;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 17 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/video/2026/06/17/renvoyez-les-scandent-des-elus-d-extreme-droite-au-parlement-europeen_6704287_823448.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=7&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#171; Renvoyez-les ! &#187;, scandent des &#233;lus d'extr&#234;me droite au Parlement europ&#233;en&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, le 17 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 17 juin, le Parlement europ&#233;en a adopt&#233; d&#233;finitivement le r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;, sous les applaudissements et les cris racistesdes d&#233;put&#233;&#183;es de droite et d'extr&#234;me droite scand&#233;s dans l'h&#233;micycle &#171; &lt;i&gt; Send them back ! &lt;/i&gt; &#187; (&#171; Renvoyez-les ! &#187;). Le texte pr&#233;voit une architecture massive de d&#233;tention (allant jusqu'&#224; deux ans, avec possibilit&#233; de prolongement ind&#233;fini en cas de menace pour la s&#233;curit&#233; publique), la conversion de pays tiers en &#171; &lt;i&gt; return hubs&lt;/i&gt; &#187; (plateformes d'expulsion), vers lesquels les migrant&#183;es pourront &#234;tre expuls&#233;&#183;es m&#234;me s'ils ou elles n'ont aucun lien avec ces pays&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Une coalition de cinq &#201;tats membres a d&#233;j&#224; entam&#233; des n&#233;gociations avec des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, ainsi que des mesures &#171; d'enqu&#234;te &#187; autorisant des rafles &#224; domicile et dans les espaces publics, la saisie d'appareils &#233;lectroniques et l'obligation de fournir des donn&#233;es biom&#233;triques aux autorit&#233;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les mesures pr&#233;vues franchissent une ligne rouge en instaurant un r&#233;gime de surveillance &#233;tendue au sein de l'UE : les personnes migrantes d&#233;pourvues de droit au s&#233;jour feront l'objet d'une v&#233;ritable chasse &#224; l'homme et seront expuls&#233;es vers des pays notoirement non s&#251;rs (les gouvernements europ&#233;ens envisagent actuellement des expulsions vers le Rwanda, l'Ouganda, la Libye, l'&#201;gypte...&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Human Rights Watch, &#171; Dangerous EU Momentum Towards Offshore (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh30&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;). Ce r&#232;glement institutionnalise ainsi la violation des droits fondamentaux et du droit international : il entra&#238;nera des atteintes au principe de non-refoulement, bafouera le droit &#224; la vie priv&#233;e et familiale, et exposera les personnes exil&#233;es &#224; des traitements inhumains et d&#233;gradants&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb31&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour aller plus loin, voir notamment Migreurop, &#171; Adoption du r&#232;glement (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh31&#034;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc20&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_15&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=204&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Une d&#233;l&#233;gation de Talibans &#224; Bruxelles&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/72051/rencontre-inedite-entre-lue-et-des-responsables-talibans-pour-discuter-du-renvoi-des-afghans-vers-leur-pays-dorigine&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Rencontre in&#233;dite entre l'UE et des responsables talibans pour discuter du renvoi des Afghans vers leur pays d'origine&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 24 juin 2026 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.com/fr/news/les-talibans-profitent-de-leur-visite-a-bruxelles-pour-demander-un-acces-consulaire-en-europe/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Les talibans profitent de leur visite &#224; Bruxelles pour demander un acc&#232;s consulaire en Europe&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187; , le 23 juin 2026 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 23 juin, des membres de la Commission europ&#233;enne ont rencontr&#233; une d&#233;l&#233;gation de Talibans afin de poursuivre les n&#233;gociations sur le renvoi forc&#233; des ressortissant&#183;es afghan&#183;es d&#233;pourvu&#183;es du droit au s&#233;jour en UE. En &#233;change de leur coop&#233;ration pour ces expulsions, les Talibans ont demand&#233; le r&#233;tablissement des services consulaires destin&#233;s aux Afghan&#183;es dans toute l'Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Une fois encore, l'obsession anti-immigration de l'UE conduit &#224; la normalisation des relations avec un r&#233;gime liberticide, dans le but d'expulser &#224; tout prix&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb32&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Les accords avec la Libye oula Turquie en sont d'autres exemples.&#034; id=&#034;nh32&#034;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le r&#233;tablissement des services consulaires &#233;tant une condition fondamentale pos&#233;e par les Talibans, le r&#233;sultat final de ces n&#233;gociations risque d'&#234;tre une l&#233;gitimation de facto du r&#233;gime afghan, qui a mis en place un apartheid de genre&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb33&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour en savoir plus, voir Human Rights Watch, &#171; Gender Apartheid as an (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh33&#034;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; et qui est responsable de la violation syst&#233;matique des droits humains en Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb34&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International &#171; Afghanistan : la situation des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh34&#034;&gt;34&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En normalisant ses relations avec les Talibans, l'Union europ&#233;enne &#233;rode ses propres standards en mati&#232;re de droits fondamentaux, en repoussant toujours plus loin les limites de ce qui est consid&#233;r&#233; comme &#171; acceptable &#187;. Si ces n&#233;gociations aboutissent, les ressortissant&#183;es afghan&#183;es concern&#233;&#183;es risquent d'&#234;tre expuls&#233;&#183;es vers la torture et la mort.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6094 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;31&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/draft_revue_de_presse_mai-juin_2026_.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 293.1 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/visuel_rp-3-d234e.png?1783662833' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Revue de presse mai/juin 2026
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet la fiche d'information d'EuroMed Droits, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/egypt-infosheet-fr.pdf&#034;&gt; S&#251;r sur le papier, dangereux dans la r&#233;alit&#233; : l'&#201;gypte et la politique de retour de l'UE &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir HCDH, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2026/03/egypt-un-experts-raise-alarm-over-violations-against-refugees-and-migrants&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Egypt : UN experts raise alarm over violations against refugees and migrants &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 6 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;14 personnes, dont E Hishri,font actuellement l'objet de mandats d'arrestation internationaux dans le cadre de cette enqu&#234;te. Certaines d'entre elles sont d&#233;c&#233;d&#233;es, d'autres sont en fuite.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2017/12/libya-european-governments-complicit-in-horrific-abuse-of-refugees-and-migrants/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Libye. Les gouvernements europ&#233;ens se rendent complices des violations des droits humains des r&#233;fugi&#233;s et des migrants&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 12 d&#233;cembre 2017&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour en savoir plus, voir le communiqu&#233; de Refugees in Libya, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.refugeesinlibya.org/post/civil-society-statement-detention-crimes-in-libya-finally-before-the-icc-judges-to-decide-whether&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Civil society statement : Detentioncrimes in Libya finally before the ICC : Judges to decide whether El Hishri case moves to trial&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 11 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ce refus de coop&#233;rer avec la Cour a valu &#224; l'Italie deux plaintes devant la Cour europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme. Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71639/litalie-visee-par-deux-plaintes-aupres-de-la-cedh-pour-avoir-libere-le-tortionnaire-de-migrants-libyen-osama-almasri-najim&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'Italie vis&#233;e par deux plaintes aupr&#232;s de la CEDH pour avoir lib&#233;r&#233; le tortionnaire de migrants libyen Osama Almasri Najim&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 1 juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Almasri a r&#233;cemment &#233;t&#233; condamn&#233; par un tribunal de Tripoli &#224; 7 ans et 4 mois d'emprisonnement, tout en faisant toujours l'objet d'un mandat d'arr&#234;t de la CPI. La Libye, non signataire du Statut de Rome (trait&#233; fondateur de la CPI), n'est pas tenue de le remettre &#224; la Cour. Voir &#224; ce sujet Il Post, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/06/21/almasri-condannato-libia-tortura-migranti/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Il generale Almasri &#232; stato condannato in Libia a 7 anni e 4 mesi per le violenze ai danni di alcune persone migranti &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 21 juin 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet les informations relatives &#224; la Libye sur Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3565.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt; Les &#201;tats du Maghreb et de l'Union europ&#233;enne coupables de violations syst&#233;matiques du droit international et de crimes contre l'humanit&#233;&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 7 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Refugees in Libya, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;file:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/Book of Shame 2025 Vol. I. .pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034;&gt;Book of Shame. How UNHCR Fails to Protect Refugees in Libya, Tunisia, and Niger&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/fiche_pays_ceuta_0624_ok_def.pdf&#034;&gt; Fiche CEUTA&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Isaline Roverato, 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/cp_migreurop_rwanda_jun_22_-_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;Arrangement Royaume-Uni/Rwanda : externaliser l'asile en Afrique, arme de dissuasion massive en Europe &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 20 juin 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68792/autriche--le-regroupement-familial-suspendu-pour-six-mois-supplementaires&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Autriche : le regroupement familial suspendu pour six mois suppl&#233;mentaires&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 12 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Amnesty International Austriche, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.at/presse/nationalrat-beschliesst-quotensystem-bei-familienzusammenfuehrung-amnesty-warnt-vor-verstoss-gegen-menschenrechte/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Nationalrat beschlie&#223;t Quotensystem bei Familienzusammenf&#252;hrung : Amnesty warnt vor Versto&#223; gegen Menschenrechte&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 19 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Cyprus Mail, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://cyprus-mail.com/2026/05/27/migrant-dies-following-balcony-jump-during-immigration-raid&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrant dies following balcony jump during immigration raid &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 27 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Cyprus Mail, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/03/19/unhcr-expresses-concern-over-alleged-pushback-of-syrian-refugees&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;UNHCR expresses concern over alleged pushback of Syrian refugees&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 19 mars 2025 et InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/bn/post/60432/chypre-condamnee-par-la-cedh-pour-le-refoulement-en-mer-de-deux-syriens&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Chypre condamn&#233;e par la CEDH pour le refoulement en mer de deux Syriens&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 9 octobre 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voirci-dessous&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet The New Arab, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.newarab.com/news/eyeing-migrant-returns-eu-moves-bolster-syria-ties&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Eyeing migrant returns, EU moves to bolster Syria ties &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 12 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.internazionale.it/notizie/annalisa-camilli/2024/10/18/tribunale-di-roma-migranti-albania&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Il tribunale di Roma non convalida il trattenimento dei migranti in Albania &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 18 octobre 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet SkyTG24, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://tg24.sky.it/cronaca/2025/06/09/centri-migranti-albania-come-funzionano-costi&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Come funzionano i centri per migranti in Albania&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 9 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir Fanpage, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.fanpage.it/politica/perche-con-il-nuovo-regolamento-ue-il-governo-meloni-puo-sbloccare-i-centri-in-albania/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Perch&#233; con il nuovo regolamento UE Meloni puo sbloccare i centri in Albania&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 10 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Coalizione italiana libert&#224; e diritti civili (CILD), &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://cild.eu/blog/2025/12/10/il-protocollo-italia-albania-alla-corte-di-giustizia-ue/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Il Protocollo Italia-Albania alla Corte di Giustizia UE &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 10 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment F&#233;d&#233;ration Internationale pour les Droits Humains, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.fidh.org/fr/regions/europe-asie-centrale/irlande/irlande-du-nord-les-violences-et-intimidations-racistes-doivent&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Irlande du Nord : les violences et intimidations racistes doivent cesser&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 11 juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Nikolas Feith Tan, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/0ECC0E27C5A586A214BB3D846CCA9788/9781316517840c10_252-271.pdf/community-sponsorship-of-refugees-and-local-governance.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Community Sponsorship of Refugees and Local Governance &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, dans{}&lt;i&gt;Theorizing Local Migration Law and Governance&lt;/i&gt;, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2022, p. 252-271&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibidem, p. 258.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet le court documentaire de MSF Frontlines, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KqOv3ssnHc&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;One in, one out : des milliers de vies en p&#233;ril&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 21 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Sur ce point, voir PICUM, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://picum.org/blog/migrant-smuggling-why-we-need-a-paradigm-shift/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrant smuggling : why we need a paradigm shift &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 18 juillet 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.ch/fr/pays/suisse/pas-de-suisse-a-10-millions&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Initiative &#171; Pas de Suisse &#224; 10&#8239;millions &#187;. Une attaque frontale contre la protection des droits humains&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 7 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Jo&#235;l Andriantsimbazovina, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.leclubdesjuristes.com/international/pressions-politiques-sur-la-cour-europeenne-des-droits-de-lhomme-11031/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Pressions politiques sur la Cour europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le club des juristes, 12 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Une coalition de cinq &#201;tats membres a d&#233;j&#224; entam&#233; des n&#233;gociations avec des pays tiers en vue d'&#233;tablir des &lt;i&gt;return hu&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;s&lt;/i&gt;. Voir Euractiv, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euractiv.com/news/eu-return-hub-backers-eye-partner-countries-reveal-by-autumn-says-dutch-minister/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; EU return-hubs revealed by autumn, says Dutch minister&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 5 juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb30&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 30&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/06/26/dangerous-eu-momentum-towards-offshore-deportation-centers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Dangerous EU Momentum Towards Offshore Deportation Centers&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 26 juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb31&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh31&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 31&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour aller plus loin, voir notamment Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3560.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Adoption du r&#232;glement europ&#233;en &#171; retour &#187; : la mise &#224; mort du droit international&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 26 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb32&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh32&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 32&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Les accords avec la Libye oula Turquie en sont d'autres exemples.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb33&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh33&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 33&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour en savoir plus, voir Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/09/02/gender-apartheid-as-an-international-crime&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Gender Apartheid as an International Crime. Taliban Oppression in Afghanistan Triggers Campaign &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 2 septembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb34&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh34&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 34&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;34&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/location/asia-and-the-pacific/south-asia/afghanistan/report-afghanistan/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Afghanistan : la situation des droits humains 2025 &#187;, 2026&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Volunteer programme in Brussels (2025/2026) - Acceleration and Intensification of Repressive Migration Reforms: A Timeline of European Migration Legislation (2023&#8211;2026)</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3598.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3598.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-07-01T16:35:14Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;As part of her volunteering with Migreurop and EuroMed Rights in Brussels (November 2025&#8211;May 2026), Jeanne Olivet closely followed the negotiations surrounding the European Union's migration reforms. Through this timeline, she highlights the accelerating pace and increasing brutality of EU migration policies. She also provides an analysis of the dynamics within the European institutions that are driving the adoption of ever more repressive migration measures. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Last update : 06/25/2026. To (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique460.html" rel="directory"&gt;Volunteers' works&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot204.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH114/capture_d_ecran_2026-07-01_183614-ac5dc.png?1782923905' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='114' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;As part of her volunteering with Migreurop and EuroMed Rights in Brussels (November 2025&#8211;May 2026), Jeanne Olivet closely followed the negotiations surrounding the European Union's migration reforms. Through this timeline, she highlights the accelerating pace and increasing brutality of EU migration policies. She also provides an analysis of the dynamics within the European institutions that are driving the adoption of ever more repressive migration measures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;iframe src=&#034;https://migreurop.org/eu-migration-legislation-timeline-en.html&#034; width=&#034;930&#034; height=&#034;1000&#034; frameborder=&#034;0&#034; webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Last update : 06/25/2026. To view the timeline in full-page mode, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/eu-migration-legislation-timeline-en.html&#034;&gt;click here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Analysis of the Timeline&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;color: #B80000; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight;&#034;&gt;2025&#8211;2026: An Unrelenting Wave of Rights-Violating Reforms&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This &lt;strong&gt;timeline of European migration reforms &lt;/strong&gt; documents all legislative instruments that have been adopted or are currently under negotiation within the European institutions following the &lt;strong&gt;European Pact on Migration and Asylum.&lt;/strong&gt; The Pact was adopted on 14 May 2024 and entered into application on 12 June 2026. &lt;strong&gt;Consisting of nine regulations and one directive&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Directive (EU) 2024/1346 laying down standards for the reception of (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i&gt;(see the timeline &#8211; each regulation can be displayed or hidden)&lt;/i&gt;, the Pact is intended to constitute a comprehensive overhaul of the EU's legal framework on migration and asylum. It marked the beginning of a new wave of legislative reforms on immigration and asylum at the European level.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since then, a series of major reforms has been adopted at breakneck speed. As early as spring 2025, three major new proposals were put forward: the &lt;strong&gt;Return Regulation&lt;/strong&gt; (March 2025), the creation of a &lt;strong&gt;European list of &#034;safe&#034; countries of origin&lt;/strong&gt; (April 2025), and the &lt;strong&gt;reform of the concept of &#034;safe&#034; third countries&lt;/strong&gt; (May 2025). The latter two were adopted jointly less than a year later, in February 2026. The Return Regulation itself was adopted on Wednesday, 17 June 2026, following fast-tracked negotiations (Parliament's position adopted in March 2026, trilogue negotiations concluded on 1 June 2026).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The first European list of &#034;safe countries of origin&#034;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;i&gt;(see the &#034;Asylum &#8211; Safe Countries of Origin&#034; section of the timeline)&lt;/i&gt; includes Bangladesh, Colombia, Egypt, Kosovo, India, Morocco and Tunisia. It paves the way for mandatory accelerated asylum procedures for nationals of these countries, thereby weakening their procedural safeguards. On the same day, the &lt;strong&gt;expansion of the concept of &#034;safe third country&#034;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;i&gt;(see the &#034;Asylum &#8211; Safe Third Countries&#034; section)&lt;/i&gt; was also endorsed. This concept is not new: previously, a connection between the individual and the third country (through nationality, transit or residence) was required. That connection is no longer necessary. A simple agreement or arrangement between Member States (or the EU) and third countries now suffices to deport an individual, including to countries that they has never set foot in. The notion of a &#034;safe country&#034; has thus become a tool enabling European states to evade their international obligations rather than ensuring effective protection.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;new Return Regulation&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;i&gt;(see the &#034;Return&#034; section)&lt;/i&gt; represents a significant tightening of the rules governing the detention and removal of foreign nationals. Detention becomes the norm through an expansion of both the grounds for detention and the categories of people concerned, including those deemed vulnerable. The maximum detention period is extended from 18 to 24 months, with the possibility of further extensions in cases involving threats to public order or national security. In addition, the Return Regulation authorises transfers to so-called return hubs located outside the EU and beyond its legal oversight, where people expelled from European territory may be forcibly sent under formal or informal agreements concluded between Member States or the EU and third countries&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further information, see Migreurop's briefing note, &#034;26 March 2026 &#8211; (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This succession of reforms represents an &lt;strong&gt;unprecedented escalation of attacks on the rights of people on the move in the European Union's history&lt;/strong&gt;, effectively giving a green light to the most repressive ambitions of Member States. The timeline above illustrates how the reconfiguration of the European institutional landscape in recent years has enabled this fast brutalisation of EU migration policies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;color: #B80000; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight;&#034;&gt;2024: An Unprecedented Shift in Favour of the Far Right&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The concepts underpinning these recent reforms are part of the long-standing trajectory of EU migration policies. &#034;Safe&#034; countries, accelerated procedures, the externalisation of asylum procedures and deportations: &lt;strong&gt;these ideas are not new, but have resurfaced cyclically for more than twenty years.&lt;/strong&gt; As early as 2003, Tony Blair was already proposing the establishment of asylum processing centres outside the EU, an idea later revived, among others, by Viktor Orb&#225;n in 2015 in the form of &#034;refugee camps outside the EU&#034;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Migreurop, &#034;A Europe United Against Refugees&#034;, 26 October 2016.&#034; id=&#034;nh2-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Until recently, these proposals had been blocked or watered down by sufficiently strong political and social opposition. In 2016, the reform of the Common European Asylum System proposed by the Commission, followed by the reform of the Dublin III Regulation, failed to pass. Likewise, the reform of the Return Directive in 2018 remained stalled for several years, thanks to political resistance that preserved fundamental rights safeguards.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Today, that resistance has collapsed. This turning point is the result of a major political realignment brought about by the June 2024 European elections, which marked a clear shift to the right in the European Parliament.&lt;/strong&gt; The European People's Party (EPP) emerged as the largest political group with 188 seats, while the Patriots for Europe became the Parliament's third-largest force with 85 seats. On migration issues, these two blocs converge around the same priorities: tightening access to international protection, further criminalising migration, and reasserting state sovereignty over obligations arising from international law. This consensus is also reflected within the European Commission, embodied by the Commissioner for Home Affairs, Magnus Brunner, who has notably advocated expanding Frontex's powers and enhancing the interoperability of biometric databases, as provided for under the Pact. As a result, the space for human rights-based opposition within the EU institutions has been significantly reduced, enabling these reforms to be adopted with virtually no resistance.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Before 2024, mainstream political groups in the European Parliament refused to cooperate with far-right groups, whether on votes, resolutions or appointments. &lt;strong&gt;That longstanding political firewall has now collapsed, as illustrated by the accelerating pace of negotiations on EU migration legislation.&lt;/strong&gt; The EPP no longer hesitates to form coalitions with far-right parties in order to secure the adoption of legislative texts. This was demonstrated by the vote on the Return Regulation in the LIBE Committee, where an unprecedented alliance between the EPP, PfE&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Patriots for Europe&#034; id=&#034;nh2-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, ECR&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;European Conservatives and Reformists&#034; id=&#034;nh2-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; and ESN&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Europe of Sovereign Nations&#034; id=&#034;nh2-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; succeeded in adopting a text even more restrictive than the one initially proposed by the rapporteur, M. Azmani of the Renew group.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This shift did not happen overnight. It is the outcome of a thirty-year process of normalising narratives that associate migration with insecurity and crime.&lt;/strong&gt; This had already led to previous &#034;asylum packages&#034;, the predecessors of the Pact, in 2003 and 2013, which established surveillance and migration control systems such as Eurodac&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Regulation (EU) No 603/2013 of 26 June 2013 on the establishment of Eurodac, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, as well as the creation of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency, Frontex&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 of 26 October 2004 establishing a (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. By placing these narratives at the centre of the political agenda&#8212;and now of the legislative agenda&#8212;European decision-makers have normalised the use of emergency as a justification for lawmaking. This has allowed major legislative reforms to be rushed through while sidestepping key democratic safeguards, including the requirement to conduct impact assessments.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;color: #B80000; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight;&#034;&gt;2023&#8211;2026: Negotiations Under Pressure Driving the Expansion of Externalisation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;While EU Member States have long struggled to reach agreement on key migration issues such as solidarity mechanisms and relocation quotas, &lt;strong&gt;one area of convergence has gradually emerged: externalisation.&lt;/strong&gt; Whether by delegating migration control to third countries, processing asylum applications outside European territory, or making development aid conditional on cooperation on returns, Member States with otherwise divergent political traditions have found common ground. This broad consensus helps explain the speed with which the post-Pact legislation has been adopted &lt;i&gt;(see the timeline).&lt;/i&gt; Externalisation has become the common thread running through the recent rotating Presidencies of the Council.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Spanish Presidency (second half of 2023) set the objective of concluding the trilogue negotiations on the Pact before the end of the European Parliament's term in June 2024 &lt;i&gt;(see the &#034;Pact: Overview&#034; section)&lt;/i&gt;. It was under this time pressure that an agreement was reached on 20 December 2023 &lt;i&gt;(see: &#034;Agreement between the European Parliament and the Council on Five Legislative Texts&#034;)&lt;/i&gt;. Clearly, this accelerated timetable did not allow for a thorough assessment of the impact of each regulation, particularly their externalisation components (as demonstrated by the timeline, no impact assessment was carried out, and no agreement was reached on the concepts of &#034;safe countries&#034;, which were postponed until 2026).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Danish Presidency (second half of 2025) pushed this logic even further. Denmark, one of the Member States most committed to developing so-called &#034;innovative&#034; solutions&#8212;having successively proposed processing asylum applications on a Danish island and negotiating an agreement with Rwanda in 2021&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Forum R&#233;fugi&#233;s, &#034;Danish Presidency of the Council of the EU: What to Expect (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&#8212;made it a priority to secure the Council's position before the end of its Presidency on 31 December 2025. Denmark's domestic political agenda, and its own ambitions regarding externalisation, thus directly shaped the accelerated pace of the reform of the Return Regulation and of the reforms to the concepts of &#034;safe third country&#034; and &#034;safe country of origin&#034;, with far-reaching consequences for fundamental rights &lt;i&gt;(see the &#034;Return&#034; and &#034;Asylum&#034; sections).&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Cypriot Presidency (first half of 2026) has continued along this trajectory, presenting itself as an &#034;implementation Presidency&#034;. Its central objective has been to conclude the trilogue negotiations on the Return Regulation by promoting its most coercive provisions: extending detention periods, broadening the grounds for detention, and strengthening enforceable return decisions. Cyprus, which recorded the third-highest number of expulsions in the European Union during the third quarter of 2025, has openly embraced this approach.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Across all three Presidencies, a common pattern emerges: &lt;strong&gt;the strategic use of supposed &#034;political urgency&#034; to advance a European agenda centred on externalisation and the gradual erosion of the EU's legal obligations.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;color: #B80000; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight;&#034;&gt;Second Half of 2026: Legislative Developments to Watch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The European Union's migration agenda does not end with the legislation already adopted. Several ongoing legislative processes deserve close attention, as they are likely to extend and deepen the trends outlined above.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;Facilitation Directive&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;i&gt;(see the &#034;Facilitation&#034; section)&lt;/i&gt;, concerning the criminalisation of assistance to people on the move, is one of the most sensitive files currently under discussion. In its current form, it risks further undermining the work of organisations and individuals providing support to people in migration by broadening the range of situations that may be criminalised as facilitating irregular entry or stay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;strong&gt;two policing regulations currently under negotiation&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;i&gt;(see the &#034;Frontex&#034; and &#034;Europol 2026&#034; sections)&lt;/i&gt; constitute another area requiring close scrutiny. They form part of a broader trend towards the further securitisation of borders and enhanced police cooperation on migration issues. This direction is already reflected in budgetary priorities, with spending on border control and returns expected to account for nearly 49% of the budget allocated to the European Union's Justice and Home Affairs agencies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In particular, the &lt;strong&gt;reform of the Frontex mandate&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;i&gt;(see the &#034;Frontex&#034; section)&lt;/i&gt;, scheduled for 2026 and championed by Commissioner Magnus Brunner, aims to expand the powers and resources (human, financial and operational) of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency. If this revision is adopted in the form advocated by the Commission, it will further strengthen the security-driven and externalised dimensions of European migration policy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Across all these legislative files, the composition of parliamentary majorities will be decisive. The alliance between the EPP and far-right groups, first tested during negotiations on the Return Regulation, could be reconstituted, durably reshaping legislative balances within the European Parliament across the entire field of migration and security policy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Texte written by Jeanne Olivet, May 25th, 2026.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Directive (EU) 2024/1346 laying down standards for the reception of applicants for international protection; Regulation (EU) 2024/1347 on standards for the qualification of third-country nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection; Regulation (EU) 2024/1348 establishing a common procedure for international protection; Regulation (EU) 2024/1349 establishing a border return procedure; Regulation (EU) 2024/1350 establishing a Union Resettlement and Humanitarian Admission Framework; Regulation (EU) 2024/1351 on asylum and migration management; Regulation (EU) 2024/1352 amending information systems for border screening; Regulation (EU) 2024/1356 introducing the screening of third-country nationals at the external borders; Regulation (EU) 2024/1358 on the Eurodac database; and Regulation (EU) 2024/1359 addressing situations of crisis and force majeure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For further information, see Migreurop's briefing note, &#034;26 March 2026 &#8211; Adoption of the European Return Regulation: The Death Knell of International Law&#034;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Migreurop, &#034;A Europe United Against Refugees&#034;, 26 October 2016.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Patriots for Europe&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;European Conservatives and Reformists&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Europe of Sovereign Nations&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Regulation (EU) No 603/2013 of 26 June 2013 on the establishment of Eurodac, creating a fingerprint comparison system for the application of the Dublin Regulation and granting access to law enforcement authorities and Europol, while amending the governance of European information systems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Council Regulation (EC) No 2007/2004 of 26 October 2004 establishing a European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Forum R&#233;fugi&#233;s, &#034;Danish Presidency of the Council of the EU: What to Expect on Asylum?&#034;, 21 July 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
		<enclosure url="https://migreurop.org/IMG/html/frise_legislative_migration_ue_v21_12_.html" length="53096" type="text/html" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Mission volontariat Bruxelles (2025/2026) - Acc&#233;l&#233;ration et brutalisation des r&#233;formes migratoires : une chronologie des l&#233;gislations europ&#233;ennes (2023-2026)</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3594.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3594.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-06-30T14:40:32Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Politiques migratoires</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Dans le cadre de son volontariat avec Migreurop et Euromed Droits &#224; Bruxelles (novembre 2025-mai 2026), Jeanne Olivet a suivi les n&#233;gociations des r&#233;formes migratoires europ&#233;ennes. Par cette frise chronologique, elle donne &#224; voir l'acc&#233;l&#233;ration et la brutalisation des politiques migratoires de l'UE. Elle propose &#233;galement une analyse des dynamiques &#224; l'&#339;uvre au sein des institutions europ&#233;ennes qui poussent vers des mesures de plus en plus r&#233;pressives. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Derni&#232;re mise &#224; jour : 25/06/2026. (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique460.html" rel="directory"&gt;Travaux des volontaires&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot204.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Politiques migratoires&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH129/capture_d_ecran_2026-06-30_164231-6d72d.png?1782830746' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='129' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dans le cadre de son volontariat avec Migreurop et Euromed Droits &#224; Bruxelles (novembre 2025-mai 2026), Jeanne Olivet a suivi les n&#233;gociations des r&#233;formes migratoires europ&#233;ennes. Par cette frise chronologique, elle donne &#224; voir l'acc&#233;l&#233;ration et la brutalisation des politiques migratoires de l'UE. Elle propose &#233;galement une analyse des dynamiques &#224; l'&#339;uvre au sein des institutions europ&#233;ennes qui poussent vers des mesures de plus en plus r&#233;pressives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;iframe src=&#034;https://migreurop.org/frise_legislative_migration_UE_v21.html&#034; width=&#034;930&#034; height=&#034;1000&#034; frameborder=&#034;0&#034; webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Derni&#232;re mise &#224; jour : 25/06/2026. Pour afficher la frise en page enti&#232;re, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/frise_legislative_migration_UE_v21.html&#034;&gt;cliquez ici&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Analyse de la frise chronologique&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;color: #B80000; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight;&#034;&gt;2025-2026 : Un encha&#238;nement ininterrompu de r&#233;formes attentatoires aux droits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette frise chronologique des &#233;volutions l&#233;gislatives europ&#233;ennes documente l'ensemble des textes adopt&#233;s ou en cours de n&#233;gociation au sein des institutions europ&#233;ennes, dans le prolongement du &lt;strong&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile. Le Pacte&lt;/strong&gt; a &#233;t&#233; adopt&#233; le 14 mai 2024 et est entr&#233; en application le 12 juin 2026. &lt;strong&gt;Compos&#233; de neuf r&#232;glements et d'une directive&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Directive (UE) 2024/1346 relative &#224; l'accueil des demandeurs de protection (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i&gt;(voir la frise - possibilit&#233; de rendre visible chaque r&#232;glement ou de le masquer)&lt;/i&gt;, ce Pacte est cens&#233; constituer une refonte d'ensemble du cadre juridique europ&#233;en en mati&#232;re migratoire. Il marque le d&#233;but de nombreuses r&#233;formes l&#233;gislatives en mati&#232;re d'immigration et d'asile &#224; l'&#233;chelle europ&#233;enne.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis, une s&#233;rie de r&#233;formes majeures a &#233;t&#233; adopt&#233;e de fa&#231;on exp&#233;ditive. D&#232;s le printemps 2025, trois nouveaux textes majeurs ont &#233;t&#233; propos&#233;s : le &lt;strong&gt;r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;&lt;/strong&gt; (mars 2025), la cr&#233;ation d'une &lt;strong&gt;liste europ&#233;enne de pays d'origine &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;&lt;/strong&gt; (avril 2025) et la &lt;strong&gt;r&#233;forme du concept de pays tiers &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;&lt;/strong&gt; (mai 2025). Ces deux derniers ont &#233;t&#233; adopt&#233;s conjointement moins d'un an plus tard, en f&#233;vrier 2026. Le r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187; a quant &#224; lui &#233;t&#233; adopt&#233; le mercredi 17 juin 2026, &#224; la suite de n&#233;gociations particuli&#232;rement rapides (position du Parlement adopt&#233;e en mars 2026, fin des n&#233;gociations en trilogues le 1er juin 2026).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La premi&#232;re liste europ&#233;enne de pays d'origine &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;i&gt;(voir dans la frise, le dossier &#8220;Asile &#8211; pays d'origine s&#251;rs&#8221;) &lt;/i&gt; comprenant le Bangladesh, la Colombie, l'&#201;gypte, le Kosovo, l'Inde, le Maroc et la Tunisie ouvre la voie &#224; l'obligation de proc&#233;dures acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;es pour les ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s de ces pays, en affaiblissant ainsi leurs garanties proc&#233;durales. Le m&#234;me jour, l&lt;strong&gt;'&#233;largissement du concept de pays tiers s&#251;r&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt; (voir dossier &#8220;Asile &#8211; pays tiers s&#251;rs&#8221;) &lt;/i&gt; &#233;tait ent&#233;rin&#233;. Cette notion n'est pas nouvelle : auparavant, un lien de connexion entre la personne et le pays (nationalit&#233;, transit ou s&#233;jour) &#233;tait n&#233;cessaire. D&#233;sormais, ce lien n'est plus requis, et un simple accord ou arrangement entre &#201;tats membres (ou l'UE) et &#201;tats tiers suffit, y compris vers des pays que la personne concern&#233;e n'a jamais foul&#233;. La cat&#233;gorie de &#171; pays s&#251;r &#187; devient ainsi un outil pour permettre aux &#201;tats europ&#233;ens de s'affranchir de leurs obligations internationales plut&#244;t qu'une garantie de protection effective.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le &lt;strong&gt;nouveau r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187; &lt;/strong&gt; &lt;i&gt;(voir dossier &#8220;Retour&#8221;)&lt;/i&gt; marque un durcissement significatif des r&#232;gles de d&#233;tention et d'expulsion des personnes &#233;trang&#232;res. L'enfermement devient g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233; avec un &#233;largissement des motifs et des cat&#233;gories de personnes concern&#233;es, y compris pour les personnes dites vuln&#233;rables. La dur&#233;e maximale de d&#233;tention est port&#233;e de 18 &#224; 24 mois, avec des possibilit&#233;s de prolongation en cas de menace &#224; l'ordre public ou &#224; la s&#233;curit&#233; nationale. De plus, le r&#232;glement &#8216;retour' permet le renvoi vers des plateformes d'expulsion (return hubs) &#224; l'ext&#233;rieur et hors du contr&#244;le de l'UE pour y envoyer de force les personnes expuls&#233;es du territoire europ&#233;en, dans le cadre d'accords formels ou informels conclus entre &#201;tats membres ou l'UE et &#201;tats &#8220;tiers&#8221;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour plus d'informations consulter la note d'analyse de Migreurop, &#171; 26 mars (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette succession de r&#233;formes portent les attaques envers les droits des personnes migrantes &#224; un niveau sans pr&#233;c&#233;dent dans l'histoire de l'Union europ&#233;enne, en donnant un feu vert aux vell&#233;it&#233;s les plus r&#233;pressives des &#201;tats membres. La frise chronologique ci-dessus permet de comprendre comment, ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es, les reconfigurations de l'espace institutionnel europ&#233;en ont permis cette brutalisation des politiques migratoires.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;color: #B80000; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight;&#034;&gt;2024 : Un basculement historique in&#233;dit en faveur de l'extr&#234;me droite&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les concepts mobilis&#233;s dans ces derni&#232;res r&#233;formes s'inscrivent dans la continuit&#233; historique des politiques de l'UE en mati&#232;re migratoire. Pays &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;, proc&#233;dures acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;es, externalisation des proc&#233;dures d'asile et de l'expulsion : &lt;strong&gt;ces id&#233;es ne sont pas nouvelles, mais reviennent de mani&#232;re cyclique depuis plus de vingt ans.&lt;/strong&gt; D&#232;s 2003, Tony Blair proposait d&#233;j&#224; des centres de traitement des demandes d'asile hors de l'UE, proposition reprise entre autres en 2015 par Viktor Orb&#225;n sous forme de &#171; camps de r&#233;fugi&#233;s hors de l'UE &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Migreurop, &#171; Une Europe unie contre les r&#233;fugi&#233;s &#187;, 26 octobre 2016.&#034; id=&#034;nh3-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Jusqu'&#224; r&#233;cemment, ces propositions &#233;taient bloqu&#233;es ou att&#233;nu&#233;es par une opposition politique et sociale suffisamment forte. En 2016, la r&#233;forme du r&#233;gime d'asile europ&#233;en commun propos&#233;e par la Commission, puis celle du r&#232;glement Dublin III, n'avait pas abouti. De m&#234;me, la r&#233;forme de la directive retour en 2018 &#233;tait rest&#233;e paralys&#233;e pendant plusieurs ann&#233;es, gr&#226;ce &#224; une r&#233;sistance politique permettant de pr&#233;server les garanties li&#233;es aux droits fondamentaux.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aujourd'hui, cette r&#233;sistance a c&#233;d&#233;. Ce basculement tient &#224; une recomposition politique majeure op&#233;r&#233;e lors des &#233;lections europ&#233;ennes de juin 2024, qui ont marqu&#233; un net virage &#224; droite du Parlement europ&#233;en. &lt;/strong&gt; Le PPE (Parti Populaire Europ&#233;en) s'est impos&#233; comme premier groupe avec 188 si&#232;ges, tandis que les Patriotes pour l'Europe devenaient la troisi&#232;me force politique du Parlement avec 85 si&#232;ges. Sur les questions migratoires, ces deux blocs convergent : durcissement des conditions d'acc&#232;s &#224; la protection internationale, criminalisation accrue des migrations, r&#233;affirmation de la souverainet&#233; des &#201;tats face aux obligations issues du droit international. Ce consensus se retrouve &#233;galement &#224; la Commission europ&#233;enne, incarn&#233; par le Commissaire aux Affaires int&#233;rieures Magnus Brunner, qui d&#233;fend notamment l'&#233;largissement des comp&#233;tences de Frontex et l'am&#233;lioration de l'interop&#233;rabilit&#233; des fichiers biom&#233;triques, comme le pr&#233;voit le Pacte. L'espace institutionnel dans les instances europ&#233;ennes pour une opposition fond&#233;e sur les droits humains s'en trouve aujourd'hui structurellement r&#233;duit, ce qui explique que ces r&#233;formes soient adopt&#233;es sans aucune difficult&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Avant 2024, les partis mod&#233;r&#233;s au sein du Parlement europ&#233;en refusaient de s'allier aux groupes d'extr&#234;me droite, que ce soit sur des votes, des r&#233;solutions ou des nominations. &lt;strong&gt;Ce cordon sanitaire a saut&#233;, comme le montre l'acc&#233;l&#233;ration des n&#233;gociations europ&#233;ennes sur les dossiers migratoires.&lt;/strong&gt; Le PPE n'h&#233;site plus &#224; former des coalitions avec les partis d'extr&#234;me droite pour faire adopter des textes, comme l'a d&#233;montr&#233; le vote sur le r&#232;glement &#8220;retour&#8221; en Commission LIBE, o&#249; une alliance in&#233;dite PPE&#8211;EfP&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Europe des patriotes pour l'Europe&#034; id=&#034;nh3-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&#8211;ECR&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Conservateurs et r&#233;formistes europ&#233;ens&#034; id=&#034;nh3-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&#8211;ESN&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Europe des nations souveraines&#034; id=&#034;nh3-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; a permis l'adoption d'un texte plus restrictif que celui initialement propos&#233; par le rapporteur M.Azmani du groupe Renew.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ce glissement n'est pas apparu du jour au lendemain. Il est le produit d'une normalisation progressive, sur trente ans, de r&#233;cits qui associent migration, ins&#233;curit&#233; et criminalit&#233;. &lt;/strong&gt; Cela avait d&#233;j&#224; donn&#233; lieu auparavant &#224; des &#8220;paquets asile&#8221;, anc&#234;tres du Pacte, en 2003 et 2013 permettant la cr&#233;ation de syst&#232;mes de contr&#244;le et de surveillance comme Eurodac&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;R&#232;glement (UE) n&#176; 603/2013 du 26 juin 2013 relatif &#224; Eurodac, &#233;tablissant un (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, ou encore la cr&#233;ation de l'agence europ&#233;enne de garde-c&#244;tes et garde-fronti&#232;res Frontex&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;R&#232;glement (CE) n&#176; 2007/2004 du Conseil du 26 octobre 2004 portant cr&#233;ation (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En inscrivant ces repr&#233;sentations &#224; l'agenda politique, et d&#233;sormais l&#233;gislatif, les d&#233;cideur&#183;euse&#183;s ont cr&#233;&#233; les conditions de production de textes l&#233;gislatifs dans l'urgence, s'affranchissant des exigences d&#233;mocratiques, notamment la r&#233;alisation d'&#233;tudes d'impact.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;color: #B80000; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight;&#034;&gt;2023-2026 : Des n&#233;gociations sous pression qui renforcent et &#233;largissent l'externalisation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si les &#201;tats membres de l'Union europ&#233;enne peinent structurellement &#224; s'accorder sur certaines questions migratoires comme sur le syst&#232;me de solidarit&#233; et les quotas de relocalisation, &lt;strong&gt;un point de convergence s'est progressivement impos&#233; : l'externalisation.&lt;/strong&gt; D&#233;l&#233;guer le contr&#244;le migratoire &#224; des pays tiers, traiter les demandes d'asile hors du territoire europ&#233;en, conditionner l'aide au d&#233;veloppement &#224; la coop&#233;ration en mati&#232;re de retours : voil&#224; ce sur quoi des &#201;tats aux traditions politiques diff&#233;rentes parviennent &#224; s'entendre. C'est pr&#233;cis&#233;ment ce consensus qui explique la rapidit&#233; avec laquelle les textes post-Pacte ont &#233;t&#233; adopt&#233;s &lt;i&gt;(voir la frise). &lt;/i&gt; L'externalisation est le fil conducteur dans l'ensemble des pr&#233;sidences r&#233;centes du Conseil.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La pr&#233;sidence espagnole (second semestre 2023) s'est fix&#233; pour objectif de boucler les trilogues sur le Pacte avant la fin du mandat du Parlement europ&#233;en, en juin 2024 &lt;i&gt;(voir dossier &#8220;Pacte : vue d'ensemble&#8221;).&lt;/i&gt; C'est sous cette pression calendaire qu'un accord a &#233;t&#233; trouv&#233; le 20 d&#233;cembre 2023 &lt;i&gt;(voir : &#8220;Accord du parlement et du conseil de l'UE sur 5 textes&#8221;).&lt;/i&gt; De toute &#233;vidence, ce rythme soutenu n'a pas permis un examen approfondi des impacts de chaque r&#232;glement, et notamment des volets sur l'externalisation (comme le d&#233;montre la frise, pas d'&#233;tude d'impact et pas d'accord sur les concepts de &#8220;pays s&#251;rs&#8221;, qui a &#233;t&#233; report&#233; &#224; plus tard, en 2026).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La pr&#233;sidence danoise (second semestre 2025) a pouss&#233; cette logique plus loin encore. Le Danemark, l'un des &#201;tats membres les plus engag&#233;s dans la recherche de solutions &#8220;innovantes&#8221; (ayant envisag&#233; tour &#224; tour le traitement des demandes d'asile sur une &#238;le danoise et un accord avec le Rwanda en 2021&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Forum r&#233;fugi&#233;s, &#171; Pr&#233;sidence danoise du Conseil de l'UE : &#224; quoi s'attendre (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;), s'est fix&#233; pour objectif de faire adopter la position du Conseil avant l'expiration de sa pr&#233;sidence le 31 d&#233;cembre 2025. L'agenda politique national danois, et ses ambitions propres en mati&#232;re d'externalisation, ont ainsi directement conditionn&#233; le tempo &#233;lev&#233; de la r&#233;forme du r&#232;glement retour et les r&#233;formes des concepts de &#8220;pays tiers s&#251;r&#8221; et &#8220;pays d'origine s&#251;r&#8221;, aux cons&#233;quences majeures pour les droits fondamentaux &lt;i&gt;(voir : dossier &#8220;Retour&#8221;, et dossiers &#8220;Asile&#8221;).&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La pr&#233;sidence chypriote (premier semestre 2026) prolonge cette trajectoire en se positionnant comme une &#171; pr&#233;sidence de mise en &#339;uvre &#187;. Son ambition centrale est de conclure le trilogue concernant le r&#232;glement &#8216;retour' en valorisant ses &#233;l&#233;ments les plus coercitifs : allongement des dur&#233;es de r&#233;tention, &#233;largissement des motifs de d&#233;tention, renforcement des d&#233;cisions de renvoi ex&#233;cutoires &lt;i&gt;(voir : dossier &#8220;Retour&#8221;)&lt;/i&gt;. Chypre, qui a enregistr&#233; le troisi&#232;me nombre d'expulsions le plus &#233;lev&#233; de l'Union au troisi&#232;me trimestre 2025, assume pleinement cette orientation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce que ces trois pr&#233;sidences ont en commun, c'est d'avoir mobilis&#233; leur mandat pour faire progresser, dans l'urgence, un projet de l'Union europ&#233;enne qui externalise ses fronti&#232;res tout en organisant un d&#233;sengagement progressif de ses obligations juridiques.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;color: #B80000; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight;&#034;&gt;Deuxi&#232;me semestre 2026 : les textes &#224; surveiller&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'agenda l&#233;gislatif europ&#233;en en mati&#232;re migratoire ne s'arr&#234;te pas aux textes d&#233;j&#224; adopt&#233;s. Plusieurs chantiers en cours m&#233;ritent une attention particuli&#232;re, car ils pourraient prolonger et approfondir les dynamiques d&#233;crites ici.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;directive facilitation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;i&gt; (voir : dossier &#8220;Facilitation&#8221;)&lt;/i&gt;, qui porte sur la criminalisation de l'aide aux personnes exil&#233;es, est l'un des dossiers les plus sensibles. Dans sa version actuelle, elle risque de fragiliser davantage le travail des associations et des individus qui viennent en aide aux personnes en migration, en &#233;largissant les situations pouvant &#234;tre qualifi&#233;es p&#233;nalement d'aide &#224; l'entr&#233;e ou au s&#233;jour irr&#233;gulier.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les &lt;strong&gt;deux r&#232;glements policiers en discussion&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;i&gt;(voir : dossier &#8220;Frontex&#8221; et dossier &#8220;Europol 2026&#8221;)&lt;/i&gt; constituent un autre terrain &#224; surveiller. Ils s'inscrivent dans une logique de s&#233;curisation accrue des fronti&#232;res et de coop&#233;ration polici&#232;re renforc&#233;e sur les questions migratoires ; une orientation lisible dans les arbitrages budg&#233;taires, o&#249; les d&#233;penses li&#233;es au contr&#244;le aux fronti&#232;res et aux retours devraient capter pr&#232;s de 49 % du budget des agences de Justice et affaires int&#233;rieures de l'Union europ&#233;enne.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En particulier, la &lt;strong&gt;r&#233;forme du mandat de Frontex&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;i&gt;(voir : dossier &#8220;Frontex&#8221;)&lt;/i&gt;, pr&#233;vue pour 2026 et port&#233;e par le Commissaire Magnus Brunner, vise &#224; &#233;largir les comp&#233;tences et les moyens (humains, financiers, mat&#233;riels) de l'agence europ&#233;enne de garde-fronti&#232;res et de garde-c&#244;tes. Si cette r&#233;vision aboutit dans le sens souhait&#233; par la Commission, elle renforcera encore davantage le volet s&#233;curitaire et ext&#233;rieure de la politique migratoire europ&#233;enne.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sur chacun de ces textes, la question de la majorit&#233; parlementaire sera d&#233;terminante. L'alliance entre le PPE et les groupes d'extr&#234;me droite, qui a &#233;t&#233; exp&#233;riment&#233;e sur le r&#232;glement &#8220;retour&#8221;, pourrait se reconstituer, reconfigurant durablement les &#233;quilibres l&#233;gislatifs au Parlement europ&#233;en sur l'ensemble du champ migratoire et s&#233;curitaire.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Texte &#233;crit par Jeanne Olivet, le 25 mai 2026.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Directive (UE) 2024/1346 relative &#224; l'accueil des demandeurs de protection internationale ; r&#232;glement (UE) 2024/1347 sur les conditions d'octroi de la protection internationale ; r&#232;glement (UE) 2024/1348 &#233;tablissant une proc&#233;dure commune d'asile ; r&#232;glement (UE) 2024/1349 instituant une proc&#233;dure de retour &#224; la fronti&#232;re ; r&#232;glement (UE) 2024/1350 sur la r&#233;installation et l'admission humanitaire ; r&#232;glement (UE) 2024/1351 relatif &#224; la gestion de l'asile et de la migration ; r&#232;glement (UE) 2024/1352 modifiant les syst&#232;mes d'information pour le filtrage aux fronti&#232;res ; r&#232;glement (UE) 2024/1356 &#233;tablissant le filtrage des ressortissants de pays tiers aux fronti&#232;res ext&#233;rieures ; et r&#232;glement (UE) 2024/1358 relatif &#224; la base de donn&#233;es Eurodac, ainsi que r&#232;glement (UE) 2024/1359 relatif aux situations de crise et de force majeure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour plus d'informations consulter la note d'analyse de Migreurop, &#171; 26 mars 2026 &#8211; Adoption du r&#232;glement europ&#233;en &#8220;retour&#8221; : la mise &#224; mort du droit international &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Migreurop, &#171; Une Europe unie contre les r&#233;fugi&#233;s &#187;, 26 octobre 2016.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Europe des patriotes pour l'Europe&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Conservateurs et r&#233;formistes europ&#233;ens&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Europe des nations souveraines&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;R&#232;glement (UE) n&#176; 603/2013 du 26 juin 2013 relatif &#224; Eurodac, &#233;tablissant un syst&#232;me de comparaison des empreintes digitales pour l'application du r&#232;glement Dublin et permettant l'acc&#232;s des autorit&#233;s r&#233;pressives et d'Europol, tout en modifiant le cadre de gestion des syst&#232;mes d'information europ&#233;ens.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;R&#232;glement (CE) n&#176; 2007/2004 du Conseil du 26 octobre 2004 portant cr&#233;ation d'une Agence europ&#233;enne pour la gestion de la coop&#233;ration op&#233;rationnelle aux fronti&#232;res ext&#233;rieures des &#201;tats membres de l'Union europ&#233;enne.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Forum r&#233;fugi&#233;s, &#171; Pr&#233;sidence danoise du Conseil de l'UE : &#224; quoi s'attendre en mati&#232;re d'asile ? &#187;, 21 juillet 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Volunteer programme in Brussels (2025/2026) - EU Updates - March/May 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3597.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3597.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-06-11T09:28:24Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Forced returns</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Hotspot</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Detention</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;As part of her volunteering mission with Migreurop in partnership with Euromed Rights in Brussels (2025-2026), Jeanne Olivet publishes a trimonthly column in which she summarises the latest news on European migration policies. Here are the EU updates for the period from March to May 2026. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; Toward the imminent adoption of the &#8220;return&#8221; regulation &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
On March 26, 2026, the European Parliament confirmed in plenary session the negotiating mandate on the reform of the 2008 &#8220;Return&#8221; Directive (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique460.html" rel="directory"&gt;Volunteers' works&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot204.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Forced returns&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot167.html" rel="tag"&gt;Hotspot&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Detention&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH99/beymedias_brightspotcdn-4-2-1b0ff.jpg?1781170226' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='99' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;As part of her volunteering mission with Migreurop in partnership with Euromed Rights in Brussels (2025-2026), Jeanne Olivet publishes a trimonthly column in which she summarises the latest news on European migration policies. Here are the EU updates for the period from March to May 2026.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Toward the imminent adoption of the &#8220;return&#8221; regulation&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On March 26, 2026, the European Parliament confirmed in plenary session the negotiating mandate on the reform of the 2008 &#8220;Return&#8221; Directive (adopted by the LIBE Committee on March 9), paving the way for trilogue negotiations. With 389 votes in favor, 206 against, and 32 abstentions, and driven by an alliance between the right and the far right, &lt;strong&gt;the Parliament's text further tightens the European Commission's proposal&lt;/strong&gt;, which already represented a significant set back for the rights of people on the move. As shown by &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3560.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Migreurop's analysis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;the text institutionalizes the detention of migrants&lt;/strong&gt; with a period of administrative detention extended to 24 months (extendable in certain cases), the legalization of externalized migration management, and the removal of the automatic suspensive effect of appeals against deportations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Negotiations took place, and a final compromise was adopted on June 1, 2026, following the final trilogue. A vote by the LIBE Committee&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Parliamentary Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice, and Home Affairs&#034; id=&#034;nh4-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; is scheduled for June 24, prior to a plenary vote for the official adoption of the text, expected in early July 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Attacks on the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR): European States Willing to Do Anything to Deport&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;color: #B80000; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight;&#034;&gt;Reform or Circumvent? Member States on the Offensive Against the European Court of Human Rights&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For the past year, EU member states have repeatedly challenged the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). This is &lt;a href=&#034;https://eclj.org/asylum/echr/lexpulsion-des-etrangers-delinquants-et-criminels-a-lepreuve-de-la-jurisprudence-europeenne?lng=fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;the second time&lt;/a&gt; in the Court's history that such an offensive against the European judiciary has taken place.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In May 2025, nine member states signed an open letter calling for a review of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights,&lt;/strong&gt; specifically targeting Articles 3 (stating that no one may be subjected to torture or inhuman or degrading treatment) and 8 (which protects individuals' private and family life&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Right to respect for private and family life: 1. Everyone has the right to (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;). These States claim that the ECHR is an obstacle to their immigration policies, insofar as Articles 3 and 8 prevent the deportation of convicted foreign nationals. They are calling for a more lenient interpretation that would allow them to implement a faster deportation policy, one that offers less protection for the rights of the individuals concerned due to reduced safeguards.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On December 10, 2025, 46 ministers of the Council of Europe also adopted &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.coe.int/fr/web/portal/-/migration-challenges-council-of-europe-ministers-call-for-political-declaration-on-rights&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;a series of conclusions&lt;/a&gt; calling for &#8220;&lt;strong&gt;a rebalancing of fundamental rights and security imperatives&lt;/strong&gt; &#034; in the interpretation of the Convention, ahead of the Council of Europe summit on May 15, 2026, in Chisinau (see below).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Denmark &lt;/strong&gt; is taking this bold new approach even further. Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen announced &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/69643/ denmark-wants-to-speed-up-the-deportation-of-foreigners-convicted-by-the-courts&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;a bill for summer 2026&lt;/a&gt; providing for the automatic deportation of any foreign national sentenced to at least one year in prison. The Danish government itself acknowledges that this law goes beyond the scope of the ECHR but stands by it. It is a &lt;strong&gt;strategy of deliberate transgression&lt;/strong&gt;: flouting individual rights, then amending national/European law to legalize what was previously illegal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;color: #B80000; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight;&#034;&gt;The Chisinau Declaration: A Barely Veiled Pressure on the European Court of Human Rights&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On May 15, 2026, meeting in Moldova, the Council of Europe adopted a political declaration setting out its expectations regarding the European Court of Human Rights. The text is deeply contradictory: on the one hand, it proclaims commitment to the Convention and the Court, while on the other hand it urges the latter to &#8220;address the challenges&#8221; related to migration. Rather than questioning their own obsession with deportation, &lt;strong&gt;the signatory states have chosen to pressure European judges at the expense of the Convention's safeguards.&lt;/strong&gt; Paragraph 16 of the declaration thus warns that failure to take into account the expectations of the States Parties to the Court &#8220;could undermine public confidence in the Convention system.&#8221; This is a barely veiled threat, revealing the strategy of discrediting the Court that the States are prepared to employ if its case law does not become more flexible.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The declaration also incorporates language already present in the European Pact on Migration and Asylum, notably the terms &#8220;mass arrivals&#8221; and &#8220;the exploitation of migrants by a hostile state or actor&#8221; (&#167;&#167; 34&#8211;40). These concepts pave the way for a &lt;strong&gt;further erosion of the rights of people on the move, potentially leading to the temporary suspension of the processing of asylum applications&lt;/strong&gt; (a practice already employed by some European states, such as Greece and Poland).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Finally, the text praises &#8220;innovative solutions,&#8221; including &lt;i&gt;return hubs&lt;/i&gt; (third countries transformed into deportation hubs, outsourced camps) and the externalization of the processing of asylum claims&#8212;two mechanisms that increasingly distance states from their obligations under the Convention.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Thus, &lt;strong&gt;states are increasingly resorting to authoritarian measures to push through their immigration reforms&lt;/strong&gt; and view the judiciary as an obstacle to the implementation of measures that infringe upon fundamental rights. For example, the Italian government accuses &#8220;red&#8221; judges of interfering in the country's political affairs&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Lina SANKARI &#8220;In Italy, Giorgia Meloni Launches a Hunt for Judges,&#8221; (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Implementation of the European Pact on Asylum and Migration: Radical Changes at the EU's Borders&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;color: #B80000; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight;&#034;&gt;The introduction of screening and the implementation of substandard asylum procedures&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The European Pact on Asylum and Migration, which will take effect in Member States on June 12, 2026, brings about profound changes in border areas. The &lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L_202401356&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&#8220;screening&#8221; regulation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; and its associated procedure are unique to the Pact&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For more information, see the ANAFE analysis: &#8220;Border Controls and (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. This screening involves &lt;strong&gt;a procedure for checking and sorting individuals&lt;/strong&gt; who do not meet the conditions for entry into the EU, or who have been disembarked following a search and rescue operation, or who have requested international protection at a border crossing point.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The screening process includes: a health check, a vulnerability assessment, identification or identity verification, the collection of biometric data, a security check, and then referral to the appropriate procedure:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Screening at external borders:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Individuals who have not filed an asylum application are considered not to have entered the territory, in order to facilitate their removal: the procedures set forth in the &#8220;Return&#8221; Directive are applied to them;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Individuals seeking protection are categorized into those authorized to enter the territory to file an asylum application or a request for protection as minors (unaccompanied minors), and those subject to the &#8220;asylum at the border&#8221; procedure. Individuals are placed under the &#8220;asylum at the border&#8221; procedure if the recognition rate for international protection for their country of nationality or habitual residence is 20% or less (at the European level), or if they are suspected of posing a threat to public order. &lt;strong&gt;If the asylum application is denied, individuals are immediately referred to the &#8220;return at the border&#8221; procedure for removal. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Individuals subject to relocation (solidarity mechanism for reception) are referred to the authorities of the relevant Member States&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Individuals who have not already been &#034;screened&#034; at the external borders may be subject to &lt;strong&gt;screening within the territory&lt;/strong&gt;, for instance if they are arrested at internal Schengen borders or on the territory of a EU member state.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The &#8220;asylum at the border&#8221; procedure&lt;/strong&gt; combines two approaches: the identification and sorting process of the &lt;i&gt;hotspot&lt;/i&gt; approach, which has been in place since 2015 with hotspots on Greek and Italian islands, and the legal fiction of &#8220;non-entry&#8221; into European territory, which was already applied at the French borders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;The &#8220;hotspot&#8221; approach&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop's explanatory video (2020) &#8220;Hotspots: True Camps of Shame&#8221;: (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; aims to organize the sorting at EU borders between people accepted by the European Union (on-site or via relocation to another Member State) and those deemed &#8220;undesirable&#8221; and sent back directly from the border. While the screening process is underway, people seeking protection remain at the EU's borders and are deprived of their liberty.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;The &#8220;fiction of non-entry&#8221;&lt;/strong&gt; consists of maintaining individuals who are physically present on the territory in a status of &#8220;non-entry,&#8221; thereby creating a zone of legal uncertainty within which discretionary power is exercised outside the ordinary legal safeguards&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For example, detaining asylum seekers and minors in holding areas at the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. In practice, with the implementation of the Pact, &lt;strong&gt;individuals subject to the &#8220;asylum at the border&#8221; procedure will be physically present on the territory and at the disposal of the authorities for the entire duration of the accelerated review of their asylum application, but will be legally considered not to have entered the territory, which allows states to deport them more easily.&lt;/strong&gt; Territorial continuity&#8212;the principle that the same legal rules apply throughout an entire territory&#8212;is thus suspended, paving the way for the application of lower standards. Currently, the &#8220;fiction of non-entry&#8221; rule is limited to 26 days in French &#034;waiting zones&#034;&lt;i&gt; (zones d'attente)&lt;/i&gt;; but under the Pact, &lt;strong&gt;it may be applicable at the borders of the Schengen Area for a period of up to 6 months&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;To this must be added the duration of the screening procedure, which can (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;color: #B80000; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight;&#034;&gt;Implementation Plans for the Pact: Member States Do Not Appear Ready&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On May 8, 2026, the European Commission published &lt;a href=&#034;https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/8a0aa873-859c -48b4-9f14-29674238393a_en?filename=Communication_State%20of%20play%20on%20the%20implementation%20of%20the%20Pact%20on%20Migration%20and%20Asylum.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;a progress report on the implementation of the Pact&lt;/a&gt; at the national level. The picture painted is intended to be &#8220;reassuring&#8221; for European and national institutions: five states have reportedly already adopted the bulk of their legislation, 11 others are in the process of doing so, and 15 are said to have reception capacities deemed &#8220;adequate.&#8221; The Commission also emphasizes &#8220;preventing leaks,&#8221; with screening tests conducted by Frontex, the European Asylum Support Office (EUAA), and Europol in Lampedusa and Sicily, as well as a &#8220;toolkit&#8221; provided to Member States. However, this assessment hides another reality:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; With regard to &lt;strong&gt;France&lt;/strong&gt;, the government's intention&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Announced during Interior Minister L. Nu&#241;ez's hearing before the Law (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; is to subject the majority of people arriving at the external borders to &#8220;asylum procedures at the border.&#8221; The Ministry of the Interior has even announced a provision allowing the scope of border procedures to be extended to groups other than those defined by the Convention. To date, we do not know which additional groups are involved. Nevertheless, the current capacity in holding areas and Administrative Detention Centers (CRA) in France is insufficient to detain all individuals subject to border procedures. The Minister of the Interior announced during his Senate hearing on April 29, 2026, that by the end of 2026, France will have built new detention facilities specifically designed for the border asylum procedure, based on the model of the Cergy-Pontoise center&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;The Cergy-Pontoise asylum application registration center is a &#8220;pilot site&#8221; (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The plan for implementing the Pact includes &#8220;alternatives to detention,&#8221; notably through the adoption of a provision &lt;strong&gt;for a house arrest order. &lt;/strong&gt; This would apply to asylum applications at the border, and individuals would be housed in &#8220;accommodation centers&#8221; with &#8220;adequate capacity,&#8221; with no further information provided regarding the status of these facilities.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; In the case of &lt;strong&gt;Spain&lt;/strong&gt;, the government stated in its &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.interior.gob.es/opencms/ca/servicios-al-ciudadano/pacto-europeo-de-migracion-y-asilo/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Pact Implementation Plan&lt;/a&gt; published in late 2024 that no detention centers specifically intended for border procedures would be created. To meet the capacity requirements set by the EU, Spain plans to use the CATE&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Centros de Atenci&#243;n Temporal de Extranjeros&#034; id=&#034;nh4-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, the CIE&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Centro de Internamiento de Extranjeros&#034; id=&#034;nh4-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, and reception centers, stating that: &#8220;There will be no centers dedicated exclusively to border procedures.&#8221; If this guideline is followed, then border procedures will be carried out in spaces &#8220;on the mainland,&#8221; as the plan does not mention the need to change the status of these spaces. However, these statements date from late 2024, but the Spanish plan may have changed, as &lt;strong&gt;the Canary Islands government says it fears the archipelago will become &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.eldiario.es/canariasahora/sociedad/canarias-reclama-pacto-europeo-migracion-asilo-no-convierta-islas-gran-centro-retencion_1_13193808.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;a large detention center&#8221;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&#8221;&lt;/strong&gt;. It should be noted that, with less than a month to go before the Pact takes effect, the Canary Islands government has still not been included in the discussions, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www3.gobiernodecanarias.org/noticias/canarias-alerta-a-bruselas-de-que-continua-sin-recibir-ninguna-informacion-sobre-el-pacto-migratorio/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;according to Octavio Caraballo&lt;/a&gt; (Deputy Advisor to the Presidency of the Canary Islands Government), who states: &#8220;We know nothing; we haven't even been informed about matters within our jurisdiction, such as those concerning minors.&#8221;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; In &lt;strong&gt;Italy&lt;/strong&gt;, border procedures will not be limited to the existing border detention facilities, as Italy does not have sufficient infrastructure to place all individuals subject to border procedure &#8220;at the disposal of the authorities&#8221;. Consequently, &lt;strong&gt;this country will use alternatives to detention such as house arrest&lt;/strong&gt; with a restricted perimeter around the home, or &lt;strong&gt;reporting to reception centers&lt;/strong&gt; several times a day. If individuals do not accept these terms, they could lose their material reception conditions.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At this stage, we have little information about other European countries. However, &lt;strong&gt;the logic of control and the permanent &#8220;availability&#8221; of migrants appears to be the common denominator across all planned procedures.&lt;/strong&gt; Nevertheless, the concrete details of how these procedures will be implemented (facilities and management of detention centers) remain largely unknown. This lack of transparency is partly due to the considerable delay on the part of most Member States in transposing the Pact into national law.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Externalization: A Reshaping of Relations Between the EU and &#8220;Third&#8221; Countries&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For the past six months, one priority has consistently dominated the agenda of member states: ensuring that deportations are carried out. Deporting someone requires that the country of origin agree to &#8220;take back&#8221; its nationals, which entails issuing a consular laissez-passer. When this document is missing, the procedure is halted. It is from this impasse that, since the 2000s, an increasingly explicit political response has emerged: making relations with third countries contingent on their level of cooperation regarding readmission.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We observe that the European Union is shifting from a logic of reward, where cooperative countries benefit from advantages (granting of visas, preferential access to its market, and development aid), to a &lt;strong&gt;logic of sanction, where non-cooperative countries lose existing benefits/agreements. &lt;/strong&gt; This approach is taking shape in three distinct types of instruments, either already adopted or currently under negotiation:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; The first is commercial. On April 28, 2026, the European Parliament adopted the &lt;a href=&#034;https://euobserver.com/213825/meps-vote-to-slap-tariffs-on-countries-that-refuse-to-take-back-migrants/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;reform of the Generalized System of Preferences&lt;/a&gt; with 459 votes in favor and 127 against. This mechanism, which since 1971 has allowed countries in the Global South to export to the EU at reduced tariffs, includes a &lt;strong&gt;&#8220;readmission conditionality&#8221;&lt;/strong&gt;: a country deemed uncooperative in the readmission of its nationals may have its tariff benefits revoked. The link between cooperation on deportations and access to the European market is now explicit. &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.eunews.it/en/2026/04/29/ eu-trade-reform-generalised-system-of-preferences-approved-but-clashes-erupt-over-repatriation-and-rice/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Cristina Guarda (Greens, Italy) denounced a mechanism&lt;/a&gt; which she describes as &#8220;neo-colonial,&#8221; arguing that Europe is subordinating its development aid to migration imperatives at the expense of its values.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; The second lever is budgetary. In &lt;a href=&#034;https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/eu-budget/long-term-eu-budget/eu-budget-2028-2034_en&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;the negotiations on the 2028&#8211;2034 multiannual financial framework&lt;/a&gt;, the Commission is proposing &#8364;81 billion for home affairs&#8212;three times more than in the previous period&#8212;including &#8364;34 billion specifically allocated to strengthening external borders. Beyond the amount, it is the logic of allocation that is significant: &lt;strong&gt;funding for third countries would be conditional not on respect for human rights, but on the level of cooperation on readmission.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; The third tool is &lt;strong&gt;visa policy&lt;/strong&gt;. The Commission's &lt;a href=&#034;https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/fr/qanda_26_218&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;roadmap&lt;/a&gt; calls for stricter oversight of visa waiver programs and the introduction of new restrictive measures: suspension or reduction of visas granted to nationals of &#8220;non-cooperative&#8221; countries, increased costs, and prioritization of procedures for individuals with &#8220;high added value.&#8221;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Underlying these measures is a fundamental trend: &lt;strong&gt;negative migration conditionality&lt;/strong&gt;, which is evident in all these changes&#8212;whether already adopted or still to come&#8212;that will significantly influence diplomatic relations with non-EU countries, extending far beyond migration issues.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Europol and Frontex Under Construction: Toward an Increasingly Security-Focused Europe&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Little is known about the new reforms to the mandates of Frontex and Europol, other than their timeline.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For &lt;strong&gt;Europol&lt;/strong&gt;, the &lt;strong&gt;Commission's proposal is scheduled for June 2026&lt;/strong&gt;. Magnus Brunner, the European Commissioner for Home Affairs and Migration, addressed the LIBE Committee on March 19, 2026. He wants to strengthen Europol's data-sharing capabilities with other European agencies and the private sector. He aims to make this agency a &#8220;truly operational&#8221; player, to fill information gaps by making data sharing the default option, to win what he calls the &#8220;technological arms race,&#8221; and to strengthen cooperation with non-EU states. To achieve this, he aims to double Europol's budget to 3 billion. During this hearing before the parliamentary committee, Fabrice Leggeri (PfE, France) expressed a desire for Europol to be less constrained by &#8220;administrative burdens and excessive regulations&#8221; and voiced concern that the European Data Protection Supervisor might &#8220;block cooperation&#8221; between agencies. Sophie Wilm&#232;s (Renew, Belgium) would like Europol to make greater use of AI &#8220;because criminals are already using it.&#8221; We learn from the Greens that an impact assessment will normally be published alongside the proposal for the new regulation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As for Frontex, the reform of its mandate is scheduled for September 2026. Given that the European agency has continued to expand since its creation, the next mandate is unlikely to be an exception. Of the 81 billion euros that the 2028&#8211;2034 multiannual financial framework allocates to migration, border management, and internal security, &lt;a href=&#034;https://emnbelgium.be/fr/nouvelles/lue-alloue-81-milliards-deuros-pour-la-migration-la-gestion-des-frontieres-et-la-securite&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;nearly 12 billion is earmarked for Frontex&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. This is a considerable sum, confirming the European agency's status as a central pillar of European security policies. This reform is expected to make Frontex increasingly indispensable for &lt;strong&gt;carrying out deportations&lt;/strong&gt;, currently from EU member states, but likely soon also &lt;strong&gt;between third countries,&lt;/strong&gt; which would be a new development. Thus, the agency continues to expand its influence over migration management, well beyond European borders.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Parliamentary Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice, and Home Affairs&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Right to respect for private and family life: 1. Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home, and his correspondence. 2. There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety, the economic well-being of the country, the maintenance of law and order, the prevention of criminal offenses, the protection of health or morals, or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Lina SANKARI &#8220;In Italy, Giorgia Meloni Launches a Hunt for Judges,&#8221; L'Humanit&#233;, November 20, 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For more information, see the ANAFE analysis: &#8220;Border Controls and Detention: Tools of an Unabashedly Racist Policy: The Implementation of the European Pact on Migration and Asylum and the Reform of the Schengen Borders Code at French Borders&#8221; by Anaf&#233;, January 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop's explanatory video (2020) &#8220;Hotspots: True Camps of Shame&#8221;: &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article2979.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;https://migreurop.org/article2979.h...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For example, detaining asylum seekers and minors in holding areas at the border is possible thanks to this fiction.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;To this must be added the duration of the screening procedure, which can last up to a maximum of 7 days&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Announced during Interior Minister L. Nu&#241;ez's hearing before the Law Commission on April 29, 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;The Cergy-Pontoise asylum application registration center is a &#8220;pilot site&#8221; where the OFII and OFPRA intervene on the same day to determine reception conditions, assess vulnerability, and file the asylum application. See the Gisti document warning of the abuses of this model: &#8220;Opening of the first &#8216;France Asile' regional hub in Cergy-Pontoise: risks of violations of the right to asylum&#8221;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Centros de Atenci&#243;n Temporal de Extranjeros&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Centro de Internamiento de Extranjeros&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Mission volontariat Bruxelles (2025/2026) - Actualit&#233;s de l'Union europ&#233;enne - Mars/Mai 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3596.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3596.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-06-11T09:28:17Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Renvois forc&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Hotspot</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Enfermement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Dans le cadre de sa mission de volontariat avec Migreurop en partenariat avec Euromed Droits &#224; Bruxelles (2025-2026), Jeanne Olivet publie une chronique trimestrielle dans laquelle elle r&#233;sume les actualit&#233;s des politiques migratoires europ&#233;ennes. Voici les actualit&#233;s pour la p&#233;riode de mars &#224; mai 2026. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; Vers une adoption imminente du r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187; &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Le 26 mars 2026, le Parlement europ&#233;en a confirm&#233; en pl&#233;ni&#232;re le mandat de n&#233;gociation sur la r&#233;forme de la directive &#171; retour &#187; de (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique460.html" rel="directory"&gt;Travaux des volontaires&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot204.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Renvois forc&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot167.html" rel="tag"&gt;Hotspot&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Enfermement&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH99/beymedias_brightspotcdn-4-03b3e.jpg?1781170108' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='99' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dans le cadre de sa mission de volontariat avec Migreurop en partenariat avec Euromed Droits &#224; Bruxelles (2025-2026), Jeanne Olivet publie une chronique trimestrielle dans laquelle elle r&#233;sume les actualit&#233;s des politiques migratoires europ&#233;ennes. Voici les actualit&#233;s pour la p&#233;riode de mars &#224; mai 2026.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Vers une adoption imminente du r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 26 mars 2026, le Parlement europ&#233;en a confirm&#233; en pl&#233;ni&#232;re le mandat de n&#233;gociation sur la r&#233;forme de la directive &#171; retour &#187; de 2008 adopt&#233; par la Commission parlementaire LIBE le 9 mars), ouvrant la voie aux n&#233;gociations en trilogue. Avec 389 voix pour, 206 voix contre et 32 abstentions, et sous l'impulsion d'une alliance entre la droite et l'extr&#234;me droite, &lt;strong&gt;le texte du Parlement durcit davantage la proposition de la Commission europ&#233;enne&lt;/strong&gt; qui constituait d&#233;j&#224; un net recul des droits des personnes exil&#233;es. Comme le montre &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3560.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;l'analyse de Migreurop&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;le texte syst&#233;matise l'enfermement des personnes migrantes&lt;/strong&gt; avec une dur&#233;e de d&#233;tention administrative port&#233;e &#224; 24 mois (prolongeable dans certains cas), la l&#233;galisation de la gestion migratoire externalis&#233;e, ou encore la suppression du caract&#232;re automatiquement suspensif des recours contre les expulsions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les n&#233;gociations se sont tenues, et le 1er juin 2026 &#224; l'issue du dernier trilogue, un compromis final a &#233;t&#233; adopt&#233;. Un vote de la Commission LIBE&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Commission parlementaire des libert&#233;s civiles de la justice et des affaires (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; devrait avoir lieu le 24 juin, avant un vote en pl&#233;ni&#232;re pour l'adoption officielle du texte, attendue d&#233;but juillet 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Attaques contre la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme (CEDH), les &#201;tats europ&#233;ens pr&#234;ts &#224; tout pour expulser &lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;color: #B80000; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight;&#034;&gt;R&#233;former ou contourner ? Les &#201;tats membres &#224; l'offensive contre la Cour europ&#233;enne des Droits de l'Homme&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis un an, les &#201;tats membres de l'UE remettent en cause de fa&#231;on r&#233;p&#233;t&#233;e la jurisprudence de la Cour europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme (Cour-EDH). C'est &lt;a href=&#034;https://eclj.org/asylum/echr/lexpulsion-des-etrangers-delinquants-et-criminels-a-lepreuve-de-la-jurisprudence-europeenne?lng=fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;la deuxi&#232;me fois&lt;/a&gt; dans l'histoire de la Cour qu'une telle offensive contre le pouvoir judiciaire europ&#233;en a lieu.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;En mai 2025, neuf &#201;tats membres avaient sign&#233; une lettre ouverte exigeant une r&#233;vision de la jurisprudence de la Cour-EDH,&lt;/strong&gt; en ciblant notamment les articles 3 (pr&#233;cisant que nul ne peut &#234;tre soumis &#224; la torture, aux traitements inhumains et d&#233;gradants) et 8 (qui prot&#232;ge la vie priv&#233;e et familiale des individus&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Droit au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale : 1. Toute personne a droit (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;). Ces &#201;tats pr&#233;tendent que la Convention-EDH est un frein &#224; leurs politiques migratoires, dans la mesure o&#249; ces articles 3 et 8 bloquent les expulsion d'&#233;tranger&#183;e&#183;s condamn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s. Ils r&#233;clament une interpr&#233;tation plus laxiste qui leur permettrait d'appliquer une politique d'expulsion plus rapide, moins protectrice du droit des personnes concern&#233;es gr&#226;ce &#224; des garde-fous amoindris.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 10 d&#233;cembre 2025, 46 ministres du Conseil de l'Europe ont par ailleurs adopt&#233; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.coe.int/fr/web/portal/-/migration-challenges-council-of-europe-ministers-call-for-political-declaration-on-rights&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;une s&#233;rie de conclusions&lt;/a&gt; appelant &#224; &#171; &lt;strong&gt;r&#233;&#233;quilibrer droits fondamentaux et imp&#233;ratifs s&#233;curitaires &lt;/strong&gt; &#187; dans l'interpr&#233;tation de la Convention, en amont du sommet du Conseil de l'Europe, le 15 mai 2026 &#224; Chisinau (voir ci-dessous).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Danemark va encore plus loin dans cette logique de rupture assum&#233;e. La Premi&#232;re ministre Mette Frederiksen a annonc&#233; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/69643/le-danemark-veut-accelerer-les-expulsions-detrangers-condamnes-par-la-justice&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;un projet de loi pour l'&#233;t&#233; 2026&lt;/a&gt;pr&#233;voyant l'expulsion automatique de tout &#233;tranger&#183;e condamn&#233;&#183;e &#224; au moins un an de prison. Le gouvernement danois reconna&#238;t lui-m&#234;me que cette loi sort du cadre de la Convention-EDH mais l'assume. C'est une &lt;strong&gt;strat&#233;gie de la transgression d&#233;lib&#233;r&#233;e&lt;/strong&gt; : bafouer les droits individuels, puis modifier le droit national/europ&#233;en pour l&#233;galiser ce qui &#233;tait auparavant ill&#233;gal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;color: #B80000; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight;&#034;&gt;La d&#233;claration de Chisinau : une pression &#224; peine voil&#233;e sur la Cour europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 15 mai 2026, r&#233;uni en Moldavie, le Conseil de l'Europe a adopt&#233; une d&#233;claration politique exprimant ses attentes vis-&#224;-vis de la Cour-EDH. Le texte est profond&#233;ment contradictoire : il proclame d'un c&#244;t&#233; l'attachement &#224; la Convention et &#224; la Cour, tout en enjoignant de l'autre c&#244;t&#233; cette derni&#232;re de &#171; relever les d&#233;fis &#187; li&#233;s aux migrations. lut&#244;t que de s'interroger sur leur propre obsession &#224; expulser, &lt;strong&gt;les &#201;tats signataires ont choisi de faire pression sur les juges europ&#233;ens au d&#233;triment des garanties conventionnelles.&lt;/strong&gt; Le Paragraphe 16 de la d&#233;claration avertit ainsi que l'absence de prise en compte des attentes des &#201;tats parties &#224; la Cour &#171; pourrait fragiliser la confiance du public dans le syst&#232;me de la Convention &#187;. Une menace &#224; peine voil&#233;e, qui r&#233;v&#232;le la strat&#233;gie de d&#233;cr&#233;dibilisation que les &#201;tats sont pr&#234;ts &#224; mobiliser contre la Cour si sa jurisprudence ne s'assouplit pas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La d&#233;claration reprend par ailleurs des &#233;l&#233;ments de langage d&#233;j&#224; pr&#233;sents dans le Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile, notamment celles d'&#171; arriv&#233;es massives &#187; et d'&#171; instrumentalisation des migrants par un &#201;tat ou un acteur hostile &#187; (&#167;&#167; 34-40). Ces concepts ouvrent la voie &#224; une &lt;strong&gt;d&#233;gradation accrue des droits des personnes exil&#233;es, pouvant aller jusqu'&#224; la suspension temporaire de l'enregistrement des demandes d'asile &lt;/strong&gt; (ce que certains &#201;tats europ&#233;ens pratiquent d&#233;j&#224;, comme la Gr&#232;ce ou la Pologne).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Enfin, le texte fait l'&#233;loge de &#171; solutions innovantes &#187;, parmi lesquelles les &lt;i&gt;return hubs&lt;/i&gt; (pays tiers transform&#233;s en plateformes d'expulsion, camps externalis&#233;s) et la volont&#233; d'externaliser le traitement des demandes d'asile, deux m&#233;canismes qui &#233;loignent toujours davantage les &#201;tats de leurs obligations li&#233;es &#224; la Convention.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ainsi, &lt;strong&gt;les &#201;tats ont de plus en plus recours &#224; des mesures autoritaires pour faire passer leurs r&#233;formes migratoires &lt;/strong&gt; et voient la justice comme un obstacle &#224; la mise en &#339;uvre de mesures attentatoires aux droits fondamentaux. C'est le cas par exemple de l'Italie, qui accuse les juges &#171; rouges &#187; d'ing&#233;rence dans les affaires politiques du pays&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Lina SANKARI &#171; En Italie, Giorgia Meloni lance la chasse aux juges &#187;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Entr&#233;e en application du Pacte europ&#233;en sur l'asile et la migration : des changements radicaux aux fronti&#232;res de l'UE&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;color: #B80000; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight;&#034;&gt;L'instauration d'un tri aux fronti&#232;res et la mise en &#339;uvre de proc&#233;dures d'asile d&#233;grad&#233;es&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Pacte europ&#233;en sur l'asile et la migration, applicable dans les &#201;tats membres &#224; partir du 12 juin 2026, cr&#233;e des changements profonds dans les espaces frontaliers. Le &lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L_202401356&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;r&#232;glement &#171; filtrage &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; et sa proc&#233;dure associ&#233;e sont une cr&#233;ation toute particuli&#232;re au Pacte&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour plus d'informations consulter l'analyse de l'Anaf&#233; : &#171; Contr&#244;les et (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Ce filtrage pr&#233;voit &lt;strong&gt;une proc&#233;dure de contr&#244;le et de tri &lt;/strong&gt; pour les personnes ne remplissant pas les conditions d'entr&#233;e dans l'UE, ou bien d&#233;barqu&#233;es &#224; la suite d'une op&#233;ration de recherche et de sauvetage, ou encore qui auraient demand&#233; une protection internationale &#224; un point de passage frontalier.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La proc&#233;dure de filtrage comprend : un contr&#244;le sanitaire, un contr&#244;le de vuln&#233;rabilit&#233;, l'identification ou la v&#233;rification d'identit&#233;, l'enregistrement des donn&#233;es biom&#233;triques, un contr&#244;le de s&#233;curit&#233;, puis le renvoi vers la proc&#233;dure appropri&#233;e :&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le filtrage aux fronti&#232;res ext&#233;rieures :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Les personnes qui n'ont pas introduit de demande d'asile sont consid&#233;r&#233;es comme n'&#233;tant pas entr&#233;es sur le territoire pour faciliter l'expulsion : elles se voient appliqu&#233;es les proc&#233;dures de la directive &#034;retour&#034; ;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Les personnes en demande de protection sont tri&#233;es entre celles qui sont autoris&#233;es &#224; entrer sur le territoire pour y d&#233;poser une demande d'asile ou de protection au titre de la minorit&#233; (mineurs non accompagn&#233;s), et celles qui rel&#232;vent de la proc&#233;dure proc&#233;dure &#034;asile &#224; la fronti&#232;re&#034;. Les personnes sont plac&#233;es en proc&#233;dure &#034;asile &#224; la fronti&#232;re&#034; si le taux de reconnaissance d'une protection internationale pour leur pays de nationalit&#233; ou de r&#233;sidence habituel est inf&#233;rieur ou &#233;gal &#224; 20% (&#224; l'&#233;chelle europ&#233;enne), ou elles sont suspect&#233;es de constituer un danger pour l'ordre public. &lt;strong&gt;Si la demande d'asile est refus&#233;e, les personnes sont orient&#233;es imm&#233;diatement en proc&#233;dure de &#034;retour &#224; la fronti&#232;re&#034; pour &#234;tre expuls&#233;es. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Les personnes qui font l'objet d'une relocalisation (m&#233;canisme de solidarit&#233; pour l'accueil) sont renvoy&#233;es vers les autorit&#233;s des &#201;tats membres concern&#233;s&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les personnes qui ont &#233;chapp&#233; au filtrage aux fronti&#232;res ext&#233;rieures peuvent &#234;tre soumises au &lt;strong&gt;filtrage sur le territoire&lt;/strong&gt;, par exemple si elles sont interpell&#233;es aux fronti&#232;res int&#233;rieures ou sur le territoire d'un pays europ&#233;en.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La proc&#233;dure &#034;asile &#224; la fronti&#232;re&#034;&lt;/strong&gt; rassemble deux approches : l'identification et le tri de l'approche &lt;i&gt;hotspot&lt;/i&gt;, qui existe depuis 2015, avec des hotspots sur les &#238;les grecques et italiennes, et la fiction juridique de &#171; non-entr&#233;e &#187; sur le territoire europ&#233;en, appliqu&#233;e aux fronti&#232;res fran&#231;aises.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;L'approche &#171; hotspot &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir la vid&#233;o de d&#233;cryptage de Migreurop (2020) &#171; Les hotspots, v&#233;ritables (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; vise &#224; organiser le tri aux fronti&#232;res de l'UE entre les personnes accueillies par l'Union Europ&#233;enne (sur place ou via la relocalisation vers un autre Etat membre), et celles jug&#233;es &#171; ind&#233;sirables &#187; renvoy&#233;es directement depuis la fronti&#232;re. Le temps de la proc&#233;dure de tri, les personnes en demande de protection restent aux fronti&#232;res de l'UE et sont priv&#233;es de libert&#233;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;La &#171; fiction de non-entr&#233;e &#187;&lt;/strong&gt; consiste &#224; maintenir des personnes physiquement pr&#233;sentes sur le territoire dans un statut de &#171; non-entr&#233;e &#187;, cr&#233;ant ainsi une zone d'ind&#233;termination juridique au sein de laquelle s'exerce un pouvoir discr&#233;tionnaire soustrait aux garanties ordinaires du droit&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Par exemple, enfermer &#224; la fronti&#232;re des demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile et des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Concr&#232;tement, avec l'entr&#233;e en application du Pacte, &lt;strong&gt;des personnes plac&#233;es en proc&#233;dure &#034;asile &#224; la fronti&#232;re&#034; se trouveront physiquement sur le territoire et &#224; disposition des autorit&#233;s pendant toute la dur&#233;e de l'examen acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233; de leur demande d'asile, mais seront consid&#233;r&#233;es juridiquement comme n'&#233;tant pas entr&#233;e sur le territoire, ce qui permet aux &#201;tats de les expulser plus facilement.&lt;/strong&gt; La continuit&#233; territoriale, principe selon lequel les m&#234;mes r&#232;gles de droit s'appliquent sur l'ensemble d'un territoire, se trouve ainsi suspendue, ouvrant la voie &#224; l'application de standards d&#233;grad&#233;s. Actuellement, la &#171; fiction de non-entr&#233;e &#187; est limit&#233;e &#224; 26 jours en zone d'attente en droit fran&#231;ais ; mais dans le cadre du Pacte, &lt;strong&gt;elle pourra &#234;tre applicable aux fronti&#232;res de l'espace Schengen pour une dur&#233;e allant jusqu'&#224; 6 mois&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;A cela, il faut ajouter la dur&#233;e de la proc&#233;dure de filtrage, qui peut durer (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;color: #B80000; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight;&#034;&gt;Plans de mise en application du Pacte : les &#201;tats membres ne semblent pas pr&#234;ts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 8 mai 2026, la Commission europ&#233;enne a publi&#233; &lt;a href=&#034;https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/8a0aa873-859c-48b4-9f14-29674238393a_en?filename=Communication_State%20of%20play%20on%20the%20implementation%20of%20the%20Pact%20on%20Migration%20and%20Asylum.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;un &#233;tat des lieux de la mise en &#339;uvre du Pacte&lt;/a&gt; &#224; l'&#233;chelle nationale. Le tableau dress&#233; se veut &#171; rassurant &#187; pour les institutions europ&#233;ennes et nationales : cinq &#201;tats auraient d&#233;j&#224; adopt&#233; l'essentiel de leur l&#233;gislation, 11e autres seraient en cours, et 15 disposeraient de capacit&#233;s d'accueil jug&#233;es &#171; ad&#233;quates &#187;. La Commission insiste &#233;galement sur la &#171; pr&#233;vention des fuites &#187;, avec des tests de filtrage men&#233;s par Frontex, l'agence europ&#233;enne pour l'asile (EUAA), et Europol &#224; Lampedusa et en Sicile, ainsi qu'une &#171; bo&#238;te &#224; outils &#187; transmise aux &#201;tats membres. Pourtant, cet &#233;tat des lieux cache une autre r&#233;alit&#233; :&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; En ce qui concerne la &lt;strong&gt;France&lt;/strong&gt;, la volont&#233; de l'&#201;tat&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Annonc&#233;e dans l'audition du Ministre de l'Int&#233;rieur L.Nu&#241;ez &#224; la commission (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; est de mettre la majorit&#233; des personnes arrivant aux fronti&#232;res ext&#233;rieures en &#171; proc&#233;dure d'asile &#224; la fronti&#232;re &#187;. Le minist&#232;re de l'Int&#233;rieur annonce m&#234;me une disposition permettant d'&#233;tendre le champ d'application des proc&#233;dures &#224; la fronti&#232;re &#224; d'autres groupes que ceux d&#233;finis par le Pacte. &#192; ce jour, nous ne connaissons pas ces groupes suppl&#233;mentaires. N&#233;anmoins, la capacit&#233; actuelle en zone d'attente et en Centres de R&#233;tention Administrative (CRA) en France est insuffisante pour enfermer toutes les personnes en proc&#233;dures &#224; la fronti&#232;re. Le ministre de l'Int&#233;rieur a annonc&#233; lors de son audition au S&#233;nat le 29 avril 2026, que la France aura &#224; la fin 2026 construit de nouveaux lieux d'enfermement sp&#233;cialement pr&#233;vus pour la proc&#233;dure asile &#224; la fronti&#232;re en se basant sur le mod&#232;le du centre de Cergy-Pontoise&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Le centre d'enregistrement des demandes d'asile de Cergy-Pontoise est un &#171; (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Ce qui est pr&#233;vu pour l'entr&#233;e en application du Pacte sont des &#171; alternatives &#224; l'enfermement &#187; notamment avec l'adoption d'une disposition &lt;strong&gt;d'arr&#234;t&#233; d'assignation &#224; r&#233;sidence. &lt;/strong&gt; Cela concernerait les proc&#233;dures de demandes d'asile &#224; la fronti&#232;re, et les personnes seraient h&#233;berg&#233;es dans des &#171; centres d'h&#233;bergement &#187; disposant d'une &#171; capacit&#233; ad&#233;quate &#187;, sans plus d'informations sur le statut de ces lieux.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Dans le cas de l'&lt;strong&gt;Espagne&lt;/strong&gt;, le gouvernement a d&#233;clar&#233; dans son &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.interior.gob.es/opencms/ca/servicios-al-ciudadano/pacto-europeo-de-migracion-y-asilo/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;plan de mise en &#339;uvre du Pacte&lt;/a&gt; publi&#233; fin 2024 qu'il n'y aurait pas de cr&#233;ation de centres d'enfermement sp&#233;cialement destin&#233;s aux proc&#233;dures &#224; la fronti&#232;re. Pour r&#233;pondre aux capacit&#233;s calcul&#233;es par l'UE, l'Espagne compte utiliser les CATE&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Centros de Atenci&#243;n Temporal de Extranjeros&#034; id=&#034;nh5-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, les CIE&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Centro de Internamiento de Extranjeros&#034; id=&#034;nh5-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; et les centres d'accueil, affirmant que : &#171; Il n'y aura aucun centre d&#233;di&#233; exclusivement aux proc&#233;dures frontali&#232;res &#187;. Si cette ligne directrice est suivie, alors les proc&#233;dures &#224; la fronti&#232;re seront appliqu&#233;es dans des espaces &#171; sur le territoire &#187;, le plan ne mentionnant pas la n&#233;cessit&#233; de changer le statut de ces espaces. Toutefois, ces affirmations datent de fin 2024, mais le plan espagnol pourrait avoir chang&#233;, puisque &lt;strong&gt;le gouvernement des Canaries dit craindre que l'archipel devienne &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.eldiario.es/canariasahora/sociedad/canarias-reclama-pacto-europeo-migracion-asilo-no-convierta-islas-gran-centro-retencion_1_13193808.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;un grand centre d'enfermement&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;. Il est &#224; souligner qu'&#224; moins d'un mois de l'entr&#233;e en application du Pacte, le gouvernement des Canaries n'a toujours pas &#233;t&#233; inclus dans les discussions, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www3.gobiernodecanarias.org/noticias/canarias-alerta-a-bruselas-de-que-continua-sin-recibir-ninguna-informacion-sobre-el-pacto-migratorio/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;selon Octavio Caraballo&lt;/a&gt;, vice-conseiller de la Pr&#233;sidence du Gouvernement des Canaries, qui affirme : &#171; Nous ne savons rien ; nous n'avons m&#234;me pas &#233;t&#233; inform&#233;s des aspects qui rel&#232;vent de notre comp&#233;tence, comme ceux concernant les mineurs &#187;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; En &lt;strong&gt;Italie&lt;/strong&gt;, les proc&#233;dures &#224; la fronti&#232;re ne seront pas limit&#233;es aux lieux d'enfermement &#224; la fronti&#232;re actuellement existants, l'Italie n'ayant pas de structures suffisantes pour &#171; mettre &#224; disposition des autorit&#233;s &#187; toutes les personnes concern&#233;es par les proc&#233;dures &#224; la fronti&#232;re. D&#232;s lors, &lt;strong&gt;ce pays utilisera des alternatives &#224; la d&#233;tention comme l'assignation &#224; r&#233;sidence&lt;/strong&gt; avec un p&#233;rim&#232;tre d&#233;limit&#233; autour du domicile, ou&lt;strong&gt; le pointage dans les centres d'accueil &lt;/strong&gt; plusieurs fois par jour. Si les personnes n'acceptent pas ces termes, elles pourraient perdre leur conditions mat&#233;rielles d'accueil.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nous disposons &#224; ce stade de peu d'informations sur les autres pays europ&#233;ens. Toutefois,&lt;strong&gt; la logique de contr&#244;le et de &#171; mise &#224; disposition &#187; permanente des personnes exil&#233;es appara&#238;t comme le d&#233;nominateur commun &#224; l'ensemble des proc&#233;dures pr&#233;vues.&lt;/strong&gt; Pour autant, les modalit&#233;s concr&#232;tes de mise en &#339;uvre de ces proc&#233;dures (espaces et gestion des lieux d'enfermement) demeurent largement inconnues. Cette opacit&#233; tient en partie au retard consid&#233;rable pris par la majorit&#233; des &#201;tats membres dans les plans de mise en &#339;uvre du Pacte en droit national.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Externalisation : une recomposition des relations entre l'UE et les pays &#171; tiers &#187;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis six mois, une priorit&#233; s'impose de mani&#232;re constante dans l'agenda des &#201;tats membres : rendre effectives les expulsions. Expulser quelqu'un suppose en effet que le pays d'origine accepte de &#171; reprendre &#187; ses ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s, ce qui implique la d&#233;livrance d'un laissez-passer consulaire. Lorsque ce document fait d&#233;faut, la proc&#233;dure est interrompue. C'est de ce blocage qu'est n&#233;e, depuis les ann&#233;es 2000, une r&#233;ponse politique de plus en plus assum&#233;e : conditionner les relations avec les pays tiers &#224; leur niveau de coop&#233;ration en mati&#232;re de r&#233;admissions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On observe que l'Union europ&#233;enne passe d'une logique de r&#233;compense, o&#249; les pays coop&#233;ratifs b&#233;n&#233;ficient d'avantages (octroi de visas, acc&#232;s pr&#233;f&#233;rentiel &#224; son march&#233;, et aide au d&#233;veloppement), &#224; une &lt;strong&gt;logique de sanction, o&#249; les pays non coop&#233;ratifs perdent des acquis/accords existants. &lt;/strong&gt; Cette orientation se mat&#233;rialise dans trois types d'instruments distincts, d&#233;j&#224; adopt&#233;s ou actuellement en cours de n&#233;gociation :&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Le premier est commercial. Le 28 avril 2026, le Parlement europ&#233;en a adopt&#233; la &lt;a href=&#034;https://euobserver.com/213825/meps-vote-to-slap-tariffs-on-countries-that-refuse-to-take-back-migrants/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;r&#233;forme du Syst&#232;me de Pr&#233;f&#233;rences G&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233;es&lt;/a&gt; avec 459 voix pour et 127 contre. Ce m&#233;canisme, qui permet depuis 1971 aux pays du Sud global d'exporter vers l'UE &#224; tarifs r&#233;duits, int&#232;gre une &lt;strong&gt;&#034;conditionnalit&#233; de r&#233;admission&#034;&lt;/strong&gt; : un pays jug&#233; non coop&#233;ratif dans la r&#233;admission de ses ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s peut se voir retirer ses avantages tarifaires. Le lien est d&#233;sormais explicite entre coop&#233;ration aux expulsions et acc&#232;s au march&#233; europ&#233;en. &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.eunews.it/en/2026/04/29/eu-trade-reform-generalised-system-of-preferences-approved-but-clashes-erupt-over-repatriation-and-rice/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Cristina Guarda (les Verts, Italie) a d&#233;nonc&#233; un m&#233;canisme&lt;/a&gt;qu'elle qualifie de &#171; n&#233;o-colonial &#187;, estimant que l'Europe subordonne son aide au d&#233;veloppement &#224; des imp&#233;ratifs migratoires au d&#233;triment de ses valeurs.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Le deuxi&#232;me levier est budg&#233;taire. Dans &lt;a href=&#034;https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/eu-budget/long-term-eu-budget/eu-budget-2028-2034_en&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;les n&#233;gociations sur le cadre financier multi annuel 2028-2034&lt;/a&gt;, la Commission propose 81 milliards d'euros pour les affaires int&#233;rieures, soit trois fois plus que lors de la p&#233;riode pr&#233;c&#233;dente, dont 34 milliards sp&#233;cifiquement allou&#233;s au renforcement des fronti&#232;res ext&#233;rieures. Au-del&#224; du volume, c'est la logique d'allocation qui est significative : &lt;strong&gt;les financements destin&#233;s aux pays tiers seraient conditionn&#233;s non pas au respect des droits humains, mais au niveau de coop&#233;ration en mati&#232;re de r&#233;admissions.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Le troisi&#232;me instrument est la &lt;strong&gt;politique des visas&lt;/strong&gt;. La &lt;a href=&#034;https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/fr/qanda_26_218&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;feuille de route&lt;/a&gt; de la Commission pr&#233;voit un contr&#244;le renforc&#233; des r&#233;gimes d'exemption et la cr&#233;ation de nouvelles mesures restrictives : suspension ou r&#233;duction des visas accord&#233;s aux ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s de pays &#171; non coop&#233;ratifs &#187;, augmentation des co&#251;ts, et priorisation des proc&#233;dures pour les personnes pr&#233;sentant une &#171; forte valeur ajout&#233;e &#187;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A travers ces instruments se une tendance de fond : la &lt;strong&gt;conditionnalit&#233; migratoire n&#233;gative&lt;/strong&gt;, qui se retrouve dans tous ces changements adopt&#233;s ou &#224; venir qui influenceront fortement les relations diplomatiques au-del&#224; des questions migratoires avec les pays hors-UE.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Europol et Frontex en chantier : vers une Europe de plus en plus s&#233;curitaire &lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On sait peu de choses sur les nouvelles r&#233;formes des mandats de Frontex et d'Europol, si ce n'est leur calendrier.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour &lt;strong&gt;Europol&lt;/strong&gt;, la &lt;strong&gt;proposition de la Commission est pr&#233;vue pour juin 2026&lt;/strong&gt;. Magnus Brunner, le Commissaire europ&#233;en aux Affaires int&#233;rieures et &#224; la Migration, s'est exprim&#233; devant la Commission parlementaire LIBE le 19 mars 2026. Il souhaite un renforcement d'Europol dans le partage des donn&#233;es avec les autres agences europ&#233;ennes et dans le secteur priv&#233;. Il aspire &#224; faire de cette agence un acteur &#171; v&#233;ritablement op&#233;rationnel &#187;, &#224; combler les lacunes informationnelles en faisant du partage de donn&#233;es l'option par d&#233;faut, &#224; remporter ce qu'il appelle la &#171; course aux armements technologiques &#187;, et &#224; renforcer la coop&#233;ration avec des &#201;tats hors-UE. Pour ce faire, il ambitionne de doubler le budget d'Europol, pour atteindre les 3 milliards. Lors de cette audition &#224; la Commission parlementaire, Fabrice Leggeri (PfE, France) souhaite qu'Europol soit moins limit&#233; par les &#171; charges administratives et les r&#233;glementations excessives &#187; et s'inqui&#232;te du fait que le Contr&#244;leur europ&#233;en de la protection des donn&#233;es ne vienne &#171; bloquer la coop&#233;ration &#187; entre agences. Sophie Wilm&#232;s (Renew, Belgique) aimerait qu'Europol puisse utiliser davantage l'IA &#171; car les criminels l'utilisent d&#233;j&#224; &#187;. Nous apprenons gr&#226;ce aux Verts qu'il y aura normalement une &#233;tude d'impact publi&#233;e avec la proposition du nouveau r&#232;glement.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour &lt;strong&gt;Frontex&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;la r&#233;forme du mandat est pr&#233;vue pour septembre 2026&lt;/strong&gt;. &#201;tant donn&#233; que l'agence europ&#233;enne n'a cess&#233; de s'&#233;largir depuis sa cr&#233;ation, le prochain mandat ne devrait pas faire exception. Sur les 81 milliards d'euros que le cadre financier pluriannuel 2028-2034 consacre &#224; la migration, la gestion des fronti&#232;res et la s&#233;curit&#233; int&#233;rieure, &lt;a href=&#034;https://emnbelgium.be/fr/nouvelles/lue-alloue-81-milliards-deuros-pour-la-migration-la-gestion-des-frontieres-et-la-securite&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;pr&#232;s de 12 milliards sont fl&#233;ch&#233;s vers Frontex&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Une part consid&#233;rable, qui confirme le statut de l'agence europ&#233;enne comme pilier central des politiques europ&#233;ennes s&#233;curitaires. Cette r&#233;forme devrait rendre Frontex de plus en plus incontournable pour &lt;strong&gt;mettre en &#339;uvre les expulsions&lt;/strong&gt;, pour l'instant depuis les &#201;tats membres de l'UE, mais sans doute bient&#244;t &#233;galement&lt;strong&gt; entre pays tiers,&lt;/strong&gt; ce qui constituerait une nouveaut&#233;. Ainsi, l'agence continue d'&#233;tendre son emprise sur la gestion des migrations, bien au-del&#224; des fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Commission parlementaire des libert&#233;s civiles de la justice et des affaires int&#233;rieures&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Droit au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale : 1. Toute personne a droit au respect de sa vie priv&#233;e et familiale, de son domicile et de sa correspondance. 2. Il ne peut y avoir ing&#233;rence d'une autorit&#233; publique dans l'exercice de ce droit que pour autant que cette ing&#233;rence est pr&#233;vue par la loi et qu'elle constitue une mesure qui, dans une soci&#233;t&#233; d&#233;mocratique, est n&#233;cessaire &#224; la s&#233;curit&#233; nationale, &#224; la s&#251;ret&#233; publique, au bien-&#234;tre &#233;conomique du pays, &#224; la d&#233;fense de l'ordre et &#224; la pr&#233;vention des infractions p&#233;nales, &#224; la protection de la sant&#233; ou de la morale, ou &#224; la protection des droits et libert&#233;s d'autrui.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Lina SANKARI &#171; En Italie, Giorgia Meloni lance la chasse aux juges &#187;, L'Humanit&#233;, 20 novembre 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour plus d'informations consulter l'analyse de l'Anaf&#233; : &#171; Contr&#244;les et enfermement aux fronti&#232;res : outils d'une politique raciste d&#233;complex&#233;e La mise en &#339;uvre du Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile et de la r&#233;forme du code fronti&#232;res Schengen aux fronti&#232;res fran&#231;aises &#187; de l'Anaf&#233;, janvier 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir la vid&#233;o de d&#233;cryptage de Migreurop (2020) &#171; Les hotspots, v&#233;ritables camps de la honte &#187; : &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article2979.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;https://migreurop.org/article2979.h...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Par exemple, enfermer &#224; la fronti&#232;re des demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile et des mineur&#183;e&#183;s en zone d'attente est possible gr&#226;ce &#224; cette fiction.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;A cela, il faut ajouter la dur&#233;e de la proc&#233;dure de filtrage, qui peut durer jusqu'&#224; 7 jours maximum&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Annonc&#233;e dans l'audition du Ministre de l'Int&#233;rieur L.Nu&#241;ez &#224; la commission des lois le 29 avril 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Le centre d'enregistrement des demandes d'asile de Cergy-Pontoise est un &#171; site pilote &#187; o&#249; l'OFII et l'OFPRA interviennent le m&#234;me jour, pour attribuer les conditions d'accueil, &#233;valuer la vuln&#233;rabilit&#233; et d&#233;poser la demande d'asile. Voir le document du Gisti qui alerte sur les d&#233;rives de ce mod&#232;le : &#171; Ouverture du 1er p&#244;le territorial &#171; France Asile &#187; &#224; Cergy-Pontoise : des risques d'atteintes au droit d'asile &#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Centros de Atenci&#243;n Temporal de Extranjeros&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 5-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Centro de Internamiento de Extranjeros&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Face au Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile : enjeux, contentieux et strat&#233;gies de r&#233;sistance</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3593.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3593.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-05-21T12:55:32Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Sarah Bachellerie</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Le Syndicat des Avocats de France (SAF) organise une journ&#233;e d&#233;di&#233;e au Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile le vendredi 22 mai 2026 &#224; Marseille, &#224; laquelle participent Migreurop, ainsi que le Gisti et l'Anaf&#233; (membre du r&#233;seau Migreurop). &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La journ&#233;e de formation aura lieu de 9h &#224; 17h30 au GR1, 148 rue Sainte, 13007 Marseille &amp; en ligne via Zoom. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La formation s'adresse aux avocat&#183;e&#183;s et &#233;l&#232;ves avocat&#183;e&#183;s pour mieux comprendre les enjeux li&#233;s au Pacte et se former &#224; des (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique470.html" rel="directory"&gt;Conf&#233;rences&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot204.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot21.html" rel="tag"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH126/capture_d_ecran_2026-05-21_145648-eeaea.png?1779368280' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='126' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Le Syndicat des Avocats de France (SAF) organise une &lt;strong&gt;journ&#233;e d&#233;di&#233;e au Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile le vendredi 22 mai 2026 &lt;/strong&gt; &#224; Marseille, &#224; laquelle participent Migreurop, ainsi que le Gisti et l'Anaf&#233; (membre du r&#233;seau Migreurop).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La journ&#233;e de formation aura lieu de 9h &#224; 17h30 au &lt;strong&gt;GR1, 148 rue Sainte, 13007 Marseille&lt;/strong&gt; &amp; &lt;strong&gt;en ligne&lt;/strong&gt; via Zoom.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La formation s'adresse aux avocat&#183;e&#183;s et &#233;l&#232;ves avocat&#183;e&#183;s pour &lt;strong&gt;mieux comprendre les enjeux li&#233;s au Pacte et se former &#224; des strat&#233;gies contentieuses pour y faire face.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Description de la formation&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'adoption du Pacte europ&#233;en sur l'asile et la migration s'inscrit dans un mouvement ancien et d&#233;sormais assum&#233; de durcissement des politiques migratoires europ&#233;ennes. Derri&#232;re le vocabulaire de la &#171; solidarit&#233; &#187;, de la &#171; responsabilit&#233; &#187; et de l'&#171; efficacit&#233; &#187;, ce Pacte organise surtout une nouvelle &#233;tape dans la mise &#224; distance des personnes exil&#233;es, le renforcement du contr&#244;le aux fronti&#232;res et la banalisation de proc&#233;dures d&#233;rogatoires au d&#233;triment des garanties fondamentales.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pr&#233;sent&#233; comme une r&#233;ponse commune aux pr&#233;tendues &#171; crises migratoires &#187;, il consolide en r&#233;alit&#233; une logique de tri, d'enfermement et d'acc&#233;l&#233;ration des proc&#233;dures. Les dispositifs de filtrage, les proc&#233;dures &#224; la fronti&#232;re, la multiplication des hypoth&#232;ses de privation de libert&#233; et l'affaiblissement possible de l'acc&#232;s effectif au juge font peser des risques majeurs sur l'effectivit&#233; des droits des personnes en exil.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sa mise en &#339;uvre en droit fran&#231;ais impose donc aux praticien&#183;nes du droit, aux associations et aux acteurs de terrain de se saisir d&#232;s maintenant de ses implications concr&#232;tes. Il s'agit d'en comprendre l'architecture, mais aussi d'en d&#233;voiler les pr&#233;suppos&#233;s politiques, les effets pr&#233;visibles sur les personnes concern&#233;es et les marges de r&#233;sistance juridique qu'il reste possible de construire.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette journ&#233;e de formation se donne pour objectif d'analyser le Pacte dans sa logique d'ensemble, d'identifier les atteintes qu'il est susceptible de porter aux droits fondamentaux, et de r&#233;fl&#233;chir collectivement aux outils contentieux, europ&#233;ens et internes, permettant d'en contester les effets. &#192; travers les &#233;changes entre juristes, universitaires, magistrat&#183;es, associations et praticien&#183;nes, elle entend contribuer &#224; la construction de strat&#233;gies de d&#233;fense face &#224; une r&#233;forme qui, loin de garantir l'accueil et la protection, risque d'institutionnaliser davantage encore le soup&#231;on, le contr&#244;le et l'exclusion.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Programme&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;9h&#8211;9h30 : Accueil et discours de bienvenue&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
9h30&#8211;10h : &lt;strong&gt;Introduction : Gen&#232;se politico-juridique du Pacte&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;i&gt;Intervention de Brigitte Espuche (coordinatrice charg&#233;e d'&#233;tudes &#224; Migreurop)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;COMPRENDRE LE PACTE : ARCHITECTURE, ENJEUX ET MISE EN &#338;UVRE&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;10h&#8211;10h45 : &lt;strong&gt;L'architecture du Pacte et sa logique d'ensemble&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;i&gt;Intervention de Charlotte Labrosse (juriste associ&#233;e au European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE))&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;10h45 &#8211; 11h30 : &lt;strong&gt;Mise en &#339;uvre en droit fran&#231;ais : applicabilit&#233; directe, marges de man&#339;uvre nationales et textes d'application&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;i&gt;Intervention de Serge Slama (professeur de droit public &#224; l'universit&#233; Grenoble-Alpes)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;11h30&#8211;12h15 : &lt;strong&gt;Les incidences sur le contentieux administratif : adaptation des pratiques et nouveaux enjeux proc&#233;duraux &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;i&gt;Intervention d'Arnaud Kiecken (magistrat administratif, membre du syndicat Justice administrative collective et ind&#233;pendante - JACI)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#201;changes &amp; Discussions&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;CONTENTIEUX ET STRATEGIES EUROPEENNES&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;14h&#8211;15h30 : &lt;strong&gt;Mobilisation du droit de l'Union europ&#233;enne face au Pacte : identification des droits fondamentaux UE atteints + mobilisation contentieuse du droit europ&#233;en&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;i&gt;Intervention crois&#233;e de Charlotte Labrosse (ECRE) &amp; Tania Racho (docteure en droit europ&#233;en (Paris II) et chercheuse associ&#233;e &#224; l'Universit&#233; Paris-Saclay)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;15h30&#8211;16h15 : &lt;strong&gt;Contr&#244;le et enfermement aux fronti&#232;res : nouveaux dispositifs et enjeux&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;i&gt;Intervention de Laure Palun (Directrice de l'Anaf&#233;)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;16h15&#8211;17h : FOCUS : &lt;strong&gt;&#201;volutions du contentieux de l'asile &#224; l'aune du Pacte&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;i&gt;Intervention de Chlo&#233; Viel (docteure en droit d'asile et directrice d'organisme de formation en droit d'asile)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion : &lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Et apr&#232;s ? Perspectives autour du r&#232;glement &#171; Retour &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;i&gt;Intervention de Patrick Henriot (magistrat honoraire et membre du GISTI)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;embed type=&#034;application/pdf&#034; src=&#034;IMG/pdf/programme_saf_marseille_22_mai.pdf&#034; width=&#034;100%&#034; height=&#034;600&#034;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr class=&#034;spip&#034; /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Retrouvez tout le programme ainsi que les modalit&#233;s d'inscription et les tarifs sur ce document. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Inscription possible jusqu'au 20 mai&lt;/i&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		
		<enclosure url="https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/programme_saf_marseille_22_mai.pdf" length="772147" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Adoption of the EU &#8216;Return' Regulation: the death of international law</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3561.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3561.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-03-26T13:51:17Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Detention</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Forced returns</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pays s&#251;rs</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;&#8505;&#65039;Read the summary of the analysis here. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
On 26 March 2026, following on from the recent rights-violating legislative reforms (the European Pact on Migration and Asylum, the Schengen Code reform, the redefinition of the concept of &#8216;safe countries'...), MEPs approved a new instrument that effectively annihilates the rights of migrant people and continues to dismantle EU law, and, by extension, international law. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
In the blink of an eye, the hard-right's repressive agenda has prevailed. And (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique456.html" rel="directory"&gt;Migreurop Statements&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Detention&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot204.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Forced returns&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot214.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pays s&#251;rs&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH131/image-2-68956.png?1774531215' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='131' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8505;&#65039;Read the &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/executive_summary_-_analysis_of_return_regulation.pdf&#034;&gt;summary of the analysis here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;On 26 March 2026, following on from the recent rights-violating legislative reforms (the European Pact on Migration and Asylum, the Schengen Code reform, the redefinition of the concept of &#8216;safe countries'...), MEPs approved a new instrument that effectively annihilates the rights of migrant people and continues to dismantle EU law, and, by extension, international law. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the blink of an eye, the hard-right's repressive agenda has prevailed. And what little rights remained have been shattered. In a historic acceleration, the far right has, in barely a year, pushed through a &lt;strong&gt;new &lt;a href=&#034;https://static.euobserver.com/2026/03/EUobserver-Return-Regulation_Alternative-Compromise-Amendment-Copy-1.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;common system for the expulsion of third-country nationals without the right to reside in the EU&lt;/a&gt; (known as the &#8216;Return Regulation')&lt;/strong&gt;, repealing the 2008 Return Directive. Another milestone in the war on migrants that began 30 years ago, this Return Regulation consolidates the long-standing erosion of rights by crossing new red lines regarding the rights of foreigners. This new text, which leaves Member States considerable leeway, will undoubtedly lead to further violence against migrant people: &lt;strong&gt;increased criminalisation, widespread detention in camps, externalisation on all fronts, heightened risks to their physical and mental integrity,the institutionalised dismantling of rights.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This regulation clearly aims to take the &#8216;Europeanisation of the worst'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#8220;European Pact on Asylum and Migration: Migreurop's Position and Legal (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; a step further by giving substance to the ambitions of those states most opposed to migration, and by exacerbating or creating new violations of rights on a transnational scale. Above all, it illustrates Europe's anti-migration obsession and the embrace of far-right ideas that are infecting both the public sphere and the institutions of the Union.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A tightening of European migration policies under the influence of the far right&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Return Regulation, which will be binding on Member States, follows on from the European Pact on Migration and Asylum&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Adopted in April 2024, the European Pact on Asylum and Migration will come (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#8211; which establishes common rules for the cut-price management of immigration and asylum and already opened the door to widespread rights violations (obstacles to the right to an effective remedy and legal assistance, brutal detention practices that are increasingly informal and precarious, and a new procedure for border returns). Thus, this regulation aims, on the one hand, to fill the &#8216;gaps' in the Pact by &lt;strong&gt;&#8216;simplifying, facilitating and accelerating' the procedures for deporting people who don't benefit from the right to reside within the Union.&lt;/strong&gt; On the other hand, it aims to satisfy the demands of the European far right, which was calling for even harsher standards towards migrants. The position of the Council of the EU (8 December 2025) had already toughened the Commission's initial text (11 March 2025). The alternative compromise adopted by the LIBE Committee on 9 March &#8211; and for which the negotiating mandate was confirmed by the European Parliament's plenary session on 26 March &#8211; is even more repressive, resulting from an &lt;strong&gt;alliance between the right and the far right, &lt;/strong&gt; struck after several weeks of behind-the-scenes negotiations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;An obsession with security at the expense of fundamental rights&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Following on from the numerous, well-documented violations of rights&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#8220;The &#8216;Open Access Now' campaign gives way to the &#8216;Close the Camps' (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; resulting from the 2008 &#8216;directive of shame' &#8211; and the normalisation of violence against people on the move, which has for years been employed as a deterrent strategy&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#8220;Controlling&#8221; migration: between letting people die and a licence to kill&#8221;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#8211; this text unashamedly contributes to the erosion of the rights and freedoms of foreign nationals. Whilst claiming &#8211; but only for appearances' sake &#8211; to act with &#8220;full respect&#8221; for them, even though &lt;strong&gt;no impact assessment preceded this regulation, as required by current European legislation.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The language used in this text reveals nothing but hostility and mistrust towards those without the right to reside in the Union, who must be got rid of in the name of &#8216;taking control' and &#8216;effectiveness' in the fight against so-called irregular immigration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Emphasis is placed on the need to guarantee &#8220;territorial integrity, the maintenance of public order and the safeguarding of national security&#8221; within the Union&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;https://static.euobserver.com/2026/03/EUobserver-Return-Regulation_Alternative-C&#034; id=&#034;nh6-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . &lt;strong&gt;The grounds for a &#8220;security risk&#8221; are no longer limited to serious crimes but have been extended to criminal offences punishable by at least two years' imprisonment, or to any threat to security under national law. &lt;/strong&gt; For migrants allegedly posing this &#8220;risk&#8221;, exceptions to the (strict) general rules are introduced (&lt;strong&gt;entry bans and longer detention periods, specialised detention centres&lt;/strong&gt;). Whilst &lt;strong&gt;measures aimed at detecting and surveilling people &lt;/strong&gt; without the right to reside in the Union have ultimately been removed from the latest version of the text, their inclusion in a recital &lt;strong&gt;leaves the door open for the Council to reintroduce intrusive investigative methods to track them down&lt;/strong&gt;. Furthermore, there are numerous provisions that directly undermine fundamental rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Systematic mass detention&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Under previous legislation, the detention of foreign nationals was to be a measure of last resort. The new regulation no longer bothers with such considerations (except for unaccompanied minors &#8211; at least in theory), and &lt;strong&gt;detention becomes de facto systematic with an expansion of the grounds for detention&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;The grounds for detention are extended to include the risk of absconding, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This, whether formal or disguised (e.g. the use of electronic tagging), may apply to &lt;strong&gt;all categories of foreign nationals, including those deemed &#8216;vulnerable'&lt;/strong&gt;: minors (unaccompanied or accompanied), asylum seekers, and people whose state of health is, in principle, incompatible with detention.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, &lt;strong&gt;the maximum period of detention is increased from 18 to 24 months&lt;/strong&gt; (2 x 12 months) &lt;i&gt;&#8216;in a given Member State&lt;/i&gt; &#8221; (Art. 32-3) &#8211; meaning that &lt;strong&gt;detention periods can be cumulative across Member States&lt;/strong&gt; &#8211; and can be &lt;strong&gt;extended indefinitely&lt;/strong&gt; in the event of threats to &#8220;public order&#8221;, public or internal &#8220;security&#8221;, or in the event of an offence. However, European courts have consistently held that administrative detention must be exceptional and proportionate. It should also be noted that in the event of a &#8216;security risk', &lt;strong&gt;the text provides for the legal possibility that such administrative detention may take place in prisons&lt;/strong&gt;, in designated sections, or alongside common law prisoners.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is clear here that the &lt;strong&gt;systematic detention of migrants &lt;/strong&gt; &#8211; in camps or prisons, including in cases of non-cooperation with the authorities &#8211; is &lt;strong&gt;punitive and criminalising&lt;/strong&gt;. This is despite the fact that they are deprived of their liberty because they do not meet the requirements for entry into or residence in a European country, and that Member States have obligations to respect rights under ratified international conventions. Finally, the criminalisation of migrants leads to recurrent violations of their fundamental rights and fuels racism in both migration policies and among the general public.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Deporting faster and further&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This new text demonstrates the EU's determination to allow deportation at any cost and to prevent foreign nationals deemed &#8216;undesirable' from setting foot on European soil, once and for all.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A person subject to a removal procedure will be required to actively cooperate with the authorities regarding their forced return&lt;/strong&gt;, failing which they may face sanctions, particularly financial or criminal penalties (including imprisonment). They may also be &lt;strong&gt;subject to a search and have their personal belongings seized&lt;/strong&gt; (including electronic devices), which may infringe upon the rights of asylum seekers, the right to privacy and the protection of personal data.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The aim is to &lt;strong&gt;speed up forced removals through the mutual recognition and enforcement of removal decisions &lt;/strong&gt; between Member States, potentially &lt;strong&gt;without individual review of cases&lt;/strong&gt; between the country that issued the expulsion order and the one enforcing it, which risks undermining the principle of non-refoulement. Furthermore, it will now be possible to &lt;strong&gt;deport a person without waiting for the final removal decision,&lt;/strong&gt; as the automatic suspensive effect of an appeal against that decision has been removed, which may undermine the right to an effective remedy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Under the pretext of circumventing the alleged lack of cooperation from countries of origin or transit &#8211; which could lead to sanctions &#8211; or the practical impossibility of returning a person, the new European legislation also broadens the definition of &#8216;country of return'. &lt;strong&gt;This provides for the possibility of deporting migrant people to third countries they have never set foot in&lt;/strong&gt; &#8211; with the notable exception of unaccompanied minors (Art. 17-4) &#8211; &lt;strong&gt;with which they have no connection &lt;/strong&gt; (nationality, transit or residence), and &lt;strong&gt;without their consent&lt;/strong&gt;, as this requirement has simply been removed from the new text. To this end, &lt;strong&gt;Member States or the EU will be able to negotiate agreements (formal or informal) with countries outside Europe (&lt;i&gt;return hubs&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/strong&gt;, and will simply be required to inform the European Commission. It will be up to these third countries to &#8216;manage' the populations returned from Europe (detention, deportations?), without any provision for a mechanism for ex ante or ex post monitoring of these deportations by the European institutions, and &lt;strong&gt;without a suspension clause in the event of rights violations&lt;/strong&gt;. This text also permits the &lt;strong&gt;sharing of data with third countries&lt;/strong&gt;, including data relating to criminal convictions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Member States are thus completely absolving themselves of the consequences and repercussions of these deportations, in breach of the principle of Member States' extraterritorial responsibility in cases of dangerous return&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;cf. Art. 3 European Convention on Human Rights&#034; id=&#034;nh6-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Furthermore, if the country of return cannot be determined, it will be possible to issue a deportation order that specifies none&#8230; or to designate several, which in both cases will hinder the ability to challenge these decisions. Furthermore,&lt;strong&gt; there is no need to declare the third country of return &#8216;safe', &lt;/strong&gt; except for asylum seekers whose applications have been deemed inadmissible.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Finally, &lt;strong&gt;bans on re-entry into the European Union&lt;/strong&gt; following deportation may be imposed even before a removal order has been issued, or even after the person has left the territory. The maximum duration of this ban (previously five years) &#8211; initially extended to 10, then 20 years &#8211; is ultimately not specified in the latest version of the text&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Recital 20: &#8216;The duration of an entry ban must be determined with due regard (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , except for persons who would pose a security risk, in which case the ban may be indefinite (i.e. permanent). To add insult to injury, &lt;i&gt;&#8216;Member States may make the lifting of an entry ban conditional upon the reimbursement of the costs incurred in removing the third-country &lt;/i&gt;national' (Art. 11-3).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Declaring third countries &#8216;safe' &lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To carry out their anti-migration policies and shirk their responsibilities regarding reception and international protection, European states have relied for over 20 years on the &lt;strong&gt;concept of &#8216;safe countries'&lt;/strong&gt;. This label, intended to be effective and in theory conditional upon respect for the rule of law and effective protection in situ, conveniently designates strategic geographical areas as safe. As provided for in the European Pact, this concept has been reformed. On 10 February 2026, the European Parliament thus adopted two texts that &lt;strong&gt;drastically limit the scope of the right to asylum. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The first text establishes the first common and harmonised European list of &#8216;safe countries of origin', comprising Bangladesh, Tunisia, Morocco, Kosovo, Colombia, Egypt and India &#8211; a list that is staggering given the &lt;strong&gt;abuses against migrants reported in these countries&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;In particular, inEgypt, Morocco and Tunisia&#034; id=&#034;nh6-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Furthermore, &lt;strong&gt;all countries applying for EU membership are automatically considered &#8216;safe'&lt;/strong&gt; (with the exception of Ukraine). This initial concept allows Member States&lt;strong&gt; to examine applications for protection under an accelerated procedure&lt;/strong&gt; when they come from nationals of a so-called &#8220;safe country of origin&#8221;, in violation of the right to an effective remedy and respect for the rights of the defence. Furthermore, as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has pointed out, the application of the safe country of origin concept would, in principle, prevent an entire group of asylum seekers from obtaining refugee status, which would contravene the Geneva Convention&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;General Note on the Concept of Country and Refugee Status, EC/SCP/68, UNHCR, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , as well as being contrary to the principle of non-discrimination on grounds of nationality.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The European Pact on Asylum and Migration also provides that a country may be considered partially &#8216;safe' and that the accelerated procedure may also apply to foreign nationals from countries where the rate of acceptance of asylum applications in the European Member State of arrival is less than 20%.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The second text &lt;strong&gt;broadens the concept of &#8216;safe third countries',&lt;/strong&gt; but without providing a list. &lt;strong&gt;This allows an asylum application to be declared inadmissible without substantive examination for persons who have passed through a &#8216;safe third country',&lt;/strong&gt; on the grounds that the person could have sought asylum there, with a view to returning them there. However, automatically classifying a country as &#8216;safe' may lead to a person being returned without a thorough examination of their individual circumstances, which would undermine the principle of non-refoulement, and without the appeal having suspensive effect, in violation of the right to an effective remedy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Legalising existing outsourcing practices&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The EU and European countries have for years sought to outsource their responsibilities regarding migration and asylum management&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#8220;The externalisation of the European Union's immigration and asylum (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. By first delegating border controls and maritime interceptions (Morocco, Libya, Turkey, Tunisia, ...), then seeking to delegate detention and/or asylum processing (Rwanda, Albania, the 2025 letter of intent between the Netherlands and Uganda aimed at creating a &#8216;return centre' for rejected asylum seekers), and finally by outsourcing deportations (Tirana/Cairo deportation, May 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#8220;The Italian government's first repatriation operation directly from (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, the &lt;strong&gt;externalisation of asylum is more favored than ever by MEPs&lt;/strong&gt;. Whilst the most recent initiatives in this direction (the UK&#8211;Rwanda deal of 2022 and the Italy&#8211;Albania deal of 2023) have failed, having been struck down by national and European courts, on 15 May 2024, 15 Member States sent a letter to the European Commission calling for the development of a common system for the externalisation of asylum processing, drawing inspiration in particular from the Italy-Albania protocol, and pushing for the &lt;strong&gt;establishment of &#8216;return hubs' in &#8216;safe third countries' to which those being returned could be &#8216;transferred'. &lt;/strong&gt; For its part, the European Commission has, contrary to common sense and international law, described the relocation of asylum procedures to third countries as an &#8220;innovative solution&#8221;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ursula von der Leyen described the Italy-Albania protocol as &#8220;thinking (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Finally, building on discussions surrounding the Return Regulation, five EU member states (Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Denmark and Greece) wasted no time in seizing the opportunity. Forming a coalition, they met on 5 March 2026 with a view to &lt;strong&gt;&#8216;concretely implementing' externalised camps outside the EU &lt;/strong&gt; to which people deported from Europe would be sent&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#8220;Five EU countries want to create return hubs for migrantsoutside Europe&#8221;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . They are now working to negotiate formal or informal agreements to this effect with non-EU countries.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;
Unprecedented attacks on the rule of law&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 22 May 2025, nine EU Member States (Italy, Denmark, Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland) signed an &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/Lettera_aperta_22052025.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;open letter&lt;/a&gt; calling for &lt;i&gt;&#8220;a new and open-minded discussion on the interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights&lt;/i&gt;&#8221;. The signatory states criticise the European Court of Human Rights' overly broad interpretation of the Convention in relation to immigration, particularly regarding the prohibition on subjecting a person within their jurisdiction to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (Art. 3) &#8212;a prohibition which is, however, absolute and admits of no exceptions&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;ECHR, Soering v. the United Kingdom judgment], 1989&#034; id=&#034;nh6-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#8212; or the protection of private and family life (Art. 8). Through this frontal assault on the judiciary, these states are in reality demanding greater flexibility to depart from basic safeguards in immigration law&#8230;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The legislative initiatives of recent months reflect &lt;strong&gt;the Member States' clear desire to free themselves from European law as it currently stands, which for the time being acts as a barrier &#8211; at least in theory &#8211; to the violation of their international obligations&lt;/strong&gt;, the aim being to establish a new legal framework that would allow them to shirk their responsibilities in the field of migration without difficulty.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There remains the hope that these attempts to undermine rights will be challenged during the trilogue negotiations and/or, ultimately, by the European courts&#8230;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Whilst EU law is supposed to protect individual rights and safeguard freedoms, for decades it has been trampling on them in the name of a fabricated &#8216;migration threat'. In the wake of the European Pact and other forthcoming reforms (renegotiation of the Facilitation Directive, amendment to the Frontex Regulation), new red lines have been crossed, and &lt;strong&gt;the Return Regulation confirms the reshaping of EU law to adapt it to the racist, anti-migration and anti-democratic ideology &lt;/strong&gt; that prevails across Europe and far beyond.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This overt policy of mass detention and externalisation confirms &#8211; if confirmation were still needed &#8211; the foundation of the policy of deterrence, coercion and criminalisation within the EU, against which Migreurop has been fighting for 20 years. More than ever, the network and its members reaffirm their commitment to upholding the rights of migrant people and opposing this narrative of hatred. Migreurop will continue to work towards broadening the collective imagination to conceive of alternative migration policies that are radically different, resolutely inclusive, based on solidarity and decolonial principles, centred on freedom of movement and settlement for all, and focused on the strict respect for rights.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;_&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3111.html&#034;&gt;&#8220;European Pact on Asylum and Migration: Migreurop's Position and Legal&lt;/a&gt; Analysis&#8221;, Migreurop Position Paper, 5 December 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Adopted in April 2024, the European Pact on Asylum and Migration will come into force in June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article2693.html&#034;&gt;The &#8216;Open Access Now' campaign gives way to the &#8216;Close the Camps'&lt;/a&gt; campaign&#8221;, Migreurop, 23 May 2016&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3211.html&#034;&gt;&#8220;Controlling&#8221; migration: between letting people die and a licence to&lt;/a&gt; kill&#8221;, Migreurop press release, 27 October 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://static.euobserver.com/2026/03/EUobserver-Return-Regulation_Alternative-Compromise-Amendment-Copy-1.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://static.euobserver.com/2026/03/EUobserver-Return-Regulation_Alternative-Compromise-Amendment-Copy-1.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;The grounds for detention are extended to include the risk of absconding, obstruction of the removal procedure, &#8220;security risks&#8221;, the need to determine or verify identity and nationality, or failure to comply with so-called alternatives to detention, including a lack of cooperation in obtaining travel documents, or any other relevant factor indicating that detention is necessary to ensure a swift and effective return&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;cf. Art. 3 European Convention on Human Rights&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Recital 20: &#8216;The duration of an entry ban must be determined with due regard to all the relevant circumstances of the individual case'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;In particular, in&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70181/amnesty-international-denonce-un-climat-de-peur-generalisee-chez-les-migrants-en-egypte&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Egypt&lt;/a&gt;, Morocco and &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/cultures-monde/la-traque-des-migrants-subsahariens-1012753&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.unhcr.org/fr-fr/editions/note-generale-sur-la-notion-de-pays-et-sur-le-statut-de-refugie&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;General Note on the Concept of Country and Refugee Status&lt;/a&gt;, EC/SCP/68, UNHCR, 26 July 1991&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/notes_plaidoyer_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;The externalisation of the European Union's immigration and asylum&lt;/a&gt; policies&#8221;, Migreurop advocacy note,1sthalfof 2019&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://altreconomia.it/il-primo-rimpatrio-italiano-di-migranti-irregolari-direttamente-dallalbania/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;The Italian government's first repatriation operation directly from&lt;/a&gt; Albania&#8221;, Altreeconomia, 23 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ursula von der Leyen described the Italy-Albania protocol as &#8220;thinking outside the box&#8221; (in &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/10/15/delocalisation-des-migrants-hors-de-lue-la-commission-europeenne-favorable-aux-centres-de-&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Relocating migrants outside the EU: the European Commission in favour of return&lt;/a&gt; centres&#8221;, Euronews, 15 October 2024)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/03/06/cinq-pays-de-lue-veulent-creer-des-plateformes-de-retour-pour-migrants-hors-deurope&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Five EU countries want to create return hubs for migrants&lt;/a&gt;outside Europe&#8221;, Euronews, 6 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;ECHR, &lt;a href=&#034;https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-62176%22&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Soering v. the United Kingdom judgment&lt;/a&gt;}], 1989&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
		<enclosure url="https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/executive_summary_-_analysis_of_return_regulation.pdf" length="86386" type="application/pdf" />
		
		<enclosure url="https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/migreurop_analysis_return_regulation_.pdf" length="271619" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Adoption du r&#232;glement europ&#233;en &#171; retour &#187; : la mise &#224; mort du droit international</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3560.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3560.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-03-26T13:51:15Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Politiques migratoires</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Renvois forc&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Enfermement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;&#8505;&#65039;Retrouvez la synth&#232;se de l'analyse ici. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Dans la continuit&#233; des r&#233;formes l&#233;gislatives attentatoires aux droits adopt&#233;es derni&#232;rement (Pacte europ&#233;en sur l'immigration et l'asile, r&#233;forme Code Schengen, red&#233;finition du concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;...), les eurod&#233;put&#233;&#183;e&#183;s ont approuv&#233; le 26 mars 2026 un nouvel instrument qui r&#233;duit &#224; n&#233;ant les droits des personnes exil&#233;es et poursuit le d&#233;mant&#232;lement du droit de l'Union, et partant du droit international. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
En un tour de main, le projet (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique456.html" rel="directory"&gt;Communiqu&#233;s Migreurop&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Politiques migratoires&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Renvois forc&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Enfermement&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot204.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH131/image-a1553.png?1774531215' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='131' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8505;&#65039;Retrouvez la &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/resume_executif_-_analyse_reglement_retour.pdf&#034;&gt;synth&#232;se de l'analyse ici&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dans la continuit&#233; des r&#233;formes l&#233;gislatives attentatoires aux droits adopt&#233;es derni&#232;rement (Pacte europ&#233;en sur l'immigration et l'asile, r&#233;forme Code Schengen, red&#233;finition du concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;...), les eurod&#233;put&#233;&#183;e&#183;s ont approuv&#233; le 26 mars 2026 un nouvel instrument qui r&#233;duit &#224; n&#233;ant les droits des personnes exil&#233;es et poursuit le d&#233;mant&#232;lement du droit de l'Union, et partant du droit international. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En un tour de main, le projet r&#233;pressif de la droite dure l'a donc emport&#233;. Et le peu de droits qui subsistait a vol&#233; en &#233;clats. Dans une acc&#233;l&#233;ration de l'Histoire, l'extr&#234;me droite a fait adopter en un an &#224; peine un &lt;strong&gt;nouveau &lt;a href=&#034;https://static.euobserver.com/2026/03/EUobserver-Return-Regulation_Alternative-Compromise-Amendment-Copy-1.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;syst&#232;me commun en mati&#232;re d'expulsions des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s de pays tiers sans droit au s&#233;jour dans l'Union&lt;/a&gt; (dit &#171; r&#232;glement retour &#187;),&lt;/strong&gt; abrogeant la directive retour de 2008. &#201;ni&#232;me jalon de la guerre aux migrant&#183;e&#183;s d&#233;but&#233;e il y a 30 ans, ce r&#232;glement retour consolide la destruction du droit entam&#233;e de longue date en franchissant de nouvelles lignes rouges en mati&#232;re de droits des &#233;trangers. Ce nouveau texte, qui laisse une grande marge de man&#339;uvre aux &#201;tats membres, produira &#224; n'en pas douter davantage de violences envers les personnes exil&#233;es : &lt;strong&gt;criminalisation renforc&#233;e, encampement g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233;, externalisation tous azimuts, risques accrus pour leur int&#233;grit&#233; physique et mentale, recul des droits institutionnalis&#233;. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce r&#232;glement a clairement pour objectif d'aller plus loin dans &#171; l'europ&#233;anisation du pire &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Pacte europ&#233;en sur l'asile et la migration : positionnement de Migreurop (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; en donnant corps aux vell&#233;it&#233;s des &#201;tats les plus oppos&#233;s aux migrations, et en aggravant ou cr&#233;ant de nouvelles violations des droits &#224; l'&#233;chelle transnationale. Il illustre surtout l'obsession anti-migratoire europ&#233;enne, et l'adh&#233;sion aux id&#233;es d'extr&#234;me-droite qui gangr&#232;nent tant l'espace public que les institutions de l'Union.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Un durcissement des politiques migratoires europ&#233;ennes sous influence de la droite dure&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le r&#232;glement retour, qui s'imposera aux &#201;tats membres, s'inscrit dans le prolongement du Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Adopt&#233; en avril 2024, le pacte europ&#233;en asile et migration entrera en (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; - qui &#233;tablit des r&#232;gles communes pour la gestion au rabais de l'immigration et de l'asile et ouvrait d&#233;j&#224; la porte &#224; des violations g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233;es des droits (entraves au droit &#224; un recours effectif et &#224; une assistance juridique, pratiques brutales de d&#233;tention de plus en plus informelles et pr&#233;caires, nouvelle proc&#233;dure de renvois aux fronti&#232;res). Aussi, ce r&#232;glement vise-t-il d'une part &#224; combler les &#171; lacunes &#187; du Pacte en &lt;strong&gt;&#171; simplifiant, facilitant et acc&#233;l&#233;rant &#187; les proc&#233;dures d'expulsion&lt;/strong&gt; des personnes sans droit au s&#233;jour au sein de l'Union. Il vise d'autre part &#224; combler les vell&#233;it&#233;s de l'extr&#234;me droite europ&#233;enne, qui r&#233;clamait des normes encore plus dures envers les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s. La position du Conseil de l'UE (8 d&#233;cembre 2025) avait d&#233;j&#224; durci le texte initial de la Commission (11 mars 2025). Le compromis alternatif adopt&#233; par la Commission parlementaire LIBE le 9 mars &#8211; et dont le mandat de n&#233;gociation a &#233;t&#233; confirm&#233; par la pl&#233;ni&#232;re du Parlement europ&#233;en le 26 mars - est plus r&#233;pressif encore, r&#233;sultant d&lt;strong&gt;'une alliance entre la droite et l'extr&#234;me droite&lt;/strong&gt;, conclue apr&#232;s plusieurs semaines de n&#233;gociations en coulisses.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Une obsession s&#233;curitaire au m&#233;pris des droits fondamentaux&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans la continuit&#233; des multiples violations des droits, largement document&#233;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; La campagne 'Open Access Now' laisse place &#224; la mobilisation 'Close the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, g&#233;n&#233;r&#233;es par la &#171; directive de la honte &#187; de 2008 &#8211;, et de la normalisation de la violence envers les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#233;rig&#233;e depuis des ann&#233;es en strat&#233;gie de dissuasion&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Contr&#244;ler &#187; les migrations : entre laisser-mourir et permis de tuer &#187;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, ce texte verse sans complexes dans l'an&#233;antissement des droits et libert&#233;s des personnes &#233;trang&#232;res. Tout en affirmant &#8211; mais seulement pour la forme &#8211; agir dans leur &#171; plein respect &#187;, alors m&#234;me qu'&lt;strong&gt;aucune &#233;tude d'impact n'a pr&#233;c&#233;d&#233; ce r&#232;glement, comme l'exige pourtant la l&#233;gislation europ&#233;enne en vigueur&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le vocabulaire utilis&#233; dans ce texte ne montre qu'hostilit&#233; et d&#233;fiance envers les personnes d&#233;pourvues de droit au s&#233;jour dans l'Union, dont il faudrait se d&#233;barrasser au nom de la &#171; reprise en main &#187; et de &#171; l'efficacit&#233; &#187; de la lutte contre l'immigration dite irr&#233;guli&#232;re.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Insistance est faite sur la n&#233;cessit&#233; de garantir &#171; l'int&#233;grit&#233; territoriale, le maintien de l'ordre public et la sauvegarde de la s&#233;curit&#233; nationale &#187; au sein de l'Union&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;https://static.euobserver.com/2026/03/EUobserver-Return-Regulation_Alternative-C&#034; id=&#034;nh7-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Les motifs du &#171; risque s&#233;curitaire &#187; ne se limitent plus aux crimes graves mais sont &#233;tendus aux infractions p&#233;nales passibles d'au moins deux ans de prison, ou &#224; toute menace pour la s&#233;curit&#233; en vertu du droit national. &lt;/strong&gt; Pour les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s pr&#233;sentant ce &#171; risque &#187;, sont pr&#233;vues des d&#233;rogations aux (strictes) r&#232;gles g&#233;n&#233;rales (&lt;strong&gt;interdictions d'entr&#233;e et p&#233;riodes de d&#233;tention plus longues, recours &#224; des centres de d&#233;tention sp&#233;cialis&#233;s&lt;/strong&gt;). Si les &lt;strong&gt;mesures visant &#224; la d&#233;tection et surveillance&lt;/strong&gt; des personnes sans droit au s&#233;jour dans l'Union ont finalement disparues de la derni&#232;re version du texte, leur introduction dans un consid&#233;rant &lt;strong&gt;laisse la porte ouverte au Conseil pour r&#233;introduire des m&#233;thodes d'enqu&#234;tes intrusives permettant de les traquer. &lt;/strong&gt; Par ailleurs, nombreuses sont les dispositions qui attentent directement aux droits fondamentaux.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Une d&#233;tention de masse syst&#233;matis&#233;e&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En vertu de la l&#233;gislation pr&#233;c&#233;dente, l'enfermement des personnes &#233;trang&#232;res devait &#234;tre une mesure de dernier ressort. Le nouveau r&#232;glement ne s'embarrasse plus de telles consid&#233;rations (sauf pour les mineurs isol&#233;s &#8211; du moins en th&#233;orie), et &lt;strong&gt;l'enfermement devient de facto syst&#233;matique avec une extension des motifs de d&#233;tention&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Les motifs de d&#233;tention sont &#233;tendus au risque de fuite, &#224; l'entrave &#224; la (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Celle-ci, qu'elle soit formelle ou d&#233;guis&#233;e (cf. usage de bracelets &#233;lectroniques), pourra s'appliquer &#224; &lt;strong&gt;toutes les cat&#233;gories d'&#233;tranger&#183;&#232;re&#183;s, y compris celles dites &#171; vuln&#233;rables &#187;&lt;/strong&gt; : les mineur&#183;e&#183;s (seul&#183;e&#183;s ou accompagn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s), les demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile, et les personnes dont l'&#233;tat de sant&#233; est a priori incompatible avec une mesure d'enfermement.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En outre, &lt;strong&gt;la dur&#233;e maximale d'enfermement passe de 18 &#224; 24 mois&lt;/strong&gt; (2x12 mois) &#171; &lt;i&gt;dans un &#201;tat membre donn&#233;&lt;/i&gt; &#187; (Art. 32-3) - ce qui signifie que &lt;strong&gt;la d&#233;tention peut &#234;tre cumulable d'un &#201;tat &#224; l'autre - et prolongeable ind&#233;finiment&lt;/strong&gt; en cas de menaces &#224; &#171; l'ordre public &#187;, &#224; la &#171; s&#233;curit&#233; &#187; publique ou int&#233;rieure, ou en cas d'infraction. Pourtant, les juridictions europ&#233;ennes ont de jurisprudence constante rappel&#233; que la d&#233;tention administrative doit &#234;tre exceptionnelle et proportionn&#233;e. Notons &#233;galement qu'en cas de &#171; risque s&#233;curitaire &#187;, &lt;strong&gt;le texte ouvre la possibilit&#233; l&#233;gale que cette d&#233;tention administrative s'effectue dans des &#233;tablissements p&#233;nitentiaires&lt;/strong&gt;, dans des sections r&#233;serv&#233;es, ou &#224; d&#233;faut avec des prisonniers de droit commun.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Il est ici &#233;vident que la &lt;strong&gt;syst&#233;matisation de l'enfermement des personnes exil&#233;es&lt;/strong&gt; &#8211; dans des camps ou des prisons, y compris en cas de non-coop&#233;ration avec les autorit&#233;s &#8211; &lt;strong&gt;est punitive et criminalisante&lt;/strong&gt;. Ce, alors m&#234;me que les personnes concern&#233;es sont priv&#233;es de libert&#233; faute de remplir les r&#232;gles pour entrer ou s&#233;journer dans un pays europ&#233;en, et que les &#201;tats membres ont des obligations quant au respect des droits au titre des conventions internationales ratifi&#233;es. Enfin, la criminalisation des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s est &#224; l'origine de violations r&#233;currentes de leurs droits fondamentaux, et nourrit le racisme des politiques migratoires, comme des populations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Expulser plus vite et plus loin&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce nouveau texte d&#233;montre la volont&#233; europ&#233;enne de permettre l'expulsion &#224; tout prix et d'emp&#234;cher les personnes &#233;trang&#232;res consid&#233;r&#233;es comme 'ind&#233;sirables' de fouler le sol europ&#233;en. Une bonne fois pour toutes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Une personne soumise &#224; une proc&#233;dure d'expulsion devra activement coop&#233;rer &#224; son renvoi forc&#233; avec les autorit&#233;s&lt;/strong&gt;, sous peine de sanctions notamment financi&#232;res ou p&#233;nales (y compris via un emprisonnement). Elle pourra en outre &#234;tre &lt;strong&gt;soumise &#224; une fouille et voir ses effets personnels saisis&lt;/strong&gt; (y compris ses appareils &#233;lectroniques), ce qui peut porter atteinte aux droits des demandeurs d'asile, au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et &#224; la protection des donn&#233;es personnelles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'objectif est &lt;strong&gt;d'acc&#233;l&#233;rer les renvois forc&#233;s par la reconnaissance et l'ex&#233;cution mutuelle des d&#233;cisions de renvoi entre &#201;tats membres&lt;/strong&gt;, donc potentiellement &lt;strong&gt;sans r&#233;examen individuel&lt;/strong&gt; des situations entre le pays ayant &#233;mis l'ordre d'expulsion et celui qui l'ex&#233;cute, ce qui risque de porter atteinte au principe de non-refoulement. De plus, il sera d&#233;sormais possible &lt;strong&gt;d'expulser une personne sans attendre la d&#233;cision d&#233;finitive de renvoi,&lt;/strong&gt; l'automaticit&#233; du caract&#232;re suspensif du recours en annulation contre cette d&#233;cision ayant &#233;t&#233; supprim&#233;e, ce qui peut porter atteinte au droit &#224; un recours effectif.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Par ailleurs, sous pr&#233;texte de contourner le pr&#233;tendu manque de coop&#233;ration des pays d'origine ou de transit &#8211; pouvant donner lieu &#224; des sanctions &#8211; ou l'impossibilit&#233; mat&#233;rielle de renvoyer une personne, la nouvelle l&#233;gislation europ&#233;enne &#233;largit &#233;galement la d&#233;finition du &#171; pays de retour &#187;. &lt;strong&gt;Est ainsi pr&#233;vue la possibilit&#233; d'expulser les personnes exil&#233;es dans des pays tiers jamais foul&#233;s&lt;/strong&gt; &#8211; &#224; l'exception notable des mineur&#183;e&#183;s isol&#233;&#183;e&#183;s (art. 17-4) &#8211;, &lt;strong&gt;sans lien de connexion&lt;/strong&gt; (nationalit&#233;, transit ou s&#233;jour) avec elles, et&lt;strong&gt; sans leur consentement&lt;/strong&gt;, cette notion &#233;tant tout bonnement supprim&#233;e du nouveau texte. &lt;strong&gt;Les &#201;tats membres ou l'UE pourront pour ce faire n&#233;gocier des accords (formels ou informels) avec des pays hors Europe&lt;/strong&gt; (&lt;i&gt;return hubs&lt;/i&gt;), et devront simplement en informer la Commission europ&#233;enne. A charge pour ces pays tiers de &#171; g&#233;rer &#187; les populations renvoy&#233;es d'Europe (mise en d&#233;tention, expulsions ?), sans que ne soit pr&#233;vu un m&#233;canisme de contr&#244;le a priori ou a posteriori de ces expulsions par les institutions europ&#233;ennes, et &lt;strong&gt;sans clause de suspension en cas de violation des droits&lt;/strong&gt;. Ce texte permet &#233;galement le &lt;strong&gt;partage de donn&#233;es avec des pays tiers&lt;/strong&gt;, y compris celles relatives aux condamnations p&#233;nales.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les &#201;tats membres se d&#233;faussent ainsi totalement des cons&#233;quences et des suites de ces expulsions, en violation du principe de responsabilit&#233; extraterritoriale des &#201;tats membres en cas de renvoi dangereux&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Cf. art. 3 Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme&#034; id=&#034;nh7-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En outre, si le pays de retour ne peut &#234;tre d&#233;termin&#233;, il sera possible de notifier un ordre d'expulsion qui n'en fixe aucun&#8230; ou bien d'en d&#233;signer plusieurs, ce qui dans les deux cas entravera les possibilit&#233;s de contester ces d&#233;cisions.&lt;strong&gt; Il n'y a par ailleurs nul besoin de d&#233;clarer &#171; s&#251;r &#187; le pays tiers de renvoi,&lt;/strong&gt; sauf pour les demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile dont la demande a &#233;t&#233; jug&#233;e irrecevable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Enfin, des&lt;strong&gt; interdictions d'entr&#233;e &lt;/strong&gt; sur le territoire europ&#233;en peuvent &#234;tre prononc&#233;es sans qu'une d&#233;cision de renvoi ait &#233;t&#233; rendue, voire apr&#232;s que la personne a quitt&#233; le territoire. La dur&#233;e maximale de cette interdiction (de cinq ans auparavant) &#8211; d'abord port&#233;e &#224; 10, puis 20 ans &#8211; n'est finalement pas pr&#233;cis&#233;e dans la derni&#232;re version du texte&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Consid&#233;rant 20 : &#171; La dur&#233;e d'une interdiction d'entr&#233;e doit &#234;tre d&#233;termin&#233;e (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, sauf pour les personnes qui constitueraient un risque pour la s&#233;curit&#233;, auquel cas le bannissement peut &#234;tre ind&#233;fini (soit d&#233;finitif). Comble du cynisme, &#171; &lt;i&gt;les &#201;tats membres peuvent subordonner la lev&#233;e d'une interdiction d'entr&#233;e au remboursement des frais engag&#233;s pour l'&#233;loignement du ressortissant d'un pays tiers&lt;/i&gt; &#187; (Art. 11-3).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;D&#233;cr&#233;ter des pays tiers comme &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour mener &#224; bien leurs projets anti-migratoires et se d&#233;fausser de leurs responsabilit&#233;s en mati&#232;re d'accueil et de protection internationale, les &#201;tats europ&#233;ens s'appuient depuis plus de 20 ans sur le &lt;strong&gt;concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;. Ce label &#224; vis&#233;e performative, en th&#233;orie conditionn&#233; par le respect de l'&#201;tat de droit et d'une protection effective in situ, d&#233;cr&#232;te opportun&#233;ment des espaces g&#233;ographiques strat&#233;giques comme s&#251;rs. Tel que pr&#233;vu par le Pacte europ&#233;en, ce concept a &#233;t&#233; r&#233;form&#233;. Le Parlement europ&#233;en a ainsi adopt&#233; le 10 f&#233;vrier 2026 deux textes qui limitent drastiquement la port&#233;e du droit d'asile. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le premier texte &#233;tablit la premi&#232;re liste europ&#233;enne commune et harmonis&#233;e de &#171; pays d'origine s&#251;rs &#187;, comprenant le Bangladesh, la Tunisie, le Maroc, le Kosovo, la Colombie, l'&#201;gypte et l'Inde, liste qui laisse pantois au regard des &lt;strong&gt;exactions &#224; l'encontre des personnes migrantes d&#233;nonc&#233;es dans ces pays&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Notamment en &#201;gypte, au Maroc, et en Tunisie&#034; id=&#034;nh7-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Par ailleurs, &lt;strong&gt;tous les &#201;tats candidats &#224; l'adh&#233;sion &#224; l'UE sont automatiquement consid&#233;r&#233;s comme &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;&lt;/strong&gt; (&#224; l'exception de l'Ukraine). Ce premier concept permet aux &#201;tats membres d'&lt;strong&gt;examiner en proc&#233;dure acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;e les demandes de protection &lt;/strong&gt; lorsqu'elles &#233;manent de ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s d'un pays dit &#171; d'origine s&#251;r &#187;, en violation du droit &#224; un recours effectif et du respect des droits de la d&#233;fense. De plus, comme l'a pr&#233;cis&#233; le Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les R&#233;fugi&#233;s (HCR), l'application du concept de pays d'origine s&#251;r emp&#234;cherait a priori tout un groupe de personnes en qu&#234;te d'asile d'obtenir le statut de r&#233;fugi&#233;, ce qui contreviendrait &#224; la Convention de Gen&#232;ve&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Note g&#233;n&#233;rale sur la notion de pays et sur le statut de r&#233;fugi&#233;, EC/SCP/68, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, en plus d'&#234;tre contraire au principe de non-discrimination en raison de la nationalit&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Pacte europ&#233;en asile et migration pr&#233;voit par ailleurs qu'un pays peut &#234;tre consid&#233;r&#233; comme partiellement &#171; s&#251;r &#187; et que la proc&#233;dure acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;e peut &#233;galement s'appliquer aux &#233;trangers provenant de pays o&#249; le taux d'acceptation des demandes d'asile, dans l'&#201;tat europ&#233;en d'arriv&#233;e, est inf&#233;rieur &#224; 20 %.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le deuxi&#232;me texte &lt;strong&gt;&#233;largit le concept de &#171; pays tiers s&#251;rs &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;, mais sans en donner une liste. Celui-ci &lt;strong&gt;permet de d&#233;clarer irrecevable sans examen au fond une demande d'asile pour les personnes pass&#233;es par un &#171; pays tiers s&#251;r &#187;,&lt;/strong&gt; au motif que la personne aurait pu y demander l'asile, en vue de les y renvoyer. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Or, le classement automatique d'un pays comme &#171; s&#251;r &#187; peut conduire au renvoi d'une personne sans examen approfondi de sa situation individuelle, ce qui porterait atteinte au principe de non-refoulement, et sans effet suspensif du recours, en violation du droit &#224; un recours effectif.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L&#233;galiser des pratiques d'externalisation d&#233;j&#224; existantes&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'UE et les pays europ&#233;ens cherchent depuis des ann&#233;es &#224; externaliser leurs responsabilit&#233;s en mati&#232;re de gestion des migrations et de l'asile&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; L'externalisation des politiques d'immigration et d'asile de l'Union (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En d&#233;l&#233;guant en premier lieu les contr&#244;les frontaliers et les interceptions maritimes (Maroc, Libye, Turquie, Tunisie, ...), en souhaitant d&#233;l&#233;guer par la suite la d&#233;tention et/ou le traitement de l'asile (Rwanda, Albanie, lettre d'intention Pays-Bas/Ouganda 2025 visant la cr&#233;ation d'un &#171; centre de retour &#187; pour les demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile d&#233;bout&#233;&#183;e&#183;s), enfin en d&#233;localisant l'expulsion (Expulsion Tirana/Le Caire mai 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#8220;La prima operazione di rimpatrio del governo italiano direttamente (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;D'autre part, &lt;strong&gt;l'externalisation de l'asile a plus que jamais le vent en poupe&lt;/strong&gt;. Alors que les derniers projets en date allant dans ce sens (deal Royaume-Uni/Rwanda 2022, deal Italie/Albanie 2023) ont &#233;chou&#233;, sanctionn&#233;s par les juridictions nationales et europ&#233;ennes, le 15 mai 2024 15 &#201;tats membres ont fait parvenir une lettre &#224; la Commission europ&#233;enne, r&#233;clamant le d&#233;veloppement d'un syst&#232;me commun d'externalisation du traitement de l'asile, s'inspirant notamment du protocole Italie-Albanie, et poussant pour l'&#233;tablissement de &lt;strong&gt;&#171; centres de retour &#187; dans des &#171; pays tiers s&#251;rs &#187; vers lesquels les personnes renvoy&#233;es pourraient &#234;tre &#171; transf&#233;r&#233;es &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;. La Commission europ&#233;enne a de son c&#244;t&#233; qualifi&#233;, en d&#233;pit du bon sens et du droit international, la d&#233;localisation des proc&#233;dures d'asile vers des pays tiers de &#171; solution innovante &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ursula Von der Leyen a qualifi&#233; le protocole Italie-Albanie de 'pens&#233;e hors (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Enfin, s'appuyant sur les discussions autour du r&#232;glement retour, cinq pays membres de l'Union (l'Allemagne, les Pays-Bas, l'Autriche, le Danemark et la Gr&#232;ce) se sont sans tarder engouffr&#233;s dans la br&#232;che. Form&#233;s en coalition, ils se sont r&#233;unis le 5 mars 2026 en vue de &#171; mettre en &#339;uvre concr&#232;tement &#187; des &lt;strong&gt;camps externalis&#233;s hors UE pour y envoyer les personnes expuls&#233;es d'Europe&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Cinq pays de l'UE veulent cr&#233;er des plateformes de retour pour migrants (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Ils s'attellent d&#233;sormais &#224; n&#233;gocier avec des pays hors UE des accords formels ou informels dans ce sens.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Des attaques sans pr&#233;c&#233;dent contre l'&#201;tat de droit&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 22 mai 2025, neuf &#201;tats membres de l'UE (l'Italie, le Danemark, l'Autriche, la Belgique, la Tch&#233;quie, l'Estonie, la Lettonie, la Lituanie et la Pologne) ont sign&#233; une &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/Lettera_aperta_22052025.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;lettre ouverte&lt;/a&gt; appelant &#224; &#171; &lt;i&gt;lancer une discussion nouvelle et ouverte d'esprit au sujet de l'interpr&#233;tation de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme&lt;/i&gt; &#187;. Les &#201;tats signataires critiquent l'interpr&#233;tation trop large de la Convention par la Cour europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, en mati&#232;re d'immigration, notamment en ce qui concerne l'interdiction de soumettre une personne relevant de leur juridiction &#224; des peines ou des traitements inhumains ou d&#233;gradants (art. 3) - dont le caract&#232;re est pourtant absolu et ne souffre aucune exception&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Cour EDH, Arr&#234;t Soering c/ Royaume-Uni], 1989&#034; id=&#034;nh7-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; -, ou la protection de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale (art. 8). Par cette attaque frontale du pouvoir judiciaire, ces &#201;tats r&#233;clament en r&#233;alit&#233; davantage de souplesse pour se d&#233;partir des garanties basiques en droit des &#233;trangers&#8230;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les initiatives l&#233;gislatives de ces derniers mois refl&#232;tent la v&lt;strong&gt;olont&#233; assum&#233;e des &#201;tats membres de s'affranchir du droit europ&#233;en tel qu'il existe actuellement, qui fait pour l'instant obstacle &#8211; du moins en th&#233;orie &#8211; &#224; la violation de leurs obligations internationales&lt;/strong&gt;, le but &#233;tant de se doter d'un nouveau cadre juridique pour pouvoir se d&#233;faire sans difficult&#233;s de leurs responsabilit&#233;s en mati&#232;re migratoire. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Reste l'espoir que ces vell&#233;it&#233;s attentatoires aux droits soient sanctionn&#233;es durant les n&#233;gociations en trilogue et/ou &#224; terme par les juridictions europ&#233;ennes&#8230;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Alors que le droit de l'Union est cens&#233; prot&#233;ger les droits individuels et &#234;tre garant des libert&#233;s, il s'emploie depuis des d&#233;cennies &#224; les pi&#233;tiner au nom d'une &#171; menace migratoire &#187; fantasm&#233;e. Dans le sillage du Pacte europ&#233;en et des autres r&#233;formes &#224; venir (ren&#233;gociation directive Facilitation, amendement r&#232;glement Frontex), de nouvelles lignes rouges ont &#233;t&#233; franchies, et &lt;strong&gt;le r&#232;glement retour ent&#233;rine le remodelage du droit de l'Union en vue de l'adapter &#224; l'id&#233;ologie raciste, anti-migratoire et anti-d&#233;mocratique &lt;/strong&gt; qui pr&#233;vaut &#224; l'&#233;chelle europ&#233;enne et bien au-del&#224;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cette politique assum&#233;e d'enfermement massif et d'externalisation confirme - s'il le fallait encore - l'assise de la politique de dissuasion, coercition et criminalisation au sein de l'Union, contre laquelle se bat Migreurop depuis 20 ans. Plus que jamais, le r&#233;seau et ses membres r&#233;it&#232;rent leur engagement en faveur du respect des droits des personnes exil&#233;es et contre ce narratif de haine. Migreurop continuera d'&#339;uvrer en vue d'&#233;largir les imaginaires collectifs pour penser d'autres politiques migratoires, radicalement diff&#233;rentes, r&#233;solument inclusives, solidaires, d&#233;coloniales, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;s'articulant autour de la libert&#233; de circulation et d'installation pour tou&#183;te&#183;s, et &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ax&#233;es sur le strict respect des droits.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 7-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3111.html&#034;&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur l'asile et la migration : positionnement de Migreurop et analyse juridique &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, positionnement Migreurop, 5 d&#233;cembre 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 7-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Adopt&#233; en avril 2024, le pacte europ&#233;en asile et migration entrera en application en juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 7-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article2693.html&#034;&gt;La campagne 'Open Access Now' laisse place &#224; la mobilisation 'Close the Camps' &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Migreurop, 23 mai 2016&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 7-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3211.html&#034;&gt;Contr&#244;ler &#187; les migrations : entre laisser-mourir et permis de tuer&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Communiqu&#233; Migreurop, 27 octobre 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 7-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://static.euobserver.com/2026/03/EUobserver-Return-Regulation_Alternative-Compromise-Amendment-Copy-1.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://static.euobserver.com/2026/03/EUobserver-Return-Regulation_Alternative-Compromise-Amendment-Copy-1.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 7-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Les motifs de d&#233;tention sont &#233;tendus au risque de fuite, &#224; l'entrave &#224; la proc&#233;dure de renvoi, aux &#171; risques pour la s&#233;curit&#233; &#187;, &#224; la n&#233;cessit&#233; de d&#233;terminer ou de v&#233;rifier l'identit&#233; et la nationalit&#233;, ou au non-respect des mesures dites alternatives &#224; la r&#233;tention, y compris le manque de coop&#233;ration pour l'obtention des documents de voyage, ou tout autre facteur pertinent indiquant que la d&#233;tention est n&#233;cessaire pour garantir un retour rapide et efficace&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 7-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Cf. art. 3 Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 7-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Consid&#233;rant 20 : &#171; La dur&#233;e d'une interdiction d'entr&#233;e doit &#234;tre d&#233;termin&#233;e en tenant d&#251;ment compte de toutes les circonstances pertinentes du cas d'esp&#232;ce &#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 7-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Notamment en &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70181/amnesty-international-denonce-un-climat-de-peur-generalisee-chez-les-migrants-en-egypte&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#201;gypte&lt;/a&gt;, au &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/racisme-au-maghreb-l-alarmante-proliferation-de-la-theorie-du-grand-remplacement_233770&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Maroc&lt;/a&gt;, et en &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/cultures-monde/la-traque-des-migrants-subsahariens-1012753&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 7-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.unhcr.org/fr-fr/editions/note-generale-sur-la-notion-de-pays-et-sur-le-statut-de-refugie&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Note g&#233;n&#233;rale sur la notion de pays et sur le statut de r&#233;fugi&#233;&lt;/a&gt;, EC/SCP/68, HCR, 26 juillet 1991&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 7-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/notes_plaidoyer_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;&#171; L'externalisation des politiques d'immigration et d'asile de l'Union europ&#233;enne &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Note de plaidoyer Migreurop, 1er semestre 2019&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 7-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://altreconomia.it/il-primo-rimpatrio-italiano-di-migranti-irregolari-direttamente-dallalbania/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La prima operazione di rimpatrio del governo italiano direttamente dall'Albania&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, Altreeconomia, 23 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 7-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Ursula Von der Leyen a qualifi&#233; le protocole Italie-Albanie de 'pens&#233;e hors des sentiers battus' (in &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/10/15/delocalisation-des-migrants-hors-de-lue-la-commission-europeenne-favorable-aux-centres-de-&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;D&#233;localisation des migrants hors de l&amp;apos ;UE : la Commission europ&#233;enne favorable aux centres de retour&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Euronews, 15 octobre 2024)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 7-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/03/06/cinq-pays-de-lue-veulent-creer-des-plateformes-de-retour-pour-migrants-hors-deurope&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Cinq pays de l'UE veulent cr&#233;er des plateformes de retour pour migrants hors d'Europ&lt;/a&gt;e &#187;, Euronews, 6 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 7-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Cour EDH, &lt;a href=&#034;https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-62176%22&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Arr&#234;t Soering c/ Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;}], 1989&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
		<enclosure url="https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/resume_executif_-_analyse_reglement_retour.pdf" length="173727" type="application/pdf" />
		
		<enclosure url="https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/analyse_migreurop_reglement_retour.pdf" length="248958" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Volunteer programme in Brussels (2025/2026) - EU updates - December 2025/February 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3549.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3549.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-03-04T15:59:27Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;As part of her volunteering mission with Migreurop in partnership with Euromed Rights in Brussels (2025-2026), Jeanne Olivet publishes a trimonthly column in which she summarises the latest news on European migration policies. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; Adoption of the concept of &#034;safe third countries&#034; and the European list of &#034;safe countries of origin&#034;: facilitation of deportations and infringement of the right to asylum &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
On 10 February 2026, the European Parliament approved a legislative text extendingthe (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique460.html" rel="directory"&gt;Volunteers' works&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot204.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH99/beymedias_brightspotcdn-3-2-92b3c.jpg?1772640098' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='99' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;As part of her volunteering mission with Migreurop in partnership with Euromed Rights in Brussels (2025-2026), Jeanne Olivet publishes a trimonthly column in which she summarises the latest news on European migration policies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Adoption of the concept of &#034;safe third countries&#034; and the European list of &#034;safe countries of origin&#034;: facilitation of deportations and infringement of the right to asylum &lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 10 February 2026, the European Parliament approved a legislative text &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/fr/press-room/20260205IPR33617/nouvelles-regles-pour-les-pays-tiers-surs-et-la-liste-des-pays-d-origine-surs&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;extending&lt;/a&gt;the concept of 'safe third country', as provided for in the European Pact on Migration and Asylum. This reform, as well as the return regulation, removes the need for a connection between the rejected asylum seeker and the country of return, allowing member states to return people to countries they have never visited, provided that a formal or informal agreement exists, and that the country is considered &#034;safe&#034;. As &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/02/10/lue-va-transferer-les-demandeurs-dasile-hors-de-ses-frontieres&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Euronews&lt;/a&gt; explains, the vote (396 in favour, 226 against, 30 abstentions) was possible thanks to the alliance between the EPP (centre-right party) and far-right political groups such as the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR), Patriots for Europe and the Europe of Sovereign Nations group. In addition, if a person challenges the decision of inadmissibility of his or her application for protection based on the concept of 'safe third country', his or her appeal will no longer automatically have suspensive effect. They can therefore be deported to the non-EU country without waiting for the final decision on her appeal. Finally, the Parliament also adopted a European list of &#034;safe countries of origin&#034;, including Bangladesh, Tunisia, Morocco, Kosovo, Colombia, Egypt and India. Any asylum-seeker who is a national of these countries will be subject to an accelerated procedure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;The return regulation: between procedural abuses and externalisation of deportations&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A new objective: to create &#034;platforms for deportations outside Europe&#034;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The three countries that carried out the most deportations on a European scale between July and September 2025 are Germany, France and Cyprus, the media &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/newsletter/brussels-playbook/taco-trumps-council-meeting/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Politico&lt;/a&gt; revealed on January 22, 2026. Under the Cypriot Presidency of the EU, the Ministers of the Interior met in Nicosia to discuss the &#034;return&#034; regulation. In the margins of the meeting, a side event was held on 22 January 2026, chaired by German Interior Minister Alexander Dobrindt, bringing together his counterparts from the Netherlands, Austria, Denmark and Greece, as well as European Commissioner Magnus Brunner. The aim was to launch negotiations on the &lt;strong&gt;creation of deportation platforms, such as 'return hubs', outside Europe. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Negotiations on the return regulation: the influence of the far right in the European Parliament&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;According to an article in the &lt;a href=&#034;https://euobserver.com/199924/chief-liberal-mep-negotiator-edging-towards-far-right-in-deportation-clash/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Euobserver&lt;/a&gt;published on 23 January 2026, the negotiations in the European Parliament on the proposal for the 'return' regulation - which began on 12 January - are moving towards an alliance in favour of the regulation, ranging from the centre to the far right. Indeed, the lead negotiator for the liberal Renew Europe political group, MEP Malik Azmani, is said to have accepted far-right amendments weakening procedural safeguards allowing exiled people to challenge deportation orders. Finally, according to the media's sources, he has passed amendments from the far-right group EfP without mentioning their origin. This example of a process shows the &lt;strong&gt;influence of far-right groups in the Parliament&lt;/strong&gt; in shaping European migration policies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UN warns against proposed return regulation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 26 January 2026, 16 UN independent rapporteurs published a &lt;a href=&#034;https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=30660&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;report&lt;/a&gt; on the proposed return regulation. The main concerns relate to possible violations of international law, including the principle of non-refoulement and the weakening of procedural safeguards. Other points such as the extension of the grounds for detention, the forced &#034;cooperation&#034; of migrants to their own deportations, and the creation of extraterritorial &#034;return hubs&#034; are the subject of concern.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Externalising asylum, exporting borders: the consolidation of the externalisation of the EU&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&#034;Innovative solutions&#034;: disembarking people at sea in non-EU countries&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.statewatch.org/media/5239/14360-2025-place-of-safety-arrangements.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Statewatch&lt;/a&gt; published an internal document dated 7 November 2025, sent by the Danish Presidency to the Council of the EU, on the creation of &#034;innovative solutions&#034; at the European level. The aim of the document is to propose a new form of arrangements with non-EU countries to limit crossings in the Mediterranean. These would create &lt;strong&gt;&#034;places of safety&#034; in order to outsource the responsibilities of processing asylum applications, &lt;/strong&gt; which are the responsibility of the European States of first reception, via the Dublin Regulation. In this &#034;innovative solution&#034;, people intercepted in the Mediterranean would be forced to disembark in a non-EU country and apply for international protection there (or in another non-EU country participating in the arrangement), which would be responsible for examining their asylum applications. However, if they do not seek protection, they could be returned directly to their country of origin or to a country with which the country of first reception has made an arrangement. The EU would provide financial support to non-EU countries that would accept this form of arrangement, and would deploy European agencies in these areas (Frontex and the asylum agency). To carry out this project, the Danish Presidency proposes to use the new Pact for the Mediterranean, concluded in autumn 2025, as a basis for negotiations with non-EU countries.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EU ministers pressure Commission to step up externalisation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 16 December 2025, a &lt;a href=&#034;https://uim.dk/media/t3dnszqy/faelles-ministerbrev-17122025.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;joint letter&lt;/a&gt; from some EU ministers was sent to the European Commission urging it to strengthen collaboration with non-EU states. Three key points were highlighted: the need to take into account 'innovative solutions' in the future multiannual financial framework; the importance of reforming European agencies such as Frontex or the asylum agency so that they can &#034;provide effective support&#034; in the implementation of these new &#034;solutions&#034;; Finally, a joint 'diplomatic action' bringing together the European Commission, the Member States and the EU's diplomatic service to negotiate new partnerships with non-EU states.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Funding reconstruction in Syria to return Syrian refugees&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Presidents of the European Commission and the European Council visited Damascus on 8 January to announce &#8364;620 million in aid to Syria to help restore necessary services. This aid has a specific objective, as Antonio Costa, President of the European Council, said on 13 January: &#034;It will also help to create conditions more conducive to the voluntary return of the very many Syrians who have been forced to leave the country.&#034; These words, collected by &lt;a href=&#034;https://euobserver.com/198291/eus-e620m-for-syria-aims-to-send-refugees-home/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Euobserver&lt;/a&gt;, show the EU's willingness to start the return of Syrian people. 'Voluntary' departures have already started in Cyprus (1400 Syrians) and Germany (300 Syrians) between July and September 2025. However, these 'voluntary' returns from Cyprus are described by civil society organisations as &#034;coercion by misery&#034; in reference to the precarious conditions of people on the island, and the &#8364;1,500 allocated to people who agree to leave.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A visa and migration strategy that reinforces an uneven right to mobility&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The European Commission's new 'visa and migration' strategy was unveiled on 29 January 2026. This roadmap uses the same means and objectives as those of the Pact on Migration and Asylum. Indeed, according to the media Politico, the &lt;a href=&#034;https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/fr/ip_26_233&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;migration strategy&lt;/a&gt; will be based on cooperation with non-EU states, a strengthening of surveillance at European borders, the implementation of the Pact on Migration and Asylum, an &#034;effective&#034; 'return' policy, and finally the mobility of 'talent'. The Visa &lt;a href=&#034;https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/fr/qanda_26_218&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Roadmap&lt;/a&gt;unveiled by the Commission proposes enhanced control of visa-free regimes and creates a new category of restrictive measures to strengthen visa diplomacy. Indeed, as mentioned in the Commission's February 2021 evaluation report on the &#034;performance&#034; of third countries in terms of readmissions-expulsions, states that are not cooperative in terms of readmission may be sanctioned by suspending/reducing the number of visas issued or increasing visa costs. In addition, the Commission would like to prioritise visa procedures for 'high value-added' people. The &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.vie-publique.fr/en-bref/301863-migrations-et-visas-quelle-est-la-double-strategie-de-lue&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;profiles concerned&lt;/a&gt;are researchers, for graduates in science, technology, engineering or mathematics or for entrepreneurs in certain sectors of activity such as AI or cybersecurity. In addition, a dedicated visa office within Frontex will be created to facilitate the training of consular officers, and could even send &#034;additional temporary staff to help overcrowded consulates during peak periods&#034; according to &lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/bruxelles-se-prepare-a-durcir-ses-regles-en-matiere-de-visas-pour-certains-pays/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;EURACTIV&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EU continues to fund Libyan militias&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The EU plans to finance, to the tune of &#8364;3 million, the creation of a, &lt;strong&gt;MRCC in Benghazi &lt;/strong&gt; in eastern Libya, according to an article published on 29 January 2026 by &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/69257/eufunded-maritime-control-center-planned-in-eastern-libya&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Infomigrant&lt;/a&gt;. This 'rescue' centre would have the same objectives as the one in Tripoli (created in 2017), i.e. to intercept people exiled at sea and push them back to the Libyan coast where people are notoriously subjected to inhuman and degrading treatment. Concerns remain about who would be entrusted with the management of this centre. Indeed, in eastern Libya, the Tariq-Ben-Zeyad militia, active in this area of the country, could be linked to the management of the MRCC. However, this same militia is suspected of being responsible for the armed attack on the Ocean Viking in October 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;European 'solidarity': not for reception but for deportations&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Resettlements and relocations in free fall &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 12 January 2026, the &lt;a href=&#034;https://euobserver.com/200919/behind-eus-december-asylum-relocation-pledges-more-deal-making-fewer-transfers/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Euobserver&lt;/a&gt;published an article concerning the fall in promises of refugee resettlement and relocation of asylum seekers by Member States, again demonstrating a hardening of migration policies, and their desire &#034;not to welcome or protect&#034;. For example, 18 Member States, including Germany, refuse to commit to resettlement quotas. Indeed, the Member States have only committed 10,430 places for 2026-2027, a drop of 83% compared to 2024-2025. Germany, which had promised 13,000 places in 2024, is now offering none. On the other hand, the European Commission was aiming for 21,000 relocations but only obtained 9,000 commitments. Hungary and Slovakia, having promised nothing, are going against the system of solidarity desired by the Commission.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A system of &#034;solidarity&#034; between member states to better deport migrants&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In an article published on 30 January 2026, &lt;a href=&#034;https://euobserver.com/200919/behind-eus-december-asylum-relocation-pledges-more-deal-making-fewer-transfers/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Euobserver&lt;/a&gt; questions the possibility of creating a new form of 'solidarity', this time on deportations. By using the term 'solidarity', the media is referring to the European solidarity system that should allow for a better distribution of asylum seekers between Member States of first reception, such as Greece and Italy, and countries of destination, such as Germany or France. The media mentions a European Commission project dating from 2020, which would consist of &lt;strong&gt;creating a 'relocation' system to deport migrants.&lt;/strong&gt; This system would concern persons who are the subject of a return order, and the Member State which has an agreement or privileged links with the person's country of origin. The Member State in question would therefore take charge of nationals of specific countries, to implement their expulsion. It is possible that this procedure will be mentioned in a policy note to be published in March by the European Commission.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;News from Frontex&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The ECJ recognises Frontex's responsibility in the pushback operations &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 18 December 2025, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) delivered two major judgments annulling decisions of the General Court in the cases of WS and others v. Frontex and Hamoudi v. Frontex. On January 6, 2026, the &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.europeanlawblog.eu/pub/16zd10nh/release/1&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;European law blog&lt;/a&gt;published an article on the scope of these judgments. Indeed, these decisions mark a turning point by explicitly recognising the vulnerability of asylum seekers and adapting legal rules to this reality. These two decisions strengthen Frontex's legal responsibility in pushback operations. Both cases were remitted to the General Tribunal for reconsideration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Attacks against humain rights&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pressure from Member States against the European Convention on Human Rights&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 23 February 2026, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/reforming-echr-wont-curb-illegal-migration-european-human-rights-chief-michael-oflaherty/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Politico&lt;/a&gt;reported that the High Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe, Michael O'Flaherty, defended the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHRC), in the face of pressure from some member states that criticised the ECHR's overly broad interpretation of the ECtHR, ultimately calling for more flexibility to divest themselves of basic guarantees in the law of foreigners. Thus, in May 2025, nine EU member states signed an &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/Lettera_aperta_22052025.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;open letter&lt;/a&gt;, on an initiative by Italy and Denmark, calling for &#034;launching a new and open-minded discussion on the &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-countries-criminals-human-rights-austria-estonia-poland/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights&lt;/a&gt;&#034;. Then, in December 2025, the Danish and British prime ministers published an &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/dec/09/protect-borders-defend-democracies-echr-keir-starmer-mette-frederiksen&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;op-ed&lt;/a&gt; calling for a &lt;strong&gt;reform of the text.&lt;/strong&gt; In addition, on 10 December 2025, 46 Council of Europe ministers adopted a set of &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.coe.int/fr/web/portal/-/migration-challenges-council-of-europe-ministers-call-for-political-declaration-on-rights&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;conclusions&lt;/a&gt; calling for the development of a political declaration linking migration, public security and the ECtHR. It is expected to be adopted at the Chi&#537;in&#259;u summit in the Republic of Moldova in May 2026. According to O'Flaerty, weakening the protection of people's rights would be a dangerous historical precedent&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>



</channel>

</rss>
