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	<title>MIGREUROP</title>
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<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press Review May/June 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3600.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3600.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-07-10T05:53:09Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Egypte</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Libya</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Morocco</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Rwanda</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Autriche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cyprus</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Manche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Greece</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Albania</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Suisse</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Afghanistan</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Detention</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Freedom of movement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation of borders</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Forced returns</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Monitoring and control </dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Egypt/EU EuroNews, &#8220;EU pays Egypt billions to manage migration &#8212; Cairo says it is not enough&#8221;, 21 May 2026* &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Faced with the reception crisis currently affecting Egypt, Cairo is pressing the EU to increase its funding for &#8216;migration management'. The regime considers the &#8364;200 million allocation currently available to the country for the period 2024&#8211;2027 to be &#8216;insufficient'. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
As a key partner of the EU for almost 30 years in the externalisation of borders &#8211; a cornerstone of European (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot193.html" rel="tag"&gt;Egypte&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot39.html" rel="tag"&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot184.html" rel="tag"&gt;Morocco&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot201.html" rel="tag"&gt;Rwanda&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot207.html" rel="tag"&gt;Autriche&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot45.html" rel="tag"&gt;Cyprus&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot213.html" rel="tag"&gt;Manche&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot182.html" rel="tag"&gt;Albania&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot55.html" rel="tag"&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot34.html" rel="tag"&gt;Suisse&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot21.html" rel="tag"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot189.html" rel="tag"&gt;Afghanistan&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Detention&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot178.html" rel="tag"&gt;Freedom of movement&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation of borders&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot204.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Forced returns&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Monitoring and control &lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/visuel_rp_3_-3-f5686.png?1783662833' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Egypt/EU&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Egypt/EU&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libya&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Morocco&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Morocco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Rwanda/United Kingdom&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Rwanda/United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Austria&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Austria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Cyprus&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Cyprus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Greece&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italy/Albania&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Italy/Albania&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sweden&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Sweden&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom/France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;United Kingdom/France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Switzerland&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_11'&gt;Switzerland&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Chisinau Declaration&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_12'&gt;Chisinau Declaration&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Entry into force of the Migration and Asylum Pact&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_13'&gt;Entry into force of the (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Final adoption of the &#8216;return' regulation&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_14'&gt;Final adoption of the &#8216;return'&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;A Taliban delegation in Brussels&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_15'&gt;A Taliban delegation in (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Egypt/EU&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;EuroNews, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euronews.com/2026/05/21/eu-pays-egypt-billions-to-manage-migration-cairo-says-it-is-not-enough#https://www.euronews.com/2026/05/21/eu-pays-egypt-billions-to-manage-migration-cairo-says-it-is-not-enough&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;EU pays Egypt billions to manage migration &#8212; Cairo says it is not enough&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 21 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;*&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Faced with the reception crisis currently affecting Egypt, Cairo is pressing the EU to increase its funding for &#8216;migration management'. The regime considers the &#8364;200 million allocation currently available to the country for the period 2024&#8211;2027 to be &#8216;insufficient'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As a key partner of the EU for almost 30 years in the externalisation of borders &#8211; a cornerstone of European migration policy &#8211; Egypt wields considerable negotiating leverage. It would therefore come as no surprise if European funding were indeed increased, at a historic juncture when restrictions onmobility have become an absolute priority for the EU. This is despite systematic violations of migrants' rights in the country: migrants in Egypt are arbitrarily detained in inhuman and degrading conditions, and forced returns continue to rise&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the EuroMed Rights factsheet on this subject, &#8216;Safe on paper, dangerous (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . In March 2026, independent experts appointed by the UN Human Rights Council also warned of an intensification of deportations and violations of fundamental rights targeting migrants on Egyptian territory, in particular Sudanese and Syrian nationals&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See OHCHR, &#8220;Egypt: UN experts raise alarm over violations against refugees (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc3&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Libya&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20260519-libye-ange-de-la-mort-ancien-directeur-prison-libyen-cpi-khaled-el-hishri&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&#8216;The Angel of Death': former Libyan prison director to appear before the ICC&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 19 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;From 19 to 21 May, Khaled Mohamed Ali El Hishri, a Libyan member of the Special Deterrence Forces militia and a senior official at Mitiga Prison in Tripoli, where he is alleged to have directly committed, ordered and facilitated multiple crimes between 2014 and 2020 (war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, rape, murder and other acts of persecution). His victims are alleged to have been targeted on the basis of their gender, ethnic origin, sexual orientation and migration status. El Hishri is the first suspect to appear before the ICC for atrocities committed in Libya against migrantd persons, as part of the investigation conducted by the Court since 2011 under a UN mandate&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;14 people, including E Hishri, are currently the subject of international (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;After decades of impunity, the opening of these hearings represents a significant step forward for the victims of the Libyan detention system, which has been fuelled and supported by Europe through its border externalisation policies. Cooperation between the EU and its Member States (notably Italy) with Libya is based on three pillars: technical support and assistance provided to the &#8216;Libyan Department for Combating Illegal Immigration' (DCIM) &#8211; which manages the camps and prisons where migrants suffer serious human rights violations; training and equipping the Libyan coastguard to intercept people at sea and push them back to Libya; and the conclusion of agreements with local Libyan authorities and armed groups to strengthen border controls in the south of the country&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, Amnesty International, &#8220;Libya: European governments are (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . By continuing and strengthening its relations with Libya on migration matters, the EU is making itself complicit in the crimes currently under investigation by the ICC, as well as in the impunity that many of their perpetrators continue to enjoy&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further information, see the press release from Refugees in Libya, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The case of Najim Isama Almasri clearly illustrates this long-standing complicity. A former head of the Libyan judicial police and an accomplice of El Hishri in the running of Mitiga, he too is the subject of an international arrest warrant issued by the ICC. When he was on Italian territory in early 2025, Rome sent him back to Libya on a state flight, without handing him over to the Court&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;This refusal to cooperate with the Court has led to two complaints being (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Almasri was recently sentenced by a court in Tripoli to 7 years and 4 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71751/jai-peur-je-ne-sors-plus-de-chez-moi--en-libye-les-noirs-se-terrent-terrifies-par-la-chasse-aux-migrants-qui-sevit-dans-le-pays&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&#8216;I'm scared, I don't leave my house anymore': in Libya, Black people are going into hiding, terrified by the &#8216;hunt for migrants' raging across the country&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 5 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since early June, Africans of sub-Saharan origin in Libya have been the target of a crackdown on migrants carried out by hostile individuals, the police and local militias. Many are hiding and no longer dare to leave their homes for fear of being attacked. This wave of violence follows anti-immigration protests outside the offices of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Tripoli, sparked by false information circulated on social media about the existence of a fictitious refugee resettlement programme in Libya. The demonstrators were demanding that the UNHCR leave Libya and that refugee support services cease their activities. The UNHCR expressed concern over the demonstrators' hate speech and stated that it was working in cooperation with the Libyan authorities to find solutions for those who have fled conflict.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, as part of this escalation of violence, these same authorities have carried out mass round-ups in neighbourhoods where migrants live. It should also be noted that round-ups and arbitrary arrests of migrants by the Libyan authorities have long been documented in Libya. Those affected are detained in inhumane conditions and subjected to torture. Incidents of physical, psychological and sexual violence, as well as the abandonment of people in the desert, have also been extensively documented&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, on this subject, the information on Libya on Migreurop, &#8220;The Maghreb (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The UNHCR, whose mandate is to protect refugees in Libya, appears in reality to be serving as a &#8216;humanitarian fig leaf' to enable European states to continue their cooperation with a failed state where rights are systematically flouted&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also Refugees in Libya, &#8220;Book of Shame. How UNHCR Fails to Protect (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc4&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Morocco&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71287/on-te-traite-comme-du-betail--des-migrants-arretes-au-maroc-sur-la-route-de-melilla-racontent-leur-calvaire&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&#8216;They treat you like cattle': migrants arrested in Morocco on their way to Melilla recount their ordeal&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 8 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In late April, seven Mauritanian nationals attempted to cross the only land border between Morocco and the Spanish-controlled enclave of Melilla. They were arrested by the police and subjected to degrading treatment (including beatings and the theft of their personal belongings), before being pushed back to the Moroccan-Algerian border.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This kind of violence is a daily reality for people attempting to reach the European enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, located on the African continent. The border between Moroccan territory and these enclaves is heavily militarised: over the years, high barriers have been erected and a dense network of radar, thermal and infrared cameras has been deployed along the entire border, with the aim of preventing anyone from reaching the European territory. Forced returns are systematic and are often accompanied by physical violence and theft, perpetrated by both Moroccan and Spanish forces, whose collaboration on migration issues dates back to 1992 (agreement on the movement of persons, transit and the readmission of foreigners who have entered illegally). This cooperation has since been consolidated through a series of externalisation agreements (between Spain and Morocco, but also between the EU and Morocco), which have turned this country into a veritable &#8216;blockade zone' for migration. The systematic human rights violations in Ceuta and Melilla are emblematic of the process of building a closed-off Europe, and continue with complete impunity&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Migreurop, &#8220;CEUTA Factsheet&#8221;, Isaline Roverato, 2024&#034; id=&#034;nh10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rwanda/United Kingdom&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy526klrk20o&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;UK wins court case over collapsed Rwanda asylum deal'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 1 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) has rejected Rwanda's claim for compensation against the United Kingdom, following the annulment of the migration arrangement concluded between the two states in 2022. The aim of this informal agreement was to deport to Rwanda foreign nationals who had arrived on British soil &#8216;irregularly' and whose applications for protection had been declared inadmissible. The UK Supreme Court had ruled that this arrangement was unlawful on the grounds that Rwanda could not be considered a safe country for refugees. In 2024, under the Starmer government, the agreement was finally cancelled and payments suspended. Rwanda then initiated arbitration proceedings in January 2026, claiming &#163;50 million in compensation from the United Kingdom.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This brings to a close a legal dispute that clearly illustrates the commercial logic inherent in border externalisation, which reduces asylum seekers to a bargaining chip, enabling, on the one hand, European countries to rid themselves of people deemed &#8216;undesirable', and, on the other, enabling non-European authoritarian regimes to secure financial inflows and achieve diplomatic rehabilitation as legitimate partners of European countries&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also Migreurop, &#8220;UK&#8211;Rwanda Agreement: Outsourcing Asylum to Africa, a (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Austria&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/71504/austria-limits-refugee-family-reunification-under-new-quota-system&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Austria limits refugee family reunification under new quota&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; system', 21 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Austrian Parliament has passed a new law introducing annual caps on family reunification, the level of which has not yet been set. This law follows a measure suspending family reunification procedures adopted in 2025, justified on the grounds of an alleged &#8216;overburdening' of social services, and adopted by unjustifiably invoking the &#8216;emergency clause' provided for in Article 72 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject InfoMigrants, &#8220;Austria: family reunification suspended (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With the introduction of this quota system, Austria is flouting its obligations regarding reception and protection: the law will result in the separation of families, in breach of the right to family life protected by Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, as well as the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights, which have established that quotas applied to family reunification are unlawful in the absence of an individual assessment of each situation&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Amnesty International Austria, &#8216;Nationalrat adopts quota (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc8&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cyprus&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;CyprusMail, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://cyprus-mail.com/2026/06/08/eu-earmarks-e800m-for-cyprus-to-tackle-immigration&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;EU earmarks &#8364;800m for Cyprus to tackle immigration'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 8 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cyprus will receive 800 million euros from the EU for the period 2028&#8211;2034, earmarked for &#8216;migration management', representing a 70 per cent increase on the 480 million allocated for the period 2021&#8211;2027.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To date, EU funding has been used to build camps, to facilitate forced returns (Cyprus has recorded an unprecedented number of deportations of migrants in recent years), or to step up operations to identify people without the right to remain. At the end of May, three migrant people jumped from a balcony in Larnaca to escape the intensifying raids across the country. One of them died&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Cyprus Mail, &#8220;Migrant dies following balcony jump during (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cyprus has repeatedly been accused of and found guilty of violating the rights of migrants, including refoulement&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Cyprus Mail, &#8216;UNHCR expresses concern over alleged (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Yet the southern part of the island will continue to benefit from the EU's support and cooperation in its migration policies that infringe upon the rights and lives of migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc9&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Greece&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Al Jazeera, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/6/1/greece-reopens-syrian-and-afghan-asylum-cases-hoping-for-returns&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Greece reopens Syrian and Afghan asylum cases, hoping for returns'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 1 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since February, Greece has reopened all asylum cases likely to be rejected. As part of this process, the cases of Syrian and Afghan nationals &#8211; particularly men &#8211; are being subject to almost systematic re-examination, with rejection rates rising sharply. This review appears to reflect a broader political desire to rid the country of Muslim migrants or those from predominantly Muslim countries by deporting them to regimes where serious human rights violations have been documented. The Minister for Migration and Asylum, Athanasios Plevris, has openly embraced this racist shift during a recent parliamentary hearing, stating that Greece prefers to welcome non-Muslim migrant workers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Greece's strategy is part of a wider European climate of growing racism and Islamophobia. Several European countries, led by Germany, are now considering the forced return of Afghan and Syrian nationals, despite the extremely dangerous situation in their countries of origin. The European Union itself hosted a Taliban delegation in Brussels on 23 June, to negotiate the deportations of Afghans&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See below&#034; id=&#034;nh16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , and has renewed its cooperation agreement with Syria &#8211; ending the partial suspension in place since 2011 &#8211; which reflects a desire to speed up the forced returns of Syrian refugees residing throughout Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, on this subject, The New Arab, &#8216;Eyeing migrant returns, EU moves to (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc10&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italy/Albania&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;La Repubblica, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2026/05/11/news palazzo_chigi_centri_albania_migranti_hub_frontiera-425336592/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Palazzo Chigi tries again: &#8216;Migrants picked up at sea to be held in centres in Albania'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#8221;, 11 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Italian government is reportedly working on a new decree under the Italy&#8211;Albania Memorandum of Understanding (2023). The aim is said to be to revert to the original plan to outsource the fast-track processing of asylum applications to the camps in Sh&#235;ngjin and Gjad&#235;r &#8211; under Italian jurisdiction. Those affected are migrants intercepted at sea by the Italian authorities, who come from so-called &#8216;safe' countries and are considered &#8216;non-vulnerable'. According to the government, this change would be made possible by the European Pact on Migration and Asylum, which came into force on 12 June 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The initial project had so far been held up by several court rulings. The court in Rome has repeatedly refused to authorise detention in the camps in Albania, ruling that the countries of origin of the people concerned, such as Bangladesh and Egypt, could not be considered &#8216;safe' under European law&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also &#8220;Rome court does not uphold the detention of migrants in Albania&#8221;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . To prevent these camps from becoming unused, Italy converted them in 2025 into Italian detention and deportation centres (CPRs)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See SkyTG24, &#8216;How migrant centres in Albania work', 9 June 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The entry into force of the Pact could, however, remove these obstacles. The Pact does indeed allow a country to be classified as partially &#8216;safe' and facilitates the use of accelerated procedures for nationals of countries with a low asylum recognition rate (&lt; 20 per cent). Together with the new common European list of &#8216;safe countries of origin', these measures provide Italy with a more solid legal basis for reactivating the Albanian centres&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Fanpage, &#8216;Why, under the new EU regulation, Meloni can reopen the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, doubts remain, particularly regarding Italy's ability to detain asylum seekers undergoing standard procedures on territory outside the EU &#8211; an issue referred to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), which is expected to rule in the coming months&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also Italian Coalition for Freedom and Civil Rights (CILD), &#8220;The (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc11&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sweden&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71931/suede--le-parlement-vote-une-loi-obligeant-les-administrations-publiques-a-denoncer-les-sanspapiers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Sweden: Parliament passes law obliging public authorities to report undocumented migrants'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; migrants', 16 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On Monday 15 June, the Swedish Parliament passed two bills aimed at stepping up the deportation of migrants. The first measure, known as the &#8216;snitch law', obliges six public authorities (employment, pensions, tax, debt, social insurance and the prison service) to report to the police any undocumented migrants with whom their staff come into contact. The second, known as the &#8216;good conduct' law, provides for the deportation of foreign nationals residing in Sweden who do not lead an &#8216;honest life'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These measures establish a state apparatus of control and coercion in Sweden, which will lead to racial profiling, discrimination based on appearance and serious infringements of migrants' rights. The &#8216;snitch law' risks preventing migrantd people from accessing social rights; they may forgo essential services &#8211; including going to hospital or school &#8211; for fear of being denounced. By systematically using government departments and public services as tools for surveillance, it foreshadows the &#8216;return' regulation &#8211; adopted on 17 June by the European Parliament &#8211; which authorises raids in public places and private homes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &#8216;good conduct' law, does not specify the criteria for defining what would constitute &#8216;bad conduct'. Its discretionary nature exposes migrants to the risk of having their residence permits refused or revoked on the basis of behaviour that is neither illegal nor punishable for Swedish citizens. This amounts to the deliberate creation of legal uncertainty and the imposition of conditions on rights, which is dissuasive and contrary to the rule of law. These measures will foster fear and self-censorship amongst migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;]] .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc13&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20260609-attaque-%C3%A0-belfast-les-autorit%C3%A9s-appellent-au-calme-face-au-risque-de-violences-anti-immigr%C3%A9s&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Violent anti-immigration protests in Belfast following an attack attributed to a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; refugee'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 9 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20260613-%C3%A0-belfast-un-vaste-rassemblement-contre-le-racisme-apr%C3%A8s-des-%C3%A9meutes-anti-immigr%C3%A9s&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Mass rally against racism in Belfast following anti-immigrant&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; riots&#8221;, 13 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 9 June, anti-immigrant demonstrations took place in Belfast (Northern Ireland) in the wake of a knife attack attributed to a Sudanese national, footage of which was shared on social media. Neo-fascist groups set fire to cars and homes, most of which belonged to migrant people. A few days later, a large anti-racist demonstration was organised to condemn this wave of racist violence.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This incident illustrates a well-known pattern in several European countries and beyond: an offence or crime committed by a foreign national is exploited to target entire communities of migrants and to legitimise violent attacks and racially motivated intimidation against them. This dynamic is part of a context of a sharp rise in racism and the far right in the United Kingdom &#8211; visible both on social media and in public spaces (murals inciting racial hatred, anti-migrant rallies, etc.)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, the International Federation for Human Rights, &#8216;Northern (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#8211; which threatens the lives and safety of migrant people and non-white people.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/72119/au-royaumeuni-le-gouvernement-veut-etendre-laccueil-parraine-des-refugies&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;In the UK, the government wants to expand the sponsored refugee scheme'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; scheme', 30 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 30 June, the UK Home Secretary, Shabana Mahmood, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mahmood-myreforms-will-save-the-asylum-system-for-a-generation&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;announced&lt;/a&gt; the introduction of a refugee sponsorship scheme, which will come into force in autumn 2027. In practice, universities, businesses and other organisations will now be able to sponsor a person recognised as a refugee under Article 1 of the&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/fr/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-relating-status-refugees&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;1951 Geneva Convention&lt;/a&gt;, enabling them to settle legally in the UK. The organisations responsible for this sponsorship will be in charge of providing accommodation, facilitating integration and assisting with the selected individuals' entry into the labour market. The number of potential beneficiaries has not yet been specified, and applications will remain subject to strict government scrutiny.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This announcement comes against a backdrop of a general tightening of UK asylum policy. Sponsorship schemes are, in fact, frequently used by governments to project an image of selective generosity towards &#8216;genuine refugees' (Mahmood uses the term &lt;i&gt;&#8216;genuine &lt;/i&gt;refugees'), whilst diverting attention from deterrence policies that remain unchanged, or that are strengthened. Sponsorship schemes thus become instruments of a policy of selection, enabling states to set quotas for people entering their territory and to select certain categories of refugees based on their level of qualifications or their religion (church-sponsored schemes spring to mind)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Nikolas Feith Tan, &#8216;Community Sponsorship of Refugees (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Furthermore, the state shrinks its responsibilities regarding protection and asylum by transferring a legal obligation to the private sector. Beyond the individual benefits that selected people may enjoy, this scheme, which is part of a highly repressive UK policy towards migrants, risks distorting the spirit of the right to asylum, which could then be reduced to &#8216;a neoliberal, privatised immigration scheme, reserved solely for highly skilled and educated migrants, or for certain ethnic or religious groups'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid., p. 258.&#034; id=&#034;nh24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc14&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom/France&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/06/23/migration-un-premier-pas-vers-une-europeanisation-de-la-gestion-des-traversees-de-la-manche_6708581_3210.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=2&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Migration: a first step towards the Europeanisation of the management of Channel crossings&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#8221;, 23 June &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &#8216;One in, one out' agreement (2025) between France and the United Kingdom will not be renewed after October 2026. It will be replaced by a &lt;a href=&#034;https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/ee521a9c-effe-494f-ae61-65ffcf778e46_en?filename=EU%20Action%20Plan%20for%20the%20Channel%20route.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;European Commission action plan&lt;/a&gt; for the Channel migration route, drawn up in partnership with the United Kingdom and published on June 16.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &#8216;One in, one out' agreement currently stipulates that, for every asylum seeker the United Kingdom undertakes to admit through &#8216;legal channels', France agrees in return to readmit to its territory one person who has arrived in the United Kingdom so-called irregularly&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject the short documentary by MSF Frontlines, &#8216;One in, one (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The new action plan sets out a repressive approach centred on three pillars: strengthening diplomatic cooperation with countries of origin and transit to facilitate deportations; the &#8216;fight against people-smugglers' (which raises fears of increased criminalisation of migrants and solidarity organisations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;On this point, see PICUM, &#8216;Migrant smuggling: why we need a paradigm shift', (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ); and increasing the resources allocated to law enforcement and border control. Unsurprisingly, the text refers to the need to curb &#8216;illegal' migration in order to deter people from undertaking dangerous journeys. This is a rhetorical ploy that obscures the fact that it is precisely the sealing off of borders that drives many people to continue undertaking these dangerous journeys.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc15&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_11&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Switzerland&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euractiv.com/news/swiss-reject-divisive-anti-immigration-proposal-projections/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Swiss reject divisive anti-immigration proposal&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 14 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 14 June, 54 per cent of Swiss voters rejected the anti-immigration initiative &#8216;No to a Switzerland with 10 million!'. This initiative was put forward by the far-right SVP party and identified asylum seekers as the cause of thepopulation growth that, according to SVP, is jeopardising the country's &#8216;sustainability'. The text called for the permanent resident population to be kept below the ten-million mark by 2050, through repressive migration measures that contravened the country's obligations regarding reception and protection. Once the population reached 9.5 million, asylum seekers granted temporary leave would no longer have any prospect of remaining in the country. Should the population exceed 10 million, international agreements accused of encouraging population growth would have to be renegotiated or even withdrawn. The application of texts such as the Global Compact for Migration, the European Convention on Human Rights, the Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the European Agreement on the Free Movement of Persons would be threatened&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Amnesty International, &#8216;The &#8220;No Switzerland at 10 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The initiative failed thanks to strong opposition from employers' organisations and trade unions, which feared severe repercussions for employment and growth. Although many of the arguments in favour of a &#8216;no' vote were economic in nature, the rejection of the initiative remains a significant victory and a setback for the far right's vision of society. A vision that would have exposed migrants to a real risk of being turned back at the borders and of asylum procedures being suspended, and which would have led &#8211; through the possibility of renouncing international human rights agreements &#8211; to a general weakening of these protections for everyone, not just for migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc17&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_12&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chisinau Declaration&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euractiv.com/news/european-countries-urge-rethink-of-human-rights-on-migration/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;European countries urge rethink of human rights on migration&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 15 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 15 May 2026, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe adopted a &lt;a href=&#034;https://rm.coe.int/pdf/09125948802bc2cc&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;declaration&lt;/a&gt; in Chisinau (Moldova) proposing a restrictive interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in order to facilitate the deportation of migrants who have not been granted the right of residence or who have committed serious offences. The declaration proposes a reinterpretation of Article 8 (the right to respect for private and family life) to &#8216;rebalance' the individual rights of migrants against &#8216;the public interest and public security'. It also proposes narrowing the scope of Article 3 (prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment), so that insufficient access to healthcare or precarious socio-economic conditions in the country of deportation cannot constitute inhuman or degrading treatment that would prevent forced return. It should be noted, however, that Article 3 admits of no exceptions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Council of Europe has thus acted on the &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-to-the-conference-of-ministers-of-justice-of-the-council-of-europe&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;declaration&lt;/a&gt; issued in December 2025 by 27 member states calling for a more restrictive interpretation of the ECHR with regard to forced returns. Whilst the Chisinau Declaration remains non-binding in legal terms, it constitutes a worrying political development which will contribute &#8211; alongside recent European legislation (&#8216;safe' countries of origin, &#8216;safe' third countries, the &#8216;Return' Regulation) -to entrench in the collective imagination the need to systematise dangerous deportations, in the name of so-called security imperatives. It also constitutes political interference in the interpretation of the ECHR, illustrating a European trend towards challenging the legitimacy of the judiciary&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Jo&#235;l Andriantsimbazovina, &#8216;Political pressure on the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , which has been accused by several right-wing and far-right governments of favouring progressive positions on migration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_13&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entry into force of the Migration and Asylum Pact&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mediapart, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/120626/pacte-sur-la-migration-et-l-asile-pour-l-union-europeenne-le-jour-de-la-honte&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Migration and Asylum Pact: a day of shame for the European Union&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 12 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 12 June, the European Pact on Migration and Asylum came into force. It constitutes a comprehensive reform of European policy in this area, introducing far-reaching changes at the EU's borders. It establishes new screening procedures for anyone arriving at the EU's external borders. Following this screening, some people may be subject to accelerated border asylum procedures, leading to deportation if their application is rejected. Throughout all these stages, people are deprived of their liberty, likely in isolated locations that are difficult for lawyers, doctors, journalists and civil society organisations to access. They are also kept in a legal &#8216;fiction of non-entry': whilst physically present on European soil, they are legally considered not to have entered. This enables states to deport them more easily, paving the way for lower standards of fundamental rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Deprivation of liberty is therefore becoming the norm, and access to asylum &#8211; as well as to an effective remedy &#8211; is drastically restricted. Indeed, more people will be subject to accelerated procedures, on the assumption that they do notrequire protection: those from countries where the asylum recognition rate in the EU is below 20 per cent, those from so-called &#8216;safe' countries of origin, and those suspected of posing a &#8216;threat to public order', a vague and undefined concept. Furthermore, if individuals subject to a deportation order appeal against that decision, their appeal will not have suspensive effect, and the Pact authorises deportation even before a final decision has been taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In short, this Pact institutionalises, at a European level, the detention, registration, screening and expulsion of migrants at Europe's borders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc18&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_14&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final adoption of the &#8216;return' regulation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;RFI, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/en-bref/20260617-migration-le-parlement-europ%C3%A9en-adopte-la-r%C3%A9forme-pr%C3%A9voyant-des-hubs-de-retour&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Migration: the European Parliament adopts reform providing for &#8220;return hubs&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; hubs&#8221;', 17 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/video/2026/06/17/renvoyez-les-scandent-des-elus-d-extreme-droite-au-parlement-europeen_6704287_823448.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=7&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&#8216;Send them back!' chant far-right MEPs in the European Parliament&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 17 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 17 June, the European Parliament gave final approval to the &#8216;return' regulation, amidst applause and racist chants from right-wing and far-right MEPs in the chamber, who shouted &#8220;Send them back!&#8221;. The text provides for a massive detention system (lasting up to two years, with the possibility of indefinite extension in the event of a threat to public security), the conversion of third countries into &#8216;return hubs', to which migrants may be deported even if they have no connection to those countries&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;A coalition of five Member States has already begun negotiations with third (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , as well as &#8216;investigative' measures authorising raids on homes and in public spaces, the seizure of electronic devices and the obligation to provide biometric data to the authorities.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The proposed measures cross a red line by establishing a regime of widespread surveillance within the EU: migrants without the right to reside will be subjected to a veritable manhunt and deported to countries known to be unsafe (European governments are currently considering deportations to Rwanda, Uganda, Libya, Egypt&#8230;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Human Rights Watch, &#8216;Dangerous EU Momentum Towards Offshore Deportation (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh30&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ). This regulation institutionalises the violation of fundamental rights and international law: it will lead to breaches of the principle of non-refoulement, flout the right to private and family life, and expose migrantd people to inhuman and degrading treatment&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb31&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further reading, see in particular Migreurop, &#8216;Adoption of the EU (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh31&#034;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc20&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_15&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A Taliban delegation in Brussels&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/72051/rencontre-inedite-entre-lue-et-des-responsables-talibans-pour-discuter-du-renvoi-des-afghans-vers-leur-pays-dorigine&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Unprecedented meeting between the EU and Taliban officials to discuss the return of Afghans to their country of origin&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 24 June 2026 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.com/fr/news/les-talibans-profitent-de-leur-visite-a-bruxelles-pour-demander-un-acces-consulaire-en-europe/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;The Taliban use their visit to Brussels to request consular access in&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; Europe&#8221;, 23 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 23 June, members of the European Commission met with a Taliban delegation to continue negotiations on the forced return of Afghan nationals without the right to reside in the EU. In exchange for their cooperation with these deportations, the Taliban requested the restoration of consular services for Afghans across Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Once again, the EU's anti-immigration obsession is leading to the normalisation of relations with a repressive regime, with the aim of deporting people at any cost&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb32&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Agreements with Libya or Turkey are further examples.&#034; id=&#034;nh32&#034;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . As the restoration of consular services is a fundamental condition set by the Taliban, the end result of these negotiations risks being a de facto legitimisation of the Afghan regime, which has established gender apartheid&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb33&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further information, see Human Rights Watch, &#8216;Gender Apartheid as an (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh33&#034;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; and is responsible for the systematic violation of human rights in Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb34&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also Amnesty International, &#8216;Afghanistan: the human rights situation in (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh34&#034;&gt;34&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . By normalising its relations with the Taliban, the European Union is eroding its own standards on fundamental rights, pushing the boundaries of what is considered &#8216;acceptable' ever further. If these negotiations are successful, the Afghan nationals concerned risk being deported to face torture and death.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6098 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;28&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/press_review_may_and_june_2026.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 552.7 KiB' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/visuel_rp_3_-2-16116.png?1783662833' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Press Review May/June 2026
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the EuroMed Rights factsheet on this subject, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/egypt-infosheet-fr.pdf&#034;&gt;&#8216;Safe on paper, dangerous in reality: Egypt and the EU's return&lt;/a&gt; policy', June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See OHCHR, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2026/03/egypt-un-experts-raise-alarm-over-violations-against-refugees-and-migrants&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Egypt: UN experts raise alarm over violations against refugees and&lt;/a&gt; migrants&#8221;, 6 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;14 people, including E Hishri, are currently the subject of international arrest warrants in connection with this investigation. Some of them have died, whilst others are on the run.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, Amnesty International, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2017/12/libya-european-governments-complicit-in-horrific-abuse-of-refugees-and-migrants/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Libya: European governments are complicit in human rights violations against refugees and&lt;/a&gt; migrants&#8221;, 12 December 2017&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For further information, see the press release from Refugees in Libya, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.refugeesinlibya.org/post/civil-society-statement-detention-crimes-in-libya-finally-before-the-icc-judges-to-decide-whether&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Civil society statement: Detention crimes in Libya finally before the ICC: Judges to decide whether El Hishri case moves to&lt;/a&gt; trial&#8221;, 11 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;This refusal to cooperate with the Court has led to two complaints being lodged against Italy with the European Court of Human Rights. See, on this subject, InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71639/litalie-visee-par-deux-plaintes-aupres-de-la-cedh-pour-avoir-libere-le-tortionnaire-de-migrants-libyen-osama-almasri-najim&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Italy facing two complaints with the ECHR for releasing the Libyan migrant torturer Osama Almasri&lt;/a&gt; Najim&#8221;, 1 June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Almasri was recently sentenced by a court in Tripoli to 7 years and 4 months' imprisonment, whilst still being the subject of an arrest warrant issued by the ICC. Libya, which is not a signatory to the Rome Statute (the founding treaty of the ICC), is not obliged to hand him over to the Court. See in this regard Il Post, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/06/21/almasri-condannato-libia-tortura-migranti/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;General Almasri has been sentenced in Libya to 7 years and 4 months for acts of violence against&lt;/a&gt; migrants&#8221;, 21 June 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, on this subject, the information on Libya on Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3565.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;&#8220;The Maghreb states and the European Union are guilty of systematic violations of international law and crimes against&lt;/a&gt; humanity&#8221;, 7 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also Refugees in Libya, &lt;a href=&#034;file:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/Book%20of%20Shame%202025%20Vol.%20I.%20.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034;&gt;&#8220;Book of Shame. How UNHCR Fails to Protect Refugees in Libya, Tunisia, and&lt;/a&gt; Niger&#8221;, 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/fiche_pays_ceuta_0624_ok_def.pdf&#034;&gt;&#8220;CEUTA&lt;/a&gt; Factsheet&#8221;, Isaline Roverato, 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/cp_migreurop_rwanda_jun_22_-_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;&#8220;UK&#8211;Rwanda Agreement: Outsourcing Asylum to Africa, a Massive Deterrent in&lt;/a&gt; Europe&#8221;, 20 June 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68792/autriche--le-regroupement-familial-suspendu-pour-six-mois-supplementaires&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Austria: family reunification suspended for a further six&lt;/a&gt; months&#8221;, 12 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Amnesty International Austria, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.at/presse/nationalrat-beschliesst-quotensystem-bei-familienzusammenfuehrung-amnesty-warnt-vor-verstoss-gegen-menschenrechte/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Nationalrat adopts quota system for family reunification: Amnesty warns of human rights&lt;/a&gt; violations', 19 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Cyprus Mail, &lt;a href=&#034;https://cyprus-mail.com/2026/05/27/migrant-dies-following-balcony-jump-during-immigration-raid&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Migrant dies following balcony jump during immigration&lt;/a&gt; raid&#8221;, 27 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Cyprus Mail, &lt;a href=&#034;https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/03/19/unhcr-expresses-concern-over-alleged-pushback-of-syrian-refugees&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;UNHCR expresses concern over alleged pushback of Syrian&lt;/a&gt; refugees', 19 March 2025 and InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/bn/post/60432/chypre-condamnee-par-la-cedh-pour-le-refoulement-en-mer-de-deux-syriens&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Cyprus condemned by the ECHR for pushing back two Syrians at&lt;/a&gt; sea', 9 October 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See below&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, on this subject, The New Arab, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.newarab.com/news/eyeing-migrant-returns-eu-moves-bolster-syria-ties&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Eyeing migrant returns, EU moves to bolster Syria&lt;/a&gt; ties', 12 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.internazionale.it/notizie/annalisa-camilli/2024/10/18/tribunale-di-roma-migranti-albania&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Rome court does not uphold the detention of migrants in&lt;/a&gt; Albania&#8221;, 18 October 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See SkyTG24, &lt;a href=&#034;https://tg24.sky.it/cronaca/2025/06/09/centri-migranti-albania-come-funzionano-costi&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;How migrant centres in Albania&lt;/a&gt; work', 9 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Fanpage, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.fanpage.it/politica/perche-con-il-nuovo-regolamento-ue-il-governo-meloni-puo-sbloccare-i-centri-in-albania/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Why, under the new EU regulation, Meloni can reopen the centres in&lt;/a&gt; Albania', 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also Italian Coalition for Freedom and Civil Rights (CILD), &lt;a href=&#034;https://cild.eu/blog/2025/12/10/il-protocollo-italia-albania-alla-corte-di-giustizia-ue/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;The Italy-Albania Protocol before the Court of Justice of the&lt;/a&gt; EU&#8221;, 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, the International Federation for Human Rights, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.fidh.org/fr/regions/europe-asie-centrale/irlande/irlande-du-nord-les-violences-et-intimidations-racistes-doivent&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Northern Ireland: racist violence and intimidation must&lt;/a&gt; stop', 11 June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Nikolas Feith Tan, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/0ECC0E27C5A586A214BB3D846CCA9788/9781316517840c10_252-271.pdf/community-sponsorship-of-refugees-and-local-governance.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Community Sponsorship of Refugees and Local&lt;/a&gt; Governance', in &lt;i&gt;Theorising Local Migration Law and Governance&lt;/i&gt;, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2022, pp. 252&#8211;271&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid., p. 258.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject the short documentary by MSF Frontlines, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KqOv3ssnHc&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;One in, one out: thousands of lives at&lt;/a&gt; risk', 21 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;On this point, see PICUM, &lt;a href=&#034;https://picum.org/blog/migrant-smuggling-why-we-need-a-paradigm-shift/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Migrant smuggling: why we need a paradigm&lt;/a&gt; shift', 18 July 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Amnesty International, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.ch/fr/pays/suisse/pas-de-suisse-a-10-millions&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;The &#8220;No Switzerland at 10 million&#8221; initiative: a frontal attack on the protection of human&lt;/a&gt; rights', 7 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Jo&#235;l Andriantsimbazovina, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.leclubdesjuristes.com/international/pressions-politiques-sur-la-cour-europeenne-des-droits-de-lhomme-11031/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Political pressure on the European Court of Human&lt;/a&gt; Rights', Le Club des Juristes, 12 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;A coalition of five Member States has already begun negotiations with third countries with a view to establishing &lt;i&gt;return hubs&lt;/i&gt;. See Euractiv, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euractiv.com/news/eu-return-hub-backers-eye-partner-countries-reveal-by-autumn-says-dutch-minister/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;EU return hubs to be revealed by autumn, says Dutch&lt;/a&gt; minister&#8221;, 5 June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb30&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 30&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Human Rights Watch, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/06/26/dangerous-eu-momentum-towards-offshore-deportation-centers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Dangerous EU Momentum Towards Offshore Deportation&lt;/a&gt; Centres', 26 June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb31&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh31&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 31&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For further reading, see in particular Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3560.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;&#8216;Adoption of the EU &#8220;Return&#8221; Regulation: the death knell for international&lt;/a&gt; law', 26 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb32&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh32&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 32&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Agreements with Libya or Turkey are further examples.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb33&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh33&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 33&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For further information, see Human Rights Watch, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/09/02/gender-apartheid-as-an-international-crime&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Gender Apartheid as an International Crime: Taliban Oppression in Afghanistan Triggers&lt;/a&gt; Campaign', 2 September 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb34&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh34&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 34&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;34&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also Amnesty International, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/location/asia-and-the-pacific/south-asia/afghanistan/report-afghanistan/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Afghanistan: the human rights situation in 2025', 2026&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Revue de presse mai/juin 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3599.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3599.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-07-09T16:27:48Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Egypte</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Libye</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Maroc</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Rwanda</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Autriche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Chypre</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Manche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Gr&#232;ce</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Albanie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Afghanistan</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Suisse</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Enfermement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation des fronti&#232;res</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Politiques migratoires</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pays s&#251;rs</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Renvois forc&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Surveillance et contr&#244;le</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;&#201;gypte/UE EuroNews, &#171; EU pays Egypt billions to manage migration &#8212; Cairo says it is not enough &#187;, le 21 mai 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Face &#224; la crise de l'accueil &#224; laquelle l'&#201;gypte est actuellement confront&#233;e, le Caire presse l'UE d'augmenter ses financements en mati&#232;re de &#171; gestion des migrations &#187;.Le r&#233;gime juge &#171; insuffisante &#187; l'enveloppe de 200 millions d'euros d&#233;di&#233;e dont le pays b&#233;n&#233;ficie actuellement, pour la p&#233;riode 2024-2027. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Depuis presque 30 ans partenaire cl&#233; de l'Union en mati&#232;re (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Revues de presse&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation des fronti&#232;res&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot204.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Surveillance et contr&#244;le&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/visuel_rp-3-68eca.png?1783614546' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;&#201;gypte/UE&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;&#201;gypte/UE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libye&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Libye&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Maroc&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Maroc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Rwanda/Royaume-Uni&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Rwanda/Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Autriche&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Autriche&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Chypre&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Chypre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Gr&#232;ce&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italie/Albanie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Italie/Albanie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Su&#232;de&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni/France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;Royaume-Uni/France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Suisse&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_11'&gt;Suisse&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;D&#233;claration de Chisinau&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_12'&gt;D&#233;claration de Chisinau&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Entr&#233;e en application du Pacte migration et asile&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_13'&gt;Entr&#233;e en application du (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Adoption d&#233;finitive du r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_14'&gt;Adoption d&#233;finitive du r&#232;gleme&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Une d&#233;l&#233;gation de Talibans &#224; Bruxelles&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_15'&gt;Une d&#233;l&#233;gation de Talibans (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&#201;gypte/UE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;EuroNews, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euronews.com/2026/05/21/eu-pays-egypt-billions-to-manage-migration-cairo-says-it-is-not-enough&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;EU pays Egypt billions to manage migration &#8212; Cairo says it is not enough&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 21 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Face &#224; la crise de l'accueil &#224; laquelle l'&#201;gypte est actuellement confront&#233;e, le Caire presse l'UE d'augmenter ses financements en mati&#232;re de &#171; gestion des migrations &#187;.Le r&#233;gime juge &#171; insuffisante &#187; l'enveloppe de 200 millions d'euros d&#233;di&#233;e dont le pays b&#233;n&#233;ficie actuellement, pour la p&#233;riode 2024-2027.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis presque 30 ans partenaire cl&#233; de l'Union en mati&#232;re d'externalisation des fronti&#232;res &#8211; pilier de la politique migratoire europ&#233;enne &#8211;, l'&#201;gypte dispose d'un levier de n&#233;gociation consid&#233;rable. Il ne serait d&#232;s lors pas surprenant que les financements europ&#233;ens soient effectivement revus &#224; la hausse, dans une p&#233;riode historique o&#249; les entraves &#224; la mobilit&#233; sont devenues une priorit&#233; absolue pour l'UE.Ce, en d&#233;pit des violations syst&#233;matiques des droits des personnes migrantes dans le pays : les exil&#233;&#183;es en &#201;gypte sont d&#233;tenu&#183;es arbitrairement dans des conditions inhumaines et d&#233;gradantes, et les refoulements continuent d'augmenter&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet la fiche d'information d'EuroMed Droits, &#171; S&#251;r sur le (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En mars 2026, des expert&#183;es ind&#233;pendant&#183;es mandat&#233;&#183;es par le Conseil des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU ont par ailleurs alert&#233; sur une intensification des expulsions et des violations des droits fondamentaux visant les personnes exil&#233;es sur le territoire &#233;gyptien, en particulier les ressortissant&#183;es soudanais&#183;es et syrien&#183;nes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir HCDH, &#171; Egypt : UN experts raise alarm over violations against refugees (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Libye&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20260519-libye-ange-de-la-mort-ancien-directeur-prison-libyen-cpi-khaled-el-hishri&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;L'ange de la mort' : un ancien directeur de prison libyen devant la CPI&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 19 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Du 19 au 21 mai, comparaissait devant la Cour p&#233;nale internationale (CPI), en audience pr&#233;liminaire, Khaled Mohamed Ali El Hishri, membre libyen de la milice des forces sp&#233;ciales de dissuasion et haut responsable de la prison de Mitiga &#224; Tripoli, o&#249; il aurait directement commis, ordonn&#233; et facilit&#233; de multiples crimes entre 2014 et 2020 (crimes de guerre, crimes contre l'humanit&#233;, tortures, viols, meurtres, et autres pers&#233;cutions). Ses victimes auraient &#233;t&#233; cibl&#233;es en fonction de leur genre, de leur origine ethnique, de leur orientation sexuelle et de leur statut migratoire. El Hishri est le premier suspect &#224; compara&#238;tre devant la CPI pour des atrocit&#233;s commises en Libye contre les personnes exil&#233;es,dans le cadre de l'enqu&#234;te men&#233;e depuis 2011 par la Cour, sous mandat de l'ONU&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;14 personnes, dont E Hishri,font actuellement l'objet de mandats (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Apr&#232;s des d&#233;cennies d'impunit&#233;, l'ouverture de ces audiences constitue une avanc&#233;e importante pour les victimes du syst&#232;me de d&#233;tention libyen, aliment&#233; et soutenu par l'Europe &#224; travers ses politiques d'externalisation des fronti&#232;res. La coop&#233;ration de l'UE et de ses &#201;tats membres (notamment l'Italie) avec la Libye repose sur trois piliers : le soutien technique et l'assistance apport&#233;s au &#171; d&#233;partement libyen de lutte contre l'immigration ill&#233;gale &#187; (DCIM) - qui g&#232;re les camps et les prisons o&#249; les personnes migrantes subissent de graves violations des droits humains - ; la formation et l'&#233;quipement des garde-c&#244;tes libyens afin d'intercepter les personnes en mer et de les refouler vers la Libye ; la conclusion d'accords avec les autorit&#233;s locales libyennes et les groupes arm&#233;s en vue de renforcer les contr&#244;les des fronti&#232;res dans le sud du pays&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Amnesty International, &#171; Libye. Les gouvernements europ&#233;ens (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En poursuivant et en renfor&#231;ant ses relations avec la Libye en mati&#232;re de migrations, l'UE se rend complice des crimes aujourd'hui examin&#233;s par la CPI, ainsi que de l'impunit&#233; dont continuent de b&#233;n&#233;ficier plusieurs de leurs auteurs&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour en savoir plus, voir le communiqu&#233; de Refugees in Libya, &#171; Civil (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.Le cas de Najim Isama Almasri illustre bien cette complicit&#233; de longue date. Ancien chef de la police judiciaire libyenne et complice d'El Hishri dans la gestion de Mitiga, il fait lui aussi l'objet d'un mandat d'arr&#234;t international de la CPI.Lorsqu'il se trouvait sur le territoire italien d&#233;but 2025, Rome l'a renvoy&#233; en Libye &#224; bord d'un vol d'&#201;tat, sans le remettre &#224; la Cour&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ce refus de coop&#233;rer avec la Cour a valu &#224; l'Italie deux plaintes devant la (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Almasri a r&#233;cemment &#233;t&#233; condamn&#233; par un tribunal de Tripoli &#224; 7 ans et 4 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71751/jai-peur-je-ne-sors-plus-de-chez-moi--en-libye-les-noirs-se-terrent-terrifies-par-la-chasse-aux-migrants-qui-sevit-dans-le-pays&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;'J'ai peur, je ne sors plus de chez moi' : en Libye, les Noirs se terrent, terrifi&#233;s par 'la chasse aux migrants' qui s&#233;vit dans le pays&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 5 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis d&#233;but juin, les Africain&#183;es d'origine subsaharienne en Libye sont la cible d'une chasse aux migrant&#183;es men&#233;e &#224; la fois par des citoyen&#183;nes hostiles, par les forces de police et par des milices locales. Beaucoup se cachent et n'osent plus sortir de chez eux de peur d'&#234;tre attaqu&#233;&#183;es. Cette vague de violences fait suite &#224; des manifestations anti-immigration devant les locaux du Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r&#233;fugi&#233;s (HCR) &#224; Tripoli, d&#233;clench&#233;es par de fausses informations diffus&#233;es sur les r&#233;seaux sociauxsur l'existence d'un programme imaginaire de r&#233;installation de r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es en Libye. Les manifestant&#183;es r&#233;clamaient le d&#233;part du HCR de Libye et la cessation des activit&#233;s des services d'aide aux r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es. Le HCR s'est dit inquiet des discours de haine des manifestant&#183;es, et a indiqu&#233; travailler en coop&#233;ration avec les autorit&#233;s libyennespour trouver des solutions aux personnes qui ont fui les conflits.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pourtant, ces m&#234;mes autorit&#233;s ont men&#233;, dans le cadre de cette escalade de violence, des rafles massives dans les quartiers o&#249; vivent les personnes exil&#233;es. Il convient par ailleurs de pr&#233;ciser que les rafles et les arrestations arbitraires de personnes migrantes par les autorit&#233;s libyennes sont delongue daterecens&#233;es en Libye. Les personnes concern&#233;&#183;es sont d&#233;tenu&#183;es dans des conditions inhumaines et soumis&#183;es &#224; la torture. Les faits de violences physiques, psychologiques et sexuelles ainsi que l'abandon &#224; la mort dans le d&#233;sert ont &#233;t&#233; &#233;galement largement document&#233;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet les informations relatives &#224; la Libye sur Migreurop, &#171; Les (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le HCR, dont le mandat est de prot&#233;ger les r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es en Libye, semble en r&#233;alit&#233; servir de &#171; caution humanitaire &#187; pour permettre aux &#201;tats europ&#233;ens de poursuivreleur coop&#233;ration avec un &#201;tat failli, o&#249; les droits sont syst&#233;matiquement bafou&#233;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Refugees in Libya, &#171; Book of Shame. How UNHCR Fails to (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Maroc&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71287/on-te-traite-comme-du-betail--des-migrants-arretes-au-maroc-sur-la-route-de-melilla-racontent-leur-calvaire&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;'On te traite comme du b&#233;tail' : des migrants arr&#234;t&#233;s au Maroc sur la route de Melilla racontent leur calvaire&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 8 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fin avril, sept personnes de nationalit&#233; mauritanienne ont tent&#233; de franchir la seule fronti&#232;re terrestre entre le Maroc et l'enclave de Melilla, sous contr&#244;le espagnol. Arr&#234;t&#233;es par la police, elles ont &#233;t&#233; soumises &#224; des traitements d&#233;gradants (dont passages &#224; tabac et vol de leurs effets personnels) avant d'&#234;tre refoul&#233;es &#224; la fronti&#232;re maroco-alg&#233;rienne.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce type de violence est une r&#233;alit&#233; quotidienne pour les personnes qui tentent de rejoindre les territoires de Ceuta et Melilla, situ&#233;es sur le continent africain mais sous contr&#244;le europ&#233;en. La fronti&#232;re entre le territoire marocain et ces enclaves est hautement militaris&#233;e : au fil des ann&#233;es, de hautes barri&#232;res ont &#233;t&#233; &#233;rig&#233;es et un dispositif dense de radars, cam&#233;ras thermiques et infrarouges a &#233;t&#233; d&#233;ploy&#233; tout au long de la ligne frontali&#232;re, dans le but d'emp&#234;cher toute arriv&#233;e sur le sol europ&#233;en. Les refoulements y sont syst&#233;matiques et s'accompagnent souvent de violences physiques et de vols, perp&#233;tr&#233;s tant par les forces marocaines que par les forces espagnoles, dont la collaboration en mati&#232;re de migrations remonte &#224; 1992 (accord sur la circulation des personnes, du transit et de la r&#233;admission des &#233;trangers entr&#233;s ill&#233;galement). Cette coop&#233;ration s'est depuis consolid&#233;e par une s&#233;rie d'accords d'externalisation (entre l'Espagne et le Maroc, mais aussi entre l'UE et le Maroc), qui ont fait de ce pays une v&#233;ritable &#171; zone de blocage &#187; des migrations. Les violations syst&#233;matiques des droits humains &#224; Ceuta et Melilla sont embl&#233;matiques du processus de construction d'une Europe verrouill&#233;e, et se poursuivent en toute impunit&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; Fiche CEUTA &#187;, Isaline Roverato, 2024&#034; id=&#034;nh2-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rwanda/Royaume-Uni&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy526klrk20o&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;UK wins court case over collapsed Rwanda asylum deal&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, le 1er juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Cour permanente d'arbitrage (CPA) a rejet&#233; la demande d'indemnisation pr&#233;sent&#233;e par le Rwanda &#224; l'encontre du Royaume-Uni, dans le cadre de l'annulation de l'arrangement migratoire conclu entre les deux &#201;tats en 2022. L'objectif de cet accord informel &#233;tait d'expulser vers le Rwanda les personnes &#233;trang&#232;res arriv&#233;es sur le territoire britannique de mani&#232;re dite &#171; irr&#233;guli&#232;re &#187;, dontla demande de protection avait &#233;t&#233; d&#233;clar&#233;e irrecevable. La Cour supr&#234;me britannique avait d&#233;clar&#233; cet arrangement ill&#233;gal du fait que le Rwanda ne pouvait &#234;tre consid&#233;r&#233; comme un pays s&#251;r pour les exil&#233;&#183;es. En 2024, sous le gouvernement Starmer, l'accord avait finalement &#233;t&#233; annul&#233; et les paiements suspendus. Le Rwanda avait alors engag&#233; une proc&#233;dure d'arbitrage en janvier 2026, r&#233;clamant au Royaume-Uni une indemnisation de 50 millions de livres sterling.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se cl&#244;t ainsi un contentieux qui illustre bien la logique marchande propre &#224; l'externalisation, qui r&#233;duit les exil&#233;&#183;es &#224; une monnaie d'&#233;change permettant d'un c&#244;t&#233; aux pays europ&#233;ens de se d&#233;barrasser des personnes consid&#233;r&#233;es &#171; ind&#233;sirables &#187;, et de l'autre aux r&#233;gimes autoritaires non europ&#233;ens de s'assurer des rentr&#233;es financi&#232;res et d'obtenir une r&#233;habilitation diplomatique en tant que partenaires l&#233;gitimes aupr&#232;s des pays europ&#233;ens&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens Migreurop, &#171; Arrangement Royaume-Uni/Rwanda : externaliser (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Autriche&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/71504/austria-limits-refugee-family-reunification-under-new-quota-system&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;fr&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Austria limits refugee family reunification under new quota system&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 21 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Parlement autrichien a adopt&#233; une nouvelle loi instaurant des plafonds annuels pour le regroupement familial, dont le niveau n'a pas encore &#233;t&#233; fix&#233;. Cette loi fait suite &#224; une mesure de suspension des proc&#233;dures de regroupement familial adopt&#233;e en 2025, motiv&#233;e par une pr&#233;tendue &#171; surcharge &#187; des services sociaux, et adopt&#233;e en invoquant de mani&#232;re injustifi&#233;e la &#171; clause d'urgence &#187; pr&#233;vue &#224; l'article 72 du Trait&#233; sur le fonctionnement de l'Union europ&#233;enne&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; Autriche : le regroupement familial suspendu (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Avec l'introduction de ce syst&#232;me de quotas, l'Autriche bafoue ses obligations en mati&#232;re d'accueil et de protection : la loi entra&#238;nera une s&#233;paration des familles, en violation du droit &#224; la vie familiale prot&#233;g&#233; par l'article 8 de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, ainsi que de la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l'UE et de la Cour europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, qui ont &#233;tabli l'irr&#233;gularit&#233; de quotasappliqu&#233;s au regroupement familial en l'absence d'examen individuel de chaque situation&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Amnesty International Austriche, &#171; Nationalrat beschlie&#223;t (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc8&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chypre&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;CyprusMail, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://cyprus-mail.com/2026/06/08/eu-earmarks-e800m-for-cyprus-to-tackle-immigration&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;EU earmarks &#8364;800m for Cyprus to tackle immigration&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 8 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chypre recevra 800 millions d'euros de l'UE pour la p&#233;riode 2028-2034, destin&#233;s &#224; la &#171; gestion de l'immigration &#187;, soit une hausse de 70 % par rapport aux 480 millions allou&#233;s pour la p&#233;riode 2021-2027.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Jusqu'ici, les financements europ&#233;ens ont &#233;t&#233; utilis&#233;s pour construire des camps, &#224; faciliter les renvois forc&#233;s(Chypre a enregistr&#233; ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es un nombre d'expulsions de personnes migrantes sans pr&#233;c&#233;dent), ou &#224; renforcer les op&#233;rations de d&#233;tection des personnes d&#233;pourvues de droit au s&#233;jour. Fin mai, trois personnes exil&#233;es ont saut&#233; d'un balcon &#224; Larnaca pour &#233;chapper aux rafles qui s'intensifient dans le pays. L'une d'elles est d&#233;c&#233;d&#233;e&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Cyprus Mail, &#171; Migrant dies following balcony jump during (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chypre a &#233;t&#233; &#224; plusieurs reprises accus&#233;e et reconnue coupable de violations des droits des personnes migrantes, notamment de refoulements&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Cyprus Mail, &#171; UNHCR expresses concern over alleged pushback (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Pourtant, la partie sud de l'&#238;le continuera de b&#233;n&#233;ficier du soutien et de la collaboration de l'UE dans ses politiques migratoires attentatoires aux droits et &#224; la vie des exil&#233;&#183;es.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc9&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Al Jazeera, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/6/1/greece-reopens-syrian-and-afghan-asylum-cases-hoping-for-returns&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Greece reopens Syrian and Afghan asylum cases, hoping for returns&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 1 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis f&#233;vrier, la Gr&#232;ce a rouvert l'ensemble des dossiers d'asile susceptibles d'&#234;tre rejet&#233;s. Dans ce cadre, les dossiers des ressortissant&#183;es syrien&#183;nes et afghan&#183;es, et particuli&#232;rement des hommes, font l'objet d'un r&#233;examen quasi syst&#233;matique, avec des taux de rejet en forte hausse.Cette r&#233;vision r&#233;v&#233;lerait une volont&#233; politique plus large de se d&#233;barrasser des exil&#233;&#183;es musulman&#183;es ou originaires de pays &#224; majorit&#233; musulmane, en les expulsant vers des r&#233;gimes o&#249; de graves violations des droits humains sont document&#233;es. Le ministre de la migration et de l'asile, Athanasios Plevris, a par ailleurs assum&#233; ce virage raciste sans d&#233;tour lors d'une r&#233;cente audition parlementaire, d&#233;clarant que la Gr&#232;ce pr&#233;f&#233;rait accueillir des travailleur&#183;ses migrant&#183;es non musulman&#183;es.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La strat&#233;gie grecque s'inscrit dans un climat europ&#233;en de racisme et d'islamophobie croissants. Plusieurs pays europ&#233;ens, l'Allemagne au premier rang, envisagent d&#233;sormais des renvois forc&#233;s de ressortissant&#183;es afghan&#183;es et syrien&#183;nes, en d&#233;pit de la situation extr&#234;mement dangereuse dans leurs pays d'origine. L'Union europ&#233;enne elle-m&#234;me a accueilli une d&#233;l&#233;gation talibane &#224; Bruxelles le 23 juin, afin de n&#233;gocier les expulsions des Afghan&#183;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voirci-dessous&#034; id=&#034;nh2-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, et a renouvel&#233; son accord de coop&#233;ration avec la Syrie - mettant fin &#224; lasuspension partielle en vigueur depuis 2011 -, ce qui refl&#232;te une volont&#233; d'acc&#233;l&#233;rer les renvois forc&#233;s des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es syrien&#183;nes r&#233;sidant dans toute l'Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet The New Arab, &#171; Eyeing migrant returns, EU moves to bolster (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc10&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italie/Albanie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;La Repubblica, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2026/05/11/news/palazzo_chigi_centri_albania_migranti_hub_frontiera-425336592/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Palazzo Chigi ci riprova : &#8220;Nei centri in Albania i migranti presi in mare&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 11 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le gouvernement italien travaillerait actuellement sur un nouveau d&#233;cret dans le cadre du protocole d'accord Italie-Albanie (2023). Le but serait de revenir au projet initial d'externaliser dans les camps de Sh&#235;ngjin et Gjad&#235;r&#8211; sous juridiction italienne - le traitement acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233; des demandes d'asile. Les personnes concern&#233;es sont les migrant&#183;esintercept&#233;&#183;es en mer par les autorit&#233;s italiennes, originaires de pays dits &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; et consid&#233;r&#233;es &#171; non vuln&#233;rables &#187;. Selon le gouvernement, ce changement serait rendu possible par le Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile, entr&#233; en application le 12 juin 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le projet initial avait jusqu'ici &#233;t&#233; frein&#233; par plusieurs d&#233;cisions de justice, le tribunal de Rome ayant &#224; plusieurs reprises refus&#233; de valider la r&#233;tention dans les camps en Albanie, estimant que les pays d'origine des personnes concern&#233;es, comme le Bangladesh ou l'&#201;gypte, ne pouvaient &#234;tre consid&#233;r&#233;s comme &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; au regard du droit europ&#233;en&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet &#171; Il tribunale di Roma non convalida il trattenimento dei (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Pour &#233;viter que ces camps ne deviennent inutilisables, l'Italie les a donc convertis en 2025 en centres de r&#233;tention et d'expulsion italiens (CPR)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet SkyTG24, &#171; Come funzionano i centri per migranti in Albania (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.L'entr&#233;e en application du Pacte pourrait toutefois lever ces obstacles. Le Pacte permet en effet de qualifier un pays de partiellement &#171; s&#251;r &#187; et facilite le recours aux proc&#233;dures acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;es pour les ressortissant&#183;es de pays dont le taux de reconnaissance de l'asile est faible (&lt; 20 %). Avec la nouvelle liste europ&#233;enne commune des &#171; pays d'origine s&#251;rs &#187;, ces mesures offrent &#224; l'Italie une base juridique plus solide pour r&#233;activer les centres albanais&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir Fanpage, &#171; Perch&#233; con il nuovo regolamento UE Meloni puo sbloccare i (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mais des doutes persistent encore, notamment quant &#224; la possibilit&#233;, pour l'Italie, ded&#233;tenirdes demandeur&#183;euses d'asile en proc&#233;dure normale sur un territoire situ&#233; en dehors de l'UE, une question soumise &#224; la Cour de justice de l'Union europ&#233;enne (CJUE), qui devrait se prononcer dans les prochains mois&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Coalizione italiana libert&#224; e diritti civili (CILD), &#171; Il (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc11&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71931/suede--le-parlement-vote-une-loi-obligeant-les-administrations-publiques-a-denoncer-les-sanspapiers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Su&#232;de : le Parlement vote une loi obligeant les administrations publiques &#224; d&#233;noncer les sans-papiers&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 16 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lundi 15 juin, le Parlement su&#233;dois a adopt&#233; deux projets de loi visant &#224; intensifier les expulsions des personnes exil&#233;es. La premi&#232;re mesure, dite &#171; snitch law &#187; (loi sur la d&#233;lation), oblige six administrations publiques (emploi, retraites, imp&#244;ts, dettes, assurance sociale et administration p&#233;nitentiaire) &#224; signaler &#224; la police les personnes sans titre de s&#233;jour avec lesquelles leurs fonctionnaires entrent en contact. La deuxi&#232;me, dite loi de &#171; bonne conduite &#187;, pr&#233;voit l'expulsion des personnes &#233;trang&#232;res r&#233;sidant en Su&#232;de qui ne m&#232;neraient pas une &#171; vie honn&#234;te &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ces mesures instaurent en Su&#232;de un appareil &#233;tatique de contr&#244;le et de coercition, qui entra&#238;nera du profilage racial, des discriminations au faci&#232;s et de graves atteintes &#224; l'acc&#232;s aux droits des personnes migrantes. La &#171; snitch law &#187; risque d'emp&#234;cher l'acc&#232;s aux droits sociaux des personnes exil&#233;es, qui pourraient renoncer &#224; des services essentiels, y compris &#224; se rendre &#224; l'h&#244;pital ou &#224; l'&#233;cole, de peur d'&#234;tre&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;d&#233;nonc&#233;&#183;es. En mettant en &#339;uvre l'utilisation syst&#233;matique des administrations et des services publics comme outils de surveillance, elle pr&#233;figure le r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187; - adopt&#233; le 17 juin par le Parlement europ&#233;en -, qui autorise les rafles dans les lieux publics et les domiciles priv&#233;s. La loi de &#171; bonne conduite &#187;, quant &#224; elle, ne pr&#233;cise pas les crit&#232;res permettant de d&#233;finir ce qui constituerait une &#171; mauvaise conduite &#187;. Son caract&#232;re discr&#233;tionnaire expose les personnes exil&#233;es au risque de se voir refuser ou r&#233;voquer leur titre de s&#233;jour sur la base de comportements qui ne sont ni ill&#233;gaux ni sanctionn&#233;s pour les citoyen&#183;nes su&#233;dois&#183;es. Il s'agit de la mise en place d&#233;lib&#233;r&#233;e d'une incertitude juridique et d'une mise sous condition des droits, dissuasive et contraire &#224; l'&#201;tat de droit. Elles pousseront &#224; la peur et &#224; l'autocensure parmi les personnes migrantes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc13&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20260609-attaque-%C3%A0-belfast-les-autorit%C3%A9s-appellent-au-calme-face-au-risque-de-violences-anti-immigr%C3%A9s&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;fr&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Violentes manifestations anti-immigration &#224; Belfast apr&#232;s une attaque imput&#233;e &#224; un r&#233;fugi&#233;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, le 9 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/europe/20260613-%C3%A0-belfast-un-vaste-rassemblement-contre-le-racisme-apr%C3%A8s-des-%C3%A9meutes-anti-immigr%C3%A9s&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;fr&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#192; Belfast, un vaste rassemblement contre le racisme apr&#232;s des &#233;meutes anti-immigr&#233;s&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;le 13 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 9 juin, des manifestations anti-immigr&#233;&#183;es se sont tenues &#224; Belfast (Irlande du Nord) au lendemain d'une attaque au couteau imput&#233;e &#224; un ressortissant soudanais, dont la vid&#233;o a &#233;t&#233; diffus&#233;e sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux. Des groupes n&#233;ofascistes organis&#233;s ont incendi&#233; des voitures et des logements appartenant pour la plupart &#224; des personnes exil&#233;es. Quelques jours plus tard, une grande manifestation antiraciste a &#233;t&#233; organis&#233;e pour d&#233;noncer cette vague de violence raciste.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cet &#233;pisode illustre un m&#233;canisme bien connu dans plusieurs pays europ&#233;ens et au-del&#224; : un d&#233;lit ou crime commis par une personne &#233;trang&#232;re est instrumentalis&#233; pour cibler des communaut&#233;s enti&#232;res de personnes exil&#233;es et l&#233;gitimer &#224; leur encontre des attaques violentes et des intimidations &#224; caract&#232;re racial. Cette dynamique s'inscrit dans un contexte de forte mont&#233;e du racisme et de l'extr&#234;me droite au Royaume-Uni - visible tant sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux que dans l'espace public (fresques murales incitant &#224; la haine raciale, rassemblements anti-migrant&#183;es...)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment F&#233;d&#233;ration Internationale pour les Droits Humains, &#171; Irlande (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; - qui menace la vie et la s&#233;curit&#233; des personnes exil&#233;es et des personnes non blanches.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/72119/au-royaumeuni-le-gouvernement-veut-etendre-laccueil-parraine-des-refugies&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Au Royaume-Uni, le gouvernement veut &#233;tendre l'accueil parrain&#233; des r&#233;fugi&#233;s&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 30 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 30 juin, la ministre britannique de l'int&#233;rieur, Shabana Mahmood,&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mahmood-myreforms-will-save-the-asylum-system-for-a-generation&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;a annonc&#233;&lt;/a&gt; la mise en place d'un syst&#232;me d'accueil des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es par parrainage, qui entrera en vigueur &#224; l'automne 2027. Concr&#232;tement, des universit&#233;s, entreprises et autres organisations pourront d&#233;sormais parrainer une personne reconnue r&#233;fugi&#233;e au sens de l'article 1 de la&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/fr/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-relating-status-refugees&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Convention de Gen&#232;ve de 1951&lt;/a&gt;, lui permettant de s'installer l&#233;galement au Royaume-Uni. Ce sont les organisations en charge de ce parrainagequi seront responsables du logement, de l'int&#233;gration et de l'assistance &#224; l'insertion professionnelle des personnes s&#233;lectionn&#233;es. Le nombre de b&#233;n&#233;ficiaires potentiels n'a pas encore &#233;t&#233; pr&#233;cis&#233;, et les candidatures resteront soumises &#224; un contr&#244;le gouvernemental strict.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cet annonce intervient dans un contexte de durcissement g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233; de la politique d'asile britannique. Les dispositifs de parrainage sont en effet fr&#233;quemment utilis&#233;s par les gouvernements pour afficher une image de g&#233;n&#233;rosit&#233; s&#233;lective envers les &#171; vrais r&#233;fugi&#233;s &#187; (Mahmood utilise l'expression &#171; &lt;i&gt;genuine refugees&lt;/i&gt; &#187;), tout en d&#233;tournant l'attention des politiques de dissuasion qui demeurent inchang&#233;es, voire renforc&#233;es. Les parrainages deviennent ainsi les instruments d'une politique de tri, qui permettent aux &#201;tats d'avoir des quotas de personnes entrant sur leur territoire, et qui permettent de s&#233;lectionner certaines cat&#233;gories de r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es, selon leur niveau de qualification ou leur religion (on pense notamment aux parrainages par des &#233;glises)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Nikolas Feith Tan, &#171; Community Sponsorship of Refugees and (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. L'&#201;tat se d&#233;sengage par ailleurs de ses responsabilit&#233;s en mati&#232;re de protection et d'asile, en transf&#233;rant au secteur priv&#233; une obligation qui lui incombe l&#233;galement. Au-del&#224; des b&#233;n&#233;fices individuels dont peuvent jouir les personnes s&#233;lectionn&#233;es, ce dispositif, qui s'inscrit dans un contexte britannique hautement r&#233;pressif &#224; l'&#233;gard des exil&#233;&#183;es, risque de d&#233;naturer l'esprit du droit d'asile, qui pourrait alors &#234;tre r&#233;duit &#224; &#171; une entreprise d'immigration n&#233;olib&#233;rale et privatis&#233;e, r&#233;serv&#233;e aux seuls migrants hautement qualifi&#233;s et &#233;duqu&#233;s, ou &#224; certains groupes ethniques ou religieux &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibidem, p. 258.&#034; id=&#034;nh2-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc14&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Royaume-Uni/France&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/06/23/migration-un-premier-pas-vers-une-europeanisation-de-la-gestion-des-traversees-de-la-manche_6708581_3210.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=2&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Migration : un premier pas vers une europ&#233;anisation de la gestion des travers&#233;es de la Manche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 23 juin &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'accord &#171; One in, one out &#187; (2025) entre la France et le Royaume-Uni ne sera pas renouvel&#233; apr&#232;s octobre 2026. Il sera remplac&#233; par un &lt;a href=&#034;https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/ee521a9c-effe-494f-ae61-65ffcf778e46_en?filename=EU Action Plan for the Channel route.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;plan d'action de la Commission europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;pour la route migratoire de la Manche, &#233;labor&#233; en partenariat avec le Royaume-Uni et publi&#233; le 16 juin.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'accord &#171; One in, one out &#187; pr&#233;voit actuellement que pour chaque demandeur&#183;euse d'asile que le Royaume-Uni s'engage &#224; accueillir par &#171; voie l&#233;gale &#187;, la France accepte en retour de r&#233;admettre sur son territoire une personne arriv&#233;e au Royaume-Uni de fa&#231;ondite irr&#233;guli&#232;re&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet le court documentaire de MSF Frontlines, &#171; One in, one out (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le nouveau plan d'action pr&#233;voit une approche r&#233;pressive articul&#233;e autour de trois axes : le renforcement de la coop&#233;ration diplomatique avec les pays d'origine et de transit pour faciliter les expulsions ; la &#171; lutte contre les passeurs &#187; (qui laisse craindre une criminalisation accrue des personnes migrantes et des organisations solidaires&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Sur ce point, voir PICUM, &#171; Migrant smuggling : why we need a paradigm shift (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;) ; et l'augmentation des moyens allou&#233;s aux forces de l'ordre et au contr&#244;le des fronti&#232;res. Sans surprise, le texte fait r&#233;f&#233;rence &#224; la n&#233;cessit&#233; d'entraver la migration &#171; ill&#233;gale &#187; afin de dissuader les personnes d'entreprendre des travers&#233;es dangereuses.Un artifice rh&#233;torique qui occulte que c'est pr&#233;cis&#233;ment le verrouillage des fronti&#232;res qui pousse de nombreuses personnes &#224; continuer d'entreprendre ces travers&#233;esdangereuses.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc15&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_11&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Suisse&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euractiv.com/news/swiss-reject-divisive-anti-immigration-proposal-projections/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;fr&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Swiss reject divisive anti-immigration proposal &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 14 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 14 juin, 54 % des &#233;lecteur&#183;ices suisses ont rejet&#233; l'initiative anti-immigration &#171; Pas de Suisse &#224; 10 millions ! &#187;. Port&#233;e par le parti d'extr&#234;me droite UDC, l'initiative d&#233;signait les demandeur&#183;euses d'asile comme la cause d'une croissance d&#233;mographique mettant en p&#233;ril la &#171; durabilit&#233; &#187; du pays. Le texte exigeait de maintenir la population r&#233;sidente permanente sous le seuil de dix millions d'habitants d'ici 2050, &#224; travers des mesures migratoires r&#233;pressives et contraires aux obligations du pays en mati&#232;re d'accueil et de protection. D&#232;s que la population aura atteint 9,5 millions de personnes, les demandeur&#183;euses d'asile admis &#224; titre provisoire n'auraient plus aucune perspective de rester dans le pays. En cas de d&#233;passement des 10 millions, les accords internationaux accus&#233;s d'encourager la croissance d&#233;mographique devraient&#234;tre ren&#233;goci&#233;s, voire d&#233;nonc&#233;s. L'application de textes tels que le Pacte mondial sur la migration, la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, la Convention de Gen&#232;ve relative au statut des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es et l'Accord europ&#233;en sur la libre circulation des personnes seraitmenac&#233;e&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International, &#171; Initiative &#171; Pas de Suisse &#224; 10 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'initiative a &#233;chou&#233; gr&#226;ce &#224; la forte opposition des associations patronales et syndicales, qui craignaient de lourdes r&#233;percussions sur l'emploi et la croissance.M&#234;me si nombre d'arguments pour le &#171; non &#187; &#233;taient de nature &#233;conomique, le rejet de l'initiative reste une victoire importante et un revers contre le projet de soci&#233;t&#233; de l'extr&#234;me droite. Un projet qui aurait expos&#233; les personnes exil&#233;es &#224; un risque r&#233;el de refoulement aux fronti&#232;res et de suspension des proc&#233;dures d'asile, et qui aurait conduit, par la possibilit&#233; de d&#233;noncer des accords internationaux de protection des droits humains, &#224; un affaiblissement g&#233;n&#233;ral de ces protections pour tous&#183;tes, et pas seulement pour les personnes exil&#233;es.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc17&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_12&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;D&#233;claration de Chisinau&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euractiv.com/news/european-countries-urge-rethink-of-human-rights-on-migration/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;European countries urge rethink of human rights on migration&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 15 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 15 mai 2026, le Comit&#233; des Ministres du Conseil de l'Europe a adopt&#233; &#224; Chisinau (Moldavie) une d&lt;a href=&#034;https://rm.coe.int/pdf/09125948802bc2cc&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#233;claration&lt;/a&gt;qui propose une interpr&#233;tation restrictive de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme (CEDH) afin de faciliter les expulsions des exil&#233;&#183;es d&#233;pourvu&#183;es de droit au s&#233;jour ou ayant commis des infractions graves. La d&#233;claration propose une r&#233;interpr&#233;tation de l'article 8 (droit au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale) permettant de &#171; r&#233;&#233;quilibrer &#187; les droits individuels des personnes exil&#233;es avec &#171; l'int&#233;r&#234;t et la s&#233;curit&#233; publics &#187;. Elle propose &#233;galement une r&#233;duction du champ d'application de l'article 3 (interdiction de la torture et des traitements inhumains et d&#233;gradants), afin qu'un acc&#232;s insuffisant aux soins de sant&#233; ou des conditions socio-&#233;conomiques pr&#233;caires dans le pays d'expulsion ne puissent constituer un traitement inhumain ou d&#233;gradant faisant obstacle au renvoi forc&#233;. Il convient cependant de rappeler que l'article 3 ne souffre aucune exception.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Conseil de l'Europe a ainsi donn&#233; suite &#224; la &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-to-the-conference-of-ministers-of-justice-of-the-council-of-europe&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;d&#233;claration&lt;/a&gt;formul&#233;e en d&#233;cembre 2025 par 27 &#201;tats membres demandant une interpr&#233;tation plus restrictive de la CEDH en mati&#232;re de renvois forc&#233;s. Si la d&#233;claration de Chisinau demeure non contraignante juridiquement, elle constitue une &#233;tape politique pr&#233;occupante qui contribuera - avec les r&#233;centes l&#233;gislations europ&#233;ennes (pays d'origine &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;, pays tiers &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;, r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;) -&#224; ancrer dans l'imaginaire collectif la n&#233;cessit&#233; de syst&#233;matiser les expulsions dangereuses, au nom de pr&#233;tendus imp&#233;ratifs s&#233;curitaires. Elle constitue par ailleurs une ing&#233;rence politique dans l'interpr&#233;tation de la Convention-EDH, illustrant une tendance europ&#233;enne de remise en cause de la l&#233;gitimit&#233; du pouvoir judiciaire&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Jo&#235;l Andriantsimbazovina, &#171; Pressions politiques sur la Cour (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, accus&#233; par plusieurs gouvernements de droite et d'extr&#234;me droite de favoriser des positions progressistes en mati&#232;re de migration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc19&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_13&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entr&#233;e en application du Pacte migration et asile&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mediapart, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/120626/pacte-sur-la-migration-et-l-asile-pour-l-union-europeenne-le-jour-de-la-honte&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Pacte sur la migration et l'asile : pour l'Union europ&#233;enne, le jour de la honte&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 12 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 12 juin, le Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile est entr&#233; en application. Il constitue une r&#233;forme globale de la politique europ&#233;enne en la mati&#232;re, en introduisant des changements profonds aux fronti&#232;res de l'UE.Il instaure de nouvelles proc&#233;dures de filtrage pour toute personne se pr&#233;sentant aux fronti&#232;res ext&#233;rieures de l'UE.&#192; l'issue de ce filtrage, certaines personnes peuvent &#234;tre soumises &#224; des proc&#233;dures d'asile frontali&#232;res acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;es, d&#233;bouchant en cas de rejet sur une expulsion. Durant toutes ces phases, les personnes sont priv&#233;es de libert&#233;, probablement dans des lieux isol&#233;s, difficilement accessibles aux avocat&#183;es, m&#233;decins, journalistes et organisations de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile. Elles sont aussi maintenues dans une &#171; fiction de non-entr&#233;e &#187; juridique : physiquement pr&#233;sentes sur le sol europ&#233;en, elles sont l&#233;galement consid&#233;r&#233;es comme n'y &#233;tant pas entr&#233;es. Cela permet aux &#201;tats de les expulser plus facilement, ouvrant la voie &#224; des standards d&#233;grad&#233;s en mati&#232;re de droits fondamentaux.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La privation de libert&#233; s'impose donc comme la norme, et l'acc&#232;s &#224; l'asile - comme&#224; un recours effectif - est drastiquement restreint. En effet, davantage de personnes seront plac&#233;es en proc&#233;dure acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;e, en partant du principe qu'elles n'ont a priori pas besoin de protection : celles provenant de pays o&#249; le taux de reconnaissance des demandes d'asile dans l'UE est inf&#233;rieur &#224; 20 %, celles provenant de pays d'origine dits &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;, et celles suspect&#233;es de constituer une &#171; menace &#224; l'ordre public &#187;, une notion floue et non d&#233;finie. Par ailleurs, si les personnes vis&#233;es par une d&#233;cision d'expulsion font un recours contre cette d&#233;cision, celui-ci ne sera pas suspensif, et le Pacte autorise l'expulsion avant m&#234;me qu'une d&#233;cision d&#233;finitive ne soit prise.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En sommes, ce Pacte syst&#233;matise &#224; l'&#233;chelle europ&#233;enne l'enfermement, le fichage, le tri et l'expulsion des personnes migrantes aux fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc18&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_14&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Adoption d&#233;finitive du r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;RFI, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/en-bref/20260617-migration-le-parlement-europ%C3%A9en-adopte-la-r%C3%A9forme-pr%C3%A9voyant-des-hubs-de-retour&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Migration : le Parlement europ&#233;en adopte la r&#233;forme pr&#233;voyant des &#171; hubs de re&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;to&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ur &#187;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 17 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/video/2026/06/17/renvoyez-les-scandent-des-elus-d-extreme-droite-au-parlement-europeen_6704287_823448.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=7&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#171; Renvoyez-les ! &#187;, scandent des &#233;lus d'extr&#234;me droite au Parlement europ&#233;en&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, le 17 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 17 juin, le Parlement europ&#233;en a adopt&#233; d&#233;finitivement le r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;, sous les applaudissements et les cris racistesdes d&#233;put&#233;&#183;es de droite et d'extr&#234;me droite scand&#233;s dans l'h&#233;micycle &#171; &lt;i&gt; Send them back ! &lt;/i&gt; &#187; (&#171; Renvoyez-les ! &#187;). Le texte pr&#233;voit une architecture massive de d&#233;tention (allant jusqu'&#224; deux ans, avec possibilit&#233; de prolongement ind&#233;fini en cas de menace pour la s&#233;curit&#233; publique), la conversion de pays tiers en &#171; &lt;i&gt; return hubs&lt;/i&gt; &#187; (plateformes d'expulsion), vers lesquels les migrant&#183;es pourront &#234;tre expuls&#233;&#183;es m&#234;me s'ils ou elles n'ont aucun lien avec ces pays&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Une coalition de cinq &#201;tats membres a d&#233;j&#224; entam&#233; des n&#233;gociations avec des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, ainsi que des mesures &#171; d'enqu&#234;te &#187; autorisant des rafles &#224; domicile et dans les espaces publics, la saisie d'appareils &#233;lectroniques et l'obligation de fournir des donn&#233;es biom&#233;triques aux autorit&#233;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les mesures pr&#233;vues franchissent une ligne rouge en instaurant un r&#233;gime de surveillance &#233;tendue au sein de l'UE : les personnes migrantes d&#233;pourvues de droit au s&#233;jour feront l'objet d'une v&#233;ritable chasse &#224; l'homme et seront expuls&#233;es vers des pays notoirement non s&#251;rs (les gouvernements europ&#233;ens envisagent actuellement des expulsions vers le Rwanda, l'Ouganda, la Libye, l'&#201;gypte...&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Human Rights Watch, &#171; Dangerous EU Momentum Towards Offshore (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-30&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;). Ce r&#232;glement institutionnalise ainsi la violation des droits fondamentaux et du droit international : il entra&#238;nera des atteintes au principe de non-refoulement, bafouera le droit &#224; la vie priv&#233;e et familiale, et exposera les personnes exil&#233;es &#224; des traitements inhumains et d&#233;gradants&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-31&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour aller plus loin, voir notamment Migreurop, &#171; Adoption du r&#232;glement (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-31&#034;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc20&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_15&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Une d&#233;l&#233;gation de Talibans &#224; Bruxelles&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/72051/rencontre-inedite-entre-lue-et-des-responsables-talibans-pour-discuter-du-renvoi-des-afghans-vers-leur-pays-dorigine&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Rencontre in&#233;dite entre l'UE et des responsables talibans pour discuter du renvoi des Afghans vers leur pays d'origine&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 24 juin 2026 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.com/fr/news/les-talibans-profitent-de-leur-visite-a-bruxelles-pour-demander-un-acces-consulaire-en-europe/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Les talibans profitent de leur visite &#224; Bruxelles pour demander un acc&#232;s consulaire en Europe&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187; , le 23 juin 2026 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 23 juin, des membres de la Commission europ&#233;enne ont rencontr&#233; une d&#233;l&#233;gation de Talibans afin de poursuivre les n&#233;gociations sur le renvoi forc&#233; des ressortissant&#183;es afghan&#183;es d&#233;pourvu&#183;es du droit au s&#233;jour en UE. En &#233;change de leur coop&#233;ration pour ces expulsions, les Talibans ont demand&#233; le r&#233;tablissement des services consulaires destin&#233;s aux Afghan&#183;es dans toute l'Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Une fois encore, l'obsession anti-immigration de l'UE conduit &#224; la normalisation des relations avec un r&#233;gime liberticide, dans le but d'expulser &#224; tout prix&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-32&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Les accords avec la Libye oula Turquie en sont d'autres exemples.&#034; id=&#034;nh2-32&#034;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le r&#233;tablissement des services consulaires &#233;tant une condition fondamentale pos&#233;e par les Talibans, le r&#233;sultat final de ces n&#233;gociations risque d'&#234;tre une l&#233;gitimation de facto du r&#233;gime afghan, qui a mis en place un apartheid de genre&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-33&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour en savoir plus, voir Human Rights Watch, &#171; Gender Apartheid as an (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-33&#034;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; et qui est responsable de la violation syst&#233;matique des droits humains en Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-34&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International &#171; Afghanistan : la situation des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-34&#034;&gt;34&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En normalisant ses relations avec les Talibans, l'Union europ&#233;enne &#233;rode ses propres standards en mati&#232;re de droits fondamentaux, en repoussant toujours plus loin les limites de ce qui est consid&#233;r&#233; comme &#171; acceptable &#187;. Si ces n&#233;gociations aboutissent, les ressortissant&#183;es afghan&#183;es concern&#233;&#183;es risquent d'&#234;tre expuls&#233;&#183;es vers la torture et la mort.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6094 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;31&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/draft_revue_de_presse_mai-juin_2026_.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 293.1 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/visuel_rp-3-d234e.png?1783662833' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Revue de presse mai/juin 2026
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet la fiche d'information d'EuroMed Droits, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/egypt-infosheet-fr.pdf&#034;&gt; S&#251;r sur le papier, dangereux dans la r&#233;alit&#233; : l'&#201;gypte et la politique de retour de l'UE &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir HCDH, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2026/03/egypt-un-experts-raise-alarm-over-violations-against-refugees-and-migrants&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Egypt : UN experts raise alarm over violations against refugees and migrants &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 6 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;14 personnes, dont E Hishri,font actuellement l'objet de mandats d'arrestation internationaux dans le cadre de cette enqu&#234;te. Certaines d'entre elles sont d&#233;c&#233;d&#233;es, d'autres sont en fuite.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2017/12/libya-european-governments-complicit-in-horrific-abuse-of-refugees-and-migrants/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Libye. Les gouvernements europ&#233;ens se rendent complices des violations des droits humains des r&#233;fugi&#233;s et des migrants&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 12 d&#233;cembre 2017&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour en savoir plus, voir le communiqu&#233; de Refugees in Libya, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.refugeesinlibya.org/post/civil-society-statement-detention-crimes-in-libya-finally-before-the-icc-judges-to-decide-whether&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Civil society statement : Detentioncrimes in Libya finally before the ICC : Judges to decide whether El Hishri case moves to trial&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 11 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ce refus de coop&#233;rer avec la Cour a valu &#224; l'Italie deux plaintes devant la Cour europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme. Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71639/litalie-visee-par-deux-plaintes-aupres-de-la-cedh-pour-avoir-libere-le-tortionnaire-de-migrants-libyen-osama-almasri-najim&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'Italie vis&#233;e par deux plaintes aupr&#232;s de la CEDH pour avoir lib&#233;r&#233; le tortionnaire de migrants libyen Osama Almasri Najim&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 1 juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Almasri a r&#233;cemment &#233;t&#233; condamn&#233; par un tribunal de Tripoli &#224; 7 ans et 4 mois d'emprisonnement, tout en faisant toujours l'objet d'un mandat d'arr&#234;t de la CPI. La Libye, non signataire du Statut de Rome (trait&#233; fondateur de la CPI), n'est pas tenue de le remettre &#224; la Cour. Voir &#224; ce sujet Il Post, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/06/21/almasri-condannato-libia-tortura-migranti/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Il generale Almasri &#232; stato condannato in Libia a 7 anni e 4 mesi per le violenze ai danni di alcune persone migranti &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 21 juin 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet les informations relatives &#224; la Libye sur Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3565.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt; Les &#201;tats du Maghreb et de l'Union europ&#233;enne coupables de violations syst&#233;matiques du droit international et de crimes contre l'humanit&#233;&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 7 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Refugees in Libya, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;file:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/Book of Shame 2025 Vol. I. .pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034;&gt;Book of Shame. How UNHCR Fails to Protect Refugees in Libya, Tunisia, and Niger&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/fiche_pays_ceuta_0624_ok_def.pdf&#034;&gt; Fiche CEUTA&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Isaline Roverato, 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/cp_migreurop_rwanda_jun_22_-_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;Arrangement Royaume-Uni/Rwanda : externaliser l'asile en Afrique, arme de dissuasion massive en Europe &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 20 juin 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68792/autriche--le-regroupement-familial-suspendu-pour-six-mois-supplementaires&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Autriche : le regroupement familial suspendu pour six mois suppl&#233;mentaires&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 12 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Amnesty International Austriche, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.at/presse/nationalrat-beschliesst-quotensystem-bei-familienzusammenfuehrung-amnesty-warnt-vor-verstoss-gegen-menschenrechte/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Nationalrat beschlie&#223;t Quotensystem bei Familienzusammenf&#252;hrung : Amnesty warnt vor Versto&#223; gegen Menschenrechte&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 19 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Cyprus Mail, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://cyprus-mail.com/2026/05/27/migrant-dies-following-balcony-jump-during-immigration-raid&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrant dies following balcony jump during immigration raid &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 27 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Cyprus Mail, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/03/19/unhcr-expresses-concern-over-alleged-pushback-of-syrian-refugees&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;UNHCR expresses concern over alleged pushback of Syrian refugees&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 19 mars 2025 et InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/bn/post/60432/chypre-condamnee-par-la-cedh-pour-le-refoulement-en-mer-de-deux-syriens&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Chypre condamn&#233;e par la CEDH pour le refoulement en mer de deux Syriens&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 9 octobre 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voirci-dessous&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet The New Arab, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.newarab.com/news/eyeing-migrant-returns-eu-moves-bolster-syria-ties&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Eyeing migrant returns, EU moves to bolster Syria ties &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 12 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.internazionale.it/notizie/annalisa-camilli/2024/10/18/tribunale-di-roma-migranti-albania&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Il tribunale di Roma non convalida il trattenimento dei migranti in Albania &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 18 octobre 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet SkyTG24, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://tg24.sky.it/cronaca/2025/06/09/centri-migranti-albania-come-funzionano-costi&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Come funzionano i centri per migranti in Albania&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 9 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir Fanpage, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.fanpage.it/politica/perche-con-il-nuovo-regolamento-ue-il-governo-meloni-puo-sbloccare-i-centri-in-albania/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Perch&#233; con il nuovo regolamento UE Meloni puo sbloccare i centri in Albania&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 10 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Coalizione italiana libert&#224; e diritti civili (CILD), &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://cild.eu/blog/2025/12/10/il-protocollo-italia-albania-alla-corte-di-giustizia-ue/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Il Protocollo Italia-Albania alla Corte di Giustizia UE &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 10 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment F&#233;d&#233;ration Internationale pour les Droits Humains, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.fidh.org/fr/regions/europe-asie-centrale/irlande/irlande-du-nord-les-violences-et-intimidations-racistes-doivent&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Irlande du Nord : les violences et intimidations racistes doivent cesser&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 11 juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Nikolas Feith Tan, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/0ECC0E27C5A586A214BB3D846CCA9788/9781316517840c10_252-271.pdf/community-sponsorship-of-refugees-and-local-governance.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Community Sponsorship of Refugees and Local Governance &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, dans{}&lt;i&gt;Theorizing Local Migration Law and Governance&lt;/i&gt;, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2022, p. 252-271&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibidem, p. 258.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet le court documentaire de MSF Frontlines, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KqOv3ssnHc&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;One in, one out : des milliers de vies en p&#233;ril&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 21 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Sur ce point, voir PICUM, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://picum.org/blog/migrant-smuggling-why-we-need-a-paradigm-shift/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrant smuggling : why we need a paradigm shift &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 18 juillet 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.ch/fr/pays/suisse/pas-de-suisse-a-10-millions&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Initiative &#171; Pas de Suisse &#224; 10&#8239;millions &#187;. Une attaque frontale contre la protection des droits humains&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 7 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Jo&#235;l Andriantsimbazovina, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.leclubdesjuristes.com/international/pressions-politiques-sur-la-cour-europeenne-des-droits-de-lhomme-11031/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Pressions politiques sur la Cour europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le club des juristes, 12 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Une coalition de cinq &#201;tats membres a d&#233;j&#224; entam&#233; des n&#233;gociations avec des pays tiers en vue d'&#233;tablir des &lt;i&gt;return hu&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;s&lt;/i&gt;. Voir Euractiv, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euractiv.com/news/eu-return-hub-backers-eye-partner-countries-reveal-by-autumn-says-dutch-minister/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; EU return-hubs revealed by autumn, says Dutch minister&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 5 juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-30&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-30&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/06/26/dangerous-eu-momentum-towards-offshore-deportation-centers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Dangerous EU Momentum Towards Offshore Deportation Centers&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 26 juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-31&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-31&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-31&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour aller plus loin, voir notamment Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3560.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Adoption du r&#232;glement europ&#233;en &#171; retour &#187; : la mise &#224; mort du droit international&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 26 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-32&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-32&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-32&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Les accords avec la Libye oula Turquie en sont d'autres exemples.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-33&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-33&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-33&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour en savoir plus, voir Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/news/2025/09/02/gender-apartheid-as-an-international-crime&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Gender Apartheid as an International Crime. Taliban Oppression in Afghanistan Triggers Campaign &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 2 septembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-34&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-34&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-34&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;34&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/location/asia-and-the-pacific/south-asia/afghanistan/report-afghanistan/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Afghanistan : la situation des droits humains 2025 &#187;, 2026&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press review April 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3589.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3589.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-05-11T09:26:18Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Afghanistan</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Belgium</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Algeria</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Greece</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Albania</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pays-Bas</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pologne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Detention</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation of borders</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pays s&#251;rs</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Forced returns</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Revolts and mobilisations</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Monitoring and control </dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Tunisia Business News, Taking the streets to break the silence: citizen mobilisation against racism in Tunis, 11 April 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Following a citizens' petition launched on 7 April and shared on social media, a solidarity march against racism took place in Tunis on Saturday 11 April. Slogans were chanted to denounce racist online discourse, discriminatory remarks by certain Tunisian MPs, and the crackdown on migrants and human rights defenders in Tunisia. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Racism against migrants from (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot189.html" rel="tag"&gt;Afghanistan&lt;/a&gt;, 
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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot22.html" rel="tag"&gt;Belgium&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot64.html" rel="tag"&gt;Algeria&lt;/a&gt;, 
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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot47.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pologne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot21.html" rel="tag"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Detention&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation of borders&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot214.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pays s&#251;rs&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Forced returns&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot175.html" rel="tag"&gt;Revolts and mobilisations&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Monitoring and control &lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/16-2-c6781.png?1778491587' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisia&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Judgement of the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Judgement of the Permanent (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Belgium&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Belgium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Belgium/Algeria&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Belgium/Algeria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Greece&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italy&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italy/Albania&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Italy/Albania&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Netherlands&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Netherlands&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Poland&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Poland&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom/France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;United Kingdom/France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Negotiations between the EU and the Taliban&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;Negotiations between the (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Business News, &lt;a href=&#034;https://businessnews.com.tn/2026/04/11/la-rue-pour-briser-le-silence-mobilisation-citoyenne-contre-le-racisme-a-tunis/1396088/#https://businessnews.com.tn/2026/04/11/la-rue-pour-briser-le-silence-mobilisation-citoyenne-contre-le-racisme-a-tunis/1396088/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Taking the streets to break the silence: citizen &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;mobilisation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; against racism in Tunis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 11 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Following a &lt;a href=&#034;https://tunisiansolidarity.org/en/racisme/#https://tunisiansolidarity.org/en/racisme/#&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;citizens' petition&lt;/a&gt; launched on 7 April and shared on social media, a solidarity march against racism took place in Tunis on Saturday 11 April. Slogans were chanted to denounce racist online discourse, discriminatory remarks by certain Tunisian MPs, and the crackdown on migrants and human rights defenders in Tunisia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Racism against migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and Black Tunisians is intensifying in the country. Disinformation and hate campaigns orchestrated by Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed's government, arbitrary arrests and prosecutions based on false accusations against anti-racist activists&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop, &#8220;Press Review: March 2026&#8221;, 8 April 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh3-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, as well as growing pressure on civil society organisations showing solidarity, are shaping the reality in Tunisia today. This situation is partly a result of the role of &#8216;border guard' that Tunisia has assumed on behalf of Italy and the European Union, particularly since 2023, under the &lt;a href=&#034;https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/pt/ip_23_3887#https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/pt/ip_23_3887&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;EU-Tunisia Memorandum of Understanding&lt;/a&gt;, which is strongly supported by the Italian government and aims to deter and hinder departures to Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Despite this widespread repression, citizen mobilisation demonstrates that civil society is not wavering andcontinues to resist and mobilise in defence of human rights, the violations of which place responsibility on the EU and its externalisation policies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Judgement of the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lebrief.ma, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lebrief.ma/tribunal-permanent-des-peuples-les-etats-du-maghreb-et-lunion-europeenne-responsables-de-violations-systematiques-des-droits-des-migrants-100147142/#https://www.lebrief.ma/tribunal-permanent-des-peuples-les-etats-du-maghreb-et-lunion-europeenne-responsables-de-violations-systematiques-des-droits-des-migrants-100147142/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Permanent Peoples' Tribunal: Maghreb states and the European Union responsible for systematic violations of migrants'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;rights&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 6 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 31 March in Rabat, the jury of the56thsession of the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal (PPT) delivered its &lt;a href=&#034;https://permanentpeoplestribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/TPP_Migrazione_Maghreb_Sentenza_FR_30-marzo-2026.pdf#https://permanentpeoplestribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/TPP_Migrazione_Maghreb_Sentenza_FR_30-marzo-2026.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;final judgement&lt;/a&gt;. Following an indictment drafted by a coalition of civil society organisations, the PPT found the Maghreb states, the EU and several of its member states guilty of systematic and systemic violations of international law (failure to provide assistance to persons in danger, arbitrary detention, torture, refoulement, racial discrimination and human rights violations). During the hearings held in October 2025 in Palermo (Italy), evidence was presented regarding the existence in Libya of a system of refoulement, detention, trafficking and exploitation; refoulement, abandonment in the desert and racist violence in Tunisia; a continuum of violence ranging from arbitrary detention in Libya to the criminalisationof migrants and their supporters in Europe; relentless attacks on civilian sea rescue operations... The EU and its Member States have been deemed complicit in these human rights violations for having financed and encouraged these crimes, notably through their border externalisation policies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Beyond the states' violations of international law, the TPP also mentions the possible classification of these acts as crimes against humanity, insofar as the documented facts result from deliberate choices made by individuals and acts carried out in full awareness.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This judgement, which has no legally binding force, nevertheless represents a symbolic step forward in securing recognition, by a citizens' court, of the crimes committed against migrants. It is a first step towards mobilising public opinion and breaking down the barriers of silence, hatred and marginalisation surrounding migration issues&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop, &#8220;Maghreb and European Union states guilty of systematic (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Belgium&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;RTL info, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rtl.be/actu/belgique/politique/il-ne-peut-plus-sagir-dun-sujet-tabou-le-gouvernement-donne-son-feu-vert-une/2026-04-03/article/784710#https://www.rtl.be/actu/belgique/politique/il-ne-peut-plus-sagir-dun-sujet-tabou-le-gouvernement-donne-son-feu-vert-une/2026-04-03/article/784710&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&#8216;This can no longer be a taboo subject': government gives green light to controversial measure&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 3 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Belgian government has approved, at second reading, the draft bill authorising &#8220;home visits&#8221; (2025), which would allow the police, with a judge's authorisation, to carry out searches at the home of a person without a residence permit who is deemed to pose &#8220;a threat to public order or national security&#8221;, with the aim of arresting and deporting them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The proposal raises serious concerns regarding fundamental rights, such as the right to respect for private and family life (Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights), as well as the principle of the inviolability of the home (Article 15 of the Belgian Constitution). These rights are threatened by the undefined concept of &#8216;danger to public order', which opens the door to arbitrariness. Furthermore, no legal remedy is provided for challengingthe legality of the &#8216;visit', which violates the right to an effective remedy&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Myria, &#8220;Law on home visits: vague conditions and few (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Several civil society organisations and public institutions denounced the draft law as soon as it was tabled last year, considering it to be inconsistent with the criteria of necessity and proportionality&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid.&#034; id=&#034;nh3-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . If approved by Parliament, it would constitute a further step in the construction of a surveillance regime for migrants that European governments are attempting to establish in Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Migreurop, &#8220;Press review February 2026&#8221;, 10 March 2026, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Belgium/Algeria&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70707/la-belgique-conclut-un-accord-avec-lalgerie-pour-accelerer-les-expulsions-dalgeriens-en-situation-irreguliere#https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70707/la-belgique-conclut-un-accord-avec-lalgerie-pour-accelerer-les-expulsions-dalgeriens-en-situation-irreguliere&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Belgium concludes an agreement with Algeria to speed up the deportation of irregular Algerian&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; migrants&#8221;, 2 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Belgium and Algeria have concluded an agreement on the deportation of Algerian nationals. The agreement, which still requires approval by the Belgian Parliament, stipulates that Algeria undertakes to identify its nationals subject to a deportation order within 15 days, as well as to accept the possibility of organising their group deportation on dedicated flights, with the participation of Algerian escorts. However, the legality of group deportations of people of the same nationality is questionable in light of human rights legislation (the European Convention on Human Rights, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union) which prohibits collective deportations. In return, Belgium grants visa-free access to its territory to holders of Algerian diplomatic passports.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is yet another example of agreements - whether formal or informal - concluded with the aim of speeding up the deportation of foreign nationals from Europe in exchange for financial, commercial or political benefits. It amounts to a diplomacy of deportation, in defiance of fundamental rights.Many voices are therefore speaking out to denounce a systematic violation of rights in Algeria: the shrinking of civil society space , severe repression of freedom of expression, infringements on the right to peaceful assembly and association, andallegations of torture and other ill-treatment are some examples of this&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Amnesty International, &#8220;The State of Human Rights in the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Furthermore, severe penalties are provided for in cases of &#8216;illegal' departure from or assistance with departure from Algerian territory, carrying a sentence of up to five years' imprisonment&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid&#034; id=&#034;nh3-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , which is contrary to international law (Art. 12(2) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: &#8216;Everyone shall be free to leave any country, including his own').&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Greece&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c86vpq42dl0o#https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c86vpq42dl0o&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;en&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Greek police using masked migrants to forcibly push other migrants back across&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; border&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 14 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;New evidence has been gathered regarding the recruitment, by the Greek authorities, of migrants to push other migrants back at the border with Turkey (Evros River region). In return, they are reportedly given money, as well as administrative documents allowing them to remain in Greece for 25 days.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This practice is not new and has been documented by several organisations and investigations since at least 2020&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Lighthouse Reports, &#8220;We were slaves&#8221;, 28 June 2022; or (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The recruitment of migrants as &#8220;mercenaries&#8221; is reportedly carried out under duress, after they have crossed the border between Turkey and Greece. Wearing masks, these individuals are reportedly tasked with carrying out pushbacks and committing other acts of violence, such as forced stripping, beatings and theft of personal belongings. In exchange for documents allowing them to remain in European territory for a time. A form of exploitation of migrantsfor the &#8216;control' of borders, onto whom the Greek and European authorities are attempting to shift responsibility for violent practices that violate human rights. In a familiar exercise in denial, both Greece and Frontex claim to have no knowledge of these events.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il Post, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/04/23/cosa-sono-rimpatri-volontari-assistiti-patrocinio-gratuito-migranti-decreto-sicurezza/?utm_campaign=leggi_anche&amp;utm_medium=leggi_anche&amp;utm_source=ilpost#https://www.ilpost.it/2026/04/23/cosa-sono-rimpatri-volontari-assistiti-patrocinio-gratuito-migranti-decreto-sicurezza/?utm_campaign=leggi_anche&amp;utm_medium=leggi_anche&amp;utm_source=ilpost&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;A better understanding of the two migrant issues that have been in the news for&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; days&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 23 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il Post&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/04/24/governo-decreto-sicurezza-modifica-incentivi-rimpatri/#https://www.ilpost.it/2026/04/24/governo-decreto-sicurezza-modifica-incentivi-rimpatri/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;The government has patched up the rule on voluntary&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; repatriation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 24 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 24 April, the Italian government approved a bill aimed at amending a migration-related measure contained in the &#8220;security decree&#8221;, which was adopted by Parliament on the same day. The measure provided for the payment of a &#8364;615 bonus to lawyers handling so-called &#8220;voluntary&#8221; return procedures in the event that the return was successful, but it had been blocked by the President of the Republic on grounds of unconstitutionality. Under this hastily introduced amendment, the bonus will now be paid to lawyers and other parties involved in the implementation of &#8220;voluntary returns&#8221;, regardless of the outcome. The bill still needs to be approved by the Italian Parliament.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A second measure, which came into force as part of the adopted &#8220;security decree&#8221;, removes the automatic provision of legal aid for migrants challenging deportation proceedings. They will now have to prove that they meet the means-testing criteria by providing documents (notably a consular certificate) that are often very difficult to obtain within the time limits set by law.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the name of an &#8216;urgency' to deport people more quickly and efficiently, Italy is undermining its obligations to guarantee rights by attempting to undermine the independence and autonomy of lawyers, and by introducing administrative constraints that make access to legal aid virtually impossible for certain migrant individuals. Although the initial version of the first measure was not adopted, recent developments point to a growing and serious threat to migrants' right to a defence, which should nevertheless be &#8220;full, free and effectively accessible&#8221;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the press release from the National Association of Italian (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italy/Albania&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Politico, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/italy-migrant-detention-hubs-albania-not-against-eu-law-says-top-eu-court-adviser/#https://www.politico.eu/article/italy-migrant-detention-hubs-albania-not-against-eu-law-says-top-eu-court-adviser/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Italy's migrant detention hubs in Albania not against EU law, says top EU court adviser&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 23 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;An Advocate General at the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has ruled that the Italy-Albania Memorandum of Understanding (2023)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further information, see the Migreurop press release, &#8220;Italy-Albania (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; is, in principle, in line with European law. The agreement would not prevent Member States from setting up detention camps outside their territory for the purposes of expulsion procedures and/or the processing of asylum applications, provided that the third country concerned complies with EU law and respects the rights of migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is a non-binding opinion, yet it contributes to the political legitimisation of the latest iteration of the European externalisation policy, initiated by Italy, and which has inspired new European regulations (see the 2026 &#8216;Return' Regulation).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In this regard, the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights noted in 2023 that &#8220;the possibility of lodging an asylum application and having it examined on the territory of Member States remains an indispensable component of a reliable system that respects human rights&#8221;, adding that &#8220;the Memorandum of Understanding creates an ad hoc extraterritorial asylum regime, characterised by numerous legal ambiguities&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the statement by the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . We must now await the final decision of the CJEU.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Netherlands&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;DutchNews&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.dutchnews.nl/2026/04/senate-rejects-law-to-criminalise-living-in-nl-without-papers/#https://www.dutchnews.nl/2026/04/senate-rejects-law-to-criminalise-living-in-nl-without-papers/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Senate rejects bill to &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;criminalise&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; living in the Netherlands without&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; papers&#8221;, 21 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/61881/les-paysbas-adoptent-le-double-statut-pour-les-demandeurs-dasile#https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/61881/les-paysbas-adoptent-le-double-statut-pour-les-demandeurs-dasile&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;The Netherlands adopts dual status for asylum&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; seekers&#8221;, 23 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 21 April, the Senate rejected a bill aimed at criminalising so-called &#8216;irregular' residence, which would have led to an increased risk of social exclusion for migrants, as well as exposing those providing humanitarian aid &#8211; particularly by supplying food, shelter or any other form of support &#8211; to legal risks.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This rejection follows a widespread mobilisation of Dutch civil society. Around 120 organisations joined the &lt;i&gt;&#8220;Stop de &lt;/i&gt;asielwetten&#8221; (Stop the asylum laws) campaign, highlighting the potential negative effects of the law on effective access to fundamental rights such as education, healthcare and legal aid, which must be guaranteed regardless of a person's administrative status. Municipalities, including Amsterdam, also voiced their opposition, demonstrating that the local level can act as a counterweight to the state.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, this victory was described as &#8220;bittersweet&#8221; by the campaign coalition&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Stop de Asielwetten, &#8220;A bittersweet victory: (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , as the Senate approved a &#8220;dual status&#8221; system for migrant asylum seekers, which will grant different rights to those fleeing individual persecution &#8211; who would benefit from so-called &#8220;full&#8221; protection as refugees &#8211; and those fleeing wars or natural disasters, who would have limited rights, particularly regarding family reunification. This distinction already exists in many European countries (refugee status and subsidiary protection). Its introduction in the Netherlands, where until now the rights of both categories of asylum seekers were the same, is raising concerns within civil society regarding respect for human dignity. The coalition therefore says it is ready to continue its fight against the Dutch government's repressive migration policies. A struggle that appears increasingly urgent in the current European context, dominated by racist ideologies and legislation that infringes upon the rights of migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Poland&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70764/baisse-des-passages-a-la-frontiere-entre-pologne-et-bielorussie--les-itineraires-dangereux-seront-plus-frequentes#https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70764/baisse-des-passages-a-la-frontiere-entre-pologne-et-bielorussie--les-itineraires-dangereux-seront-plus-frequentes&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Drop in crossings at the Poland-Belarus border: &#8216;Dangerous routes will be used more frequently'&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 10 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Polish government recently reported a sharp decline in attempts to cross the border between Poland and Belarus over the past four years, which it attributes to the increased militarisation of the border and the temporary suspension of the registration of asylum applications. Organisations assisting refugees warn that, in reality, these policies have merely forced refugees to cross the border via underground tunnels under extremely dangerous conditions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Poland &#8211; like other European countries, citing a rise in asylum applications and arrivals on their territory &#8211; has decided to suspend the registration of asylum applications at its borders in 2024. This breach of its international obligations was carried out with the EU's approval, which allows for the restriction of asylum applications under so-called &#8216;exceptional' circumstances, particularly for Member States facing a &#8216;crisis situation', a &#8216;mass influx' or the &#8216;exploitation of migration flows'. Since 2021, Warsaw has accused Minsk of coordinating with Moscow to facilitate the arrival of migrants in order to &#8220;destabilise&#8221; the EU's territory&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;The suspension of the right to asylum was subsequently extended four times (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Among the consequences of this suspension are the 14,754 illegal pushbacks to Belarus carried out by the Polish authorities between January and December 2025, which violated the rights of those affected and exposed them to inhuman and degrading conditions&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the joint report &#8220;Beaten back at Europe's borders &#8211; 2025 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . However, the increase in border crossings via tunnels and other alternative routes demonstrates once again that repressive and security-focused migration policies do not put an end to migration flows: they make the journeys more dangerous and longer, and force migrants to turn to facilitators who have become necessary in the context of closed borders&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;According to the report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom/France&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/04/23/nouvel-accord-franco-britannique-pour-endiguer-les-traversees-de-migrants-en-manche_6682464_3210.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=2#https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/04/23/nouvel-accord-franco-britannique-pour-endiguer-les-traversees-de-migrants-en-manche_6682464_3210.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=2&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;New Franco-British agreement to stem migrant crossings of the English Channel&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 23 April 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;France and the United Kingdom have reached an agreement to extend the cooperation agreement aimed at preventing so-called &#8220;irregular&#8221; crossings of the English Channel (&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/IMG/pdf/accord_france-royaumeuni_2018.pdf#https://www.gisti.org/IMG/pdf/accord_france-royaumeuni_2018.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Sandhurst Treaty&lt;/a&gt;, 2018)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;The Sandhurst Treaty provides that the United Kingdom shall fund part of the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The United Kingdom will provide funding of up to &#8364;766 million over three years, including a &#8220;flexible component&#8221; (&#8364;186 million), conditional on the effectiveness of measures taken to &#8220;prevent attempted crossings&#8221;. This decision comes after months of tension, during which the UK had insisted that France increase at-sea interceptions of &lt;i&gt;&#8220;small &lt;/i&gt;boats&#8221; (small vessels used for Channel crossings), failing which it would not have renewed its funding&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject InfoMigrants, &#8220;Crossings of the English Channel: London (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;France had initially opposed this, with the Secretary of State for the Sea, Xavier Ducept, emphasising that the interception practices demanded by the UK risked violating international law and &#8220;endangering the lives of migrants and French officers&#8221;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid.&#034; id=&#034;nh3-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Indeed, interceptions by French law enforcement agencies to return migrantsto the French coast (&lt;i&gt;pullback&lt;/i&gt;) &#8211; on behalf of the United Kingdom &#8211; constitute a form of refoulement, a practice contrary to international law and an infringement of the right to asylum.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, numerous violent &lt;i&gt;pushbacks &lt;/i&gt;have already been documented in connection with the UK-funded French &#8216;surveillance' operations in the English Channel&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See The Guardian, &#8220;Revealed: UK-funded French forces putting migrants' lives (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Furthermore, police operations carried out against migrants on the French coast, with the aim of preventing departures to the UK (violent dismantling of camps, use of tear gas, seizure of personal belongings, physical assaults), constantly endanger the safety, rights and lives of migrants&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the report by the Human Rights Network, &#8220;You can't stay but you can't go (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . France is therefore setting aside its &#8216;concerns' regarding the lives of migrants and respect for the law in favour of a deadly cooperation&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See InfoMigrants, &#8220;Tighter police controls make crossing the Channel more (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; that has gone from strength to strength over the last twenty years (the Le Touquet agreements, the &#8216;One In, One Out' agreement).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Negotiations between the EU and the Taliban&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/exclusif-bruxelles-devrait-accueillir-les-talibans-pour-des-discussions-sur-les-expulsions-dafghans/#https://euractiv.fr/news/exclusif-bruxelles-devrait-accueillir-les-talibans-pour-des-discussions-sur-les-expulsions-dafghans/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Brussels set to host the Taliban for talks on the deportation of Afghans&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 21 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The European Union is preparing to host a Taliban delegation to continue discussions on the deportation of Afghan nationals from European territory (January 2026)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Euractiv, &#8220;Migration: European Commission announces that (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , particularly regarding the cooperation of the Afghan authorities in the process of identification and the issuance of travel documents.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These talks take place against a backdrop of growing pressure from Member State governments to establish a European mechanism to coordinate the deportation of Afghans without the right to reside or who have been convicted by the courts. In October 2025, 20 Member States, at Belgium's initiative, had asked the European Commission to establish this mechanism, and in February 2026 Germany became the first European country, since the Taliban took power (2021), to carry out a direct deportation to Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also InfoMigrants, &#8220;Germany deports 20 Afghan criminals to Kabul&#8221;, 27 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Whilst the EU had hitherto hidden behind the fiction of &#8216;safe countries of origin or third countries' to carry out deportations of migrants, it is now taking a further step with the proposed &#8216;return' regulation, which provides for deportations to any third country that has concluded a formal or informal agreement with a Member State or with the Union. However, the compromise text adopted by the European Parliament on 26 March 2026 further stipulates that&#8220;any communication [&lt;i&gt;with third countries for the purposes of readmission&lt;/i&gt;] shall in no way prejudice the Union's position on the status of the territories or entities concerned and shall not be considered as recognition, support or validation of their authority or legitimacy &#8221; (Art. 37). Presented under a supposedly &#8220;technical&#8221; guise, these discussions with the Taliban, whose regime the EU itself acknowledges has led to a &#8220;significant deterioration (&#8230;) in human rights for the Afghan population&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the European Council's factsheet on Afghanistan&#034; id=&#034;nh3-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , could lead to the institutionalisation of the violation of the principle of non-refoulement and expose the individuals concerned to torture, inhuman and degrading treatment, arbitrary executions, and other serious human rights violations in Afghanistan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6042 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;25&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/press_review_april_2026.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 574.4 KiB' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/16-2-01222.png?1778491587' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Press review April 2026
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3571.html?lang_article=fr#https://migreurop.org/article3571.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;&#8220;Press Review: March 2026&#8221;&lt;/a&gt;, 8 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3565.html?lang_article=fr#https://migreurop.org/article3565.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;&#8220;Maghreb and European Union states guilty of systematic violations of international law and crimes against&lt;/a&gt; humanity&#8221;, 7 April 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Myria, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.myria.be/fr/publications/loi-sur-les-visites-domiciliaires-des-conditions-vagues-et-peu-de-garanties#https://www.myria.be/fr/publications/loi-sur-les-visites-domiciliaires-des-conditions-vagues-et-peu-de-garanties&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Law on home visits: vague conditions and few&lt;/a&gt; safeguards&#8221;, 30 July 2025 and Cir&#233;, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cire.be/ceci-nest-pas-une-fiction/#https://www.cire.be/ceci-nest-pas-une-fiction/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;This is not fiction, it is a draft law!&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 27 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3551.html?lang_article=fr#outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&#8220;Press review February&lt;/a&gt; 2026&#8221;, 10 March 2026, on the &#8220;return&#8221; regulation&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Amnesty International, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/aA83DvIqRLdaBqIx_RapportAnnuelAI2024-2025.pdf#https://www.amnesty.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/aA83DvIqRLdaBqIx_RapportAnnuelAI2024-2025.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;The State of Human Rights in the&lt;/a&gt; World&#8221;, April 2025, pages 91&#8211;94&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Lighthouse Reports, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lighthousereports.com/investigation/we-were-slaves/#https://www.lighthousereports.com/investigation/we-were-slaves/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;We were&lt;/a&gt; slaves&#8221;, 28 June 2022; or Human Rights Watch, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/04/07/their-faces-were-covered/greeces-use-migrants-police-auxiliaries-pushbacks#https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/04/07/their-faces-were-covered/greeces-use-migrants-police-auxiliaries-pushbacks&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Their Faces Were Covered&#8221;. Greece's Use of Migrants as Police Auxiliaries in Pushbacks&lt;/a&gt;, 7 April 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the press release from the National Association of Italian Magistrates (ANM), &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.associazionemagistrati.it/doc/5077/sicurezza-sconcerto-per-attacco-a-diritto-di-difesa.htm#https://www.associazionemagistrati.it/doc/5077/sicurezza-sconcerto-per-attacco-a-diritto-di-difesa.htm&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Security Decree: dismay at attack on the right to&lt;/a&gt; defence&#8221;, 18 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For further information, see the Migreurop press release, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3230.html#https://migreurop.org/article3230.html&#034;&gt;&#8220;Italy-Albania Memorandum of Understanding on Migration: Cross-Border Cooperation Contrary to International&lt;/a&gt; Law&#8221;, 13 February 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the statement by the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.coe.int/fr/web/commissioner/-/italy-albania-agreement-adds-to-worrying-european-trend-towards-externalising-asylum-procedures#https://www.coe.int/fr/web/commissioner/-/italy-albania-agreement-adds-to-worrying-european-trend-towards-externalising-asylum-procedures&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;The agreement between Italy and Albania confirms the worrying European trend towards externalising asylum&lt;/a&gt; procedures&#8221;, 13 November 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Stop de Asielwetten, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://stopdeasielwetten.nl/actueel/nieuws/strafbaarstelling-van-tafel#https://stopdeasielwetten.nl/actueel/nieuws/strafbaarstelling-van-tafel&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;A bittersweet victory: Criminalisation off the table&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 21 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;The suspension of the right to asylum was subsequently extended four times in 2025 and once in 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the joint report &lt;a href=&#034;file:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/Pushbacks Report 2025.pdf#file:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/Pushbacks Report 2025.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034;&gt;&#8220;Beaten back at Europe's borders &#8211; 2025 annual report on&lt;/a&gt; pushbacks&#8221;,February 2026, pages 11&#8211;13.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;According to the report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/glosom/GLOSOM_2018_web_small.pdf#https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/glosom/GLOSOM_2018_web_small.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Global study on smuggling of&lt;/a&gt; migrants&#8221;, June 2018, the demand for facilitation services is determined primarily by the limitation of so-called &#8220;legal&#8221; routes of access to certain territories.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;The Sandhurst Treaty provides that the United Kingdom shall fund part of the measures taken by France to &#8220;secure&#8221; French beaches, as the Franco-British border is situated on French soil. Since its signing in 2018 and to date, the United Kingdom has paid approximately &#8364;540 million to France.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70665/traversees-de-la-manche--londres-et-paris-prolongent-de-deux-mois-seulement-leur-accord-pour-securiser-la-frontiere#https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70665/traversees-de-la-manche--londres-et-paris-prolongent-de-deux-mois-seulement-leur-accord-pour-securiser-la-frontiere&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Crossings of the English Channel: London and Paris extend their agreement to secure the border by just two&lt;/a&gt; months&#8221;, 1 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See The Guardian, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/mar/23/uk-funding-french-migrants-small-boat-border-forces#https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/mar/23/uk-funding-french-migrants-small-boat-border-forces&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Revealed: UK-funded French forces putting migrants' lives at risk with small-boat&lt;/a&gt; tactics&#8221;, 23 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the report by the Human Rights Network, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.humansforrights.org/state-violence#https://www.humansforrights.org/state-violence&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;You can't stay but you can't go &#8211; State violence at the UK-France&lt;/a&gt; border&#8221;, December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70616/le-renforcement-des-controles-policiers-rend-la-traversee-de-la-manche-plus-mortelle-selon-des-chercheurs#https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70616/le-renforcement-des-controles-policiers-rend-la-traversee-de-la-manche-plus-mortelle-selon-des-chercheurs&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Tighter police controls make crossing the Channel more deadly, say&lt;/a&gt; researchers&#8221;, 31 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Euractiv, &lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/migrations-la-commission-europeenne-annonce-que-des-discussions-avec-les-talibans-sur-les-retours-sont-en-cours/#https://euractiv.fr/news/migrations-la-commission-europeenne-annonce-que-des-discussions-avec-les-talibans-sur-les-retours-sont-en-cours/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Migration: European Commission announces that discussions with the Taliban on returns are&lt;/a&gt; underway&#8221;, 20 October 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70091/lallemagne-expulse-20-criminels-afghans-vers-kaboul#https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70091/lallemagne-expulse-20-criminels-afghans-vers-kaboul&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Germany deports 20 Afghan criminals to Kabul&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 27 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the European Council's &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.consilium.europa.eu/fr/policies/afghanistan-eu-response/#https://www.consilium.europa.eu/fr/policies/afghanistan-eu-response/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;factsheet on Afghanistan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Revue de presse avril 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3588.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3588.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-05-11T08:33:35Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Belgique</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Alg&#233;rie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Gr&#232;ce</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Albanie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pays-Bas</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pologne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Afghanistan</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Surveillance et contr&#244;le</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>R&#233;voltes et mobilisations</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Renvois forc&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Politiques migratoires</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pays s&#251;rs</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation des fronti&#232;res</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Enfermement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Tunisie Business News, &#171; La rue pour briser le silence : mobilisation citoyenne contre le racisme &#224; Tunis &#187;, le 11 avril 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&#192; la suite d'une p&#233;tition citoyenne lanc&#233;e le 7 avril et diffus&#233;e sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux, une marche de solidarit&#233; contre le racisme s'est tenue &#224; Tunis le samedi 11 avril. Des slogans ont &#233;t&#233; scand&#233;s pour d&#233;noncer les discours racistes en ligne, les propos discriminatoires de certain&#183;e&#183;s d&#233;put&#233;&#183;e&#183;s tunisien&#183;ne&#183;s, ainsi que la r&#233;pression visant les migrant&#183;e&#183;s et (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/4-3-a7907.png?1778488618' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Jugement du Tribunal Permanent des Peuples&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Jugement du Tribunal Permanent&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Belgique&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Belgique&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Belgique/Alg&#233;rie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Belgique/Alg&#233;rie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Gr&#232;ce&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Italie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italie/Albanie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Italie/Albanie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Pays-Bas&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Pays-Bas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Pologne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Pologne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni/France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Royaume-Uni/France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;N&#233;gociations entre l'UE et les talibans&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;N&#233;gociations entre l'UE et (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Business News, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://businessnews.com.tn/2026/04/11/la-rue-pour-briser-le-silence-mobilisation-citoyenne-contre-le-racisme-a-tunis/1396088/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;La rue pour briser le silence : mobilisation citoyenne contre le racisme &#224; Tunis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 11 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#192; la suite d'une &lt;a href=&#034;https://tunisiansolidarity.org/en/racisme/#&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;p&#233;tition citoyenne&lt;/a&gt; lanc&#233;e le 7 avril et diffus&#233;e sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux, une marche de solidarit&#233; contre le racisme s'est tenue &#224; Tunis le samedi 11 avril. Des slogans ont &#233;t&#233; scand&#233;s pour d&#233;noncer les discours racistes en ligne, les propos discriminatoires de certain&#183;e&#183;s d&#233;put&#233;&#183;e&#183;s tunisien&#183;ne&#183;s, ainsi que la r&#233;pression visant les migrant&#183;e&#183;s et les d&#233;fenseur&#183;e&#183;s des droits en Tunisie.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le racisme envers les migrant&#183;e&#183;s d'Afrique subsaharienne et les Tunisien&#183;ne&#183;s noir&#183;e&#183;s s'intensifie dans le pays. Des campagnes de d&#233;sinformation et de haine orchestr&#233;es par le gouvernement de Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed, des arrestations arbitraires et des poursuites fond&#233;es sur de fausses accusations contre les militant&#183;e&#183;s antiracistes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; Revue de presse mars 2026 &#187;, 8 avril 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh4-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, ainsi que des pressions croissantes sur la soci&#233;t&#233; civile solidaire fa&#231;onnent aujourd'hui la r&#233;alit&#233; tunisienne. Cette situation s'inscrit en partie dans le r&#244;le de &#171; garde-fronti&#232;re &#187; que la Tunisie a endoss&#233; pour le compte de l'Italie et de l'Union europ&#233;enne, surtout depuis 2023, dans le cadre du &lt;a href=&#034;https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/pt/ip_23_3887&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;m&#233;morandum d'entente UE-Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;, fortement soutenu par le gouvernement italien et visant &#224; dissuader et entraver les d&#233;parts vers l'Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Malgr&#233; cette r&#233;pression g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233;e, la mobilisation citoyenne d&#233;montre que la soci&#233;t&#233; civile ne faiblit pas, et continue de r&#233;sister et de se mobiliser pour la d&#233;fense des droits humains, dont les violations engagent la responsabilit&#233; de l'UE et de ses politiques d'externalisation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jugement du Tribunal Permanent des Peuples&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lebrief&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;.ma, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lebrief.ma/tribunal-permanent-des-peuples-les-etats-du-maghreb-et-lunion-europeenne-responsables-de-violations-systematiques-des-droits-des-migrants-100147142/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Tribunal permanent des peuples : les &#201;tats du Maghreb et l'Union europ&#233;enne responsables de violations syst&#233;matiques des droits des migrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 6 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 31 mars &#224; Rabat, le jury de la 56e session du Tribunal permanent des peuples (TPP) a rendu son&lt;a href=&#034;https://permanentpeoplestribunal.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/TPP_Migrazione_Maghreb_Sentenza_FR_30-marzo-2026.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;jugement d&#233;finitif&lt;/a&gt;. &#192; la suite d'un acte d'accusation r&#233;dig&#233; par une coalition d'organisations de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile, le TPP a reconnu les &#201;tats du Maghreb, l'UE et plusieurs de ses &#201;tats membres coupables de violations syst&#233;matiques et syst&#233;miques du droit international (non-assistance &#224; personnes en danger, d&#233;tentions arbitraires, torture, refoulements, discriminations raciales, violations des droits). Lors des audiences qui se sont tenues en octobre 2025 &#224; Palerme (Italie), des &#233;l&#233;ments de preuve ont &#233;t&#233; pr&#233;sent&#233;s tels que l'existence en Libye d'un syst&#232;me de refoulement, de d&#233;tention, de traite et d'exploitation ; des refoulements, abandons dans le d&#233;sert et des violences racistes en Tunisie ; un continuum de violences allant de la d&#233;tention arbitraire en Libye jusqu'&#224; la criminalisation des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s et de leurs soutiens en Europe ; des attaques incessantes contre les op&#233;rations civiles de sauvetage en mer...L'UE et ses &#201;tats membres ont &#233;t&#233; consid&#233;r&#233;s complices de ces violations des droits pour avoir financ&#233; et encourag&#233; ces crimes, notamment &#224; travers leurs politiques d'externalisation des fronti&#232;res.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Au-del&#224; des violations du droit international par les &#201;tats, le TPP mentionne &#233;galement la possible qualification de crimes contre l'Humanit&#233;, dans la mesure o&#249; les faits document&#233;s r&#233;sultent de choix d&#233;lib&#233;r&#233;s d'individus et d'actes effectu&#233;s en pleine conscience.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce jugement, qui n'a pas de valeur juridique contraignante, repr&#233;sente toutefois une avanc&#233;e symbolique permettant la reconnaissance, par une juridiction citoyenne, des crimes perp&#233;tr&#233;s contre les personnes migrantes. C'est une premi&#232;re &#233;tape visant &#224; mobiliser l'opinion publique et &#224; d&#233;passer les barri&#232;res du silence, de la haine et de la marginalisation qui entourent les questions migratoires&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; Les &#201;tats du Maghreb et de l'Union europ&#233;enne (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Belgique&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;RTL info, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rtl.be/actu/belgique/politique/il-ne-peut-plus-sagir-dun-sujet-tabou-le-gouvernement-donne-son-feu-vert-une/2026-04-03/article/784710&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il ne peut plus s'agir d'un sujet tabou &#187; : le gouvernement donne son feu vert &#224; une mesure controvers&#233;e&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 3 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le gouvernement belge a approuv&#233; en deuxi&#232;me lecture le projet de loi autorisant les &#171; visites domiciliaires &#187; (2025), qui permettrait &#224; la police, avec l'autorisation d'un juge, d'effectuer des perquisitions au domicile d'une personne sans titre de s&#233;jour, qui repr&#233;senterait &#171; un danger pour l'ordre public ou la s&#233;curit&#233; nationale &#187;, dans le but de proc&#233;der &#224; son arrestation et &#224; son expulsion.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le projet suscite de graves inqui&#233;tudes au regard des droits fondamentaux, tels que le droit au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale (art. 8 de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme), ainsi que du principe de l'inviolabilit&#233; du domicile (art. 15 de la Constitution belge). Ces droits sont menac&#233;s par la notion non d&#233;finie de &#171; danger pour l'ordre public &#187;, qui ouvre la porte &#224; l'arbitraire. En outre, aucun recours n'est pr&#233;vu pour contester la l&#233;galit&#233; de la &#171; visite &#187;, ce qui viole le droit &#224; un recours effectif&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Myria, &#171; Loi sur les visites domiciliaires : des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Plusieurs organisations de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile, et des institutions publiques, ont d&#233;nonc&#233; le projet de loi d&#232;s son d&#233;p&#244;t l'ann&#233;e derni&#232;re, en l'estimant non conforme aux crit&#232;res de n&#233;cessit&#233; et de proportionnalit&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibidem&#034; id=&#034;nh4-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;S'il est approuv&#233; par le Parlement, il constituerait une nouvelle pierre dans la construction d'un r&#233;gime de surveillance des personnes exil&#233;es que les gouvernements europ&#233;ens tentent de mettre en place en Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; Revue de presse f&#233;vrier 2026 &#187;, 10 mars 2026, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Belgique/Alg&#233;rie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70707/la-belgique-conclut-un-accord-avec-lalgerie-pour-accelerer-les-expulsions-dalgeriens-en-situation-irreguliere&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;La Belgique conclut un accord avec l'Alg&#233;rie pour acc&#233;l&#233;rer les expulsions d'Alg&#233;riens en situation irr&#233;guli&#232;re&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 2 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Belgique et l'Alg&#233;rie ont conclu un accord sur l'expulsion des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s alg&#233;rien&#183;ne&#183;s. L'accord, qui doit encore &#234;tre approuv&#233; par le Parlement belge, pr&#233;voit que l'Alg&#233;rie s'engage &#224; identifier ses ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s faisant l'objet d'une mesure d'expulsion dans un d&#233;lai de 15 jours , ainsi qu'&#224; accepter la possibilit&#233; de pr&#233;voir leur expulsion group&#233;e dans des vols d&#233;di&#233;s,avec la participation d'escortes alg&#233;riennes. Pourtant, la l&#233;galit&#233; des renvois group&#233;s de personnes d'une m&#234;me nationalit&#233; est contestable au regard des textes prot&#233;geant les droits humains (Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, Charte europ&#233;enne des droits fondamentaux) qui prohibent les expulsions collectives. En contrepartie, la Belgique accorde un acc&#232;s sans visa &#224; son territoire aux titulaires de passeports diplomatiques alg&#233;riens.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Il s'agit de l'&#233;ni&#232;me exemple d'accords, formels ou informels, conclu afin d'acc&#233;l&#233;rer les expulsions de personnes &#233;trang&#232;res depuis l'Europe, en contrepartie d'avantages financiers, commerciaux ou politiques. Une diplomatie du renvoi, au m&#233;pris des droits fondamentaux. Nombreuses sont ainsi les voix qui s'&#233;l&#232;vent pour d&#233;noncer une violation syst&#233;matique des droits en Alg&#233;rie : r&#233;tr&#233;cissement de l'espace de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile, r&#233;pression s&#233;v&#232;re de la libert&#233; d'expression, atteintes au droit de r&#233;union pacifique et d'association, et all&#233;gations de torture et autres mauvais traitements en sont certaines des illustrations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Amnesty International, &#171; La situation des droits humains (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Par ailleurs, des sanctions s&#233;v&#232;res sont pr&#233;vues en cas de sortie et d'aide &#224; la sortie &#171; ill&#233;gale &#187; du territoire alg&#233;rien, pouvant aller jusqu'&#224; cinq ans d'emprisonnement&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibidem&#034; id=&#034;nh4-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, ce qui est contraire au droit international (art.12-2 Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques &#171; Toute personne est libre de quitter n'importe quel pays, y compris le sien &#187;).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c86vpq42dl0o&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Greek police using masked migrants to forcibly push other migrants back across border&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 14 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;De nouvelles preuves ont &#233;t&#233; recueillies concernant le recrutement, par les autorit&#233;s grecques, de personnes migrantes pour refouler d'autres exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; la fronti&#232;re avec la Turquie (r&#233;gion du fleuve Evros). En contrepartie, celles-ci recevraient de l'argent, ainsi que des documents administratifs leur permettant de demeurer en Gr&#232;ce pendant 25 jours.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette pratique n'est pas in&#233;dite et est document&#233;e par plusieurs organisations et enqu&#234;tes depuis au moins 2020&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Lighthouse Reports, &#171; &#8220;We were slaves&#8221; &#187;, 28 juin 2022 ; ou (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le recrutement d'exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s en tant que &#171; mercenaires &#187; se ferait sous la contrainte, apr&#232;s leur franchissement de la fronti&#232;re entre la Turquie et la Gr&#232;ce. Masqu&#233;es, ces personnes seraient charg&#233;es de proc&#233;der &#224; des refoulements et d'exercer d'autres formes de violences, telles que des d&#233;shabillages forc&#233;s, des passages &#224; tabac et des vols d'effets personnels. En &#233;change de documents leur permettant de se maintenir un temps sur le territoire europ&#233;en.Une forme d'exploitation des migrant&#183;e&#183;s pour le &#171; contr&#244;le &#187; des fronti&#232;res, &#224; qui les autorit&#233;s grecques et europ&#233;ennes tenteraient de transf&#233;rer la responsabilit&#233; de pratiques violentes et attentatoires aux droits humains. Dans un exercice bien connu de d&#233;ni, la Gr&#232;ce comme Frontex d&#233;clarent ne pas avoir connaissance de ces faits.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il Post, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/04/23/cosa-sono-rimpatri-volontari-assistiti-patrocinio-gratuito-migranti-decreto-sicurezza/?utm_campaign=leggi_anche&amp;utm_medium=leggi_anche&amp;utm_source=ilpost&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Capire meglio le due questioni sui migranti di cui si parla da giorni&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 23 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Post&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/04/24/governo-decreto-sicurezza-modifica-incentivi-rimpatri/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;fr&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il governo ha messo una pezza alla norma sui rimpatri volontari&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 24 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 24 avril, le gouvernement italien a approuv&#233; un projet de loi visant &#224; modifier une mesure relative aux migrations contenue dans le &#171; d&#233;cret s&#251;ret&#233; &#187;, adopt&#233; le m&#234;me jour par le Parlement . La mesure pr&#233;voyait l'octroi d'une prime de 615 euros aux avocat&#183;e&#183;s charg&#233;&#183;e&#183;s des proc&#233;dures de retour dit &#171; volontaire &#187; dans le cas o&#249; ce retour aboutirait, mais elle avait &#233;t&#233; bloqu&#233;e par le Pr&#233;sident de la R&#233;publique pour motif d'inconstitutionnalit&#233;. Dans cette modification pr&#233;cipit&#233;e, la prime sera d&#233;sormais vers&#233;e aux avocat&#183;e&#183;s et &#224; d'autres acteur&#183;rice&#183;s impliqu&#233;&#183;e&#183;s dans la mise en &#339;uvre des &#171; retours volontaires &#187;, ind&#233;pendamment de l'issue. Le projet de loi doit encore &#234;tre approuv&#233; par le Parlement italien.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Une deuxi&#232;me mesure, entr&#233;e en vigueur dans le cadre du &#171; d&#233;cret s&#251;ret&#233; &#187; adopt&#233;, supprime l'octroi automatique de l'aide juridictionnelle pour les personnes migrantes contestant une proc&#233;dure d'expulsion. Celles-ci devront d&#233;sormais prouver qu'elles remplissent les conditions de ressources en fournissant des documents (notamment une attestation consulaire) souvent tr&#232;s difficiles &#224; obtenir dans les d&#233;lais pr&#233;vus par la loi.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Au nom d'une pr&#233;tendue urgence &#224; expulser plus rapidement et plus efficacement, l'Italie porte atteinte &#224; ses obligations en mati&#232;re de garantie des droits, en tentant de fragiliser l'ind&#233;pendance et l'autonomie des avocat&#183;e&#183;s, et en introduisant des contraintes administratives qui rendent l'acc&#232;s &#224; l'aide juridictionnelle pour certaines personnes exil&#233;es quasiment impossible. M&#234;me si la version initiale de la premi&#232;re mesure n'a pas &#233;t&#233; adopt&#233;e, les &#233;volutions r&#233;centes t&#233;moignent d'une menace croissante et grave sur le droit &#224; la d&#233;fense des personnes migrantes, qui devrait pourtant &#234;tre &#171; plein, libre et concr&#232;tement accessible &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de presse de l'association nationale des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italie/Albanie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Politico&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/italy-migrant-detention-hubs-albania-not-against-eu-law-says-top-eu-court-adviser/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Italy's migrant detention hubs in Albania not against EU law, says top EU court adviser &#187; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, le 23 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un avocat g&#233;n&#233;ral &#224; la Cour de justice de l'Union europ&#233;enne (CJUE) a estim&#233; que le protocole d'accord Italie-Albanie (2023)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour en savoir plus, lire le communiqu&#233; de Migreurop, &#171; Protocole d'accord (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; est, en principe, conforme au droit europ&#233;en. Ce dernier n'emp&#234;cherait pas les &#201;tats membres de mettre en place, en dehors de leur territoire, des camps de d&#233;tention d&#233;di&#233;s aux proc&#233;dures d'expulsion et/ou au traitement des demandes d'asile, &#224; condition que l'&#201;tat tiers concern&#233; respecte le droit de l'Union, et les droits des migrant&#183;e&#183;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Il s'agit d'un avis non contraignant, qui contribue pourtant &#224; la l&#233;gitimation politique du nouvel avatar de la politique d'externalisation europ&#233;enne , initi&#233; par l'Italie, et qui a inspir&#233; les nouvelles r&#233;glementations europ&#233;ennes (cf. r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;2026).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Commissaire aux droits de l'Homme du Conseil de l'Europe a dans ce sens rappel&#233; en 2023 que &#171; la possibilit&#233; de d&#233;poser une demande d'asile et de la faire examiner sur le territoire des &#201;tats membres reste une composante indispensable d'un syst&#232;me fiable et respectueux des droits humains &#187;, ajoutant que &#171; le protocole d'accord cr&#233;e un r&#233;gime d'asile extraterritorial ad hoc, caract&#233;ris&#233; par de nombreuses ambigu&#239;t&#233;s juridiques&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir la d&#233;claration du Commissaire aux droits de l'Homme du Conseil de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Il reste d&#233;sormais &#224; attendre la d&#233;cision d&#233;finitive de la CJUE.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pays-Bas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;DutchNews, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.dutchnews.nl/2026/04/senate-rejects-law-to-criminalise-living-in-nl-without-papers/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;fr&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Senate &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;rejects bill to criminalise living in NL without papers&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 21 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/61881/les-paysbas-adoptent-le-double-statut-pour-les-demandeurs-dasile&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;fr&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Les Pays-Bas adoptent le double statut pour les demandeurs d'asile&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 23 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 21 avril, le S&#233;nat a rejet&#233; une proposition de loi visant &#224; criminaliser le s&#233;jour dit &#171; irr&#233;gulier &#187;, qui aurait entra&#238;n&#233; un risque accru d'exclusion sociale des personnes exil&#233;es, ainsi que l'exposition &#224; des risques juridiques pour les personnes apportant une aide humanitaire, notamment en fournissant de la nourriture, un abri ou toute autre forme de soutien.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce rejet arrive suite &#224; une large mobilisation de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile n&#233;erlandaise. Environ 120 organisations ont rejoint la campagne &#171; &lt;i&gt;Stop de asielwetten&lt;/i&gt; &#187; (Halte aux lois sur l'asile), en soulignant les effets n&#233;gatifs potentiels de la loi sur l'acc&#232;s effectif aux droits fondamentaux tels que l'&#233;ducation, les soins de sant&#233; et l'assistance juridique, qui doivent &#234;tre garantis ind&#233;pendamment du statut administratif des personnes. Des municipalit&#233;s, dont Amsterdam, ont &#233;galement manifest&#233; leur opposition, montrant que l'&#233;chelon local peut constituer un contre-pouvoir face &#224; l'&#201;tat.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cependant, cette victoire a &#233;t&#233; qualifi&#233;e de &#171; douce-am&#232;re &#187; par la coalition de la campagne&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Stop de Asielwetten, &#171; Een bitterzoete overwinning : (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, car le S&#233;nat a approuv&#233; un syst&#232;me de &#171; double statut &#187; pour les migrant&#183;e&#183;s demandeur&#183;euses d'asile, qui accordera des droits diff&#233;rents &#224; celles et ceux qui fuient des pers&#233;cutions individuelles &#8211; qui b&#233;n&#233;ficieraient d'une protection dite &#171; compl&#232;te &#187; en tant que r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es &#8211; et celles et ceux qui fuient des guerres ou des catastrophes naturelles, qui auraient des droits limit&#233;s, notamment en mati&#232;re de regroupement familial. Cette distinction existe d&#233;j&#224; dans de nombreux pays europ&#233;ens (statut de r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e et protection subsidiaire). Son introduction aux Pays-Bas, o&#249; jusqu'ici les droits des deux cat&#233;gories de demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile &#233;taient les m&#234;mes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Refugee Help, &#171; House of Representatives agrees to stricter (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, suscite des pr&#233;occupations au sein de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile quant au respect de la dignit&#233; humaine. La coalition se dit donc pr&#234;te &#224; poursuivre sa bataille contre les politiques migratoires r&#233;pressives du gouvernement n&#233;erlandais. Une lutte qui appara&#238;t de plus en plus urgente dans le contexte europ&#233;en actuel, domin&#233; par les id&#233;ologies racistes et les l&#233;gislations attentatoires aux droits des personnes migrantes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pologne&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70764/baisse-des-passages-a-la-frontiere-entre-pologne-et-bielorussie--les-itineraires-dangereux-seront-plus-frequentes&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Baisse des passages &#224; la fronti&#232;re entre Pologne et Bi&#233;lorussie : 'Les itin&#233;raires dangereux seront plus fr&#233;quent&#233;s&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 10 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le gouvernement polonais a r&#233;cemment communiqu&#233; une forte baisse des tentatives de franchissement de la fronti&#232;re entre la Pologne et la Bi&#233;lorussie en quatre ans, qu'il attribue au renforcement de la militarisation de la fronti&#232;re et &#224; la suspension temporaire de l'enregistrement des demandes d'asile. Les organisations d'aide aux personnes exil&#233;es alertent sur le fait qu'en r&#233;alit&#233;, ces politiques n'ont fait que contraindre les personnes exil&#233;es &#224; traverser la fronti&#232;re via des tunnels souterrains dans des conditions tr&#232;s risqu&#233;es.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Pologne &#8211; comme d'autres pays europ&#233;ens, arguant d'une hausse des demandes d'asile et des arriv&#233;es sur leurs territoire &#8211; a d&#233;cid&#233; de suspendre l'enregistrement des demandes d'asile &#224; ses fronti&#232;res en 2024. Cette violation de ses obligations internationales a &#233;t&#233; faite avec l'aval de l'UE, qui permet de limiter l'enregistrement des demandes d'asile dans des circonstances dites &#171; exceptionnelles &#187;, notamment pour les &#201;tats membres confront&#233;s &#224; une &#171; situation de crise &#187;, d'&#171; afflux massif &#187; ou &#224; une &#171; instrumentalisation des mouvements migratoires &#187;. Depuis 2021, Varsovie accuse en effet Minsk de coorganiser avec Moscou l'arriv&#233;e de personnes migrantes afin de &#171; d&#233;stabiliser &#187; le territoire de l'UE&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;La suspension du droit d'asile a ensuite &#233;t&#233; prolong&#233;e quatre fois en 2025 e (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Parmi les effets de cette suspension, figurent les 14 754 refoulements vers la Bi&#233;lorussie op&#233;r&#233;s de fa&#231;on ill&#233;galepar les autorit&#233;s polonaises entre janvier et d&#233;cembre 2025, violant leurs droits et exposant les personnes exil&#233;es &#224; des conditions inhumaines et d&#233;gradantes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le rapport conjoint &#171; Beaten back at Europe's borders - 2025 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La multiplication des franchissements de la fronti&#232;re par des tunnels et autres voies alternatives d&#233;montre une fois de plus que les politiques migratoires r&#233;pressives et s&#233;curitaires ne mettent pas fin aux mouvements migratoires : elles rendent les itin&#233;raires plus dangereux et plus longs, et poussent les personnes exil&#233;es &#224; recourir &#224; des facilitateurs devenus n&#233;cessaires dans le contexte de fermeture des fronti&#232;res&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Selon le rapport de l'Office des Nations Unies contre la drogue et le (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Royaume-Uni/France&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/04/23/nouvel-accord-franco-britannique-pour-endiguer-les-traversees-de-migrants-en-manche_6682464_3210.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=2&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Nouvel accord franco-britannique pour endiguer les travers&#233;es de migrants en Manche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 23 avril 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La France et le Royaume-Uni ont trouv&#233; un terrain d'entente pour prolonger l'accord de coop&#233;ration visant &#224; emp&#234;cher les travers&#233;es dites &#171; irr&#233;guli&#232;res &#187; de la Manche (&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/IMG/pdf/accord_france-royaumeuni_2018.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;trait&#233; de Sandhurst&lt;/a&gt;, 2018)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Le trait&#233; de Sandhurst pr&#233;voit que le Royaume-Uni finance une partie des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le Royaume-Uni fournira un financement qui pourra aller jusqu'&#224; 766 millions d'euros sur trois ans et qui comprend &#171; une partie flexible &#187;(186 millions d'euros), conditionn&#233;e &#224; l'efficacit&#233; des dispositions prises pour &#171; pr&#233;venir les tentatives de travers&#233;es &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette d&#233;cision intervient apr&#232;s des mois de tensions, durant lesquels le Royaume-Uni avait insist&#233; pour que la France augmente les interceptions en mer des &#171; &lt;i&gt;small boats&lt;/i&gt; &#187; (petites embarcations utilis&#233;es pour les travers&#233;es de la Manche), faute de quoi il n'aurait pas renouvel&#233; ses financements&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; Travers&#233;es de la Manche : Londres et Paris (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La France s'y &#233;tait oppos&#233;e au d&#233;part,le Secr&#233;taire d'&#201;tat charg&#233; de la Mer, Xavier Ducept ayant soulign&#233; que les pratiques d'interception exig&#233;es par le Royaume-Uni risqueraient de violer le droit international et de mettre &#171; en danger la vie des personnes exil&#233;es et des agents fran&#231;ais &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibidem&#034; id=&#034;nh4-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En effet, les interceptions par les forces de l'ordre fran&#231;aises pour ramener les exil&#233;.e.s vers le littoral fran&#231;ais (&lt;i&gt;pullback&lt;/i&gt;) - pour le compte du Royaume-Uni - constituent une forme de refoulement, une pratique contraire au droit international et attentatoire au droit d'asile. Mais de nombreux et violents &lt;i&gt;pullba&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ck&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;s&lt;/i&gt; ont d&#233;j&#224; &#233;t&#233; document&#233;sdans le cadre des op&#233;rations fran&#231;aises de &#171; surveillance &#187; dans la Manche financ&#233;es par le Royaume-Uni&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet The Guardian, &#171; Revealed : UK-funded French forces putting (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. De plus, les op&#233;rations polici&#232;res men&#233;es &#224; l'encontre des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s sur les c&#244;tes fran&#231;aises, dans le but d'entraver les d&#233;parts vers le R.U. (d&#233;mant&#232;lement violent de campements, utilisation de gaz lacrymog&#232;ne, saisie de biens personnels, agressions physiques), mettent en danger constant la s&#233;curit&#233;, les droits et la vie des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir le report de Humans for Rights Network, &#171; You can't stay but you can't (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La France met donc de cot&#233; ses &#171; pr&#233;occupations &#187; concernant la vie des migrant&#183;e&#183;s et le respect du droit, au profit d'une coop&#233;ration meurtri&#232;re&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; Le renforcement des contr&#244;les policiers rend (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; qui n'a cess&#233; de se renforcer au cours des vingt derni&#232;res ann&#233;es (accords du Touquet, accord &#171; One In, One Out &#187;).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N&#233;gociations entre l'UE et les talibans&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/exclusif-bruxelles-devrait-accueillir-les-talibans-pour-des-discussions-sur-les-expulsions-dafghans/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bruxelles devrait accueillir les talibans pour des discussions sur les expulsions d'Afghans&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187; , le 21 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'Union europ&#233;enne s'appr&#234;te &#224; accueillir une d&#233;l&#233;gation de talibans afin de poursuivre les discussions sur l'expulsion de ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s afghan&#183;e&#183;s depuis le territoire europ&#233;en (janvier 2026)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Euractiv, &#171; Migrations : la Commission europ&#233;enne annonce (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, notamment en ce qui concerne la coop&#233;ration des autorit&#233;s afghanes dans le processus d'identification et la d&#233;livrance de documents de voyage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ces &#233;changes s'inscrivent dans un contexte de pressions croissantes de la part des gouvernements des &#201;tats membres en faveur de la mise en place d'un m&#233;canisme europ&#233;en visant &#224; coordonner les expulsions des Afghan&#183;e&#183;s d&#233;pourvu&#183;e&#183;s de droit au s&#233;jour ou condamn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s par la justice. En octobre 2025, 20 &#201;tats membres, &#224; l'initiative de la Belgique, avaient demand&#233; &#224; la Commission europ&#233;enne d'instaurer ce m&#233;canisme, et en f&#233;vrier 2026 l'Allemagne a &#233;t&#233; le premier pays europ&#233;en, depuis la prise de pouvoir des talibans (2021), &#224; proc&#233;der &#224; une expulsion directe vers l'Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; L'Allemagne expulse 20 criminels afghans (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si l'UE s'&#233;tait jusqu'ici abrit&#233;e derri&#232;re la fiction des &#171; pays d'origine ou tiers s&#251;rs &#187; pour proc&#233;der &#224; des expulsions de personnes exil&#233;es, elle franchit aujourd'hui une &#233;tape suppl&#233;mentaire avec la proposition de r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;, pr&#233;voyant des expulsions vers tout pays tiers ayant conclu un accord formel ou informel avec un &#201;tat membre ou avec l'Union. Mais le texte de compromis adopt&#233; par le Parlement europ&#233;en le 26 mars 2026 pr&#233;voit en outre que&#171; toute communication [&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;vec les &#201;tats tiers &#224; des fins de r&#233;admission&lt;/i&gt;] ne pr&#233;juge en rien de la position de l'Union sur le statut des territoires ou des entit&#233;s concern&#233;s et ne saurait &#234;tre consid&#233;r&#233;e comme une reconnaissance, un soutien ou une validation de leur autorit&#233; ou de leur l&#233;gitimit&#233; &#187; (art. 37).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pr&#233;sent&#233;es sous un angle pr&#233;tendument &#171; technique &#187;, ces discussions avec les talibans, dont l'UE reconna&#238;t elle-m&#234;me que le r&#233;gime a entra&#238;n&#233; une &#171; d&#233;gradation sensible (&#8230;) des droits de l'Homme pour la population afghane &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment la fiche de l'Afghanistan du Conseil de l'Union europ&#233;enne&#034; id=&#034;nh4-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, pourraient conduire &#224; une institutionnalisation de la violation du principe de non-refoulement et exposer les personnes concern&#233;es &#224; la torture, &#224; des traitements inhumains et d&#233;gradants, &#224; des ex&#233;cutions arbitraires, et &#224; d'autres graves violations de droits en Afghanistan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6037 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;28&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/draft_revue_de_presse_avril_2026.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 260.1 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/4-6-66386.png?1778488618' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Revue de presse avril 2026
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3571.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;&#171; Revue de presse mars 2026 &#187;&lt;/a&gt;, 8 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3565.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt; Les &#201;tats du Maghreb et de l'Union europ&#233;enne coupables de violations syst&#233;matiques du droit international et de crimes contre l'humanit&#233;&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 7 avril 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Myria, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.myria.be/fr/publications/loi-sur-les-visites-domiciliaires-des-conditions-vagues-et-peu-de-garanties&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Loi sur les visites domiciliaires : des conditions vagues et peu de garantie&lt;/a&gt; &#187; , 30 juillet 2025 et Cir&#233;, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cire.be/ceci-nest-pas-une-fiction/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Ceci n'est pas une fiction, c'est un projet de loi !&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 27 novembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibidem&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3551.html?lang_article=fr#outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;Revue de presse f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 10 mars 2026, sur le r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/aA83DvIqRLdaBqIx_RapportAnnuelAI2024-2025.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; La situation des droits humains dans le monde &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, avril 2025, pages 91-94&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibidem&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Lighthouse Reports, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lighthousereports.com/investigation/we-were-slaves/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;We were slaves&#8221;&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 28 juin 2022 ; ou encore Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/04/07/their-faces-were-covered/greeces-use-migrants-police-auxiliaries-pushbacks&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; &#8220;Their Faces Were Covered&#8221;. Greece's Use of Migrants as Police Auxiliaries in Pushbacks&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 7 avril 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de presse de l'association nationale des magistrat&#183;e&#183;s italien&#183;ne&#183;s (ANM) , &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.associazionemagistrati.it/doc/5077/sicurezza-sconcerto-per-attacco-a-diritto-di-difesa.htm&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Decreto Sicurezza : sconcerto per attacco a diritto di difesa&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 18 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour en savoir plus, lire le communiqu&#233; de Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3230.html&#034;&gt;Protocole d'accord Italie/Albanie sur les migrations : une coop&#233;ration transfronti&#232;re contraire au droit international&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 13 f&#233;vrier 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir la d&#233;claration du Commissaire aux droits de l'Homme du Conseil de l'Europe, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.coe.int/fr/web/commissioner/-/italy-albania-agreement-adds-to-worrying-european-trend-towards-externalising-asylum-procedures&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'accord entre l'Italie et l'Albanie confirme l'inqui&#233;tante tendance europ&#233;enne &#224; externaliser les proc&#233;dures d'asile&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 13 novembre 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Stop de Asielwetten, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://stopdeasielwetten.nl/actueel/nieuws/strafbaarstelling-van-tafel&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Een bitterzoete overwinning : Strafbaarstelling van tafel &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 21 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Refugee Help, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.refugeehelp.nl/en/asylum-seeker/news/100517-house-of-representatives-agrees-to-stricter-laws-on-asylum-now-the-senate-must-decide&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;House of Representatives agrees to stricter laws on asylum : now the Senate must decide&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 23 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;La suspension du droit d'asile a ensuite &#233;t&#233; prolong&#233;e quatre fois en 2025 e une fois en 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le rapport conjoint &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;file:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/Pushbacks Report 2025.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034;&gt;Beaten back at Europe's borders - 2025 annual report on pushbacks &lt;/a&gt; &#187;,f&#233;vrier 2026, pages 11-13.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Selon le rapport de l'Office des Nations Unies contre la drogue et le crime, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/glosom/GLOSOM_2018_web_small.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Global study on smuggling of migrants&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, juin 2018, la demande de services de facilitation est d&#233;termin&#233;e surtout par la limitation des voies dites &#171; l&#233;gales &#187; d'acc&#232;s &#224; certaines territoires.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Le trait&#233; de Sandhurst pr&#233;voit que le Royaume-Uni finance une partie des actions men&#233;es par la France pour &#171; s&#233;curiser &#187; les plages fran&#231;aises, la fronti&#232;re franco-britannique &#233;tant situ&#233;e sur le sol fran&#231;ais. Depuis sa signature en 2018 et jusqu'ici, le Royaume-Uni a vers&#233; environ 540 millions d'euros &#224; la France.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70665/traversees-de-la-manche--londres-et-paris-prolongent-de-deux-mois-seulement-leur-accord-pour-securiser-la-frontiere&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Travers&#233;es de la Manche : Londres et Paris prolongent de deux mois seulement leur accord pour s&#233;curiser la fronti&#232;re&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 1 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibidem&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet The Guardian, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/mar/23/uk-funding-french-migrants-small-boat-border-forces&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Revealed : UK-funded French forces putting migrants' lives at risk with small-boat tactics&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 23 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir le report de Humans for Rights Network, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.humansforrights.org/state-violence&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;You can't stay but you can't go - State violence at the UK-France border&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70616/le-renforcement-des-controles-policiers-rend-la-traversee-de-la-manche-plus-mortelle-selon-des-chercheurs&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Le renforcement des contr&#244;les policiers rend la travers&#233;e de la Manche plus mortelle, selon des chercheurs&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 31 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Euractiv, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/migrations-la-commission-europeenne-annonce-que-des-discussions-avec-les-talibans-sur-les-retours-sont-en-cours/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrations : la Commission europ&#233;enne annonce que des discussions avec les talibans sur les retours sont en cours&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 20 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70091/lallemagne-expulse-20-criminels-afghans-vers-kaboul&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'Allemagne expulse 20 criminels afghans vers Kaboul &lt;/a&gt; &#187;,27 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment la &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.consilium.europa.eu/fr/policies/afghanistan-eu-response/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;fiche de l'Afghanistan&lt;/a&gt; du Conseil de l'Union europ&#233;enne&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press review february 2026 </title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3552.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3552.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-03-10T17:11:48Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Egypte</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>German</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cyprus</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Spain</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Detention</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Freedom of movement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation of borders</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Monitoring and control </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Forced returns</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Egypt InfoMigrants, 'In Egypt, arrests of African refugees are increasing as part of a widespread crackdown,' 25 February 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Egypt has launched a campaign of arrests and deportations of migrant people in an effort to halt arrivals. Nearly 5,000 migrants have been detained in police stations for reasons related solely to immigration and several human rights organisations have denounced the ill-treatment and violence suffered in these places of deprivation of liberty. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Such violence is (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot193.html" rel="tag"&gt;Egypte&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot16.html" rel="tag"&gt;German&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot45.html" rel="tag"&gt;Cyprus&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot19.html" rel="tag"&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot55.html" rel="tag"&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Detention&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot178.html" rel="tag"&gt;Freedom of movement&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation of borders&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Monitoring and control &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Forced returns&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/14-3-90e9d.png?1773162937' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Egypt&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Egypt&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisia&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Germany&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Cyrprus&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Cyrprus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Spain&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italy&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sweden&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Sweden&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;The concept of &#034;safe countries&#034;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;The concept of &#034;safe countries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;The &#034;Return Regulation&#034; proposal&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;The &#034;Return Regulation&#034; (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Egypt&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70023/en-egypte-les-arrestations-de-refugies-africains-se-multiplient-dans-une-vaste-campagne-de-repression&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;In Egypt, arrests of African refugees are increasing as part of a widespread crackdown&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;,' 25 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Egypt has launched a campaign of arrests and deportations of migrant people in an effort to halt arrivals. Nearly 5,000 migrants have been detained in police stations for reasons related solely to immigration and several human rights organisations have denounced the ill-treatment and violence suffered in these places of deprivation of liberty.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Such violence is not unprecedented in Egypt, which systematically flouts its international responsibilities in terms of reception and protection (it has ratified the Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees): arbitrary detention&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Amnesty International's press release 'Egypt: Refugees forced into (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; of migrants and refoulement are common practice. Yet, the European Union and its Member States have continued to strengthen their relations with Egypt since the early 2000s. The EU-Egypt partnership concluded in March 2025, which includes 'cooperation on migration and mobility'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, EuroNews, &#8220;Brussels to announce &#8364;75 million in financial (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , and the recent approval of two texts on the concept of 'safe countries'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular: Amnesty International, 'European Union: Adoption of safe (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, consolidate the attempt to relocate the violation of fundamental rights to a 'third' country. Through this deadly security cooperation, the EU is indirectly responsible for these violations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/afrique/20260203-tunisie-migrants-camp-sfax-autorites-forcer-retours-volontaires&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;'Tunisia: authorities accused of forcing 'voluntary' returns of migrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 3 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since early 2026, the El Amra and Jebeniana camps in Tunisia have been the target of repeated police operations to dismantle them. The aim of these destruction, confiscations and thefts is to push sub-Saharan migrant people into 'voluntary return' to their countries of origin. Normally managed by the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), these returns are also organised and promoted in an opaque and informal manner via WhatsApp groups, probably in conjunction with the Tunisian authorities.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So-called 'voluntary' return is not a free choice in Tunisia, but the only choice possible in the absence of safe alternatives, effectively turning it into a disguised expulsion and thus an instrument of fundamental rights violations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard the collective action, 'Manifesto. Voluntary humanitarian (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Police operations, arbitrary detentions, refoulements or expulsions via 'voluntary returns' suffered by migrants, as well as growing racism in Tunisia, make the country a notoriously unsafe place for people on the move&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard the EuroMed Rights network fact sheet, 'Safe on paper, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Yet the EU and its Member States continue to entrust Tunisia with the management of migration to Europe through the 2023 Memorandum of Understanding between Tunisia and the EU, which was strongly supported by the Italian government&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Plein Droit No. 125 by Gisti, 'Tunisia, a land of (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, and the 'safe countries' legislation approved by the European Parliament in February 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Germany&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Politico, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/berlin-germany-extend-beefed-up-border-check/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Berlin to extend beefed-up border checks&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 16 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Germany will extend internal border controls, reintroduced in September 2024 and presented as an important part of the country's migration policy strategy, until September 2026.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;While free movement is the founding principle of the Schengen area, since 2024 the Schengen Borders Code (SBC) has allowed for the temporary reintroduction of internal controls for a maximum period of six months, except in cases of serious threats to public order or national security, which would justify an extension of up to two years&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Regulation (EU)2016/399, Schengen Borders Code.&#034; id=&#034;nh5-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Since then, ten states have reintroduced border controls: France (which had already reintroduced such controls de facto since 2015), Poland, Sweden, Austria, Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Italy, Germany and Slovenia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With the arrival of Friedrich Merz in government and the adoption of a more repressive migration policy, Germany's borders are becoming increasingly militarised and several cases of returns to countries such as Afghanistan and Pakistan have been documented. Despite the rulings of national courts&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, Euractiv, 'Germany: court rules that turning away asylum (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; and reports by human rights organisations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard the 2024 reports by Amnesty International and Human (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , the government has not changed its approach, citing the need to 'contain threats to order and security' posed by so-called 'uncontrolled' immigration&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See InfoMigrants, 'Germany to extend border checks by six months ', 17 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Germany thus establishes a causal link between migration and crime, even though no direct correlation between the two has been proven. It is more likely to be a biased perception, which can be explained, for example, by the over-representation of migrants in certain official statistics and the greater media visibility of offences committed by migrants compared to those committed by nationals&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Centre d'&#233;tudes prospectives et d'informations (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Nevertheless, this correlation is regularly exploited in the public debate to justify serious violations of the rights of migrant people, such as refoulement and racial profiling.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70091/lallemagne-expulse-20-criminels-afghans-vers-kaboul&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Germany deports 20 Afghan criminals to Kabul&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;,' 27 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 26 February, Germany directly deported 20 Afghan nationals who had been convicted by the courts to Afghanistan. In 2024, Olaf Scholz's government had already deported convicted Afghan nationals, but via Qatar, which was responsible for organising their return to Kabul. This is the first time since the Taliban took power in 2021 that an EU member state has carried out a direct deportation to Afghanistan, via an agreement reached in 2025 between the German government and the Taliban.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This informal agreement violates the principle of non-refoulement and sets a dangerous precedent. It is part of a broader attempt by several European states to push the EU to coordinate a strategy of direct deportations to Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, EuroNews, 'Nineteen EU countries and Norway demand (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . This attempt may well succeed, as the European Commission began negotiations with the Taliban a few months ago on 'returns'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, InfoMigrants, 'Expulsions of Afghans from the EU: the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . These practices risk normalising relations with a country that the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights has described as a 'graveyard for human rights'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cyrprus&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/https:/www.infomigrants.net/en/post/69874/cyprus-intensifies-migration-enforcement-operations&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cyprus intensifies migration enforcement operations&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 17 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since mid-December, police operations in Cyprus aimed at detecting migrants without the right to stay have intensified. According to the authorities, 160 people have been deported and 480 have made so-called 'voluntary' returns.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cyprus currently holds the six-month presidency of the Council of the EU and its current priority is to demonstrate its performance in border management. This policy is part of its bid to join the Schengen area, scheduled for later in 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cyprus has already been accused and found guilty of violating the rights of migrant people on several occasions (notably the refoulement of Syrian asylum seekers&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop, 'Press review for March 2025,' 1 April 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh5-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ), but these decisions have had no effect: on the contrary, the southern part of the island continues to benefit from EU support for its migration policies that violate rights&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the EU's financial support programmes for migration (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spain&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Telquel Maroc, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://telquel.ma/instant-t/2026/02/04/sur-cnn-pedro-sanchez-salue-lefficacite-de-la-cooperation-migratoire-avec-le-maroc_1973907/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;'On CNN, Pedro S&#225;nchez praises the effectiveness of migration cooperation with Morocco&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;,' 4 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Spanish Prime Minister Pedro S&#225;nchez said in an interview with CNN that cooperation with Morocco has significantly reduced so-called 'irregular' immigration to Spain, describing this bilateral partnership as essential for managing migration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This statement comes after the announced regularisation of 500,000 migrant people in Spain and S&#225;nchez's explicit opposition to the creation of 'return centres' outside European borders for rejected asylum seekers&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop, 'Press review for January 2026,' 29 January 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh5-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In reality, however, Spain systematically outsources the management of its borders, entrusting it in particular to Morocco and Mauritania&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See InfoMigrants, 'Canary Islands route: more than 60% drop in migrant (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Acting in line with the EU and its Member States, Spain bears responsibility for human rights violations against migrant people in these countries, which have been widely documented in several reports&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject: Human Rights Watch, 'Mauritania: Years of Abuse Linked (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il Post, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/02/11/governo-approva-ddl-accoglienza-migranti/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Il governo ha approvato un disegno di legge che limita l'accoglienza dei migranti&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 11 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Internazionale, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.internazionale.it/notizie/annalisa-camilli/2026/02/17/blocco-navale-immigrazione&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Il blocco navale che non &#232; un blocco navale&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 17 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 11 February, the Italian government approved a draft immigration bill introducing new restrictive measures in advance of the European Union's Pact on Migration and Asylum. Among other things, the text provides for a 'naval blockade' of up to six months for vaguely defined security reasons, with heavy fines and confiscation of the vessel in the event of non-compliance with the ban on navigation in Italian territorial waters. Furthermore, migrants on board may be transferred to so-called third countries other than their countries of origin, with which Italy has concluded formal or informal agreements. Other measures include facilitated expulsion procedures, stricter criteria for family reunification and subsidiary protection, and a reduction in the guarantees granted to unaccompanied minors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This bill contravenes international obligations on asylum and rescue at sea, and risks leading to collective refoulement at borders and on the high seas. In the wake of recent European legislation on the concept of 'safe countries', this bill exposes migrant people to serious human rights violations, particularly with regard to the individual examination of their asylum applications. Supported by the European Union, the Italian government continues to shirk its responsibilities in terms of reception and protection, and to systematically criminalise migrants and solidarity organisations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the joint statement against the draft law on the SOS M&#233;diterran&#233;e (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sweden&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/69959/a-18-ans-ils-perdent-le-droit-de-rester-dans-le-pays--vive-emotion-en-suede-autour-des-expulsions-dadolescents-etrangers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;At 18, they lose the right to stay in the country': strong emotions in Sweden over the deportation of foreign teenagers&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 20 February 2026 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In Sweden, many young migrant people are deported after reaching the age of majority. A reform adopted in 2016 stipulates that young people who reach the age of 18 before obtaining permanent resident status are no longer considered part of their parents' family unit. They are therefore no longer eligible for family reunification and are deprived of the right to stay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cases of deportation of these young people to their 'countries of origin', with which they have little or no actual connection, are on the rise in the current context of Sweden's increasingly harsh migration policies&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the sections on Sweden in Migreurop, 'Press review 2025,' 1 January 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh5-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . It is becoming increasingly difficult for minors to obtain permanent resident status: family reunification applications are often processed with delays that result in some young people losing their protection&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the Human Rights Watch press release on this subject, 'Sweden Deporting (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Guarantees for families are being weakened, and Sweden is flouting its international obligations to respect private and family life and the best interests of the child.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2026/feb/05/home-office-60000-deported-removed-since-2024-election-migration&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Home Office says nearly 60,000 people deported from UK or left voluntarily since 2024 election&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 5 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The UK government claims to have deported 60,000 criminals and migrants without the right to remain since Labour came to power (July 2024). According to some, the recent increase in deportations is the result of a desperate attempt to counter the far right (Reform UK is ahead of Labour in recent polls) through populist and criminalising rhetoric. In the wake of this, the United Kingdom has announced on several occasions its intention to introduce measures into its legislation aimed at limiting appeals against deportations by circumventing the application of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). In particular, this would be done through laws aimed at restricting the interpretation of Articles 3 (prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment) - which, however, allows for no exceptions&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;G&#228;fgen v. Germany [GC], no.22978/05%7D] , &#167; 107, ECHR 2010&#034; id=&#034;nh5-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; - and 8 (right to respect for private and family life).&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See The Guardian, &#8220;What does the UK want to change about human rights law &#8211; (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;However, these laws are not included among the asylum reform measures that (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The country is among those that signed an open letter in 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, the joint statement by 27 European countries calling for (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; calling for a more restrictive interpretation of these two articles, which could allow the expulsion of migrant people even in cases of dangerous returns&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard The Guardian, 'UK joins call for Europe's human rights (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The United Kingdom thus joins the ranks of states that are challenging international law or seeking to adapt it to subordinate it to the dominant anti-migration ideology.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The concept of &#034;safe countries&#034;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/02/10/le-parlement-europeen-adopte-definitivement-deux-textes-cles-pour-durcir-la-politique-migratoire_6666154_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;European Parliament adopts two key texts to tighten &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;migration policy&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;,' 10 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 10 February, the European Parliament adopted two texts on the concept of 'safe countries', thanks to an alliance between the right and the far right. The first establishes a common list of countries of origin considered 'safe', including Tunisia, Morocco, Colombia, Kosovo, Egypt, India and Bangladesh. Member States will have to apply accelerated procedures to examine asylum applications from nationals of these countries, on the assumption that they do not, a priori, need protection. The second text, on 'safe third countries', allows any asylum application from persons who have transited through one of these countries to be declared inadmissible and for them to be deported there.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, systematic human rights violations have been widely documented in these countries considered 'safe' by the EU&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See EuroMed Rights, &#8216;Stop considering Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco as &#8220;safe&#8221; (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Furthermore, no one can guarantee that a country is safe for all its nationals.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The EU is thus shirking its responsibilities in terms of asylum, putting in place a punitive system of mass deportations and systematising the violation of the principle of non-refoulement and the right to an individual examination of asylum applications.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The &#034;Return Regulation&#034; proposal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/feb/16/eu-deportations-plan-ice-style-enforcement-rights-groups-warn&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;EU's deportations plan risks ICE-style enforcement, rights groups warn&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 16 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The EU is currently negotiating the 'Return Regulation', which aims to replace the 2008 Return Directive, the framework for detention and deportation within the EU, and which would, among other things, extend and normalise raids and surveillance measures in Member States. Member States would be required to 'detect' persons without the right to stay , thereby transforming everyday spaces and public services into tools of control, similar toBrigitte Espuche2026-03-09T11:23:00BEexplain what it is&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ICE in the United States (Immigration and Customs Enforcement)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;ICE: US agency responsible for immigration and customs enforcement, known (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;More than 80 associations have signed a statement warning that this regulation 'would consolidate a punitive system, fuelled by far-right rhetoric and based on racialised suspicion, denunciation, detention and deportation'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the joint statement on the PICUM website, &#8220;No to EU law enabling home (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The draft Return Regulation stems from a proposal by the European Commission in March 2025. It was approved in a more repressive version on 9 March by the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE), at the instigation of an alliance between the right and the far right and will be voted on in plenary in the coming days. The proposed measures include expanding coercive measures, facilitating forced expulsions and legalising outsourcing practices. This is yet another attack on the rights of migrant people and the European democratic order.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_5919 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;28&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/press_review_february_2026.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 1.4 MiB' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/14-3-f8cf0.png?1773218527' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Press review february 2026
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Amnesty International's press release '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.fr/communiques/egypte-des-personnes-refugiees-vivent-cachees-en-raison-des-arrestations-arbitraires-et-des-expulsions-illegales-menees-dans-un-contexte-de-repression/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Egypt: Refugees forced into hiding due to arbitrary arrests and illegal deportations amid crackdown&lt;/a&gt;', 16 February 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, EuroNews, &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/10/22/bruxelles-va-annoncer-une-aide-financiere-de-75-millions-deuros-au-caire&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Brussels to announce &#8364;75 million in financial aid to&lt;/a&gt; Cairo&#8221;, 22 October 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular: Amnesty International, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.fr/communiques/union-europeenne-ladoption-de-regles-sur-les-pays-surs-est-une-nouvelle-attaque-contre-le-droit-dasile/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;European Union: Adoption of safe country rules is a new attack on the right to asylum&lt;/a&gt;,' 11 February 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard the collective action, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3395.html&#034;&gt;Manifesto. Voluntary humanitarian refusal: a choice you cannot refuse&lt;/a&gt;,' 1 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard the EuroMed Rights network fact sheet, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/tunisia-infosheet-fr.pdf&#034;&gt;'Safe on paper, dangerous in reality: Tunisia and the EU's return policy&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/tunisia-infosheet-fr.pdf&#034;&gt;'&lt;/a&gt; 20 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Plein Droit No. 125 by Gisti, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?article6468&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisia, a land of welcome... for European policies&lt;/a&gt;,' June 2020; Lawyers Without Borders '&lt;a href=&#034;https://asf.be/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/ASF_Italie-Tunisie_FR.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Italy-Tunisia migration agreements: human costs and security abuses&lt;/a&gt;,' report, 11 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Regulation (EU)&lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/399/oj?locale=fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;2016/399&lt;/a&gt;, Schengen Borders Code.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, Euractiv, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/allemagne-un-tribunal-juge-illegaux-les-refoulements-de-demandeurs-dasile-a-la-frontiere/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Germany: court rules that turning away asylum seekers at the border is illegal&lt;/a&gt;', 2 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard the 2024 reports by &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/europe-and-central-asia/western-central-and-south-eastern-europe/germany/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Amnesty International&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2025/country-chapters/germany&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Human Rights Watch&lt;/a&gt; on the human rights situation in Germany&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See InfoMigrants, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/69883/germany-to-extend-border-checks-by-six-months&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Germany to extend border checks by six months&lt;/a&gt; ', 17 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Centre d'&#233;tudes prospectives et d'informations internationales (CEPII), '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cepii.fr/PDF_PUB/lettre/2023/let436.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Immigration and crime: realities and perceptions&lt;/a&gt;,' April 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, EuroNews, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/10/18/nineteen-eu-countries-and-norway-demand-measures-to-return-afghans-either-voluntarily-or-f&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Nineteen EU countries and Norway demand measures to return Afghans either voluntarily or forcibly&lt;/a&gt; ', 18 October 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, InfoMigrants, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/67635/expulsions-dafghans-depuis-lue--la-commission-europeenne-annonce-discuter-avec-les-taliban&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Expulsions of Afghans from the EU: the European Commission announces talks with the Taliban&lt;/a&gt;,' 21 October 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3402.html&#034;&gt;Press review for March 2025&lt;/a&gt;,' 1 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the &lt;a href=&#034;https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/migration-management-cyprus/financial-support-eu_en&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;EU's financial support programmes&lt;/a&gt; for migration management in Cyprus&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3536.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Press review for January 2026&lt;/a&gt;,' 29 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See InfoMigrants, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/69028/route-des-canaries--chute-de-plus-de-60-des-arrivees-de-migrants-dans-larchipel-espagnol-en-2025&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Canary Islands route: more than 60% drop in migrant arrivals in the Spanish archipelago in 2025&lt;/a&gt;,' 5 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject: Human Rights Watch, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2025/08/27/mauritanie-des-annees-dabus-lies-aux-controles-des-migrations&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritania: Years of Abuse Linked to Migration Controls&lt;/a&gt;', 27 August 2025; ASGI '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.asgi.it/en/publication/morocco-border-policies-at-the-root-of-forced-disappearances-and-human-rights-violations/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Morocco: Border policies at the root of forced disappearances and human rights violations&lt;/a&gt;', 14 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the joint statement against the draft law on the SOS M&#233;diterran&#233;e website, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://sosmediterranee.fr/communiques-et-declarations/declaration-commune-pays-dits-surs-et-blocus-naval-le-gouvernement-italien-sattaque-aux-ong-de-sauvetage-en-mer/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;So-called 'safe' countries and 'naval blockade': the Italian government attacks sea rescue NGOs and the rights of migrants&lt;/a&gt;,' 12 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the sections on Sweden in Migreurop, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3531.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Press review 2025&lt;/a&gt;,' 1 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the Human Rights Watch press release on this subject, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/02/19/sweden-deporting-young-people&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Sweden Deporting Young People&lt;/a&gt;', 19 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;G&#228;fgen v. Germany [GC], no.&lt;a href=&#034;https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#%7B%22appno%22:[%2222978/05%22&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;22978/05&lt;/a&gt;%7D] , &#167; 107, ECHR 2010&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See The Guardian, &#8220;What does the UK want to change about human rights law &#8211; and will it happen?&#8221;, 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;However, these laws are not included among the asylum reform measures that came into force at the beginning of March&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, the joint statement by 27 European countries calling for a more restrictive interpretation of Articles 3 and 8 of the ECHR, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-to-the-conference-of-ministers-of-justice-of-the-council-of-europe&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Joint Statement to the Conference of Ministers of Justice of the Council of Europe&lt;/a&gt;', 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard The Guardian, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/dec/10/uk-joins-call-for-europes-human-rights-laws-to-be-constrained&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;UK joins call for Europe's human rights laws to be 'constrained'&lt;/a&gt; ,' 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See EuroMed Rights, &lt;a href=&#034;https://euromedrights.org/fr/publication/arretez-de-considerer-legypte-la-tunisie-et-le-maroc-comme-des-pays-surs/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Stop considering Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco as &#8220;safe&#8221; countries!&lt;/a&gt;', 16 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;ICE: US agency responsible for immigration and customs enforcement, known for its coercive practices and intimidating raids against migrants&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the joint statement on the PICUM website, &lt;a href=&#034;https://picum.org/blog/no-to-eu-law-enabling-home-raids-policing-of-public-services-and-racial-profiling/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;No to EU law enabling home raids, policing of public services and racial&lt;/a&gt; profiling&#8221;, 11 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Revue de presse f&#233;vrier 2026 </title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3551.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3551.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-03-10T16:28:28Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Militarisation des fronti&#232;res</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Politiques migratoires</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Renvois forc&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Surveillance et contr&#244;le</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Espagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Chypre</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Allemagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Egypte</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Libert&#233; de circulation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Egypte InfoMigrants, &#171; En &#201;gypte, les arrestations de r&#233;fugi&#233;s africains se multiplient dans une vaste campagne de r&#233;pression &#187;, le 25 f&#233;vrier 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
L'&#201;gypte a lanc&#233; une campagne d'arrestations et d'expulsions de personnes exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s, dans le but d'enrayer les arriv&#233;es. Pr&#232;s de 5 000 migrant&#183;e&#183;s ont &#233;t&#233; plac&#233;s en d&#233;tention dans les commissariats pour des raisons li&#233;e uniquement &#224; l'immigration, et plusieurs organisations de d&#233;fense des droits humains d&#233;noncent les mauvais traitements et les (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation des fronti&#232;res&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Politiques migratoires&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Renvois forc&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Surveillance et contr&#244;le&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot55.html" rel="tag"&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;Italie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot19.html" rel="tag"&gt;Espagne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot45.html" rel="tag"&gt;Chypre&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot16.html" rel="tag"&gt;Allemagne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot193.html" rel="tag"&gt;Egypte&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot178.html" rel="tag"&gt;Libert&#233; de circulation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/2-3-46e5f.png?1773160177' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Egypte&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Egypte&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Allemagne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Allemagne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Chypre&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Chypre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Espagne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Espagne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Italie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Su&#232;de&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Le concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Le concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &amp;#187&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Le R&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Le R&#232;glement &#171; retour &amp;#187&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Egypte&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70023/en-egypte-les-arrestations-de-refugies-africains-se-multiplient-dans-une-vaste-campagne-de-repression&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;En &#201;gypte, les arrestations de r&#233;fugi&#233;s africains se multiplient dans une vaste campagne de r&#233;pression&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 25 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'&#201;gypte a lanc&#233; une campagne d'arrestations et d'expulsions de personnes exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s, dans le but d'enrayer les arriv&#233;es. Pr&#232;s de 5 000 migrant&#183;e&#183;s ont &#233;t&#233; plac&#233;s en d&#233;tention dans les commissariats pour des raisons li&#233;e uniquement &#224; l'immigration, et plusieurs organisations de d&#233;fense des droits humains d&#233;noncent les mauvais traitements et les violences subis dans ces lieux de privation de libert&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ces violences ne sont pas in&#233;dites en &#201;gypte, qui bafoue syst&#233;matiquement ses responsabilit&#233;s internationales en mati&#232;re d'accueil et de protection (il a ratifi&#233; la Convention de Gen&#232;ve relative au statut des r&#233;fugi&#233;s) : les d&#233;tentions arbitraires&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens le communiqu&#233; de presse de Amnesty International &#171; &#201;gypte. (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; de migrant&#183;e&#183;s et refoulements y sont une pratique courante. Pourtant, l'Union europ&#233;enne et ses &#201;tats membres n'ont cess&#233; de renforcer leurs relations avec ce pays depuis le d&#233;but des ann&#233;es 2000. Le partenariat UE&#8211;&#201;gypte conclu en mars 2025, qui inclut une &#171; coop&#233;ration en mati&#232;re de migration et mobilit&#233; &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment EuroNews, &#171; Bruxelles va annoncer une aide financi&#232;re de 75 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , et la r&#233;cente approbation des deux textes sur le concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment : Amnesty International, &#171; Union europ&#233;enne. L'adoption de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; consolident la tentative de d&#233;localiser la violation des droits fondamentaux vers un pays &#171; tiers &#187;. &#192; travers cette coop&#233;ration s&#233;curitaire et meurtri&#232;re, l'UE se rend indirectement responsable de ces violations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/afrique/20260203-tunisie-migrants-camp-sfax-autorites-forcer-retours-volontaires&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#171; Tunisie : les autorit&#233;s accus&#233;es de forcer les retours 'volontaires' des migrants &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 3 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis d&#233;but 2026, les campements d'El Amra et Jebeniana, en Tunisie, font l'objet d'op&#233;rations polici&#232;res r&#233;p&#233;t&#233;es de d&#233;mant&#232;lement. L'objectif des destructions, confiscations et vols serait de pousser les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s subsaharien&#183;ne&#183;s au &#171; retour volontaire &#187; dans leurs pays d'origine. Normalement g&#233;r&#233;s par l'Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM), ces retours sont &#233;galement organis&#233;s et promus de mani&#232;re opaque et informelle via des groupes WhatsApp, probablement en lien avec les autorit&#233;s tunisiennes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le retour dit &#171; volontaire &#187; n'est pas un choix libre en Tunisie, mais le seul choix possible en l'absence d'alternatives s&#251;res, se transformant de fait en expulsion d&#233;guis&#233;e et donc en un instrument de violation des droits fondamentaux&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens l'action collective, &#171; Manifesto. Voluntary humanitarian (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les op&#233;rations polici&#232;res, les d&#233;tentions arbitraires, les refoulements ou les expulsions via les &#171; retours volontaires &#187; subis par les migrant&#183;e&#183;s, ainsi que le racisme croissant en Tunisie, font du pays un lieu notoirement non s&#251;r pour les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens la fiche d'information du r&#233;seau EuroMed Droits, &#171; S&#251;r sur (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Pourtant, l'UE et ses &#201;tats membres continuent &#224; lui confier la gestion des mouvements migratoires vers l'Europe via le m&#233;morandum d'entente conclu en 2023 entre la Tunisie et l'UE, largement soutenu par le gouvernement italien&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Plein Droit n&#176; 125 du Gisti, &#171; La Tunisie, terre d'accueil&#8230; (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, ou les textes sur les &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187; approuv&#233;s par le Parlement Europ&#233;en en f&#233;vrier 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Allemagne&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;i&gt;Politico, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/berlin-germany-extend-beefed-up-border-check/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Berlin to extend beefed-up border checks&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 16 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'Allemagne prolongera jusqu'en septembre 2026 les contr&#244;les &#224; ses fronti&#232;res internes, r&#233;introduits en septembre 2024 et pr&#233;sent&#233;s comme un &#233;l&#233;ment important de la r&#233;organisation de la politique migratoire du pays.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si la libre circulation est le principe fondateur de l'espace Schengen, le Code fronti&#232;res Schengen (CFS) autorise depuis 2024 le r&#233;tablissement temporaire des contr&#244;les int&#233;rieurs pour une dur&#233;e maximale de six mois, sauf en cas de menace grave pour l'ordre public ou pour la s&#233;curit&#233; nationale, ce qui justifierait une prolongation jusqu'&#224; deux ans&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;R&#232;glement (UE) 2016/399, code fronti&#232;res Schengen.&#034; id=&#034;nh6-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Depuis lors, dix &#201;tats ont r&#233;tabli des contr&#244;les aux fronti&#232;res : la France (qui avait d&#233;j&#224; r&#233;introduit de tels contr&#244;les de facto depuis 2015), la Pologne, la Su&#232;de, l'Autriche, la Norv&#232;ge, le Danemark, les Pays-Bas, l'Italie, l'Allemagne et la Slov&#233;nie.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Avec l'arriv&#233;e de Friedrich Merz au gouvernement et l'adoption d'une politique migratoire plus r&#233;pressive, les fronti&#232;res allemandes sont de plus en plus militaris&#233;es et plusieurs cas de renvois vers des pays comme l'Afghanistan ou le Pakistan ont &#233;t&#233; document&#233;s. Malgr&#233; les d&#233;cisions des tribunaux nationaux&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Euractiv, &#171; Allemagne : un tribunal juge ill&#233;gaux les (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; et les signalements des organisation de d&#233;fense de droits humains&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens les Rapports 2024 de Amnesty International et de Human (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, le gouvernement n'a pas chang&#233; d'approche, invoquant la n&#233;cessit&#233; de &#171; contenir les menaces &#224; l'ordre et &#224; la s&#233;curit&#233; &#187; repr&#233;sent&#233;es par une immigration dite &#171; incontr&#244;l&#233;e &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir InfoMigrants, &#171; Germany to extend border checks by six months &#187;, 17 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. L'Allemagne &#233;tablit ainsi un lien de causalit&#233; entre migration et criminalit&#233;, alors qu'aucune corr&#233;lation directe entre les deux n'a pu &#234;tre prouv&#233;e. Il s'agirait plut&#244;t d'une perception biais&#233;e, qui s'expliquerait par exemple par la surrepr&#233;sentation des migrant&#183;e&#183;s dans certaines statistiques officielles et une plus grande visibilit&#233; m&#233;diatique des infractions commises par le migrant&#183;e&#183;s par rapport &#224; celles commises par les nationaux&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Centre d'&#233;tudes prospectives et d'informations (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Cette corr&#233;lation est n&#233;anmoins r&#233;guli&#232;rement instrumentalis&#233;e dans le d&#233;bat public pour justifier de graves atteintes aux droits des personnes exil&#233;es, telles que refoulements et discrimination au faci&#232;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70091/lallemagne-expulse-20-criminels-afghans-vers-kaboul&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;L'Allemagne expulse 20 criminels afghans vers Kaboul &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 27 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 26 f&#233;vrier, l'Allemagne a proc&#233;d&#233; a une expulsion directe vers l'Afghanistan de 20 ressortissants afghans ayant &#233;t&#233; condamn&#233;s par la justice. En 2024, le gouvernement d'Olaf Scholz avait d&#233;j&#224; expuls&#233; des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s afghan&#183;e&#183;s condamn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s, mais via le Qatar, qui se chargeait d'organiser leur renvoi &#224; Kaboul. C'est la premi&#232;re fois, depuis la prise de pouvoir des talibans en 2021, qu'un &#201;tat membre de l'UE proc&#232;de &#224; une expulsion directe vers l'Afghanistan, via un arrangement conclu en 2025 entre le gouvernement allemand et les talibans.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cet accord informel viole le principe de non-refoulement et cr&#233;e un pr&#233;c&#233;dent dangereux. Il s'inscrit dans une tentative plus large de plusieurs &#201;tats europ&#233;ens de pousser l'UE &#224; coordonner une strat&#233;gie d'expulsions directes vers l'Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment EuroNews, &#171; Nineteen EU countries and Norway demand measures (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Une tentative qui pourrait bien r&#233;ussir, la Commission europ&#233;enne ayant entam&#233; depuis quelques mois des n&#233;gociations avec les talibans en mati&#232;re de &#171; retours &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment InfoMigrants &#171; Expulsions d'Afghans depuis l'UE : la (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Ces pratiques risquent de normaliser les relations avec un pays que le Haut-Commissariat aux droits de l'homme a qualifi&#233; de &#171; cimeti&#232;re des droits humains &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chypre&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/https:/www.infomigrants.net/en/post/69874/cyprus-intensifies-migration-enforcement-operations&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cyprus intensifies migration enforcement operations&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 17 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis mi-d&#233;cembre, les op&#233;rations polici&#232;res &#224; Chypre visant &#224; d&#233;tecter les migrant&#183;e&#183;s sans droit au s&#233;jour se sont intensifi&#233;es. Selon les autorit&#233;s, 160 personnes ont &#233;t&#233; expuls&#233;es et 480 ont effectu&#233; des retours dits &#171; volontaires &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chypre assure actuellement la pr&#233;sidence de six mois du Conseil de l'UE et sa priorit&#233; actuelle est de d&#233;montrer sa performance en mati&#232;re de gestion des fronti&#232;res. Cette politique s'inscrit dans le contexte de sa candidature &#224; rejoindre l'espace Schengen, pr&#233;vue plus tard en 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chypre a d&#233;j&#224; &#233;t&#233; plusieurs fois accus&#233;e et reconnue coupable de violations des droits des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s (notamment des refoulements de demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile syrien&#183;ne&#183;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir Migreurop, &#171; Revue de Presse de mars 2025 &#187;, 1 avril 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh6-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;), mais ces d&#233;cisions n'ont eu aucun effet : bien au contraire, la partie Sud de l'&#238;le continue de b&#233;n&#233;ficier du soutien de l'UE dans ses politiques migratoires attentatoires aux droits&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment les programmes de soutien financier de l'UE pour la gestion (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Espagne&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Telquel Maroc,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://telquel.ma/instant-t/2026/02/04/sur-cnn-pedro-sanchez-salue-lefficacite-de-la-cooperation-migratoire-avec-le-maroc_1973907/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#171; Sur CNN, Pedro S&#225;nchez salue l'efficacit&#233; de la coop&#233;ration migratoire avec le Maroc &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 4 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Premier ministre espagnol Pedro S&#225;nchez a d&#233;clar&#233; lors d'un entretien &#224; la CNN que la coop&#233;ration avec le Maroc a fortement r&#233;duit l'immigration dite &#171; irr&#233;guli&#232;re &#187; vers l'Espagne, qualifiant ce partenariat bilat&#233;ral essentiel pour la gestion des mouvements migratoires.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette d&#233;claration intervient apr&#232;s la r&#233;gularisation annonc&#233;e de 500 000 personnes exil&#233;es en Espagne et l'opposition explicite de S&#225;nchez &#224; la cr&#233;ation de &#171; centres de retour &#187; hors des fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes pour les demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile d&#233;bout&#233;&#183;e&#183;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir Migreurop, &#171; Revue de Presse de janvier 2026 &#187;, 29 janvier 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh6-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans les faits pourtant, ce pays externalise syst&#233;matiquement la gestion de ses fronti&#232;res, en la confiant notamment au Maroc et &#224; la Mauritanie&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; Route des Canaries : chute de plus de 60% (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Agissant dans le sillage de l'UE et de ses &#201;tats membres, l'Espagne porte une responsabilit&#233; dans les violations des droits humains envers les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s dans ces pays, largement document&#233;es dans plusieurs rapports&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet : Human Rights Watch, &#171; Mauritanie : Des ann&#233;es d'abus li&#233;s (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il Post, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/02/11/governo-approva-ddl-accoglienza-migranti/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Il governo ha approvato un disegno di legge che limita l'accoglienza dei migranti&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 11 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Internazionale, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.internazionale.it/notizie/annalisa-camilli/2026/02/17/blocco-navale-immigrazione&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il blocco navale che non &#232; un blocco navale &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 17 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 11 f&#233;vrier, le gouvernement italien a approuv&#233; un projet de loi sur l'immigration introduisant de nouvelles mesures restrictives en application anticip&#233;e du Pacte de l'Union europ&#233;enne sur la migration et l'asile. Le texte pr&#233;voit, entre autres, un &#8220;blocus naval&#8221; jusqu'&#224; six mois pour de raisons de s&#233;curit&#233; d&#233;finies de mani&#232;re vague, avec des lourdes amendes et la confiscation du navire en cas de non-respect de l'interdiction de navigation dans les eaux territoriales italiennes. D'ailleurs, les migrant&#183;e&#183;s &#224; bord pourront &#234;tre transf&#233;r&#233;&#183;e&#183;s vers des pays dits tiers autres que les pays d'origine, avec lesquels l'Italie aurait conclu des accords formels ou informels. Parmi les autres mesures pr&#233;vues, figurent des proc&#233;dures d'expulsion facilit&#233;s, des crit&#232;res plus stricts en mati&#232;re de regroupement familial et de protection subsidiaire, ainsi qu'une r&#233;duction des garanties accord&#233;es aux mineur&#183;e&#183;s non accompagn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce projet de loi contrevient aux obligations internationales en mati&#232;re d'asile et de sauvetage en mer, et risque d'entra&#238;ner des refoulements collectifs aux fronti&#232;res et en haute mer. Dans le sillage des r&#233;cents textes europ&#233;ens sur le concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;, ce projet expose les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; de graves violations des droits humains, notamment quant &#224; l'examen individuel de leur demande d'asile. Soutenu par l'Union europ&#233;enne, le gouvernement italien continue de se d&#233;fausser de ses responsabilit&#233;s en mati&#232;re d'accueil et de protection, et de syst&#233;matiser la criminalisation des migrant&#183;e&#183;s et des organisations solidaires&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir sur le site de SOS M&#233;diterran&#233;e la d&#233;claration commune contre le projet (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/69959/a-18-ans-ils-perdent-le-droit-de-rester-dans-le-pays--vive-emotion-en-suede-autour-des-expulsions-dadolescents-etrangers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#192; 18 ans, ils perdent le droit de rester dans le pays' : vive &#233;motion en Su&#232;de autour des expulsions d'adolescents &#233;trangers &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 20 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En Su&#232;de, de nombreux&#183;se&#183;s jeunes exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s sont expuls&#233;&#183;e&#183;s apr&#232;s avoir atteint la majorit&#233;. Une r&#233;forme adopt&#233;e en 2016 pr&#233;voit que les jeunes qui atteignent l'&#226;ge de 18 ans avant d'obtenir le statut de r&#233;sident&#183;e permanent&#183;e ne sont plus consid&#233;r&#233;&#183;e&#183;s comme faisant partie de la cellule familiale de leurs parents. Ils et elles ne peuvent d&#232;s lors plus b&#233;n&#233;ficier du regroupement familial et sont priv&#233;&#183;e&#183;s du droit au s&#233;jour.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les cas d'expulsion de ces jeunes vers des pays &#171; d'origine &#187;, avec lesquels ils et elles n'ont en r&#233;alit&#233; que peu, voire aucun, lien effectif, se multiplient dans le contexte actuel du durcissement des politiques migratoire su&#233;doises&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Consulter les sections relatives &#224; la Su&#232;de dans Migreurop, &#171; Revue de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le statut de r&#233;sident&#183;e permanent&#183;e est de plus en plus difficile &#224; obtenir par les mineur&#183;e&#183;s : les dossiers de regroupement familial sont souvent trait&#233;s avec des d&#233;lais qui entra&#238;nent la perte de protection pour certains jeunes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet le communiqu&#233; de presse de Human Rights Watch, &#171; Sweden (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Les garanties pour les familles sont affaiblies, et la Su&#232;de bafoue ses obligations internationales relatives au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale et de l'int&#233;r&#234;t sup&#233;rieur de l'enfant.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2026/feb/05/home-office-60000-deported-removed-since-2024-election-migration&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Home Office says nearly 60,000 people deported from UK or left voluntarily since 2024 election&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 5 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le gouvernement du Royaume-Uni affirme avoir expuls&#233; 60 000 criminels et migrant&#183;e&#183;s sans droit au s&#233;jour depuis l'arriv&#233;e au pouvoir des travaillistes (juillet 2024). La r&#233;cente augmentation des expulsions r&#233;sulterait, selon certain&#183;e&#183;s, d'une tentative d&#233;sesp&#233;r&#233;e de contrer l'extr&#234;me droite (Reform UK devan&#231;ant les travaillistes dans les r&#233;cents sondages), par le biais d'une rh&#233;torique populiste et criminalisante. Dans ce sillage, le Royaume-Uni a annonc&#233; plusieurs fois de vouloir introduire dans sa l&#233;gislation des mesures visant &#224; limiter les recours contre les expulsions &#224;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
travers le contournement de l'application de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme (CEDH). Notamment, via de lois visant &#224; restreindre l'interpr&#233;tation des articles&#8239;3 (interdiction des traitements inhumains ou d&#233;gradants) - qui ne souffre pourtant aucune exception&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;G&#228;fgen c. Allemagne [GC], no 22978/05%7D], &#167; 107, CEDH 2010&#034; id=&#034;nh6-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; - et&#8239;8 (droit au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale).&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir The Guardian, &#171; What does UK want to change about human rights law &#8211; (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Parmi les mesures de la r&#233;forme de l'asile entr&#233;es en vigueur d&#233;but mars, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le pays figure parmi ceux ayant sign&#233; en 2025 une lettre ouverte&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; conjoint de 27 pays europ&#233;ens pour une (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; appelant &#224; une interpr&#233;tation plus restrictive de ces deux articles, ce qui pourrait permettre l'expulsion des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s m&#234;me en cas de renvois dangereux&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens The Guardian, &#171; UK joins call for Europe's human rights laws (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le Royaume-Uni rejoint ainsi les &#201;tats qui remettent en cause le droit international, ou cherchent &#224; l'adapter pour le subordonner &#224; l'id&#233;ologie anti-migratoire dominante.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde,&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;&#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/02/10/le-parlement-europeen-adopte-definitivement-deux-textes-cles-pour-durcir-la-politique-migratoire_6666154_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Parlement europ&#233;en adopte d&#233;finitivement deux textes-cl&#233;s pour durcir la &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;politique migratoire&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 10 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 10 f&#233;vrier, le Parlement europ&#233;en a adopt&#233; deux textes sur le concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;, gr&#226;ce &#224; une alliance de la droite et de l'extr&#234;me droite. Le premier &#233;tablit une liste commune de pays d'origine consid&#233;r&#233;s comme &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;, incluant la Tunisie, le Maroc, la Colombie, le Kosovo, l'&#201;gypte, l'Inde et le Bangladesh. Les &#201;tats membres devront appliquer des proc&#233;dures acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;es pour examiner les demandes d'asile des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s de ces pays, en partant du principe qu'ils et elles n'ont a priori pas besoin de protection. Le second texte, relatif aux &#171; pays tiers s&#251;rs &#187;, permet de d&#233;clarer irrecevable toute demande d'asile des personnes ayant transit&#233; par l'un de ces pays et de l'y expulser.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pourtant, dans ces pays consid&#233;r&#233;s comme &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; par l'UE des violations syst&#233;matiques des droits humains ont &#233;t&#233; largement document&#233;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet EuroMed Droits &#171; Arr&#234;tez de consid&#233;rer l'&#201;gypte, la Tunisie (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Par ailleurs, nul ne peut garantir qu'un pays soit s&#251;r pour l'ensemble de ses ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'UE se d&#233;fausse ainsi de ses responsabilit&#233;s en mati&#232;re d'asile, mettant en place un syst&#232;me punitif d'expulsions massives et syst&#233;matisant la violation du principe de non-refoulement et du droit &#224; un examen individuel des demandes d'asile.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le R&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/feb/16/eu-deportations-plan-ice-style-enforcement-rights-groups-warn&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;EU's deportations plan risks ICE-style enforcement, rights groups warn&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 16 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'UE n&#233;gocie actuellement le &#171; R&#232;glement retour &#187;, qui vise &#224; remplacer la Directive retour de 2008, qui est le cadre de d&#233;tention et d'expulsion au sein de l'UE, qui viserait entre autres &#224; &#233;tendre et normaliser les rafles et les mesures de surveillance dans les &#201;tats membres. Ceux-ci seraient tenus de &#171; d&#233;tecter &#187; les personnes sans droit au s&#233;jour, transformant ainsi les espaces du quotidien et les services publics en outils de contr&#244;le, &#224; l'image de l'ICE aux &#201;tats-Unis (l&lt;i&gt;'Immigration and Customs Enforcement)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;ICE : agence am&#233;ricaine charg&#233;e de l'immigration et du contr&#244;le des douanes, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Plus de 80 associations ont sign&#233; une d&#233;claration alertant que ce r&#232;glement &#171; consoliderait un syst&#232;me punitif, aliment&#233; par la rh&#233;torique d'extr&#234;me droite et fond&#233; sur la suspicion racialis&#233;e, la d&#233;nonciation, la d&#233;tention et l'expulsion &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir sur le site de PICUM le communiqu&#233; conjoint &#171; No to EU law enabling (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le projet de R&#232;glement retour d&#233;coule d'une proposition de la Commission europ&#233;enne de mars 2025. Il a &#233;t&#233; approuv&#233; dans une version plus r&#233;pressive le 9 mars par la Commission des libert&#233;s civiles, de la justice et des affaires int&#233;rieures (LIBE) du Parlement europ&#233;en, sous l'impulsion d'une alliance entre la droite et l'extr&#234;me droite, et sera vot&#233; en pl&#233;ni&#232;re dans les prochaines jours. Parmi les mesures propos&#233;es figurent l'&#233;largissement des moyens coercitifs, la facilitation des expulsions forc&#233;es et la l&#233;galisation des pratiques d'externalisation. Une &#233;ni&#232;me atteinte aux droits des personnes exil&#233;es et &#224; l'ordre d&#233;mocratique europ&#233;en.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_5910 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;30&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/revue_de_presse_fevrier_2026_-_fr_.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 283.3 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/2-6-40d28.png?1773160177' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Revue de presse f&#233;vrier 2026
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens le communiqu&#233; de presse de Amnesty International &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.fr/communiques/egypte-des-personnes-refugiees-vivent-cachees-en-raison-des-arrestations-arbitraires-et-des-expulsions-illegales-menees-dans-un-contexte-de-repression/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#201;gypte. Des personnes r&#233;fugi&#233;es vivent cach&#233;es en raison des arrestations arbitraires et des expulsions ill&#233;gales men&#233;es dans un contexte de r&#233;pression&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 16 f&#233;vrier 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment EuroNews, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/10/22/bruxelles-va-annoncer-une-aide-financiere-de-75-millions-deuros-au-caire&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Bruxelles va annoncer une aide financi&#232;re de 75 millions d'euros au Caire&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 22 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment : Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.fr/communiques/union-europeenne-ladoption-de-regles-sur-les-pays-surs-est-une-nouvelle-attaque-contre-le-droit-dasile/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Union europ&#233;enne. L'adoption de r&#232;gles sur les pays s&#251;rs est une nouvelle attaque contre le droit d'asile&lt;/a&gt; &#187; , 11 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens l'action collective, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3395.html&#034;&gt;Manifesto. Voluntary humanitarian refusal : a choice you cannot refuse&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 1 avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens la fiche d'information du r&#233;seau EuroMed Droits, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/tunisia-infosheet-fr.pdf&#034;&gt;&#171; S&#251;r sur le papier, dangereux dans la r&#233;alit&#233; : La Tunisie et la politique de retour de l'UE &#187;&lt;/a&gt;, 20 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Plein Droit n&#176; 125 du Gisti, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?article6468&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La Tunisie, terre d'accueil&#8230; des politiques europ&#233;ennes&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, juin 2020 ; Avocats Sans Fronti&#232;res &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://asf.be/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/ASF_Italie-Tunisie_FR.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Accords migratoires Italie-Tunisie : co&#251;ts humains et d&#233;rives s&#233;curitaires&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, rapport, 11 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;R&#232;glement (UE) &lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/399/oj?locale=fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;2016/399&lt;/a&gt;, code fronti&#232;res Schengen.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Euractiv, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/allemagne-un-tribunal-juge-illegaux-les-refoulements-de-demandeurs-dasile-a-la-frontiere/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Allemagne : un tribunal juge ill&#233;gaux les refoulements de demandeurs d'asile &#224; la fronti&#232;re &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 2 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens les Rapports 2024 de &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/europe-and-central-asia/western-central-and-south-eastern-europe/germany/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Amnesty International&lt;/a&gt; et de &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2025/country-chapters/germany&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Human Rights Watch&lt;/a&gt; sur la situation des droits humains en Allemagne&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/69883/germany-to-extend-border-checks-by-six-months&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Germany to extend border checks by six months&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 17 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Centre d'&#233;tudes prospectives et d'informations internationales (CEPII), &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cepii.fr/PDF_PUB/lettre/2023/let436.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Immigration et d&#233;linquance : r&#233;alit&#233;s et perceptions&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, avril 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment EuroNews, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/10/18/nineteen-eu-countries-and-norway-demand-measures-to-return-afghans-either-voluntarily-or-f&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Nineteen EU countries and Norway demand measures to return Afghans either voluntarily or forcibly &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 18 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment InfoMigrants &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/67635/expulsions-dafghans-depuis-lue--la-commission-europeenne-annonce-discuter-avec-les-taliban&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Expulsions d'Afghans depuis l'UE : la Commission europ&#233;enne annonce discuter avec les Taliban&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 21 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3402.html&#034;&gt;Revue de Presse de mars 2025 &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 1 avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment les &lt;a href=&#034;https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/migration-management-cyprus/financial-support-eu_en&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;programmes de soutien financier de l'UE&lt;/a&gt; pour la gestion des migrations &#224; Chypre&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3536.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Revue de Presse de janvier 2026&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 29 janvier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/69028/route-des-canaries--chute-de-plus-de-60-des-arrivees-de-migrants-dans-larchipel-espagnol-en-2025&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Route des Canaries : chute de plus de 60% des arriv&#233;es de migrants dans l'archipel espagnol en 2025 &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 5 janvier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet : Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2025/08/27/mauritanie-des-annees-dabus-lies-aux-controles-des-migrations&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritanie : Des ann&#233;es d'abus li&#233;s aux contr&#244;les des migrations&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 27 ao&#251;t 2025 ; ASGI &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.asgi.it/en/publication/morocco-border-policies-at-the-root-of-forced-disappearances-and-human-rights-violations/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Morocco : Border policies at the root of forced disappearances and human rights violations&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 14 avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir sur le site de SOS M&#233;diterran&#233;e la d&#233;claration commune contre le projet de loi &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://sosmediterranee.fr/communiques-et-declarations/declaration-commune-pays-dits-surs-et-blocus-naval-le-gouvernement-italien-sattaque-aux-ong-de-sauvetage-en-mer/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Pays dits &#8220;s&#251;rs&#8221; et &#8220;blocus naval&#8221; : le gouvernement italien s'attaque aux ONG de sauvetage en mer et aux droits des personnes migrantes&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 12 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Consulter les sections relatives &#224; la Su&#232;de dans Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3531.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Revue de presse 2025&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 1 janvier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet le communiqu&#233; de presse de Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/02/19/sweden-deporting-young-people&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Sweden Deporting Young People &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 19 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;G&#228;fgen c. Allemagne [GC], no &lt;a href=&#034;https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#%7B%22appno%22:[%2222978/05%22&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;22978/05&lt;/a&gt;%7D], &#167; 107, CEDH 2010&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir The Guardian, &#171; What does UK want to change about human rights law &#8211; and will it happen ? &#187;, 10 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Parmi les mesures de la r&#233;forme de l'asile entr&#233;es en vigueur d&#233;but mars, ces lois ne figurent pourtant pas&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; conjoint de 27 pays europ&#233;ens pour une interpr&#233;tation plus restrictive des articles 3 et 8 de la CEDH, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-to-the-conference-of-ministers-of-justice-of-the-council-of-europe&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Joint Statement to the Conference of Ministers of Justice of the Council of Europe&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 10 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens The Guardian, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/dec/10/uk-joins-call-for-europes-human-rights-laws-to-be-constrained&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;UK joins call for Europe's human rights laws to be &#8216;constrained'&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 10 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet EuroMed Droits &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://euromedrights.org/fr/publication/arretez-de-considerer-legypte-la-tunisie-et-le-maroc-comme-des-pays-surs/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Arr&#234;tez de consid&#233;rer l'&#201;gypte, la Tunisie et le Maroc comme des pays &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; ! &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 16 avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;ICE : agence am&#233;ricaine charg&#233;e de l'immigration et du contr&#244;le des douanes, connue pour ses pratiques coercitives et ses raids intimidants contre les personnes migrantes&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir sur le site de PICUM le communiqu&#233; conjoint &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://picum.org/blog/no-to-eu-law-enabling-home-raids-policing-of-public-services-and-racial-profiling/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;No to EU law enabling home raids, policing of public services and racial profiling&lt;/a&gt; &#187;,11 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Mission volontariat &#224; Trieste (Italie) Migreurop/Melting Pot - mars-ao&#251;t 2025</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3504.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3504.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-01-06T11:33:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Italie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Slov&#233;nie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Criminalisation des solidarit&#233;s</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Arianna Locatelli est partie comme volontaire pour le compte de Migreurop et de Melting Pot, en partenariat avec No Name Kitchen et ICS, entre mars et ao&#251;t 2025, &#224; Triste en Italie, o&#249; elle a pass&#233; 6 mois sur le terrain &#224; investiguer &#224; cette fronti&#232;re la criminalisation de la migration et de sa facilitation, avec un focus sur la criminalisation des conducteurs de camions/voitures. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Elle revient avec beaucoup de mat&#233;riel sur ce terrain peu explor&#233; : une fiche sur la fronti&#232;re italo-slov&#232;ne, (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique460.html" rel="directory"&gt;Travaux des volontaires&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;Italie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot48.html" rel="tag"&gt;Slov&#233;nie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot172.html" rel="tag"&gt;Criminalisation des solidarit&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/IMG/logo/6943d69eebb6f80000000064.png.bmp?1766053825' class=&#034;spip_logo spip_logo_right&#034; width='101' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Arianna Locatelli est partie comme volontaire pour le compte de Migreurop et de &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.meltingpot.org/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Melting Pot&lt;/a&gt;, en partenariat avec &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.nonamekitchen.org/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;No Name Kitchen&lt;/a&gt; et &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.icsufficiorifugiati.org/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;ICS&lt;/a&gt;, entre mars et ao&#251;t 2025, &#224; Triste en Italie, o&#249; elle a pass&#233; 6 mois sur le terrain &#224; investiguer &#224; cette fronti&#232;re la criminalisation de la migration et de sa facilitation, avec un focus sur la criminalisation des conducteurs de camions/voitures.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Elle revient avec beaucoup de mat&#233;riel sur ce terrain peu explor&#233; : &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/fiche_frontiere_fra_arianna_locatelli_ok.pdf&#034;&gt;une fiche sur la fronti&#232;re italo-slov&#232;ne&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/fiche_thematique_a__locatelli_conducteurs_vehicules_ok.pdf&#034;&gt;une fiche th&#233;matique sur la criminalisation des chauffeurs &#224; la fronti&#232;re italo-slov&#232;ne&lt;/a&gt;, ainsi que son &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/journal_de_bord_a__locatelli_trieste_2025_ok.pdf&#034;&gt;journal de bord&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_5740 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;31&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/fiche_frontiere_fra_arianna_locatelli_ok.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 461.9 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH279/capture_d_ecran_2025-12-18_120709-c7959.png?1766057664' width='500' height='279' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fiche fronti&#232;re italo-slov&#232;ne
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class='spip_document_5744 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;85&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;xx&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/fiche_thematique_a__locatelli_conducteurs_vehicules_ok.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 692.4 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH281/capture_d_ecran_2025-12-18_120558-bbc04.png?1766057664' width='500' height='281' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fiche th&#233;matique sur la criminalisation des chauffeurs &#224; la fronti&#232;re italo-slov&#232;ne
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class='spip_document_5742 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;57&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;x&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/journal_de_bord_a__locatelli_trieste_2025_ok.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 2.1 Mio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH278/capture_d_ecran_2025-12-18_120636-9123f.png?1766057664' width='500' height='278' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Journal de Bord - Arianna Locatelli
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_credits '&gt;&#169; Arianna Locatelli
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Statement from 32 associations in support of ASGI: justice is not a &#8220;system,&#8221; it is a right for all.</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3510.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3510.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-12-20T16:37:44Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Following accusations made on 12 December 2025 against the Italian Association for Juridical Studies on Migration (ASGI) by the Italian newspaper Il Giornale and MP Sara Kelany of the Fratelli d'Italia party, ASGI issued a statement reiterating the essential role played by associations in any state governed by the rule of law. Migreurop endorses this statement and offers its full support to ASGI, a member of Migreurop network, sharing its concern about the proliferation of media and (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique471.html" rel="directory"&gt;Collective actions&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/logo-asgi-square-1-2-2-1132a.png?1766248867' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Following accusations made on 12 December 2025 against the Italian Association for Juridical Studies on Migration (ASGI) by the Italian newspaper Il Giornale and MP Sara Kelany of the Fratelli d'Italia party, ASGI issued a statement reiterating the essential role played by associations in any state governed by the rule of law. Migreurop endorses this statement and offers its full support to ASGI, a member of Migreurop network, sharing its concern about the proliferation of media and political campaigns led by the far right that seek to attack the work of lawyers working to defend the rights of foreign nationals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is a political mindset that views the law as an obstacle, lawyers and rights organisations as a nuisance, and the judiciary as an enemy to be taken down whenever a decision made in the name of the law displeases those in power.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These attacks now target anyone who, in various capacities, protects people's rights, but with particular intensity when those rights concern foreigners. This attack on the judiciary is linked to the issue of immigration, which is used as a constant propaganda tool. A media campaign has been launched against associations of lawyers specialising in immigration and asylum law and their members responsible for reception, attacking magistrates guilty of invalidating government measures deemed contrary to national and European laws. This campaign never addresses the substance of the issue or the contested law, but merely pits the constitutional powers of the state against each other, demanding the primacy of governmental power. These attacks therefore target not only the individuals named, but also the very heart of the institutions and the separation of powers enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The objectives are multiple but convergent: human rights organisations are perceived as enemies, the issue of migration is exploited as a threat to national security, and the judiciary is designated as the ultimate enemy because it interferes in political decisions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We are alarmed by these media and political campaigns because they propose a model of society and a legal system that, above all, violate the Constitution, while establishing a hierarchical social order in which the most disadvantaged are pitted against others.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Faced with this scenario, which is intensifying and becoming increasingly violent, we believe it is our duty to remind everyone that in any state governed by the rule of law, such as Italy, associations that intervene in the courts or in public with all legal practitioners are instruments of justice, regardless of their political affiliation. The issue of migration is a social reality which, like any other, must be managed in accordance with constitutional and international values. The judiciary is neither an ally nor an enemy, but an institution subject only to the law, in accordance with the Constitution, and independent of any other power. It therefore serves only justice, and certainly not the power or political majority of the moment, as the guarantor of the rights of all.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our commitment aims to reaffirm that the policies of the majority, which alternate in a democracy, are only legitimate within the limits set by the Constitution.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='cs_blocs'&gt;&lt;h4 class='blocs_titre blocs_replie blocs_click'&gt;&lt;a href='#_foo'&gt;First signatories&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;div class='blocs_destination blocs_invisible blocs_slide'&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Associazione Studi Giuridici sull'Immigrazione (ASGI)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Antigone&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Giuristi Democratici&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Coordinamento Nazionale Comunit&#224; Accoglienti (CNCA)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Refugees Welcome Italia&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Comma 2 - Lavoro &#232; dignit&#224;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Lungo la rotta balcanica&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Ciac Impresa sociale ETS&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
A Buon Diritto&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Oxfam Italia&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Casa di Amadou&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Lunaria Aps&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
COSPE&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
ARCI&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
NAGA&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
CIR-Consiglio Italiano per i Rifugiati - ets&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
ActionAid International Italia ETS&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Europasilo - Rete Nazionale per il Diritto di Asilo&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Movimento di cooperazione educativa &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Fondazione Cav. Guido Gini &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Babele APS&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Donne in Strada APS&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Psicologi nel mondo - Torino ODV ETS&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
C.I.S.M. Spinea ODV&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Associazione don Vincenzo Matrangolo ETS&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Associazione Mondragone Bene Comune&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Centro Sociale ex Canapificio&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Comitato ARCI Valle D'Aosta &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Movimento Omosessuale Sardo ODV&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Comunit&#224; Emmaus Ferrara odv&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Recosol - Rete delle Comunit&#224; Solidali&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Migreurop&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press Review November 2025</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3498.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3498.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-12-10T14:47:24Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Mauritania</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Greece</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Mauritania El Diario, &#8220;La UE abre en Mauritania, con la colaboraci&#243;n de Espa&#241;a, dos c&#225;rceles para migrantes inspiradas en los campamentos policiales de Canarias&#8221;, 6 November 2025. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
On 17 October 2025, two new &#8220;temporary reception centres for foreigners&#8221; were inaugurated in Mauritania, in Nouakchott and Nouadhibou. These facilities were funded and built by the European Union with the support of the Foundation for the Internationalisation of Public Administrations (FIAP), following the model (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot23.html" rel="tag"&gt;Mauritania&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/13-2-62382.png?1765378183' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Mauritania&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Mauritania&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisia&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italy&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Greece&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Frontex&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;The solidarity mechanism&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;The solidarity mechanism&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Mauritania&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; El Diario, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.eldiario.es/canariasahora/migraciones/gobierno-espana-abre-mauritania-carceles-migrantes-inspiradas-campamentos-policiales-canarias_1_12745595.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La UE abre en Mauritania, con la colaboraci&#243;n de Espa&#241;a, dos c&#225;rceles para migrantes inspiradas en los campamentos policiales de Canarias&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 6 November 2025.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 17 October 2025, two new &#8220;temporary reception centres for foreigners&#8221; were inaugurated in Mauritania, in Nouakchott and Nouadhibou. These facilities were funded and built by the European Union with the support of the Foundation for the Internationalisation of Public Administrations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;To learn more about the role of this Spanish cooperation agency.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; (FIAP), following the model of the &#8220;Centros de Acogida Temporal de Extranjeros&#8221;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#8220;Temporary detention centers for foreigners&#8221;&#034; id=&#034;nh7-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; (CATE) in the Canary Islands. Their opening forms part of the migration partnership concluded in 2024 with the European Union to &#8220;reduce departures towards Europe&#8221;. Officially, people arrested may be held there for up to 72 hours for &#8220;identification interviews&#8221;. However, an investigation by &lt;i&gt;porCausa&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;El Salto&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard, &#8220;El Gobierno de Espa&#241;a abre dos c&#225;rceles de migrantes en (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt; warns of the risk that these centres may operate as detention sites, a claim which the European Union denies&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See thepress release from the European Union Delegation in Mauritania.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By delegating to an authoritarian regime&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular,the statement of the Association Mauritanienne des Droits (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; the management, detention and sorting of people on the move, the European Union deliberately places itself outside &#8220;the control mechanisms&#8221; that apply on its own territory. The construction of these centres highlights the responsibility of a Union that continues to externalise its borders at any cost, in this instance in a country where serious human rights violations are thoroughly documented&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard, the report by the. NGO Human Rights Watch, &#171; Mauritanie (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In addition, a report published this month on the CATE in the Canary Islands highlights the failure to comply with international standards, both regarding infrastructure and access to information or the effective possibility of applying for asylum&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the report by Novact and Iridia, &#171;Abandono y violencia institucional (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. The new centres in Nouakchott and Nouadhibou, directly inspired by them, risk in turn becoming links in yet another system of invisibilisation and forced return.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Tunisia&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2025/11/06/tunisie-les-migrants-confrontes-a-des-violations-generalisees-de-leurs-droits-humains-denonce-amnesty-qui-critique-l-europe_6652390_3212.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisie : les migrants confront&#233;s &#224; des &#171; violations g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233;es &#187; de leurs droits humains, d&#233;nonce Amnesty, qui critique l'Europe&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 6 November 2025.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In a report published on 6 November 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Amnesty International, &#171; Tunisie : &#171; Personne ne vous entend quand vous (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, Amnesty International documents, on the basis of more than a hundred testimonies gathered between 2023 and 2025, the violations committed in Tunisia against people on the move. The report describes a migration policy based on racist practices, beatings, torture, sexual violence and dangerous, unlawful and violent interceptions at sea by the Tunisian National Guard. Amnesty condemns the passivity and cynicism of the European Union and highlights its responsibility under the memorandum of understanding concluded with Tunis in July 2023 to &#8220;prevent departures towards Europe&#8221;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Despite massive and well-documented human rights violations in Tunisia&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular, &#171;La Tunisie n'est pas un lieu s&#251;r pour les personnes (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, the European Union and its Member States have not ended their cooperation with the authoritarian and repressive government of Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed, prioritising restrictions on mobility over respect for the rule of law. By externalising the management of migration to Tunisia while closing their eyes to the widespread violations of the rights of people on the move in the country, the European Union incurs responsibility.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Italy&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; InfoMigrants, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/68411/explainer-italys-20262028-flow-decree-decreto-flussi&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Explainer: Italy's 2026-2028 'Flow Decree' (Decreto Flussi)&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 28 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Italian Parliament definitively adopted on 26 November the &#8220;Flow Decree&#8221; for 2026&#8211;2028, which sets quotas for the admission of foreign workers for the next three years. It provides for the allocation of nearly 500,000 work permits, with specific quotas reserved for countries considered Italy's &#8220;migration partners&#8221;. The procedures are fully digital and rely on a calendar of &#8220;click days&#8221; that determine when employers may lodge applications.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This decree establishes a system of exploitation of foreign workers, based on a utilitarian vision of migration. Under the guise of a controlled &#8220;opening&#8221; of borders, it organises the dependence of foreign workers on their employers and makes any right to stay conditional on precarious contracts, thus creating a workforce that is easily replaceable and easily expellable. At the same time Italy is also attacking the right to family reunification, preventing workers from settling permanently with their families and living in dignity. The IDOS Study and Research Centre revealed in its 2025 Statistical Report on Immigration&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard,DOSSIER STATISTICO IMMIGRAZIONE 2025 .&#034; id=&#034;nh7-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, that Italy's &#8220;flow decrees&#8221; favour the exploitation of foreign workers and human trafficking&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular, Melting Pot, &#8220;I decreti flussi favoriscono lo (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Rfi, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/europe/20251114-italie-albanie-la-question-migratoire-au-coeur-du-premier-sommet-intergouvernemental-entre-les-deux-pays&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Italie-Albanie: la question migratoire au c&#339;ur du premier sommet intergouvernemental entre les deux pays&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 14 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The first Italy&#8211;Albania intergovernmental summit was held in Rome on 13 November 2025. Beyond trade partnerships and Italy's support for Albania's accession to the European Union, the central issue was the implementation of the memorandum of understanding concluded in 2023, providing for the establishment in Albania of detention and removal centres under Italian jurisdiction. Although the initial agreement envisioned the processing of 36,000 people per year, the scheme has so far barely operated&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard, InfoMigrants, &#171; L'Italie a proc&#233;d&#233; &#224; sa premi&#232;re (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; due to objections from Italian&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Corriere della Sera, &#8220;Migranti, i giudici di Bologna rinviano alla Corte Ue (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; and European courts&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular,the Amnesty International press release.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The failure to implement the Italy&#8211;Albania protocol since 2023 shows that this structure rests on a structural violation of legal safeguards (absence of effective remedies and judicial oversight). Yet Giorgia Meloni insists the centres will operate as planned and will be fully functional when the European Pact on Migration and Asylum enters into force in June 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These centres represent a step forward in the European strategy of externalisation: not only asylum procedures and administrative detention but now expulsions themselves are delegated to non-EU states conveniently designated as &#8220;safe&#8221;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This requires altering current EU law by building new European legislation (the Pact, the concept of safe countries, the Return Regulation) that is less protective, allowing Member States to evade their international obligations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard, Migreurop, &#171; Protocole d'accord Italie/Albanie sur les (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;France&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2025/11/27/migrants-des-associations-demandent-a-la-justice-de-forcer-l-etat-a-ameliorer-les-conditions-de-vie-dans-les-camps-du-dunkerquois_6655058_3224.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrants : des associations demandent &#224; la justice de forcer l'Etat &#224; am&#233;liorer les conditions de vie dans les camps du Dunkerquois&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 27 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68225/nord-de-la-france--six-associations-attaquent-letat-en-justice-pour-non-respect-des-droits-humains-envers-les-migrants&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Nord de la France : six associations attaquent l'&#201;tat en justice pour 'non-respect des droits humains' envers les migrants&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 19 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Six organisations &#8212; Refugee Women's Centre, M&#233;decins du Monde, Utopia 56, Roots, Salam and Human Rights Observers &#8212; lodged an emergency application before the administrative court in Lille on 18 November. They denounce the &#8220;non-respect of human rights&#8221; suffered by more than 2,000 migrants living in precarious camps in the Dunkirk area and ask the court to recognise the &#8220;serious and unlawful&#8221; infringement of fundamental freedoms and order immediate and lasting measures: access to water, food, healthcare, accommodation, and information.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The situation in the Dunkirk area reflects a deliberate policy of non-reception designed to deter migration by making living conditions so intolerable that people on the move &#8220;give up&#8221; remaining on the coast. As early as 2017, the courts ordered the State to ensure minimum access to water and sanitation in camps in the Calais area&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Conseil d'&#201;tat, 6&#232;me chambre, 31/07/2017, n&#176;412125, Published in the Lebon (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. But as in Calais, these obligations are now ignored, and the French State denies people on the move the material conditions of dignified and adequate reception, exposing them to severe vulnerability.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Migrants survive only thanks to the work of organisations that alone compensate for the State's inaction and act as a defence against institutional violence.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Greece&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; InfoMigrants, &#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68087/la-grece-procede-aux-premiers-tests-osseux-sur-les-jeunes-migrants-affirmant-etre-mineurs&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La Gr&#232;ce proc&#232;de aux premiers tests osseux sur les jeunes migrants affirmant &#234;tre mineurs&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 12 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Ekathimerini, &#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1286431/greece-conducts-first-age-tests-on-migrants-claiming-to-be-minors/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Greece conducts first age tests on migrants claiming to be minors&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 11 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Greece has now generalised bone tests to determine the age of young migrants who declare themselves minors, following a ministerial decision adopted in August 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Greek City Times, &#171; Greece Introduces Medical Tests to Verify Asylum (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. This system requires a series of assessments &#8212; medical, psychosocial and radiographic of the wrist or left hand &#8212; to determine age. Where results diverge, the radiographic exam prevails. The Minister for Migration and Asylum, Thanos Plevris, has already welcomed the scheme, stating that more than 50% of those tested were declared to be adults.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The use of bone tests is not new in Greece or elsewhere in Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard,The Asylum Information Database,Country Report: Greece, 2020.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, but it is now openly assumed and normalised. Yet these methods are scientifically discredited because of their margin of error, sometimes of several years&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular,the observations of the UN Committee on the Rights of the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The European Economic and Social Committee has called for them to be &#8220;abandoned outright&#8221;, stressing that in the absence of reliable tools it is irresponsible to rely on methods known to be approximate&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the &#034;protection of (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By basing fundamental decisions &#8212; access to accommodation, protection, regular stay &#8212; on a tool deemed &#8220;as reliable as a crystal ball&#8221;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;La Croix, &#171; Le Conseil constitutionnel valide les tests osseux pour les (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, the Greek State effectively jeopardises the protection owed to unaccompanied minors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By choosing a cynical, scientifically dubious and politically opportunistic approach, Greece opens the way to their expulsion and disregards its obligations regarding the rights of the child and the best interests of the minor, to whom the benefit of the doubt is not given. In doing so, it incurs responsibility for violations of their rights, exposing them still further to trafficking, abuse, mistreatment and police violence&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the report of the United Nations Committee on the Rights (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/11/17/le-gouvernement-britannique-durcit-drastiquement-son-regime-d-asile_6653708_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Le gouvernement britannique durcit drastiquement son r&#233;gime d'asile&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 17 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68172/le-royaumeuni-reduit-la-protection-accordee-aux-refugies-dans-un-vaste-plan-antiimmigration&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Le Royaume-Uni r&#233;duit la protection accord&#233;e aux r&#233;fugi&#233;s dans un vaste plan anti-immigration&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 17 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The United Kingdom has taken a further step in dismantling asylum rights by transforming international protection into a precarious, revisable and conditional status. The Labour government's reform reduces the duration of refugee status from five years to thirty months and postpones access to permanent residence to 20 years.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Refugees will be subject to regular reassessments and may be removed as soon as London designates their country as &#8220;safe&#8221;. The government also intends to abolish automatic access to social support, use artificial intelligence to determine minority, condition access to permanent residence on employment or study, restrict family reunification and reduce the scope of the European Convention on Human Rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The government thus hollows out asylum law and departs from the letter of the Geneva Convention. This reform exposes people on the move to widespread violations of their rights: arbitrary expulsions based on opportunistic designations of &#8220;safe countries&#8221;, infringements of the right to private and family life, and violations of children's rights through the use of artificial intelligence to determine age.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Behind this repressive shift, presented as a &#8220;historic&#8221; turning point, lies an electoral strategy. Faced with pressure from the far right and the rise of Nigel Farage, Keir Starmer has adopted a rhetoric of firmness that sacrifices people on the move to electoral politics.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Frontex&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Digit.site36.net, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://digit.site36.net/2025/11/15/frontex-launches-aerial-surveillance-in-west-africa-its-fundamental-rights-officer-raises-concerns/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Frontex launches aerial surveillance in West Africa &#8211; its fundamental rights officer raises concerns&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 15 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Frontex is opening its first air base in Africa, in Cape Verde, to monitor the Atlantic route towards the Canary Islands. Using aircraft chartered from private companies, the agency intends to detect boats departing from Senegal, Mauritania or Gambia, and transmit this information to the local authorities so they can intercept migrants. After failed negotiations with Dakar and Nouakchott, Cape Verde thus becomes the new pivot of a European control system deployed far beyond its borders and based on a fragile legal foundation. In principle, Frontex's mandate does not permit it to operate directly outside the European Union. To circumvent this limit, the agency will not deploy its own staff but will outsource surveillance to private actors while receiving real-time images in Warsaw.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This new system fuels a form of &#8220;proxy pushback&#8221;, marked by documented risks of serious violations of fundamental rights&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Migreurop press release of 26 October 2024, Frontex celebrates 20 years of (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The agency's own Fundamental Rights Officer reportedly warned in May of the absence of safeguards in countries where protection against inhuman treatment is not guaranteed, recalling the obligation to respect the principle of non-refoulement&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard, Nd, &#171; Frontex fliegt jetzt vor Westafrika&#187; , 16 November (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At a time when the European agency is criticised for its participation or complicity in pushbacks in the Aegean Sea and at the Balkan borders&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop note no. 3, Frontex : A european agency out of control.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, its arrival in Cape Verde confirms once again the normalisation of extraterritorial repressive practices targeting people on the move.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/67925/100-frontex-officers-arrive-in-bosnia-to-boost-border-patrols&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;100 Frontex officers arrive in Bosnia to boost border patrols&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 4 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 4 November 2025, Frontex deployed 100 officers to Bosnia and Herzegovina. The official aim is to prevent &#8220;irregular crossings&#8221; and strengthen security along the Balkan route. Frontex officers will patrol alongside Bosnian border guards and participate in surveillance operations at borders and airports. The &lt;a href=&#034;https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/1af2754b-193e-4fb0-b4ff-65612d87a353_en?filename=Status-agreement-with-Bosnia-and-Herzegovina_en.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;cooperation agreement&lt;/a&gt; between Frontex and Sarajevo was signed in June 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See theJune 2025 press review&#034; id=&#034;nh7-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This deployment illustrates the EU's growing strategy of externalising border control, whereby responsibilities for &#8220;reception&#8221; are delegated to third countries to prevent people on the move from reaching Europe, in disregard of their rights. By strengthening Frontex's presence in Bosnia, the EU extends its filtering capacity upstream of its own borders, in a country where violence, pushbacks and degrading treatment against migrants are regularly denounced&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard, Le Monde, &#171; En Bosnie, une inhumaine route migratoire &#187;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This deployment also raises concerns regarding access to rights, as it offers no effective guarantees against violence and inhuman or degrading treatment that could result from the presence of the European agency. Not only because Frontex is near-immune to legal accountability&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular, Anna Sibley, &#171; Frontex agent intouchable du renseignement (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, but also because Article 12 of the agreement guarantees its impunity for all acts committed in the context of a joint operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, whether before criminal, civil or administrative courts.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Thus, even if the agency's officers do not operate alone, their presence contributes to legitimising a coercive and opaque control system outside the EU.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;The solidarity mechanism&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Euronews, &#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/11/13/la-pologne-et-la-hongrie-sont-pretes-a-defier-lue-au-sujet-des-regles-inacceptables-en-mat&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La Pologne et la Hongrie sont pr&#234;tes &#224; d&#233;fier l'UE sur les r&#232;gles en mati&#232;re d'immigration&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 13 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Euronews, &#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/11/11/lue-devoile-sa-liste-des-etats-membres-les-plus-exposes-a-la-pression-migratoire&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Madrid, Rome, Ath&#232;nes et Nicosie sous 'pression migratoire', selon l'UE&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 12 November 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In its annual report on asylum and migration, the European Commission ranks Spain, Italy, Greece and Cyprus as countries &#8220;under migratory pressure&#8221;, mainly due to the arrival of people on the move by sea. This classification triggers the Pact's &#8220;solidarity mechanism&#8221;, planned to enter into force in 2026: relocations of asylum seekers, payment of &#8364;20,000 per person not taken in, or operational support to the concerned states. The announcement immediately provoked strong opposition from a group of states &#8212; Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic &#8212; which reject both the reception of asylum seekers and the financial contribution. The Polish and Hungarian leaders, engaged in domestic political posturing before elections, promise to &#8220;apply nothing&#8221; from the Pact.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With the &#8220;solidarity mechanism&#8221;, the European Union claims to resolve a situation for which it is itself responsible, as the rise in Mediterranean crossings is a direct consequence of the closure of European borders. This mechanism is in reality an inequitable device that organises the &#8220;authoritarian distribution of people on the move among a few willing states, while the others may avoid it by paying a financial contribution&#8221;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Le Gisti, &#171; Tout savoir sur le &#171; Nouveau Pacte sur la migration et l'asile &#187; (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. People on the move are thus arbitrarily sent to a country they do not know, without consideration for their circumstances, their needs or their choices, becoming transferable or buyable accounting units.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Far from building European solidarity, the Pact reinforces existing imbalances and consolidates a governance system based on sorting, detention and exclusion, to the detriment of the fundamental rights of people on the move.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_5730 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/press_review_-_november_2025.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 507.8 KiB' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/13-42552.png?1765378183' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;To learn more about the &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.exteriores.gob.es/fr/Comunicacion/NotasPrensa/Paginas/2025_NOTAS_P/Albares-presenta-la-nueva-Fundacion-para-la-Internacionalizacion-de-las-Administraciones-Publicas-FIAP.aspx&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;role of this Spanish cooperation agency&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#8220;Temporary detention centers for foreigners&#8221;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.elsaltodiario.com/fronteras/gobierno-espana-abre-dos-carceles-migrantes-mauritania&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;El Gobierno de Espa&#241;a abre dos c&#225;rceles de migrantes en Mauritania&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
, 5 November 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/mauritania/communiqu%C3%A9-de-la-d%C3%A9l%C3%A9gation-de-l%E2%80%99union-europ%C3%A9enne-en-mauritanie_en&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;press release from the European Union Delegation in Mauritania&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular,&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3380.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;the statement of the Association Mauritanienne des Droits de l'Homme&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard, the report by the. NGO Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2025/08/27/mauritanie-des-annees-dabus-lies-aux-controles-des-migrations&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritanie : Des ann&#233;es d'abus li&#233;s aux contr&#244;les des migrations&lt;/a&gt;&#187;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
, 27 august 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the report by Novact and Iridia, &#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://novact.org/es/publicacio/abandono-y-violencia-institucional-hacia-las-personas-migrantes/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Abandono y violencia institucional hacia las personas migrantes: Un an&#225;lisis territorial&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, published on 2 november 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/documents/mde30/0180/2025/fr/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisie : &#171; Personne ne vous entend quand vous criez &#187;: Le dangereux tournant de la politique migratoire en Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;&#187;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
, 6 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular, &#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3283.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;La Tunisie n'est pas un lieu s&#251;r pour les personnes secourues en mer&lt;/a&gt; &#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard,&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.dossierimmigrazione.it/en/prodotto/dossier-statistico-immigrazione-2025/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;DOSSIER STATISTICO IMMIGRAZIONE 2025&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular, Melting Pot, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.meltingpot.org/2025/11/i-decreti-flussi-favoriscono-lo-sfruttamento-dei-lavoratori-e-delle-lavoratrici-migranti/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;I decreti flussi favoriscono lo sfruttamento dei lavoratori e delle lavoratrici migranti&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
, 3 November 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard, InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/65332/litalie-a-procede-a-sa-premiere-expulsion-de-migrants-depuis-son-centre-en-albanie&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'Italie a proc&#233;d&#233; &#224; sa premi&#232;re expulsion de migrants depuis son centre en Albanie&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 25 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Corriere della Sera, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.corriere.it/politica/24_ottobre_29/migranti-il-tribunale-di-bologna-rinvia-alla-corte-di-giustizia-ue-il-decreto-sui-paesi-sicuri-quali-norme-vanno-applicate-431327ec-8a4e-4001-972f-1ace2e827xlk.shtml&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Migranti, i giudici di Bologna rinviano alla Corte Ue il decreto sui migranti : &#171; Con questi criteri la Germania nazista sarebbe stata definita 'Paese sicuro' &#187;&lt;/a&gt;, 29 October 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular,&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.fr/presse/italie-la-dcision-de-la-cour-de-justice-de-lunion-&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;the Amnesty International press release&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard, Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3230.html&#034;&gt;Protocole d'accord Italie/Albanie sur les migrations : une coop&#233;ration transfronti&#232;re contraire au droit international&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 13 February 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/ceta/id/CETATEXT000035369315/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Conseil d'&#201;tat, 6&#232;me chambre, 31/07/2017, n&#176;412125, Published in the Lebon collection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Greek City Times, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://greekcitytimes.com/2025/08/23/greece-introduces-medical-verify-asylum-seekers-age/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Greece Introduces Medical Tests to Verify Asylum Seekers'Age&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 23 August 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard,&lt;a href=&#034;https://asylumineurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/AIDA-GR_2020update.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;The Asylum Information Database,Country Report: Greece&lt;/a&gt;, 2020.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular,&lt;a href=&#034;https://juridique.defenseurdesdroits.fr/doc_num.php?explnum_id=16561&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;the observations of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child&lt;/a&gt;sur&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; ce sujet.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020IE2281&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the &#034;protection of unaccompanied migrant minors in Europe&#034;&lt;/a&gt;, 18 September 2020&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;La Croix, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.la-croix.com/France/Immigration/Le-Conseil-constitutionnel-valide-tests-osseux-jeunes-migrants-2019-03-22-1201010648&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Le Conseil constitutionnel valide les tests osseux pour les jeunes migrants&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 22 March 2019&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/fr/press-releases/2025/10/france-responsible-grave-and-systematic-violations-rights-unaccompanied&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;the report of the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child of 16 October 2025&lt;/a&gt; of 16 October 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Migreurop press release of 26 October 2024, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3290.html&#034;&gt;Frontex celebrates 20 years of rights violations with complete impunity&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard, Nd, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.nd-aktuell.de/artikel/1195498.eu-migrationsabwehr-frontex-fliegt-jetzt-vor-westafrika.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Frontex fliegt jetzt vor Westafrika&lt;/a&gt;&#187;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
, 16 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop note no. 3, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_3.3_frontex_hors_de_controle_-_2021_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;Frontex : A european agency out of control&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3434.html&#034;&gt;June 2025 press review&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard, Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/01/18/en-bosnie-une-inhumaine-route-migratoire_6066667_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;En Bosnie, une inhumaine route migratoire&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 18 January 2021 / Amnesty,&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/location/europe-and-central-asia/western-central-and-south-eastern-europe/bosnia-and-herzegovina/report-bosnia-and-herzegovina/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Rapport sur la situation des droits humains dans le monde&lt;/a&gt;, April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular, Anna Sibley, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3472.html#nb7&#034;&gt;Frontex agent intouchable du renseignement migratoire&lt;/a&gt;&#187;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; article published in the journal Plein droit no. 145 &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/article7541&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrations, pourquoi tant de discours ?&lt;/a&gt;&#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Le Gisti, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?article7046&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tout savoir sur le &#171; Nouveau Pacte sur la migration et l'asile &#187; de l'Union europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, updated on 26 november 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Revue de presse novembre 2025</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3497.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3497.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-12-10T09:46:29Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Gr&#232;ce</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Mauritanie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Mauritanie El Diario, &#8220;La UE abre en Mauritania, con la colaboraci&#243;n de Espa&#241;a, dos c&#225;rceles para migrantes inspiradas en los campamentos policiales de Canarias&#8221;, 6 novembre 2025. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Le 17 octobre 2025, deux nouveaux &#171; centres d'accueil temporaire des &#233;trangers &#187; ont &#233;t&#233; inaugur&#233;s en Mauritanie, &#224; Nouakchott et &#224; Nouadhibou. Ces &#233;tablissements ont &#233;t&#233; financ&#233;s et construits par l'Union europ&#233;enne, gr&#226;ce au concours de la Fondation pour l'internationalisation des administrations (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/20-e9683.png?1765360109' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Mauritanie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Mauritanie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Italie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Gr&#232;ce&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Frontex&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Le m&#233;canisme de solidarit&#233;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Le m&#233;canisme de solidarit&#233;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Mauritanie&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;El Diario, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.eldiario.es/canariasahora/migraciones/gobierno-espana-abre-mauritania-carceles-migrantes-inspiradas-campamentos-policiales-canarias_1_12745595.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La UE abre en Mauritania, con la colaboraci&#243;n de Espa&#241;a, dos c&#225;rceles para migrantes inspiradas en los campamentos policiales de Canarias&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 6 novembre 2025.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 17 octobre 2025, deux nouveaux &#171; centres d'accueil temporaire des &#233;trangers &#187; ont &#233;t&#233; inaugur&#233;s en Mauritanie, &#224; Nouakchott et &#224; Nouadhibou. Ces &#233;tablissements ont &#233;t&#233; financ&#233;s et construits par l'Union europ&#233;enne, gr&#226;ce au concours de la Fondation pour l'internationalisation des administrations publiques&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour en savoir plus sur le r&#244;le de cette agence de coop&#233;ration espagnole.&#034; id=&#034;nh8-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;(FIAP), sur le mod&#232;le des &#171; Centros de Acogida Temporal de Extranjeros &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; Centres d'accueil temporaire des &#233;trangers &#187;&#034; id=&#034;nh8-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;(CATE) des &#238;les Canaries. Leur ouverture s'inscrit dans la continuit&#233; du partenariat migratoire conclu en 2024 avec l'Union europ&#233;enne pour &#171; r&#233;duire les d&#233;parts vers l'Europe &#187;. Officiellement, les personnes arr&#234;t&#233;es peuvent y &#234;tre retenues au maximum 72 heures pour des &#171; entretiens d'identification &#187;. Cependant, une enqu&#234;te de &lt;i&gt;porCausa&lt;/i&gt; et &lt;i&gt;El Salto&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens, &#8220;El Gobierno de Espa&#241;a abre dos c&#225;rceles de migrantes en (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;alerte sur le risque que ces centres fonctionnent comme des lieux de d&#233;tention, ce que l'Union europ&#233;enne d&#233;ment&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir leCommuniqu&#233; de la D&#233;l&#233;gation de l'Union europ&#233;enne en Mauritanie.&#034; id=&#034;nh8-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En d&#233;l&#233;guant &#224; un r&#233;gime autoritaire&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment,la d&#233;claration de l'Association Mauritanienne des Droits de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;la gestion, la d&#233;tention et le tri des personnes exil&#233;es, l'Union europ&#233;enne se place d&#233;lib&#233;r&#233;ment hors du cadre &#171; des m&#233;canismes de contr&#244;le &#187; impos&#233;s sur son propre territoire. La construction de ces centres souligne la responsabilit&#233; d'une Union qui persiste &#224; externaliser ses fronti&#232;res quel qu'en soit le prix, en l'esp&#232;ce dans un pays o&#249; des violations graves des droits humains sont abondamment document&#233;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens, le rapport de l'ONG Human Rights Watch, &#171; Mauritanie : Des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Par ailleurs, un rapport publi&#233; ce mois-ci sur les CATE aux Canaries alerte sur le non-respect des normes internationales, tant en mati&#232;re d'infrastructures que d'acc&#232;s &#224; l'information ou de possibilit&#233; effective de solliciter l'asile&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir le rapport de Novact et Iridia, &#171; Abandono y violencia institucional (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;. Les nouveaux centres de Nouakchott et Nouadhibou, qui en sont directement inspir&#233;s, risquent &#224; leur tour de devenir les maillons d'un &#233;ni&#232;me dispositif d'invisibilisation et de renvoi forc&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Tunisie&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2025/11/06/tunisie-les-migrants-confrontes-a-des-violations-generalisees-de-leurs-droits-humains-denonce-amnesty-qui-critique-l-europe_6652390_3212.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisie : les migrants confront&#233;s &#224; des &#171; violations g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233;es &#187; de leurs droits humains, d&#233;nonce Amnesty, qui critique l'Europe &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 6 novembre 2025.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans un rapport publi&#233; le 6 novembre 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Amnesty International, &#171; Tunisie : &#171; Personne ne vous entend quand vous (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, Amnesty International documente, &#224; partir de plus d'une centaine de t&#233;moignages recueillis entre 2023 et 2025, les violations commises en Tunisie &#224; l'encontre des personnes exil&#233;es. Le rapport fait &#233;tat d'une politique migratoire qui repose sur des m&#233;thodes racistes, des passages &#224; tabac, tortures, agressions sexuelles et des interceptions en mer dangereuses, ill&#233;gales et violentes de la Garde nationale tunisienne. Amnesty d&#233;nonce la passivit&#233; et le cynisme de l'Union europ&#233;enne, et souligne sa responsabilit&#233; dans la violation de ces droits au regard du protocole d'accord conclu avec Tunis, en juillet 2023, pour &#171; emp&#234;cher les d&#233;parts vers l'Europe &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En effet, malgr&#233; des violations massives des droits humains en Tunisie&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment, &#171; La Tunisie n'est pas un lieu s&#251;r pour les personnes (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, d&#251;ment document&#233;es, l'Union europ&#233;enne et ses &#201;tats membres n'ont pas mis un terme &#224; leur collaboration avec le gouvernement autoritaire et r&#233;pressif de Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed, privil&#233;giant les entraves &#224; la mobilit&#233; sur le respect de l'&#201;tat de droit. En externalisant la gestion des mouvements migratoires &#224; la Tunisie tout en fermant les yeux sur les violations g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233;es des droits des personnes exil&#233;es dans le pays, l'Union europ&#233;enne engage sa responsabilit&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Italie&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;InfoMigrants, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/68411/explainer-italys-20262028-flow-decree-decreto-flussi&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Explainer : Italy's 2026-2028 'Flow Decree' (Decreto Flussi)&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 28 novembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Parlement italien a d&#233;finitivement adopt&#233; ce 26 novembre le &#171; D&#233;cret Flux &#187; pour 2026-2028, qui fixe les quotas d'entr&#233;e de travailleur&#183;se&#183;s &#233;tranger&#183;e&#183;s pour les trois prochaines ann&#233;es. Il pr&#233;voit l'attribution de pr&#232;s de 500 000 permis de travail avec des quotas sp&#233;cifiques r&#233;serv&#233;s aux pays &#171; partenaires &#187; de l'Italie en mati&#232;re de migration. Les proc&#233;dures sont enti&#232;rement num&#233;riques et s'appuient sur un calendrier de &#171; click days &#187; d&#233;terminant l'enregistrement des demandes par les employeurs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce d&#233;cret instaure un syst&#232;me d'exploitation des travailleur&#183;se&#183;s &#233;tranger&#183;e&#183;s, fond&#233; sur une vision utilitariste des migrations. Sous couvert d'une &#171; ouverture &#187; encadr&#233;e des fronti&#232;res, il organise la d&#233;pendance des travailleur&#183;se&#183;s &#233;tranger&#183;e&#183;s &#224; leurs employeurs et subordonne tout acc&#232;s au s&#233;jour &#224; des contrats pr&#233;caires, cr&#233;ant de fait une main-d'&#339;uvre hautement substituable et expulsable. D'autant qu'en parall&#232;le, l'Italie s'attaque au droit au regroupement familial, emp&#234;chant les travailleur&#183;se&#183;s de s'installer durablement avec leurs familles et de vivre dignement. Le Centre d'&#233;tudes et de recherches IDOS, a r&#233;v&#233;l&#233; dans son Dossier statistique sur l'immigration en 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens,DOSSIER STATISTICO IMMIGRAZIONE 2025.&#034; id=&#034;nh8-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, que le syst&#232;me italien des &#171; d&#233;crets flux &#187; favorise l'exploitation des travailleur&#183;se&#183;s &#233;tranger&#183;e&#183;s et la traite des &#234;tres humains&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment, Melting Pot, &#8220;I decreti flussi favoriscono lo sfruttamento (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Rfi, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/europe/20251114-italie-albanie-la-question-migratoire-au-coeur-du-premier-sommet-intergouvernemental-entre-les-deux-pays&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Italie-Albanie : la question migratoire au c&#339;ur du premier sommet intergouvernemental entre les deux pays &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 14 novembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le premier sommet intergouvernemental Italie-Albanie s'est tenu &#224; Rome le 13 novembre 2025. Au-del&#224; des partenariats commerciaux et du soutien italien &#224; l'adh&#233;sion albanaise &#224; l'Union europ&#233;enne, la question centrale &#233;tait celle de la mise en &#339;uvre du protocole d'accord conclu en 2023, qui pr&#233;voit l'installation en Albanie de centres de r&#233;tention et d'expulsion plac&#233;s sous juridiction italienne. Si l'accord initial annon&#231;ait la prise en charge de36 000 personnes par an, ce dispositif n'a, pour l'instant, pratiquement pas fonctionn&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens : InfoMigrants, &#171; L'Italie a proc&#233;d&#233; &#224; sa premi&#232;re expulsion (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;en raison du blocage par la justice italienne&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Corriere della Sera, &#8220;Migranti, i giudici di Bologna rinviano alla Corte Ue (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;et europ&#233;enne&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment,le communiqu&#233; de presse d'Amnesty International.&#034; id=&#034;nh8-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'&#233;chec de la mise en &#339;uvre du protocole d'accord italo-albanais depuis 2023 montre que cette architecture repose sur une violation structurelle des garanties juridiques (absence de recours effectif et de contr&#244;le juridictionnel). Pourtant, Giorgia Meloni persiste en affirmant que les centres fonctionneront comme pr&#233;vu et qu'ils seront pleinement op&#233;rationnels avec l'entr&#233;e en application du Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile en juin 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ces centres marquent une avanc&#233;e dans la strat&#233;gie europ&#233;enne d'externalisation, il ne s'agit plus seulement d'externaliser la proc&#233;dure d'asile et la r&#233;tention administrative, mais d&#233;sormais de d&#233;l&#233;guer les expulsions aux &#201;tats tiers &#224; l'Union, opportun&#233;ment d&#233;sign&#233;s comme &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour ce faire, il s'agit de modifier le droit actuel de l'Union en b&#226;tissant de nouvelles l&#233;gislations europ&#233;ennes (Pacte, concept de pays s&#251;rs, r&#232;glement retour) moins protectrices pour permettre aux &#201;tats membres d'&#233;chapper aux responsabilit&#233;s qui leur incombent en mati&#232;re de respect des droits au titre des conventions internationales ratifi&#233;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens, Migreurop, &#171; Protocole d'accord Italie/Albanie sur les (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;France&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2025/11/27/migrants-des-associations-demandent-a-la-justice-de-forcer-l-etat-a-ameliorer-les-conditions-de-vie-dans-les-camps-du-dunkerquois_6655058_3224.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrants : des associations demandent &#224; la justice de forcer l'Etat &#224; am&#233;liorer les conditions de vie dans les camps du Dunkerquois &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 27 novembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68225/nord-de-la-france--six-associations-attaquent-letat-en-justice-pour-non-respect-des-droits-humains-envers-les-migrants&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Nord de la France : six associations attaquent l'&#201;tat en justice pour 'non-respect des droits humains' envers les migrants &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 19 novembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Six associations - Refugee Women's Centre, M&#233;decins du Monde, Utopia 56, Roots, Salam et Human Rights Observers - ont saisi le 18 novembre le tribunal administratif de Lille par une requ&#234;te en r&#233;f&#233;r&#233; libert&#233;. Elles d&#233;noncent le &#171; non-respect des droits humains &#187; dont sont victimes plus de 2 000 exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s vivant dans les campements pr&#233;caires du Dunkerquois et demandent que le juge constate l'atteinte &#171; grave et ill&#233;gale &#187; aux libert&#233;s fondamentales et ordonne &#224; l'&#201;tat des mesures imm&#233;diates et p&#233;rennes : acc&#232;s &#224; l'eau, &#224; l'alimentation, aux soins, &#224; l'h&#233;bergement, &#224; l'information.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La situation dans le Dunkerquois est r&#233;v&#233;latrice d'une politique assum&#233;e de non-accueil, pens&#233;e pour dissuader les mouvements migratoires en rendant les conditions de vie tellement insupportables que les personnes exil&#233;es &#171; renonceraient &#187; &#224; rester sur le littoral. D&#233;j&#224; en 2017, la justice avait ordonn&#233; &#224; l'&#201;tat de garantir un minimum d'acc&#232;s &#224; l'eau et aux sanitaires dans les campements du Calaisis&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Conseil d'&#201;tat, 6&#232;me chambre, 31/07/2017, n&#176;412125, Publi&#233; au recueil Lebon&#034; id=&#034;nh8-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Mais comme &#224; Calais, ces obligations sont aujourd'hui ignor&#233;es par les autorit&#233;s et l'&#201;tat fran&#231;ais prive les personnes exil&#233;es de conditions mat&#233;rielles d'accueil dignes et suffisantes, les exposant de fait &#224; une situation de grande vuln&#233;rabilit&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les personnes exil&#233;es survivent gr&#226;ce au travail des associations, seules &#224; pallier l'inaction de l'&#201;tat et &#224; faire barrage &#224; la violence institutionnelle.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68087/la-grece-procede-aux-premiers-tests-osseux-sur-les-jeunes-migrants-affirmant-etre-mineurs&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La Gr&#232;ce proc&#232;de aux premiers tests osseux sur les jeunes migrants affirmant &#234;tre mineurs&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 12 novembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Ekathimerini, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1286431/greece-conducts-first-age-tests-on-migrants-claiming-to-be-minors/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Greece conducts first age tests on migrants claiming to be minors&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 11 novembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Gr&#232;ce g&#233;n&#233;ralise d&#233;sormais les tests osseux pour d&#233;terminer l'&#226;ge des jeunes exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s se d&#233;clarant mineur&#183;e&#183;s, conform&#233;ment &#224; une d&#233;cision minist&#233;rielle adopt&#233;e en ao&#251;t 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Greek City Times, &#171; Greece Introduces Medical Tests to Verify Asylum (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Ce dispositif impose une s&#233;rie d'examens - m&#233;dical, psychosocial et radiographique du poignet ou de la main gauche - pour d&#233;terminer l'&#226;ge. En cas de r&#233;sultats divergents, l'examen radiographique pr&#233;vaut. Le ministre de l'Immigration et de l'Asile, Thanos Plevris, s'en f&#233;licite d&#233;j&#224; et annonce que plus de 50% des personnes test&#233;es auraient &#233;t&#233; d&#233;clar&#233;es majeures.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce recours aux tests osseux n'est pas nouveau en Gr&#232;ce, ou ailleurs en Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens,The Asylum Information Database,Country Report : Greece, 2020.&#034; id=&#034;nh8-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, mais il est dor&#233;navant assum&#233;, banalis&#233;, d&#233;complex&#233;. Pourtant, ces m&#233;thodes sont scientifiquement discr&#233;dit&#233;es en raison de leur marge d'erreur, de parfois plusieurs ann&#233;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment,les observations du Comit&#233; des droits de l'enfant de l'Onusur (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le Comit&#233; &#233;conomique et social europ&#233;en appelle d'ailleurs &#224; &#171; les abandonner purement et simplement &#187;,rappelant qu'en l'absence d'outils fiables, il est irresponsable de s'appuyer sur des moyens que l'on sait approximatifs&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Avis du Comit&#233; &#233;conomique et social europ&#233;en sur &#171; la protection des mineurs (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En fondant des d&#233;cisions fondamentales - acc&#232;s &#224; l'h&#233;bergement, protection, r&#233;gularit&#233; du s&#233;jour - sur un outil jug&#233; &#171; aussi fiable qu'une boule de cristal &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;La Croix, &#171; Le Conseil constitutionnel valide les tests osseux pour les (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, l'&#201;tat grec met de facto en p&#233;ril la protection due aux mineur&#183;e&#183;s isol&#233;&#183;e&#183;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En choisissant une approche cynique, scientifiquement hasardeuse et politiquement opportuniste, la Gr&#232;ce ouvre la voie &#224; leur expulsion et partant, m&#233;conna&#238;t ses obligations en mati&#232;re de respect des droits de l'enfant et d'int&#233;r&#234;t sup&#233;rieur du mineur, &#224; qui le doute ne b&#233;n&#233;ficie pas. Ce faisant, elle engage sa responsabilit&#233; dans les violations de leurs droits, les exposant encore davantage &#224; la traite, aux abus, &#224; la maltraitance et aux violences polici&#232;res&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notammentle rapport du Comit&#233; des droits de l'enfant des Nations (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Royaume-Uni
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/11/17/le-gouvernement-britannique-durcit-drastiquement-son-regime-d-asile_6653708_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Le gouvernement britannique durcit drastiquement son r&#233;gime d'asile &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 17 novembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68172/le-royaumeuni-reduit-la-protection-accordee-aux-refugies-dans-un-vaste-plan-antiimmigration&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Le Royaume-Uni r&#233;duit la protection accord&#233;e aux r&#233;fugi&#233;s dans un vaste plan anti-immigration&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 17 novembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Royaume-Uni franchit une nouvelle &#233;tape dans le d&#233;mant&#232;lement du droit d'asile en transformant la protection internationale en un statut pr&#233;caire, r&#233;visable et conditionnel. La r&#233;forme du gouvernement travailliste r&#233;duit la dur&#233;e du statut de r&#233;fugi&#233; de cinq ans &#224; trente mois et repousse &#224; 20 ans l'acc&#232;s &#224; la r&#233;sidence permanente.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e&#183;s seront soumis &#224; une r&#233;&#233;valuation r&#233;guli&#232;re et pourront &#234;tre expuls&#233;&#183;e&#183;s d&#232;s que Londres d&#233;signera leur pays comme &#233;tant &#171; s&#251;r &#187;. Le gouvernement entend &#233;galement supprimer l'acc&#232;s automatique &#224; l'aide sociale, utiliser l'intelligence artificielle pour d&#233;terminer la minorit&#233;, conditionner l'acc&#232;s &#224; la r&#233;sidence permanente &#224; l'emploi ou aux &#233;tudes, restreindre le regroupement familial et limiter la port&#233;e de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le gouvernement vide ainsi le droit d'asile de sa substance et s'&#233;carte de la lettre de la Convention de Gen&#232;ve. Cette r&#233;forme expose les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; des violations massives de leurs droits :expulsions arbitraires fond&#233;es sur une d&#233;signation opportuniste de pays &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;, atteintes au droit &#224; la vie priv&#233;e et familiale, et violations des droits de l'enfant par le recours &#224; l'intelligence artificielle pour d&#233;terminer leur &#226;ge.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Derri&#232;re ce virage r&#233;pressif, pr&#233;sent&#233; comme un tournant &#171; historique &#187;, se joue aussi une strat&#233;gie &#233;lectoraliste. Face aux pressions de l'extr&#234;me droite et la perc&#233;e de Nigel Farage, Keir Starmer reprend &#224; son compte une rh&#233;torique de fermet&#233; qui sacrifie les personnes exil&#233;es sur l'autel d'un jeu politique.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Frontex&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Digit.site36.net, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://digit.site36.net/2025/11/15/frontex-launches-aerial-surveillance-in-west-africa-its-fundamental-rights-officer-raises-concerns/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Frontex launches aerial surveillance in West Africa &#8211; its fundamental rights officer raises concerns&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 15 novembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Frontex ouvre sa premi&#232;re base a&#233;rienne en Afrique, au Cap-Vert, pour surveiller la route atlantique vers les Canaries. Avec des avions affr&#233;t&#233;s aupr&#232;s d'entreprises priv&#233;es, l'agence entend d&#233;tecter les embarcations quittant le S&#233;n&#233;gal, la Mauritanie ou la Gambie, et transmettre ces informations aux autorit&#233;s locales afin qu'elles interceptent les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s. Apr&#232;s l'&#233;chec de n&#233;gociations avec Dakar et Nouakchott, le Cap-Vert devient ainsi le nouveau pivot d'un dispositif de contr&#244;le europ&#233;en d&#233;ploy&#233; loin de ses fronti&#232;res et fond&#233; sur une base juridique fragile. En principe, le mandat de Frontex ne lui permet pas d'intervenir directement hors de l'Union europ&#233;enne. Pour contourner cette limite, l'agence ne d&#233;ploiera pas son propre personnel mais externalisera la surveillance &#224; des acteurs priv&#233;s, tout en recevant les images en temps r&#233;el &#224; Varsovie.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce nouveau dispositif alimente un syst&#232;me de &#171; refoulement par procuration &#187;, marqu&#233; par des risques document&#233;s de violations graves des droits fondamentaux&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Communiqu&#233; Migreurop du 26 octobre 2024, Frontex c&#233;l&#232;bre 20 ans de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le responsable des droits fondamentaux de Frontex aurait lui-m&#234;me alert&#233; au mois de mai sur l'absence de garanties dans des pays o&#249; les protections contre les traitements inhumains ne sont pas assur&#233;es, rappelant l'obligation de respecter le principe de non-refoulement&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens, Nd, &#171; Frontex fliegt jetzt vor Westafrika &#187;, le 16 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Alors que l'agence europ&#233;enne est mise en cause pour sa participation ou complaisance dans des refoulements en mer &#201;g&#233;e et aux fronti&#232;res balkaniques&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir la note n&#176;3 de Migreurop, Frontex : Une agence europ&#233;enne hors de contr&#244;le.&#034; id=&#034;nh8-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, son arriv&#233;e au Cap-Vert consacre une nouvelle fois la banalisation des pratiques extraterritoriales r&#233;pressives contre les personnes en exil.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/67925/100-frontex-officers-arrive-in-bosnia-to-boost-border-patrols&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;100 Frontex officers arrive in Bosnia to boost border patrols&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 4 novembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 4 novembre 2025, Frontex a d&#233;ploy&#233; 100 agents en Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine. L'objectif officiel est de pr&#233;venir les &#171; franchissements irr&#233;guliers &#187; des fronti&#232;res, et de renforcer la s&#233;curit&#233; sur la route des Balkans. Les agents de Frontex patrouilleront avec les garde-fronti&#232;res bosniens et participeront aux op&#233;rations de surveillance aux fronti&#232;res et dans les a&#233;roports. Pour rappel, l'&lt;a href=&#034;https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/1af2754b-193e-4fb0-b4ff-65612d87a353_en?filename=Status-agreement-with-Bosnia-and-Herzegovina_en.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;accord de coop&#233;ration&lt;/a&gt;entre Frontex et Sarajevo a &#233;t&#233; sign&#233; en juin 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir larevue de presse de juin 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh8-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce d&#233;ploiement illustre la strat&#233;gie croissante d'externalisation du contr&#244;le des fronti&#232;res par l'Union europ&#233;enne qui s'obstine &#224; d&#233;l&#233;guer aux &#201;tats dits tiers ses responsabilit&#233;s en mati&#232;re &#171; d'accueil &#187;, afin d'emp&#234;cher les personnes en migration d'atteindre l'Europe au m&#233;pris de leurs droits. En renfor&#231;ant la pr&#233;sence de Frontex en Bosnie, l'UE &#233;tend ainsi sa capacit&#233; de filtrage en amont de ses propres fronti&#232;res, dans un pays o&#249; les violences, refoulements et traitements d&#233;gradants contre les personnes en migration sont r&#233;guli&#232;rement d&#233;nonc&#233;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens, Le Monde, &#171; En Bosnie, une inhumaine route migratoire &#187;, le (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce d&#233;ploiement pose aussi probl&#232;me en mati&#232;re d'acc&#232;s aux droits, car il n'apporte aucune garantie effective contre les violences et traitements inhumains ou d&#233;gradants qui pourraient r&#233;sulter de la pr&#233;sence de l'agence europ&#233;enne. Non seulement parce qu'elle est par nature juridiquement intouchable&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment, Anna Sibley, &#171; Frontex agent intouchable du renseignement (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, mais aussi parce que l'article 12 dudit accord organise son impunit&#233; concernant tous les actes r&#233;alis&#233;s dans le cadre d'une op&#233;ration conjointe en Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine, que ce soit devant la justice p&#233;nale, civile ou administrative de ce pays. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;D&#232;s lors, m&#234;me si les agents de l'agence europ&#233;enne n'op&#232;rent pas seuls, leur pr&#233;sence contribue &#224; l&#233;gitimer un syst&#232;me de contr&#244;le coercitif et opaque hors de l'UE.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=20&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Le m&#233;canisme de solidarit&#233;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Euronews, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/11/13/la-pologne-et-la-hongrie-sont-pretes-a-defier-lue-au-sujet-des-regles-inacceptables-en-mat&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La Pologne et la Hongrie sont pr&#234;tes &#224; d&#233;fier l'UE sur les r&#232;gles en mati&#232;re d'immigration&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 13 novembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Euronews, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/11/11/lue-devoile-sa-liste-des-etats-membres-les-plus-exposes-a-la-pression-migratoire&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Madrid, Rome, Ath&#232;nes et Nicosie sous 'pression migratoire', selon l'UE&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 12 novembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans son rapport annuel sur l'asile et la migration, la Commission europ&#233;enne classe l'Espagne, l'Italie, la Gr&#232;ce et Chypre comme pays &#171; sous pression migratoire &#187;, principalement en raison des arriv&#233;es d'exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s par voie maritime. Ce classement active le &#171; m&#233;canisme de solidarit&#233; &#187; du Pacte, outil cens&#233; entrer en application en 2026 : relocalisations des demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile, versement de 20 000 &#8364; par personne non accueillie, ou soutien op&#233;rationnel aux &#201;tats concern&#233;s. L'annonce a imm&#233;diatement d&#233;clench&#233; l'opposition frontale d'un bloc d'&#201;tats - Pologne, Hongrie, Slovaquie et R&#233;publique tch&#232;que - refusant &#224; la fois d'accueillir des demandeurs d'asile et de payer la contribution financi&#232;re. Les dirigeants polonais et hongrois, engag&#233;s dans une surench&#232;re politique int&#233;rieure avant les &#233;lections, promettent de ne &#171; rien appliquer &#187; du Pacte.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Avec &#171; le m&#233;canisme de solidarit&#233; &#187;, l'Union europ&#233;enne pr&#233;tend r&#233;soudre une situation dont elle est elle-m&#234;me responsable, la multiplication des travers&#233;es de la M&#233;diterran&#233;e &#233;tant une cons&#233;quence directe de la fermeture des fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes. Ce m&#233;canisme est en r&#233;alit&#233; un dispositif in&#233;quitable, qui organise la &#171; r&#233;partition autoritaire des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s entre quelques &#201;tats volontaires, tandis que les autres peuvent s'en affranchir en payant une compensation financi&#232;re &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Le Gisti, &#171; Tout savoir sur le &#171; Nouveau Pacte sur la migration et l'asile &#187; (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Les personnes exil&#233;es sont ainsi arbitrairement envoy&#233;es dans un pays qu'elles ne connaissent pas, sans tenir compte de leurs situations, de leurs besoins ni de leurs choix, devenant ainsi des unit&#233;s comptables transf&#233;rables ou rachetables.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Loin de construire une solidarit&#233; europ&#233;enne, le Pacte renforce les d&#233;s&#233;quilibres existants et consolide une gouvernance du tri, de l'enfermement et de l'exclusion, au d&#233;triment des droits fondamentaux des personnes en migration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_5717 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;31&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/revue_de_presse_novembre_2025_-_fr-3.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 485.2 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/20-2-0124d.png?1765360109' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Revue de presse novembre 2025
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour en savoir plus sur &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.exteriores.gob.es/fr/Comunicacion/NotasPrensa/Paginas/2025_NOTAS_P/Albares-presenta-la-nueva-Fundacion-para-la-Internacionalizacion-de-las-Administraciones-Publicas-FIAP.aspx&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;le r&#244;le de cette agence de coop&#233;ration espagnole&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; Centres d'accueil temporaire des &#233;trangers &#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.elsaltodiario.com/fronteras/gobierno-espana-abre-dos-carceles-migrantes-mauritania&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;El Gobierno de Espa&#241;a abre dos c&#225;rceles de migrantes en Mauritania&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 5 novembre 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir le&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/mauritania/communiqu%C3%A9-de-la-d%C3%A9l%C3%A9gation-de-l%E2%80%99union-europ%C3%A9enne-en-mauritanie_en&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Communiqu&#233; de la D&#233;l&#233;gation de l'Union europ&#233;enne en Mauritanie&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment,&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3380.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;la d&#233;claration de l'Association Mauritanienne des Droits de l'Homme&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens, le rapport de l'ONG Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2025/08/27/mauritanie-des-annees-dabus-lies-aux-controles-des-migrations&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritanie : Des ann&#233;es d'abus li&#233;s aux contr&#244;les des migrations &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 27 ao&#251;t 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir le rapport de Novact et Iridia, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://novact.org/es/publicacio/abandono-y-violencia-institucional-hacia-las-personas-migrantes/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Abandono y violencia institucional hacia las personas migrantes : Un an&#225;lisis territorial&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, publi&#233; le 2 novembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/documents/mde30/0180/2025/fr/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisie : &#171; Personne ne vous entend quand vous criez &#187; : Le dangereux tournant de la politique migratoire en Tunisie &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 6 novembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3283.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;La Tunisie n'est pas un lieu s&#251;r pour les personnes secourues en mer&lt;/a&gt; &#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens,&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.dossierimmigrazione.it/en/prodotto/dossier-statistico-immigrazione-2025/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;DOSSIER STATISTICO IMMIGRAZIONE 2025&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment, Melting Pot, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.meltingpot.org/2025/11/i-decreti-flussi-favoriscono-lo-sfruttamento-dei-lavoratori-e-delle-lavoratrici-migranti/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;I decreti flussi favoriscono lo sfruttamento dei lavoratori e delle lavoratrici migranti&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 3 novembre 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens : InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/65332/litalie-a-procede-a-sa-premiere-expulsion-de-migrants-depuis-son-centre-en-albanie&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'Italie a proc&#233;d&#233; &#224; sa premi&#232;re expulsion de migrants depuis son centre en Albanie&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 25 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Corriere della Sera, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.corriere.it/politica/24_ottobre_29/migranti-il-tribunale-di-bologna-rinvia-alla-corte-di-giustizia-ue-il-decreto-sui-paesi-sicuri-quali-norme-vanno-applicate-431327ec-8a4e-4001-972f-1ace2e827xlk.shtml&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Migranti, i giudici di Bologna rinviano alla Corte Ue il decreto sui migranti : &#171; Con questi criteri la Germania nazista sarebbe stata definita 'Paese sicuro' &#187;&lt;/a&gt;, le 29 octobre 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment,&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.fr/presse/italie-la-dcision-de-la-cour-de-justice-de-lunion-&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;le communiqu&#233; de presse d'Amnesty International&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens, Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3230.html&#034;&gt;Protocole d'accord Italie/Albanie sur les migrations : une coop&#233;ration transfronti&#232;re contraire au droit international&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 13 f&#233;vrier 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/ceta/id/CETATEXT000035369315/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Conseil d'&#201;tat, 6&#232;me chambre, 31/07/2017, n&#176;412125, Publi&#233; au recueil Lebon&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Greek City Times, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://greekcitytimes.com/2025/08/23/greece-introduces-medical-verify-asylum-seekers-age/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Greece Introduces Medical Tests to Verify Asylum Seekers'Age&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 23 ao&#251;t 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens,&lt;a href=&#034;https://asylumineurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/AIDA-GR_2020update.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;The Asylum Information Database,Country Report : Greece&lt;/a&gt;, 2020.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment,&lt;a href=&#034;https://juridique.defenseurdesdroits.fr/doc_num.php?explnum_id=16561&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;les observations du Comit&#233; des droits de l'enfant de l'Onu&lt;/a&gt;sur ce sujet.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020IE2281&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Avis du Comit&#233; &#233;conomique et social europ&#233;en sur &#171; la protection des mineurs isol&#233;s migrants en Europe &#187;&lt;/a&gt;, 18 septembre 2020&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;La Croix, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.la-croix.com/France/Immigration/Le-Conseil-constitutionnel-valide-tests-osseux-jeunes-migrants-2019-03-22-1201010648&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Le Conseil constitutionnel valide les tests osseux pour les jeunes migrants&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 22 mars 2019&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/fr/press-releases/2025/10/france-responsible-grave-and-systematic-violations-rights-unaccompanied&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;le rapport du Comit&#233; des droits de l'enfant des Nations Unies&lt;/a&gt;du 16 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Communiqu&#233; Migreurop du 26 octobre 2024, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3290.html&#034;&gt;Frontex c&#233;l&#232;bre 20 ans de violations des droits en toute impunit&#233;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens, Nd, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.nd-aktuell.de/artikel/1195498.eu-migrationsabwehr-frontex-fliegt-jetzt-vor-westafrika.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Frontex fliegt jetzt vor Westafrika &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 16 novembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir la note n&#176;3 de Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_3.3_frontex_hors_de_controle_-_2021_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;Frontex : Une agence europ&#233;enne hors de contr&#244;le&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir la&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3434.html&#034;&gt;revue de presse de juin 2025&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens, Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/01/18/en-bosnie-une-inhumaine-route-migratoire_6066667_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;En Bosnie, une inhumaine route migratoire&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 18 janvier 2021 / Amnesty,&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/location/europe-and-central-asia/western-central-and-south-eastern-europe/bosnia-and-herzegovina/report-bosnia-and-herzegovina/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Rapport sur la situation des droits humains dans le monde&lt;/a&gt;, avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment, Anna Sibley, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3472.html#nb7&#034;&gt;Frontex agent intouchable du renseignement migratoire&lt;/a&gt; &#187; article publi&#233; dans la revue Plein droit du n&#176;145 &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/article7541&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrations, pourquoi tant de discours ? &lt;/a&gt; &#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Le Gisti, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?article7046&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tout savoir sur le &#171; Nouveau Pacte sur la migration et l'asile &#187; de l'Union europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, &#224; jour le 26 novembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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