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	<title>MIGREUROP</title>
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<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press Review May/June 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3600.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3600.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-07-10T05:53:09Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Egypte</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Libya</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Morocco</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Rwanda</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Autriche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cyprus</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Manche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Greece</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Albania</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Suisse</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Afghanistan</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Detention</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Freedom of movement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation of borders</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Forced returns</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Monitoring and control </dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Egypt/EU EuroNews, &#8220;EU pays Egypt billions to manage migration &#8212; Cairo says it is not enough&#8221;, 21 May 2026* &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Faced with the reception crisis currently affecting Egypt, Cairo is pressing the EU to increase its funding for &#8216;migration management'. The regime considers the &#8364;200 million allocation currently available to the country for the period 2024&#8211;2027 to be &#8216;insufficient'. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
As a key partner of the EU for almost 30 years in the externalisation of borders &#8211; a cornerstone of European (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot193.html" rel="tag"&gt;Egypte&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot39.html" rel="tag"&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot184.html" rel="tag"&gt;Morocco&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot201.html" rel="tag"&gt;Rwanda&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot207.html" rel="tag"&gt;Autriche&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot45.html" rel="tag"&gt;Cyprus&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot213.html" rel="tag"&gt;Manche&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot182.html" rel="tag"&gt;Albania&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot55.html" rel="tag"&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot34.html" rel="tag"&gt;Suisse&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot21.html" rel="tag"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot189.html" rel="tag"&gt;Afghanistan&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Detention&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot178.html" rel="tag"&gt;Freedom of movement&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation of borders&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot204.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Forced returns&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Monitoring and control &lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/visuel_rp_3_-3-f5686.png?1783662833' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Egypt/EU&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Egypt/EU&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libya&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Morocco&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Morocco&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Rwanda/United Kingdom&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Rwanda/United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Austria&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Austria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Cyprus&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Cyprus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Greece&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italy/Albania&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Italy/Albania&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sweden&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Sweden&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom/France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;United Kingdom/France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Switzerland&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_11'&gt;Switzerland&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Chisinau Declaration&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_12'&gt;Chisinau Declaration&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Entry into force of the Migration and Asylum Pact&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_13'&gt;Entry into force of the (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Final adoption of the &#8216;return' regulation&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_14'&gt;Final adoption of the &#8216;return'&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;A Taliban delegation in Brussels&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_15'&gt;A Taliban delegation in (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Egypt/EU&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;EuroNews, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZXVyb25ld3MuY29tLzIwMjYvMDUvMjEvZXUtcGF5cy1lZ3lwdC1iaWxsaW9ucy10by1tYW5hZ2UtbWlncmF0aW9uLWNhaXJvLXNheXMtaXQtaXMtbm90LWVub3VnaCNodHRwczovL3d3dy5ldXJvbmV3cy5jb20vMjAyNi8wNS8yMS9ldS1wYXlzLWVneXB0LWJpbGxpb25zLXRvLW1hbmFnZS1taWdyYXRpb24tY2Fpcm8tc2F5cy1pdC1pcy1ub3QtZW5vdWdoIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnvigJxFVSBwYXlzIEVneXB0IGJpbGxpb25zIHRvIG1hbmFnZSBtaWdyYXRpb24g4oCUIENhaXJvIHNheXMgaXQgaXMgbm90IGVub3VnaOKAnX08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 21 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;*&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Faced with the reception crisis currently affecting Egypt, Cairo is pressing the EU to increase its funding for &#8216;migration management'. The regime considers the &#8364;200 million allocation currently available to the country for the period 2024&#8211;2027 to be &#8216;insufficient'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As a key partner of the EU for almost 30 years in the externalisation of borders &#8211; a cornerstone of European migration policy &#8211; Egypt wields considerable negotiating leverage. It would therefore come as no surprise if European funding were indeed increased, at a historic juncture when restrictions onmobility have become an absolute priority for the EU. This is despite systematic violations of migrants' rights in the country: migrants in Egypt are arbitrarily detained in inhuman and degrading conditions, and forced returns continue to rise&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the EuroMed Rights factsheet on this subject, policy', June 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . In March 2026, independent experts appointed by the UN Human Rights Council also warned of an intensification of deportations and violations of fundamental rights targeting migrants on Egyptian territory, in particular Sudanese and Syrian nationals&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See OHCHR, migrants&#8221;, 6 March 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2MzIj48L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Libya&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZnJhbmNlMjQuY29tL2ZyL2V1cm9wZS8yMDI2MDUxOS1saWJ5ZS1hbmdlLWRlLWxhLW1vcnQtYW5jaWVuLWRpcmVjdGV1ci1wcmlzb24tbGlieWVuLWNwaS1raGFsZWQtZWwtaGlzaHJpIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnvigJzigJhUaGUgQW5nZWwgb2YgRGVhdGjigJk6IGZvcm1lciBMaWJ5YW4gcHJpc29uIGRpcmVjdG9yIHRvIGFwcGVhciBiZWZvcmUgdGhlIElDQ308L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 19 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;From 19 to 21 May, Khaled Mohamed Ali El Hishri, a Libyan member of the Special Deterrence Forces militia and a senior official at Mitiga Prison in Tripoli, where he is alleged to have directly committed, ordered and facilitated multiple crimes between 2014 and 2020 (war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, rape, murder and other acts of persecution). His victims are alleged to have been targeted on the basis of their gender, ethnic origin, sexual orientation and migration status. El Hishri is the first suspect to appear before the ICC for atrocities committed in Libya against migrantd persons, as part of the investigation conducted by the Court since 2011 under a UN mandate&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;14 people, including E Hishri, are currently the subject of international (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;After decades of impunity, the opening of these hearings represents a significant step forward for the victims of the Libyan detention system, which has been fuelled and supported by Europe through its border externalisation policies. Cooperation between the EU and its Member States (notably Italy) with Libya is based on three pillars: technical support and assistance provided to the &#8216;Libyan Department for Combating Illegal Immigration' (DCIM) &#8211; which manages the camps and prisons where migrants suffer serious human rights violations; training and equipping the Libyan coastguard to intercept people at sea and push them back to Libya; and the conclusion of agreements with local Libyan authorities and armed groups to strengthen border controls in the south of the country&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, Amnesty International, migrants&#8221;, 12 December 2017&#034; id=&#034;nh4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . By continuing and strengthening its relations with Libya on migration matters, the EU is making itself complicit in the crimes currently under investigation by the ICC, as well as in the impunity that many of their perpetrators continue to enjoy&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further information, see the press release from Refugees in Libya, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The case of Najim Isama Almasri clearly illustrates this long-standing complicity. A former head of the Libyan judicial police and an accomplice of El Hishri in the running of Mitiga, he too is the subject of an international arrest warrant issued by the ICC. When he was on Italian territory in early 2025, Rome sent him back to Libya on a state flight, without handing him over to the Court&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;This refusal to cooperate with the Court has led to two complaints being (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Almasri was recently sentenced by a court in Tripoli to 7 years and 4 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 5 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since early June, Africans of sub-Saharan origin in Libya have been the target of a crackdown on migrants carried out by hostile individuals, the police and local militias. Many are hiding and no longer dare to leave their homes for fear of being attacked. This wave of violence follows anti-immigration protests outside the offices of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Tripoli, sparked by false information circulated on social media about the existence of a fictitious refugee resettlement programme in Libya. The demonstrators were demanding that the UNHCR leave Libya and that refugee support services cease their activities. The UNHCR expressed concern over the demonstrators' hate speech and stated that it was working in cooperation with the Libyan authorities to find solutions for those who have fled conflict.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, as part of this escalation of violence, these same authorities have carried out mass round-ups in neighbourhoods where migrants live. It should also be noted that round-ups and arbitrary arrests of migrants by the Libyan authorities have long been documented in Libya. Those affected are detained in inhumane conditions and subjected to torture. Incidents of physical, psychological and sexual violence, as well as the abandonment of people in the desert, have also been extensively documented&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, on this subject, the information on Libya on Migreurop, humanity&#8221;, 7 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The UNHCR, whose mandate is to protect refugees in Libya, appears in reality to be serving as a &#8216;humanitarian fig leaf' to enable European states to continue their cooperation with a failed state where rights are systematically flouted&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also Refugees in Libya, Niger&#8221;, 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2M0Ij48L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Morocco&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcxMjg3L29uLXRlLXRyYWl0ZS1jb21tZS1kdS1iZXRhaWwtLWRlcy1taWdyYW50cy1hcnJldGVzLWF1LW1hcm9jLXN1ci1sYS1yb3V0ZS1kZS1tZWxpbGxhLXJhY29udGVudC1sZXVyLWNhbHZhaXJlIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnvigJzigJhUaGV5IHRyZWF0IHlvdSBsaWtlIGNhdHRsZeKAmTogbWlncmFudHMgYXJyZXN0ZWQgaW4gTW9yb2NjbyBvbiB0aGVpciB3YXkgdG8gTWVsaWxsYSByZWNvdW50IHRoZWlyIG9yZGVhbH08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 8 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In late April, seven Mauritanian nationals attempted to cross the only land border between Morocco and the Spanish-controlled enclave of Melilla. They were arrested by the police and subjected to degrading treatment (including beatings and the theft of their personal belongings), before being pushed back to the Moroccan-Algerian border.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This kind of violence is a daily reality for people attempting to reach the European enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, located on the African continent. The border between Moroccan territory and these enclaves is heavily militarised: over the years, high barriers have been erected and a dense network of radar, thermal and infrared cameras has been deployed along the entire border, with the aim of preventing anyone from reaching the European territory. Forced returns are systematic and are often accompanied by physical violence and theft, perpetrated by both Moroccan and Spanish forces, whose collaboration on migration issues dates back to 1992 (agreement on the movement of persons, transit and the readmission of foreigners who have entered illegally). This cooperation has since been consolidated through a series of externalisation agreements (between Spain and Morocco, but also between the EU and Morocco), which have turned this country into a veritable &#8216;blockade zone' for migration. The systematic human rights violations in Ceuta and Melilla are emblematic of the process of building a closed-off Europe, and continue with complete impunity&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Migreurop, Factsheet&#8221;, Isaline Roverato, 2024&#034; id=&#034;nh10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rwanda/United Kingdom&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmJjLmNvbS9uZXdzL2FydGljbGVzL2N5NTI2a2xyazIwbyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj574oCYVUsgd2lucyBjb3VydCBjYXNlIG92ZXIgY29sbGFwc2VkIFJ3YW5kYSBhc3lsdW0gZGVhbOKAmX08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 1 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) has rejected Rwanda's claim for compensation against the United Kingdom, following the annulment of the migration arrangement concluded between the two states in 2022. The aim of this informal agreement was to deport to Rwanda foreign nationals who had arrived on British soil &#8216;irregularly' and whose applications for protection had been declared inadmissible. The UK Supreme Court had ruled that this arrangement was unlawful on the grounds that Rwanda could not be considered a safe country for refugees. In 2024, under the Starmer government, the agreement was finally cancelled and payments suspended. Rwanda then initiated arbitration proceedings in January 2026, claiming &#163;50 million in compensation from the United Kingdom.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This brings to a close a legal dispute that clearly illustrates the commercial logic inherent in border externalisation, which reduces asylum seekers to a bargaining chip, enabling, on the one hand, European countries to rid themselves of people deemed &#8216;undesirable', and, on the other, enabling non-European authoritarian regimes to secure financial inflows and achieve diplomatic rehabilitation as legitimate partners of European countries&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also Migreurop, Europe&#8221;, 20 June 2022&#034; id=&#034;nh11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Austria&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9lbi9wb3N0LzcxNTA0L2F1c3RyaWEtbGltaXRzLXJlZnVnZWUtZmFtaWx5LXJldW5pZmljYXRpb24tdW5kZXItbmV3LXF1b3RhLXN5c3RlbSIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj574oCYQXVzdHJpYSBsaW1pdHMgcmVmdWdlZSBmYW1pbHkgcmV1bmlmaWNhdGlvbiB1bmRlciBuZXcgcXVvdGF9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; system', 21 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Austrian Parliament has passed a new law introducing annual caps on family reunification, the level of which has not yet been set. This law follows a measure suspending family reunification procedures adopted in 2025, justified on the grounds of an alleged &#8216;overburdening' of social services, and adopted by unjustifiably invoking the &#8216;emergency clause' provided for in Article 72 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject InfoMigrants, months&#8221;, 12 December 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With the introduction of this quota system, Austria is flouting its obligations regarding reception and protection: the law will result in the separation of families, in breach of the right to family life protected by Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, as well as the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights, which have established that quotas applied to family reunification are unlawful in the absence of an individual assessment of each situation&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Amnesty International Austria, violations', 19 May 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2M4Ij48L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cyprus&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;CyprusMail, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9jeXBydXMtbWFpbC5jb20vMjAyNi8wNi8wOC9ldS1lYXJtYXJrcy1lODAwbS1mb3ItY3lwcnVzLXRvLXRhY2tsZS1pbW1pZ3JhdGlvbiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj574oCYRVUgZWFybWFya3Mg4oKsODAwbSBmb3IgQ3lwcnVzIHRvIHRhY2tsZSBpbW1pZ3JhdGlvbuKAmX08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 8 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cyprus will receive 800 million euros from the EU for the period 2028&#8211;2034, earmarked for &#8216;migration management', representing a 70 per cent increase on the 480 million allocated for the period 2021&#8211;2027.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To date, EU funding has been used to build camps, to facilitate forced returns (Cyprus has recorded an unprecedented number of deportations of migrants in recent years), or to step up operations to identify people without the right to remain. At the end of May, three migrant people jumped from a balcony in Larnaca to escape the intensifying raids across the country. One of them died&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Cyprus Mail, raid&#8221;, 27 May 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cyprus has repeatedly been accused of and found guilty of violating the rights of migrants, including refoulement&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Cyprus Mail, refugees', 19 March 2025 and InfoMigrants, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Yet the southern part of the island will continue to benefit from the EU's support and cooperation in its migration policies that infringe upon the rights and lives of migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2M5Ij48L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Greece&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Al Jazeera, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYWxqYXplZXJhLmNvbS9uZXdzLzIwMjYvNi8xL2dyZWVjZS1yZW9wZW5zLXN5cmlhbi1hbmQtYWZnaGFuLWFzeWx1bS1jYXNlcy1ob3BpbmctZm9yLXJldHVybnMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e+KAmEdyZWVjZSByZW9wZW5zIFN5cmlhbiBhbmQgQWZnaGFuIGFzeWx1bSBjYXNlcywgaG9waW5nIGZvciByZXR1cm5z4oCZfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 1 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since February, Greece has reopened all asylum cases likely to be rejected. As part of this process, the cases of Syrian and Afghan nationals &#8211; particularly men &#8211; are being subject to almost systematic re-examination, with rejection rates rising sharply. This review appears to reflect a broader political desire to rid the country of Muslim migrants or those from predominantly Muslim countries by deporting them to regimes where serious human rights violations have been documented. The Minister for Migration and Asylum, Athanasios Plevris, has openly embraced this racist shift during a recent parliamentary hearing, stating that Greece prefers to welcome non-Muslim migrant workers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Greece's strategy is part of a wider European climate of growing racism and Islamophobia. Several European countries, led by Germany, are now considering the forced return of Afghan and Syrian nationals, despite the extremely dangerous situation in their countries of origin. The European Union itself hosted a Taliban delegation in Brussels on 23 June, to negotiate the deportations of Afghans&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See below&#034; id=&#034;nh16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , and has renewed its cooperation agreement with Syria &#8211; ending the partial suspension in place since 2011 &#8211; which reflects a desire to speed up the forced returns of Syrian refugees residing throughout Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, on this subject, The New Arab, ties', 12 May 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2MxMCI+PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italy/Albania&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;La Repubblica, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucmVwdWJibGljYS5pdC9wb2xpdGljYS8yMDI2LzA1LzExL25ld3MgcGFsYXp6b19jaGlnaV9jZW50cmlfYWxiYW5pYV9taWdyYW50aV9odWJfZnJvbnRpZXJhLTQyNTMzNjU5Mi8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e+KAnFBhbGF6em8gQ2hpZ2kgdHJpZXMgYWdhaW46IOKAmE1pZ3JhbnRzIHBpY2tlZCB1cCBhdCBzZWEgdG8gYmUgaGVsZCBpbiBjZW50cmVzIGluIEFsYmFuaWHigJl9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#8221;, 11 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Italian government is reportedly working on a new decree under the Italy&#8211;Albania Memorandum of Understanding (2023). The aim is said to be to revert to the original plan to outsource the fast-track processing of asylum applications to the camps in Sh&#235;ngjin and Gjad&#235;r &#8211; under Italian jurisdiction. Those affected are migrants intercepted at sea by the Italian authorities, who come from so-called &#8216;safe' countries and are considered &#8216;non-vulnerable'. According to the government, this change would be made possible by the European Pact on Migration and Asylum, which came into force on 12 June 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The initial project had so far been held up by several court rulings. The court in Rome has repeatedly refused to authorise detention in the camps in Albania, ruling that the countries of origin of the people concerned, such as Bangladesh and Egypt, could not be considered &#8216;safe' under European law&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also Albania&#8221;, 18 October 2024&#034; id=&#034;nh18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . To prevent these camps from becoming unused, Italy converted them in 2025 into Italian detention and deportation centres (CPRs)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See SkyTG24, work', 9 June 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The entry into force of the Pact could, however, remove these obstacles. The Pact does indeed allow a country to be classified as partially &#8216;safe' and facilitates the use of accelerated procedures for nationals of countries with a low asylum recognition rate (&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Albania', 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;]] .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, doubts remain, particularly regarding Italy's ability to detain asylum seekers undergoing standard procedures on territory outside the EU &#8211; an issue referred to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), which is expected to rule in the coming months&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also Italian Coalition for Freedom and Civil Rights (CILD), EU&#8221;, 10 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2MxMSI+PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sweden&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcxOTMxL3N1ZWRlLS1sZS1wYXJsZW1lbnQtdm90ZS11bmUtbG9pLW9ibGlnZWFudC1sZXMtYWRtaW5pc3RyYXRpb25zLXB1YmxpcXVlcy1hLWRlbm9uY2VyLWxlcy1zYW5zcGFwaWVycyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj574oCYU3dlZGVuOiBQYXJsaWFtZW50IHBhc3NlcyBsYXcgb2JsaWdpbmcgcHVibGljIGF1dGhvcml0aWVzIHRvIHJlcG9ydCB1bmRvY3VtZW50ZWQgIG1pZ3JhbnRz4oCZfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; migrants', 16 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On Monday 15 June, the Swedish Parliament passed two bills aimed at stepping up the deportation of migrants. The first measure, known as the &#8216;snitch law', obliges six public authorities (employment, pensions, tax, debt, social insurance and the prison service) to report to the police any undocumented migrants with whom their staff come into contact. The second, known as the &#8216;good conduct' law, provides for the deportation of foreign nationals residing in Sweden who do not lead an &#8216;honest life'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These measures establish a state apparatus of control and coercion in Sweden, which will lead to racial profiling, discrimination based on appearance and serious infringements of migrants' rights. The &#8216;snitch law' risks preventing migrantd people from accessing social rights; they may forgo essential services &#8211; including going to hospital or school &#8211; for fear of being denounced. By systematically using government departments and public services as tools for surveillance, it foreshadows the &#8216;return' regulation &#8211; adopted on 17 June by the European Parliament &#8211; which authorises raids in public places and private homes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &#8216;good conduct' law, does not specify the criteria for defining what would constitute &#8216;bad conduct'. Its discretionary nature exposes migrants to the risk of having their residence permits refused or revoked on the basis of behaviour that is neither illegal nor punishable for Swedish citizens. This amounts to the deliberate creation of legal uncertainty and the imposition of conditions on rights, which is dissuasive and contrary to the rule of law. These measures will foster fear and self-censorship amongst migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;]] .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2MxMyI+PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZnJhbmNlMjQuY29tL2ZyL2V1cm9wZS8yMDI2MDYwOS1hdHRhcXVlLSVDMyVBMC1iZWxmYXN0LWxlcy1hdXRvcml0JUMzJUE5cy1hcHBlbGxlbnQtYXUtY2FsbWUtZmFjZS1hdS1yaXNxdWUtZGUtdmlvbGVuY2VzLWFudGktaW1taWdyJUMzJUE5cyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj574oCYVmlvbGVudCBhbnRpLWltbWlncmF0aW9uIHByb3Rlc3RzIGluIEJlbGZhc3QgZm9sbG93aW5nIGFuIGF0dGFjayBhdHRyaWJ1dGVkIHRvIGF9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; refugee'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 9 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZnJhbmNlMjQuY29tL2ZyL2V1cm9wZS8yMDI2MDYxMy0lQzMlQTAtYmVsZmFzdC11bi12YXN0ZS1yYXNzZW1ibGVtZW50LWNvbnRyZS1sZS1yYWNpc21lLWFwciVDMyVBOHMtZGVzLSVDMyVBOW1ldXRlcy1hbnRpLWltbWlnciVDMyVBOXMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e+KAnE1hc3MgcmFsbHkgYWdhaW5zdCByYWNpc20gaW4gQmVsZmFzdCBmb2xsb3dpbmcgYW50aS1pbW1pZ3JhbnR9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; riots&#8221;, 13 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 9 June, anti-immigrant demonstrations took place in Belfast (Northern Ireland) in the wake of a knife attack attributed to a Sudanese national, footage of which was shared on social media. Neo-fascist groups set fire to cars and homes, most of which belonged to migrant people. A few days later, a large anti-racist demonstration was organised to condemn this wave of racist violence.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This incident illustrates a well-known pattern in several European countries and beyond: an offence or crime committed by a foreign national is exploited to target entire communities of migrants and to legitimise violent attacks and racially motivated intimidation against them. This dynamic is part of a context of a sharp rise in racism and the far right in the United Kingdom &#8211; visible both on social media and in public spaces (murals inciting racial hatred, anti-migrant rallies, etc.)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, the International Federation for Human Rights, stop', (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#8211; which threatens the lives and safety of migrant people and non-white people.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcyMTE5L2F1LXJveWF1bWV1bmktbGUtZ291dmVybmVtZW50LXZldXQtZXRlbmRyZS1sYWNjdWVpbC1wYXJyYWluZS1kZXMtcmVmdWdpZXMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e+KAmEluIHRoZSBVSywgdGhlIGdvdmVybm1lbnQgd2FudHMgdG8gZXhwYW5kIHRoZSBzcG9uc29yZWQgcmVmdWdlZSBzY2hlbWXigJl9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; scheme', 30 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 30 June, the UK Home Secretary, Shabana Mahmood, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ292LnVrL2dvdmVybm1lbnQvbmV3cy9tYWhtb29kLW15cmVmb3Jtcy13aWxsLXNhdmUtdGhlLWFzeWx1bS1zeXN0ZW0tZm9yLWEtZ2VuZXJhdGlvbiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5hbm5vdW5jZWQ8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; the introduction of a refugee sponsorship scheme, which will come into force in autumn 2027. In practice, universities, businesses and other organisations will now be able to sponsor a person recognised as a refugee under Article 1 of the&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cub2hjaHIub3JnL2ZyL2luc3RydW1lbnRzLW1lY2hhbmlzbXMvaW5zdHJ1bWVudHMvY29udmVudGlvbi1yZWxhdGluZy1zdGF0dXMtcmVmdWdlZXMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+MTk1MSBHZW5ldmEgQ29udmVudGlvbjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, enabling them to settle legally in the UK. The organisations responsible for this sponsorship will be in charge of providing accommodation, facilitating integration and assisting with the selected individuals' entry into the labour market. The number of potential beneficiaries has not yet been specified, and applications will remain subject to strict government scrutiny.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This announcement comes against a backdrop of a general tightening of UK asylum policy. Sponsorship schemes are, in fact, frequently used by governments to project an image of selective generosity towards &#8216;genuine refugees' (Mahmood uses the term &lt;i&gt;&#8216;genuine &lt;/i&gt;refugees'), whilst diverting attention from deterrence policies that remain unchanged, or that are strengthened. Sponsorship schemes thus become instruments of a policy of selection, enabling states to set quotas for people entering their territory and to select certain categories of refugees based on their level of qualifications or their religion (church-sponsored schemes spring to mind)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Nikolas Feith Tan, Governance', in Theorising Local (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Furthermore, the state shrinks its responsibilities regarding protection and asylum by transferring a legal obligation to the private sector. Beyond the individual benefits that selected people may enjoy, this scheme, which is part of a highly repressive UK policy towards migrants, risks distorting the spirit of the right to asylum, which could then be reduced to &#8216;a neoliberal, privatised immigration scheme, reserved solely for highly skilled and educated migrants, or for certain ethnic or religious groups'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid., p. 258.&#034; id=&#034;nh23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2MxNCI+PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom/France&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGVtb25kZS5mci9pbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsL2FydGljbGUvMjAyNi8wNi8yMy9taWdyYXRpb24tdW4tcHJlbWllci1wYXMtdmVycy11bmUtZXVyb3BlYW5pc2F0aW9uLWRlLWxhLWdlc3Rpb24tZGVzLXRyYXZlcnNlZXMtZGUtbGEtbWFuY2hlXzY3MDg1ODFfMzIxMC5odG1sP3NlYXJjaC10eXBlPWNsYXNzaWMmYW1wO2lzZV9jbGlja19yYW5rPTIiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e+KAnE1pZ3JhdGlvbjogYSBmaXJzdCBzdGVwIHRvd2FyZHMgdGhlIEV1cm9wZWFuaXNhdGlvbiBvZiB0aGUgbWFuYWdlbWVudCBvZiBDaGFubmVsIGNyb3NzaW5nc308L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#8221;, 23 June &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &#8216;One in, one out' agreement (2025) between France and the United Kingdom will not be renewed after October 2026. It will be replaced by a &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ob21lLWFmZmFpcnMuZWMuZXVyb3BhLmV1L2RvY3VtZW50L2Rvd25sb2FkL2VlNTIxYTljLWVmZmUtNDk0Zi1hZTYxLTY1ZmZjZjc3OGU0Nl9lbj9maWxlbmFtZT1FVSUyMEFjdGlvbiUyMFBsYW4lMjBmb3IlMjB0aGUlMjBDaGFubmVsJTIwcm91dGUucGRmIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkV1cm9wZWFuIENvbW1pc3Npb24gYWN0aW9uIHBsYW48L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; for the Channel migration route, drawn up in partnership with the United Kingdom and published on June 16.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &#8216;One in, one out' agreement currently stipulates that, for every asylum seeker the United Kingdom undertakes to admit through &#8216;legal channels', France agrees in return to readmit to its territory one person who has arrived in the United Kingdom so-called irregularly&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject the short documentary by MSF Frontlines, risk', 21 May 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The new action plan sets out a repressive approach centred on three pillars: strengthening diplomatic cooperation with countries of origin and transit to facilitate deportations; the &#8216;fight against people-smugglers' (which raises fears of increased criminalisation of migrants and solidarity organisations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;On this point, see PICUM, shift', 18 July 2022&#034; id=&#034;nh25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ); and increasing the resources allocated to law enforcement and border control. Unsurprisingly, the text refers to the need to curb &#8216;illegal' migration in order to deter people from undertaking dangerous journeys. This is a rhetorical ploy that obscures the fact that it is precisely the sealing off of borders that drives many people to continue undertaking these dangerous journeys.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2MxNSI+PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_11&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Switzerland&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZXVyYWN0aXYuY29tL25ld3Mvc3dpc3MtcmVqZWN0LWRpdmlzaXZlLWFudGktaW1taWdyYXRpb24tcHJvcG9zYWwtcHJvamVjdGlvbnMvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnvigJhTd2lzcyByZWplY3QgZGl2aXNpdmUgYW50aS1pbW1pZ3JhdGlvbiBwcm9wb3NhbH08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 14 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 14 June, 54 per cent of Swiss voters rejected the anti-immigration initiative &#8216;No to a Switzerland with 10 million!'. This initiative was put forward by the far-right SVP party and identified asylum seekers as the cause of thepopulation growth that, according to SVP, is jeopardising the country's &#8216;sustainability'. The text called for the permanent resident population to be kept below the ten-million mark by 2050, through repressive migration measures that contravened the country's obligations regarding reception and protection. Once the population reached 9.5 million, asylum seekers granted temporary leave would no longer have any prospect of remaining in the country. Should the population exceed 10 million, international agreements accused of encouraging population growth would have to be renegotiated or even withdrawn. The application of texts such as the Global Compact for Migration, the European Convention on Human Rights, the Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the European Agreement on the Free Movement of Persons would be threatened&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Amnesty International, rights', 7 May 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The initiative failed thanks to strong opposition from employers' organisations and trade unions, which feared severe repercussions for employment and growth. Although many of the arguments in favour of a &#8216;no' vote were economic in nature, the rejection of the initiative remains a significant victory and a setback for the far right's vision of society. A vision that would have exposed migrants to a real risk of being turned back at the borders and of asylum procedures being suspended, and which would have led &#8211; through the possibility of renouncing international human rights agreements &#8211; to a general weakening of these protections for everyone, not just for migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2MxNyI+PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_12&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chisinau Declaration&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZXVyYWN0aXYuY29tL25ld3MvZXVyb3BlYW4tY291bnRyaWVzLXVyZ2UtcmV0aGluay1vZi1odW1hbi1yaWdodHMtb24tbWlncmF0aW9uLyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj574oCYRXVyb3BlYW4gY291bnRyaWVzIHVyZ2UgcmV0aGluayBvZiBodW1hbiByaWdodHMgb24gbWlncmF0aW9ufTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 15 May 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 15 May 2026, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe adopted a &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ybS5jb2UuaW50L3BkZi8wOTEyNTk0ODgwMmJjMmNjIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPmRlY2xhcmF0aW9uPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; in Chisinau (Moldova) proposing a restrictive interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in order to facilitate the deportation of migrants who have not been granted the right of residence or who have committed serious offences. The declaration proposes a reinterpretation of Article 8 (the right to respect for private and family life) to &#8216;rebalance' the individual rights of migrants against &#8216;the public interest and public security'. It also proposes narrowing the scope of Article 3 (prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment), so that insufficient access to healthcare or precarious socio-economic conditions in the country of deportation cannot constitute inhuman or degrading treatment that would prevent forced return. It should be noted, however, that Article 3 admits of no exceptions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Council of Europe has thus acted on the &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ292LnVrL2dvdmVybm1lbnQvbmV3cy9qb2ludC1zdGF0ZW1lbnQtdG8tdGhlLWNvbmZlcmVuY2Utb2YtbWluaXN0ZXJzLW9mLWp1c3RpY2Utb2YtdGhlLWNvdW5jaWwtb2YtZXVyb3BlIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPmRlY2xhcmF0aW9uPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; issued in December 2025 by 27 member states calling for a more restrictive interpretation of the ECHR with regard to forced returns. Whilst the Chisinau Declaration remains non-binding in legal terms, it constitutes a worrying political development which will contribute &#8211; alongside recent European legislation (&#8216;safe' countries of origin, &#8216;safe' third countries, the &#8216;Return' Regulation) -to entrench in the collective imagination the need to systematise dangerous deportations, in the name of so-called security imperatives. It also constitutes political interference in the interpretation of the ECHR, illustrating a European trend towards challenging the legitimacy of the judiciary&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Jo&#235;l Andriantsimbazovina, Rights', Le Club des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , which has been accused by several right-wing and far-right governments of favouring progressive positions on migration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_13&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entry into force of the Migration and Asylum Pact&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mediapart, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubWVkaWFwYXJ0LmZyL2pvdXJuYWwvaW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbC8xMjA2MjYvcGFjdGUtc3VyLWxhLW1pZ3JhdGlvbi1ldC1sLWFzaWxlLXBvdXItbC11bmlvbi1ldXJvcGVlbm5lLWxlLWpvdXItZGUtbGEtaG9udGUiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e+KAmE1pZ3JhdGlvbiBhbmQgQXN5bHVtIFBhY3Q6IGEgZGF5IG9mIHNoYW1lIGZvciB0aGUgRXVyb3BlYW4gVW5pb259PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 12 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 12 June, the European Pact on Migration and Asylum came into force. It constitutes a comprehensive reform of European policy in this area, introducing far-reaching changes at the EU's borders. It establishes new screening procedures for anyone arriving at the EU's external borders. Following this screening, some people may be subject to accelerated border asylum procedures, leading to deportation if their application is rejected. Throughout all these stages, people are deprived of their liberty, likely in isolated locations that are difficult for lawyers, doctors, journalists and civil society organisations to access. They are also kept in a legal &#8216;fiction of non-entry': whilst physically present on European soil, they are legally considered not to have entered. This enables states to deport them more easily, paving the way for lower standards of fundamental rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Deprivation of liberty is therefore becoming the norm, and access to asylum &#8211; as well as to an effective remedy &#8211; is drastically restricted. Indeed, more people will be subject to accelerated procedures, on the assumption that they do notrequire protection: those from countries where the asylum recognition rate in the EU is below 20 per cent, those from so-called &#8216;safe' countries of origin, and those suspected of posing a &#8216;threat to public order', a vague and undefined concept. Furthermore, if individuals subject to a deportation order appeal against that decision, their appeal will not have suspensive effect, and the Pact authorises deportation even before a final decision has been taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In short, this Pact institutionalises, at a European level, the detention, registration, screening and expulsion of migrants at Europe's borders.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2MxOCI+PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_14&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Final adoption of the &#8216;return' regulation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;RFI, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucmZpLmZyL2ZyL2VuLWJyZWYvMjAyNjA2MTctbWlncmF0aW9uLWxlLXBhcmxlbWVudC1ldXJvcCVDMyVBOWVuLWFkb3B0ZS1sYS1yJUMzJUE5Zm9ybWUtcHIlQzMlQTl2b3lhbnQtZGVzLWh1YnMtZGUtcmV0b3VyIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnvigJhNaWdyYXRpb246IHRoZSBFdXJvcGVhbiBQYXJsaWFtZW50IGFkb3B0cyByZWZvcm0gcHJvdmlkaW5nIGZvciDigJxyZXR1cm4gaHVic+KAnX08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; hubs&#8221;', 17 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGVtb25kZS5mci9wb2xpdGlxdWUvdmlkZW8vMjAyNi8wNi8xNy9yZW52b3llei1sZXMtc2NhbmRlbnQtZGVzLWVsdXMtZC1leHRyZW1lLWRyb2l0ZS1hdS1wYXJsZW1lbnQtZXVyb3BlZW5fNjcwNDI4N184MjM0NDguaHRtbD9zZWFyY2gtdHlwZT1jbGFzc2ljJmFtcDtpc2VfY2xpY2tfcmFuaz03IiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnvigJzigJhTZW5kIHRoZW0gYmFjayHigJkgY2hhbnQgZmFyLXJpZ2h0IE1FUHMgaW4gdGhlIEV1cm9wZWFuIFBhcmxpYW1lbnR9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 17 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 17 June, the European Parliament gave final approval to the &#8216;return' regulation, amidst applause and racist chants from right-wing and far-right MEPs in the chamber, who shouted &#8220;Send them back!&#8221;. The text provides for a massive detention system (lasting up to two years, with the possibility of indefinite extension in the event of a threat to public security), the conversion of third countries into &#8216;return hubs', to which migrants may be deported even if they have no connection to those countries&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;A coalition of five Member States has already begun negotiations with third (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , as well as &#8216;investigative' measures authorising raids on homes and in public spaces, the seizure of electronic devices and the obligation to provide biometric data to the authorities.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The proposed measures cross a red line by establishing a regime of widespread surveillance within the EU: migrants without the right to reside will be subjected to a veritable manhunt and deported to countries known to be unsafe (European governments are currently considering deportations to Rwanda, Uganda, Libya, Egypt&#8230;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Human Rights Watch, Centres', 26 June 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ). This regulation institutionalises the violation of fundamental rights and international law: it will lead to breaches of the principle of non-refoulement, flout the right to private and family life, and expose migrantd people to inhuman and degrading treatment&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further reading, see in particular Migreurop, law', 26 March 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh30&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2MyMCI+PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_15&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A Taliban delegation in Brussels&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcyMDUxL3JlbmNvbnRyZS1pbmVkaXRlLWVudHJlLWx1ZS1ldC1kZXMtcmVzcG9uc2FibGVzLXRhbGliYW5zLXBvdXItZGlzY3V0ZXItZHUtcmVudm9pLWRlcy1hZmdoYW5zLXZlcnMtbGV1ci1wYXlzLWRvcmlnaW5lIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnvigJhVbnByZWNlZGVudGVkIG1lZXRpbmcgYmV0d2VlbiB0aGUgRVUgYW5kIFRhbGliYW4gb2ZmaWNpYWxzIHRvIGRpc2N1c3MgdGhlIHJldHVybiBvZiBBZmdoYW5zIHRvIHRoZWlyIGNvdW50cnkgb2Ygb3JpZ2lufTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 24 June 2026 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ldXJhY3Rpdi5jb20vZnIvbmV3cy9sZXMtdGFsaWJhbnMtcHJvZml0ZW50LWRlLWxldXItdmlzaXRlLWEtYnJ1eGVsbGVzLXBvdXItZGVtYW5kZXItdW4tYWNjZXMtY29uc3VsYWlyZS1lbi1ldXJvcGUvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnvigJxUaGUgVGFsaWJhbiB1c2UgdGhlaXIgdmlzaXQgdG8gQnJ1c3NlbHMgdG8gcmVxdWVzdCBjb25zdWxhciBhY2Nlc3MgaW59PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; Europe&#8221;, 23 June 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 23 June, members of the European Commission met with a Taliban delegation to continue negotiations on the forced return of Afghan nationals without the right to reside in the EU. In exchange for their cooperation with these deportations, the Taliban requested the restoration of consular services for Afghans across Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Once again, the EU's anti-immigration obsession is leading to the normalisation of relations with a repressive regime, with the aim of deporting people at any cost&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb31&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Agreements with Libya or Turkey are further examples.&#034; id=&#034;nh31&#034;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . As the restoration of consular services is a fundamental condition set by the Taliban, the end result of these negotiations risks being a de facto legitimisation of the Afghan regime, which has established gender apartheid&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb32&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further information, see Human Rights Watch, Campaign', 2 September 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh32&#034;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; and is responsible for the systematic violation of human rights in Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb33&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also Amnesty International,&#034; id=&#034;nh33&#034;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . By normalising its relations with the Taliban, the European Union is eroding its own standards on fundamental rights, pushing the boundaries of what is considered &#8216;acceptable' ever further. If these negotiations are successful, the Afghan nationals concerned risk being deported to face torture and death.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See the EuroMed Rights factsheet on this subject, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL0lNRy9wZGYvZWd5cHQtaW5mb3NoZWV0LWZyLnBkZiI+4oCYU2FmZSBvbiBwYXBlciwgZGFuZ2Vyb3VzIGluIHJlYWxpdHk6IEVneXB0IGFuZCB0aGUgRVXigJlzIHJldHVybjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; policy', June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See OHCHR, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cub2hjaHIub3JnL2VuL3ByZXNzLXJlbGVhc2VzLzIwMjYvMDMvZWd5cHQtdW4tZXhwZXJ0cy1yYWlzZS1hbGFybS1vdmVyLXZpb2xhdGlvbnMtYWdhaW5zdC1yZWZ1Z2Vlcy1hbmQtbWlncmFudHMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+4oCcRWd5cHQ6IFVOIGV4cGVydHMgcmFpc2UgYWxhcm0gb3ZlciB2aW9sYXRpb25zIGFnYWluc3QgcmVmdWdlZXMgYW5kPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; migrants&#8221;, 6 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;14 people, including E Hishri, are currently the subject of international arrest warrants in connection with this investigation. Some of them have died, whilst others are on the run.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, Amnesty International, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1uZXN0eS5vcmcvZnIvbGF0ZXN0L25ld3MvMjAxNy8xMi9saWJ5YS1ldXJvcGVhbi1nb3Zlcm5tZW50cy1jb21wbGljaXQtaW4taG9ycmlmaWMtYWJ1c2Utb2YtcmVmdWdlZXMtYW5kLW1pZ3JhbnRzLyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj7igJxMaWJ5YTogRXVyb3BlYW4gZ292ZXJubWVudHMgYXJlIGNvbXBsaWNpdCBpbiBodW1hbiByaWdodHMgdmlvbGF0aW9ucyBhZ2FpbnN0IHJlZnVnZWVzIGFuZDwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; migrants&#8221;, 12 December 2017&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;For further information, see the press release from Refugees in Libya, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucmVmdWdlZXNpbmxpYnlhLm9yZy9wb3N0L2NpdmlsLXNvY2lldHktc3RhdGVtZW50LWRldGVudGlvbi1jcmltZXMtaW4tbGlieWEtZmluYWxseS1iZWZvcmUtdGhlLWljYy1qdWRnZXMtdG8tZGVjaWRlLXdoZXRoZXIiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+4oCcQ2l2aWwgc29jaWV0eSBzdGF0ZW1lbnQ6IERldGVudGlvbiBjcmltZXMgaW4gTGlieWEgZmluYWxseSBiZWZvcmUgdGhlIElDQzogSnVkZ2VzIHRvIGRlY2lkZSB3aGV0aGVyIEVsIEhpc2hyaSBjYXNlIG1vdmVzIHRvPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; trial&#8221;, 11 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;This refusal to cooperate with the Court has led to two complaints being lodged against Italy with the European Court of Human Rights. See, on this subject, InfoMigrants, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcxNjM5L2xpdGFsaWUtdmlzZWUtcGFyLWRldXgtcGxhaW50ZXMtYXVwcmVzLWRlLWxhLWNlZGgtcG91ci1hdm9pci1saWJlcmUtbGUtdG9ydGlvbm5haXJlLWRlLW1pZ3JhbnRzLWxpYnllbi1vc2FtYS1hbG1hc3JpLW5hamltIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAnEl0YWx5IGZhY2luZyB0d28gY29tcGxhaW50cyB3aXRoIHRoZSBFQ0hSIGZvciByZWxlYXNpbmcgdGhlIExpYnlhbiBtaWdyYW50IHRvcnR1cmVyIE9zYW1hIEFsbWFzcmk8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Najim&#8221;, 1 June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Almasri was recently sentenced by a court in Tripoli to 7 years and 4 months' imprisonment, whilst still being the subject of an arrest warrant issued by the ICC. Libya, which is not a signatory to the Rome Statute (the founding treaty of the ICC), is not obliged to hand him over to the Court. See in this regard Il Post, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaWxwb3N0Lml0LzIwMjYvMDYvMjEvYWxtYXNyaS1jb25kYW5uYXRvLWxpYmlhLXRvcnR1cmEtbWlncmFudGkvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAnEdlbmVyYWwgQWxtYXNyaSBoYXMgYmVlbiBzZW50ZW5jZWQgaW4gTGlieWEgdG8gNyB5ZWFycyBhbmQgNCBtb250aHMgZm9yIGFjdHMgb2YgdmlvbGVuY2UgYWdhaW5zdDwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; migrants&#8221;, 21 June 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See, on this subject, the information on Libya on Migreurop, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTY1Lmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyIj7igJxUaGUgTWFnaHJlYiBzdGF0ZXMgYW5kIHRoZSBFdXJvcGVhbiBVbmlvbiBhcmUgZ3VpbHR5IG9mIHN5c3RlbWF0aWMgdmlvbGF0aW9ucyBvZiBpbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsIGxhdyBhbmQgY3JpbWVzIGFnYWluc3Q8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; humanity&#8221;, 7 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See also Refugees in Libya, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iZmlsZTovLy9DOi9Vc2Vycy9hZG1pbi9Eb3dubG9hZHMvQm9vayUyMG9mJTIwU2hhbWUlMjAyMDI1JTIwVm9sLiUyMEkuJTIwLnBkZiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0Ij7igJxCb29rIG9mIFNoYW1lLiBIb3cgVU5IQ1IgRmFpbHMgdG8gUHJvdGVjdCBSZWZ1Z2VlcyBpbiBMaWJ5YSwgVHVuaXNpYSwgYW5kPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Niger&#8221;, 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Migreurop, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL0lNRy9wZGYvZmljaGVfcGF5c19jZXV0YV8wNjI0X29rX2RlZi5wZGYiPuKAnENFVVRBPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Factsheet&#8221;, Isaline Roverato, 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See also Migreurop, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL0lNRy9wZGYvY3BfbWlncmV1cm9wX3J3YW5kYV9qdW5fMjJfLV9mci5wZGYiPuKAnFVL4oCTUndhbmRhIEFncmVlbWVudDogT3V0c291cmNpbmcgQXN5bHVtIHRvIEFmcmljYSwgYSBNYXNzaXZlIERldGVycmVudCBpbjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Europe&#8221;, 20 June 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See on this subject InfoMigrants, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzY4NzkyL2F1dHJpY2hlLS1sZS1yZWdyb3VwZW1lbnQtZmFtaWxpYWwtc3VzcGVuZHUtcG91ci1zaXgtbW9pcy1zdXBwbGVtZW50YWlyZXMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+4oCcQXVzdHJpYTogZmFtaWx5IHJldW5pZmljYXRpb24gc3VzcGVuZGVkIGZvciBhIGZ1cnRoZXIgc2l4PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; months&#8221;, 12 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in particular Amnesty International Austria, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1uZXN0eS5hdC9wcmVzc2UvbmF0aW9uYWxyYXQtYmVzY2hsaWVzc3QtcXVvdGVuc3lzdGVtLWJlaS1mYW1pbGllbnp1c2FtbWVuZnVlaHJ1bmctYW1uZXN0eS13YXJudC12b3ItdmVyc3Rvc3MtZ2VnZW4tbWVuc2NoZW5yZWNodGUvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAmE5hdGlvbmFscmF0IGFkb3B0cyBxdW90YSBzeXN0ZW0gZm9yIGZhbWlseSByZXVuaWZpY2F0aW9uOiBBbW5lc3R5IHdhcm5zIG9mIGh1bWFuIHJpZ2h0czwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; violations', 19 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in particular Cyprus Mail, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9jeXBydXMtbWFpbC5jb20vMjAyNi8wNS8yNy9taWdyYW50LWRpZXMtZm9sbG93aW5nLWJhbGNvbnktanVtcC1kdXJpbmctaW1taWdyYXRpb24tcmFpZCIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj7igJxNaWdyYW50IGRpZXMgZm9sbG93aW5nIGJhbGNvbnkganVtcCBkdXJpbmcgaW1taWdyYXRpb248L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; raid&#8221;, 27 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Cyprus Mail, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9jeXBydXMtbWFpbC5jb20vMjAyNS8wMy8xOS91bmhjci1leHByZXNzZXMtY29uY2Vybi1vdmVyLWFsbGVnZWQtcHVzaGJhY2stb2Ytc3lyaWFuLXJlZnVnZWVzIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAmFVOSENSIGV4cHJlc3NlcyBjb25jZXJuIG92ZXIgYWxsZWdlZCBwdXNoYmFjayBvZiBTeXJpYW48L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; refugees', 19 March 2025 and InfoMigrants, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9ibi9wb3N0LzYwNDMyL2NoeXByZS1jb25kYW1uZWUtcGFyLWxhLWNlZGgtcG91ci1sZS1yZWZvdWxlbWVudC1lbi1tZXItZGUtZGV1eC1zeXJpZW5zIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAmEN5cHJ1cyBjb25kZW1uZWQgYnkgdGhlIEVDSFIgZm9yIHB1c2hpbmcgYmFjayB0d28gU3lyaWFucyBhdDwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; sea', 9 October 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See below&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See, on this subject, The New Arab, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubmV3YXJhYi5jb20vbmV3cy9leWVpbmctbWlncmFudC1yZXR1cm5zLWV1LW1vdmVzLWJvbHN0ZXItc3lyaWEtdGllcyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj7igJhFeWVpbmcgbWlncmFudCByZXR1cm5zLCBFVSBtb3ZlcyB0byBib2xzdGVyIFN5cmlhPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; ties', 12 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See also &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW50ZXJuYXppb25hbGUuaXQvbm90aXppZS9hbm5hbGlzYS1jYW1pbGxpLzIwMjQvMTAvMTgvdHJpYnVuYWxlLWRpLXJvbWEtbWlncmFudGktYWxiYW5pYSIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj7igJxSb21lIGNvdXJ0IGRvZXMgbm90IHVwaG9sZCB0aGUgZGV0ZW50aW9uIG9mIG1pZ3JhbnRzIGluPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Albania&#8221;, 18 October 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See SkyTG24, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly90ZzI0LnNreS5pdC9jcm9uYWNhLzIwMjUvMDYvMDkvY2VudHJpLW1pZ3JhbnRpLWFsYmFuaWEtY29tZS1mdW56aW9uYW5vLWNvc3RpIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAmEhvdyBtaWdyYW50IGNlbnRyZXMgaW4gQWxiYW5pYTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; work', 9 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See also Italian Coalition for Freedom and Civil Rights (CILD), &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9jaWxkLmV1L2Jsb2cvMjAyNS8xMi8xMC9pbC1wcm90b2NvbGxvLWl0YWxpYS1hbGJhbmlhLWFsbGEtY29ydGUtZGktZ2l1c3RpemlhLXVlLyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj7igJxUaGUgSXRhbHktQWxiYW5pYSBQcm90b2NvbCBiZWZvcmUgdGhlIENvdXJ0IG9mIEp1c3RpY2Ugb2YgdGhlPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; EU&#8221;, 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, the International Federation for Human Rights, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmlkaC5vcmcvZnIvcmVnaW9ucy9ldXJvcGUtYXNpZS1jZW50cmFsZS9pcmxhbmRlL2lybGFuZGUtZHUtbm9yZC1sZXMtdmlvbGVuY2VzLWV0LWludGltaWRhdGlvbnMtcmFjaXN0ZXMtZG9pdmVudCIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj7igJhOb3J0aGVybiBJcmVsYW5kOiByYWNpc3QgdmlvbGVuY2UgYW5kIGludGltaWRhdGlvbiBtdXN0PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; stop', 11 June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Nikolas Feith Tan, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY2FtYnJpZGdlLm9yZy9jb3JlL3NlcnZpY2VzL2FvcC1jYW1icmlkZ2UtY29yZS9jb250ZW50L3ZpZXcvMEVDQzBFMjdDNUE1ODZBMjE0QkIzRDg0NkNDQTk3ODgvOTc4MTMxNjUxNzg0MGMxMF8yNTItMjcxLnBkZi9jb21tdW5pdHktc3BvbnNvcnNoaXAtb2YtcmVmdWdlZXMtYW5kLWxvY2FsLWdvdmVybmFuY2UucGRmIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAmENvbW11bml0eSBTcG9uc29yc2hpcCBvZiBSZWZ1Z2VlcyBhbmQgTG9jYWw8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Governance', in &lt;i&gt;Theorising Local Migration Law and Governance&lt;/i&gt;, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2022, pp. 252&#8211;271&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Ibid., p. 258.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See on this subject the short documentary by MSF Frontlines, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cueW91dHViZS5jb20vd2F0Y2g/dj1fS3FPdjNzc25IYyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj7igJhPbmUgaW4sIG9uZSBvdXQ6IHRob3VzYW5kcyBvZiBsaXZlcyBhdDwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; risk', 21 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;On this point, see PICUM, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9waWN1bS5vcmcvYmxvZy9taWdyYW50LXNtdWdnbGluZy13aHktd2UtbmVlZC1hLXBhcmFkaWdtLXNoaWZ0LyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj7igJhNaWdyYW50IHNtdWdnbGluZzogd2h5IHdlIG5lZWQgYSBwYXJhZGlnbTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; shift', 18 July 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Amnesty International, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1uZXN0eS5jaC9mci9wYXlzL3N1aXNzZS9wYXMtZGUtc3Vpc3NlLWEtMTAtbWlsbGlvbnMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+4oCYVGhlIOKAnE5vIFN3aXR6ZXJsYW5kIGF0IDEwIG1pbGxpb27igJ0gaW5pdGlhdGl2ZTogYSBmcm9udGFsIGF0dGFjayBvbiB0aGUgcHJvdGVjdGlvbiBvZiBodW1hbjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; rights', 7 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Jo&#235;l Andriantsimbazovina, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGVjbHViZGVzanVyaXN0ZXMuY29tL2ludGVybmF0aW9uYWwvcHJlc3Npb25zLXBvbGl0aXF1ZXMtc3VyLWxhLWNvdXItZXVyb3BlZW5uZS1kZXMtZHJvaXRzLWRlLWxob21tZS0xMTAzMS8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+4oCYUG9saXRpY2FsIHByZXNzdXJlIG9uIHRoZSBFdXJvcGVhbiBDb3VydCBvZiBIdW1hbjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Rights', Le Club des Juristes, 12 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;A coalition of five Member States has already begun negotiations with third countries with a view to establishing &lt;i&gt;return hubs&lt;/i&gt;. See Euractiv, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZXVyYWN0aXYuY29tL25ld3MvZXUtcmV0dXJuLWh1Yi1iYWNrZXJzLWV5ZS1wYXJ0bmVyLWNvdW50cmllcy1yZXZlYWwtYnktYXV0dW1uLXNheXMtZHV0Y2gtbWluaXN0ZXIvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAnEVVIHJldHVybiBodWJzIHRvIGJlIHJldmVhbGVkIGJ5IGF1dHVtbiwgc2F5cyBEdXRjaDwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; minister&#8221;, 5 June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See Human Rights Watch, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaHJ3Lm9yZy9uZXdzLzIwMjYvMDYvMjYvZGFuZ2Vyb3VzLWV1LW1vbWVudHVtLXRvd2FyZHMtb2Zmc2hvcmUtZGVwb3J0YXRpb24tY2VudGVycyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj7igJhEYW5nZXJvdXMgRVUgTW9tZW50dW0gVG93YXJkcyBPZmZzaG9yZSBEZXBvcnRhdGlvbjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Centres', 26 June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb30&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 30&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;For further reading, see in particular Migreurop, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTYwLmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyIj7igJhBZG9wdGlvbiBvZiB0aGUgRVUg4oCcUmV0dXJu4oCdIFJlZ3VsYXRpb246IHRoZSBkZWF0aCBrbmVsbCBmb3IgaW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbDwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; law', 26 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb31&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh31&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 31&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Agreements with Libya or Turkey are further examples.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb32&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh32&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 32&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;For further information, see Human Rights Watch, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaHJ3Lm9yZy9uZXdzLzIwMjUvMDkvMDIvZ2VuZGVyLWFwYXJ0aGVpZC1hcy1hbi1pbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsLWNyaW1lIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAmEdlbmRlciBBcGFydGhlaWQgYXMgYW4gSW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbCBDcmltZTogVGFsaWJhbiBPcHByZXNzaW9uIGluIEFmZ2hhbmlzdGFuIFRyaWdnZXJzPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Campaign', 2 September 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb33&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh33&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 33&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See also Amnesty International, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1uZXN0eS5vcmcvZnIvbG9jYXRpb24vYXNpYS1hbmQtdGhlLXBhY2lmaWMvc291dGgtYXNpYS9hZmdoYW5pc3Rhbi9yZXBvcnQtYWZnaGFuaXN0YW4vIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAmEFmZ2hhbmlzdGFuOiB0aGUgaHVtYW4gcmlnaHRzIHNpdHVhdGlvbiBpbiAyMDI14oCZLCAyMDI2PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
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	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Revue de presse mai/juin 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3599.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3599.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-07-09T16:27:48Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Egypte</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Libye</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Maroc</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Rwanda</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Autriche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Chypre</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Manche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Gr&#232;ce</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Albanie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Afghanistan</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Suisse</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Enfermement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation des fronti&#232;res</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Politiques migratoires</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pays s&#251;rs</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Renvois forc&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Surveillance et contr&#244;le</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;&#201;gypte/UE EuroNews, &#171; EU pays Egypt billions to manage migration &#8212; Cairo says it is not enough &#187;, le 21 mai 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Face &#224; la crise de l'accueil &#224; laquelle l'&#201;gypte est actuellement confront&#233;e, le Caire presse l'UE d'augmenter ses financements en mati&#232;re de &#171; gestion des migrations &#187;.Le r&#233;gime juge &#171; insuffisante &#187; l'enveloppe de 200 millions d'euros d&#233;di&#233;e dont le pays b&#233;n&#233;ficie actuellement, pour la p&#233;riode 2024-2027. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Depuis presque 30 ans partenaire cl&#233; de l'Union en mati&#232;re (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation des fronti&#232;res&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot204.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Politiques migratoires&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot214.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pays s&#251;rs&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Renvois forc&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Surveillance et contr&#244;le&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/visuel_rp-3-68eca.png?1783614546' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;&#201;gypte/UE&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;&#201;gypte/UE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libye&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Libye&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Maroc&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Maroc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Rwanda/Royaume-Uni&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Rwanda/Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Autriche&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Autriche&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Chypre&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Chypre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Gr&#232;ce&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italie/Albanie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Italie/Albanie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Su&#232;de&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni/France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;Royaume-Uni/France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Suisse&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_11'&gt;Suisse&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;D&#233;claration de Chisinau&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_12'&gt;D&#233;claration de Chisinau&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Entr&#233;e en application du Pacte migration et asile&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_13'&gt;Entr&#233;e en application du (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Adoption d&#233;finitive du r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_14'&gt;Adoption d&#233;finitive du r&#232;gleme&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Une d&#233;l&#233;gation de Talibans &#224; Bruxelles&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_15'&gt;Une d&#233;l&#233;gation de Talibans (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&#201;gypte/UE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;EuroNews, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZXVyb25ld3MuY29tLzIwMjYvMDUvMjEvZXUtcGF5cy1lZ3lwdC1iaWxsaW9ucy10by1tYW5hZ2UtbWlncmF0aW9uLWNhaXJvLXNheXMtaXQtaXMtbm90LWVub3VnaCIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57RVUgcGF5cyBFZ3lwdCBiaWxsaW9ucyB0byBtYW5hZ2UgbWlncmF0aW9uICZtZGFzaDsgQ2Fpcm8gc2F5cyBpdCBpcyBub3QgZW5vdWdofTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 21 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Face &#224; la crise de l'accueil &#224; laquelle l'&#201;gypte est actuellement confront&#233;e, le Caire presse l'UE d'augmenter ses financements en mati&#232;re de &#171; gestion des migrations &#187;.Le r&#233;gime juge &#171; insuffisante &#187; l'enveloppe de 200 millions d'euros d&#233;di&#233;e dont le pays b&#233;n&#233;ficie actuellement, pour la p&#233;riode 2024-2027.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis presque 30 ans partenaire cl&#233; de l'Union en mati&#232;re d'externalisation des fronti&#232;res &#8211; pilier de la politique migratoire europ&#233;enne &#8211;, l'&#201;gypte dispose d'un levier de n&#233;gociation consid&#233;rable. Il ne serait d&#232;s lors pas surprenant que les financements europ&#233;ens soient effectivement revus &#224; la hausse, dans une p&#233;riode historique o&#249; les entraves &#224; la mobilit&#233; sont devenues une priorit&#233; absolue pour l'UE.Ce, en d&#233;pit des violations syst&#233;matiques des droits des personnes migrantes dans le pays : les exil&#233;&#183;es en &#201;gypte sont d&#233;tenu&#183;es arbitrairement dans des conditions inhumaines et d&#233;gradantes, et les refoulements continuent d'augmenter&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet la fiche d'information d'EuroMed Droits, &#171; &#187;, juin 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh2-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En mars 2026, des expert&#183;es ind&#233;pendant&#183;es mandat&#233;&#183;es par le Conseil des droits de l'Homme de l'ONU ont par ailleurs alert&#233; sur une intensification des expulsions et des violations des droits fondamentaux visant les personnes exil&#233;es sur le territoire &#233;gyptien, en particulier les ressortissant&#183;es soudanais&#183;es et syrien&#183;nes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir HCDH, &#171; &#187;, 6 mars 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh2-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Libye&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZnJhbmNlMjQuY29tL2ZyL2V1cm9wZS8yMDI2MDUxOS1saWJ5ZS1hbmdlLWRlLWxhLW1vcnQtYW5jaWVuLWRpcmVjdGV1ci1wcmlzb24tbGlieWVuLWNwaS1raGFsZWQtZWwtaGlzaHJpIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnsmbmJzcDt9e0wmIzgyMTc7YW5nZSBkZSBsYSBtb3J0JiM4MjE3OyZuYnNwOzogdW4gYW5jaWVuIGRpcmVjdGV1ciBkZSBwcmlzb24gbGlieWVuIGRldmFudCBsYSBDUEl9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 19 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Du 19 au 21 mai, comparaissait devant la Cour p&#233;nale internationale (CPI), en audience pr&#233;liminaire, Khaled Mohamed Ali El Hishri, membre libyen de la milice des forces sp&#233;ciales de dissuasion et haut responsable de la prison de Mitiga &#224; Tripoli, o&#249; il aurait directement commis, ordonn&#233; et facilit&#233; de multiples crimes entre 2014 et 2020 (crimes de guerre, crimes contre l'humanit&#233;, tortures, viols, meurtres, et autres pers&#233;cutions). Ses victimes auraient &#233;t&#233; cibl&#233;es en fonction de leur genre, de leur origine ethnique, de leur orientation sexuelle et de leur statut migratoire. El Hishri est le premier suspect &#224; compara&#238;tre devant la CPI pour des atrocit&#233;s commises en Libye contre les personnes exil&#233;es,dans le cadre de l'enqu&#234;te men&#233;e depuis 2011 par la Cour, sous mandat de l'ONU&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;14 personnes, dont E Hishri,font actuellement l'objet de mandats (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Apr&#232;s des d&#233;cennies d'impunit&#233;, l'ouverture de ces audiences constitue une avanc&#233;e importante pour les victimes du syst&#232;me de d&#233;tention libyen, aliment&#233; et soutenu par l'Europe &#224; travers ses politiques d'externalisation des fronti&#232;res. La coop&#233;ration de l'UE et de ses &#201;tats membres (notamment l'Italie) avec la Libye repose sur trois piliers : le soutien technique et l'assistance apport&#233;s au &#171; d&#233;partement libyen de lutte contre l'immigration ill&#233;gale &#187; (DCIM) - qui g&#232;re les camps et les prisons o&#249; les personnes migrantes subissent de graves violations des droits humains - ; la formation et l'&#233;quipement des garde-c&#244;tes libyens afin d'intercepter les personnes en mer et de les refouler vers la Libye ; la conclusion d'accords avec les autorit&#233;s locales libyennes et les groupes arm&#233;s en vue de renforcer les contr&#244;les des fronti&#232;res dans le sud du pays&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Amnesty International, &#171; &#187;, 12 d&#233;cembre 2017&#034; id=&#034;nh2-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En poursuivant et en renfor&#231;ant ses relations avec la Libye en mati&#232;re de migrations, l'UE se rend complice des crimes aujourd'hui examin&#233;s par la CPI, ainsi que de l'impunit&#233; dont continuent de b&#233;n&#233;ficier plusieurs de leurs auteurs&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour en savoir plus, voir le communiqu&#233; de Refugees in Libya, &#171; &#187;, 11 mai 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh2-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.Le cas de Najim Isama Almasri illustre bien cette complicit&#233; de longue date. Ancien chef de la police judiciaire libyenne et complice d'El Hishri dans la gestion de Mitiga, il fait lui aussi l'objet d'un mandat d'arr&#234;t international de la CPI.Lorsqu'il se trouvait sur le territoire italien d&#233;but 2025, Rome l'a renvoy&#233; en Libye &#224; bord d'un vol d'&#201;tat, sans le remettre &#224; la Cour&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ce refus de coop&#233;rer avec la Cour a valu &#224; l'Italie deux plaintes devant la (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Almasri a r&#233;cemment &#233;t&#233; condamn&#233; par un tribunal de Tripoli &#224; 7 ans et 4 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 5 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis d&#233;but juin, les Africain&#183;es d'origine subsaharienne en Libye sont la cible d'une chasse aux migrant&#183;es men&#233;e &#224; la fois par des citoyen&#183;nes hostiles, par les forces de police et par des milices locales. Beaucoup se cachent et n'osent plus sortir de chez eux de peur d'&#234;tre attaqu&#233;&#183;es. Cette vague de violences fait suite &#224; des manifestations anti-immigration devant les locaux du Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r&#233;fugi&#233;s (HCR) &#224; Tripoli, d&#233;clench&#233;es par de fausses informations diffus&#233;es sur les r&#233;seaux sociauxsur l'existence d'un programme imaginaire de r&#233;installation de r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es en Libye. Les manifestant&#183;es r&#233;clamaient le d&#233;part du HCR de Libye et la cessation des activit&#233;s des services d'aide aux r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es. Le HCR s'est dit inquiet des discours de haine des manifestant&#183;es, et a indiqu&#233; travailler en coop&#233;ration avec les autorit&#233;s libyennespour trouver des solutions aux personnes qui ont fui les conflits.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pourtant, ces m&#234;mes autorit&#233;s ont men&#233;, dans le cadre de cette escalade de violence, des rafles massives dans les quartiers o&#249; vivent les personnes exil&#233;es. Il convient par ailleurs de pr&#233;ciser que les rafles et les arrestations arbitraires de personnes migrantes par les autorit&#233;s libyennes sont delongue daterecens&#233;es en Libye. Les personnes concern&#233;&#183;es sont d&#233;tenu&#183;es dans des conditions inhumaines et soumis&#183;es &#224; la torture. Les faits de violences physiques, psychologiques et sexuelles ainsi que l'abandon &#224; la mort dans le d&#233;sert ont &#233;t&#233; &#233;galement largement document&#233;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet les informations relatives &#224; la Libye sur Migreurop, &#171; &#187;, 7 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le HCR, dont le mandat est de prot&#233;ger les r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es en Libye, semble en r&#233;alit&#233; servir de &#171; caution humanitaire &#187; pour permettre aux &#201;tats europ&#233;ens de poursuivreleur coop&#233;ration avec un &#201;tat failli, o&#249; les droits sont syst&#233;matiquement bafou&#233;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Refugees in Libya, &#171; &#187;, 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh2-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Maroc&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcxMjg3L29uLXRlLXRyYWl0ZS1jb21tZS1kdS1iZXRhaWwtLWRlcy1taWdyYW50cy1hcnJldGVzLWF1LW1hcm9jLXN1ci1sYS1yb3V0ZS1kZS1tZWxpbGxhLXJhY29udGVudC1sZXVyLWNhbHZhaXJlIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnsmbmJzcDt9eyYjODIxNztPbiB0ZSB0cmFpdGUgY29tbWUgZHUgYsOpdGFpbCYjODIxNzsmbmJzcDs6IGRlcyBtaWdyYW50cyBhcnLDqnTDqXMgYXUgTWFyb2Mgc3VyIGxhIHJvdXRlIGRlIE1lbGlsbGEgcmFjb250ZW50IGxldXIgY2FsdmFpcmV9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 8 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fin avril, sept personnes de nationalit&#233; mauritanienne ont tent&#233; de franchir la seule fronti&#232;re terrestre entre le Maroc et l'enclave de Melilla, sous contr&#244;le espagnol. Arr&#234;t&#233;es par la police, elles ont &#233;t&#233; soumises &#224; des traitements d&#233;gradants (dont passages &#224; tabac et vol de leurs effets personnels) avant d'&#234;tre refoul&#233;es &#224; la fronti&#232;re maroco-alg&#233;rienne.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce type de violence est une r&#233;alit&#233; quotidienne pour les personnes qui tentent de rejoindre les territoires de Ceuta et Melilla, situ&#233;es sur le continent africain mais sous contr&#244;le europ&#233;en. La fronti&#232;re entre le territoire marocain et ces enclaves est hautement militaris&#233;e : au fil des ann&#233;es, de hautes barri&#232;res ont &#233;t&#233; &#233;rig&#233;es et un dispositif dense de radars, cam&#233;ras thermiques et infrarouges a &#233;t&#233; d&#233;ploy&#233; tout au long de la ligne frontali&#232;re, dans le but d'emp&#234;cher toute arriv&#233;e sur le sol europ&#233;en. Les refoulements y sont syst&#233;matiques et s'accompagnent souvent de violences physiques et de vols, perp&#233;tr&#233;s tant par les forces marocaines que par les forces espagnoles, dont la collaboration en mati&#232;re de migrations remonte &#224; 1992 (accord sur la circulation des personnes, du transit et de la r&#233;admission des &#233;trangers entr&#233;s ill&#233;galement). Cette coop&#233;ration s'est depuis consolid&#233;e par une s&#233;rie d'accords d'externalisation (entre l'Espagne et le Maroc, mais aussi entre l'UE et le Maroc), qui ont fait de ce pays une v&#233;ritable &#171; zone de blocage &#187; des migrations. Les violations syst&#233;matiques des droits humains &#224; Ceuta et Melilla sont embl&#233;matiques du processus de construction d'une Europe verrouill&#233;e, et se poursuivent en toute impunit&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; &#187;, Isaline Roverato, 2024&#034; id=&#034;nh2-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rwanda/Royaume-Uni&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmJjLmNvbS9uZXdzL2FydGljbGVzL2N5NTI2a2xyazIwbyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57VUsgd2lucyBjb3VydCBjYXNlIG92ZXIgY29sbGFwc2VkIFJ3YW5kYSBhc3lsdW0gZGVhbH08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, le 1er juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Cour permanente d'arbitrage (CPA) a rejet&#233; la demande d'indemnisation pr&#233;sent&#233;e par le Rwanda &#224; l'encontre du Royaume-Uni, dans le cadre de l'annulation de l'arrangement migratoire conclu entre les deux &#201;tats en 2022. L'objectif de cet accord informel &#233;tait d'expulser vers le Rwanda les personnes &#233;trang&#232;res arriv&#233;es sur le territoire britannique de mani&#232;re dite &#171; irr&#233;guli&#232;re &#187;, dontla demande de protection avait &#233;t&#233; d&#233;clar&#233;e irrecevable. La Cour supr&#234;me britannique avait d&#233;clar&#233; cet arrangement ill&#233;gal du fait que le Rwanda ne pouvait &#234;tre consid&#233;r&#233; comme un pays s&#251;r pour les exil&#233;&#183;es. En 2024, sous le gouvernement Starmer, l'accord avait finalement &#233;t&#233; annul&#233; et les paiements suspendus. Le Rwanda avait alors engag&#233; une proc&#233;dure d'arbitrage en janvier 2026, r&#233;clamant au Royaume-Uni une indemnisation de 50 millions de livres sterling.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se cl&#244;t ainsi un contentieux qui illustre bien la logique marchande propre &#224; l'externalisation, qui r&#233;duit les exil&#233;&#183;es &#224; une monnaie d'&#233;change permettant d'un c&#244;t&#233; aux pays europ&#233;ens de se d&#233;barrasser des personnes consid&#233;r&#233;es &#171; ind&#233;sirables &#187;, et de l'autre aux r&#233;gimes autoritaires non europ&#233;ens de s'assurer des rentr&#233;es financi&#232;res et d'obtenir une r&#233;habilitation diplomatique en tant que partenaires l&#233;gitimes aupr&#232;s des pays europ&#233;ens&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens Migreurop, &#171; &#187;, 20 juin 2022&#034; id=&#034;nh2-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Autriche&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9lbi9wb3N0LzcxNTA0L2F1c3RyaWEtbGltaXRzLXJlZnVnZWUtZmFtaWx5LXJldW5pZmljYXRpb24tdW5kZXItbmV3LXF1b3RhLXN5c3RlbSIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiBocmVmbGFuZz0iZnIiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntBdXN0cmlhIGxpbWl0cyByZWZ1Z2VlIGZhbWlseSByZXVuaWZpY2F0aW9uIHVuZGVyIG5ldyBxdW90YSBzeXN0ZW19PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 21 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Parlement autrichien a adopt&#233; une nouvelle loi instaurant des plafonds annuels pour le regroupement familial, dont le niveau n'a pas encore &#233;t&#233; fix&#233;. Cette loi fait suite &#224; une mesure de suspension des proc&#233;dures de regroupement familial adopt&#233;e en 2025, motiv&#233;e par une pr&#233;tendue &#171; surcharge &#187; des services sociaux, et adopt&#233;e en invoquant de mani&#232;re injustifi&#233;e la &#171; clause d'urgence &#187; pr&#233;vue &#224; l'article 72 du Trait&#233; sur le fonctionnement de l'Union europ&#233;enne&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &#187;, 12 d&#233;cembre 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh2-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Avec l'introduction de ce syst&#232;me de quotas, l'Autriche bafoue ses obligations en mati&#232;re d'accueil et de protection : la loi entra&#238;nera une s&#233;paration des familles, en violation du droit &#224; la vie familiale prot&#233;g&#233; par l'article 8 de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, ainsi que de la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l'UE et de la Cour europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, qui ont &#233;tabli l'irr&#233;gularit&#233; de quotasappliqu&#233;s au regroupement familial en l'absence d'examen individuel de chaque situation&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Amnesty International Austriche, &#171; &#187;, 19 mai 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh2-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2M4Ij48L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chypre&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;CyprusMail, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9jeXBydXMtbWFpbC5jb20vMjAyNi8wNi8wOC9ldS1lYXJtYXJrcy1lODAwbS1mb3ItY3lwcnVzLXRvLXRhY2tsZS1pbW1pZ3JhdGlvbiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57RVUgZWFybWFya3Mg4oKsODAwbSBmb3IgQ3lwcnVzIHRvIHRhY2tsZSBpbW1pZ3JhdGlvbn08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 8 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chypre recevra 800 millions d'euros de l'UE pour la p&#233;riode 2028-2034, destin&#233;s &#224; la &#171; gestion de l'immigration &#187;, soit une hausse de 70 % par rapport aux 480 millions allou&#233;s pour la p&#233;riode 2021-2027.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Jusqu'ici, les financements europ&#233;ens ont &#233;t&#233; utilis&#233;s pour construire des camps, &#224; faciliter les renvois forc&#233;s(Chypre a enregistr&#233; ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es un nombre d'expulsions de personnes migrantes sans pr&#233;c&#233;dent), ou &#224; renforcer les op&#233;rations de d&#233;tection des personnes d&#233;pourvues de droit au s&#233;jour. Fin mai, trois personnes exil&#233;es ont saut&#233; d'un balcon &#224; Larnaca pour &#233;chapper aux rafles qui s'intensifient dans le pays. L'une d'elles est d&#233;c&#233;d&#233;e&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Cyprus Mail, &#171; &#187;, 27 mai 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh2-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chypre a &#233;t&#233; &#224; plusieurs reprises accus&#233;e et reconnue coupable de violations des droits des personnes migrantes, notamment de refoulements&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Cyprus Mail, &#171; &#187;, 19 mars 2025 et InfoMigrants, &#171; &#187;, 9 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Pourtant, la partie sud de l'&#238;le continuera de b&#233;n&#233;ficier du soutien et de la collaboration de l'UE dans ses politiques migratoires attentatoires aux droits et &#224; la vie des exil&#233;&#183;es.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2M5Ij48L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Al Jazeera, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYWxqYXplZXJhLmNvbS9uZXdzLzIwMjYvNi8xL2dyZWVjZS1yZW9wZW5zLXN5cmlhbi1hbmQtYWZnaGFuLWFzeWx1bS1jYXNlcy1ob3BpbmctZm9yLXJldHVybnMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e0dyZWVjZSByZW9wZW5zIFN5cmlhbiBhbmQgQWZnaGFuIGFzeWx1bSBjYXNlcywgaG9waW5nIGZvciByZXR1cm5zfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 1 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis f&#233;vrier, la Gr&#232;ce a rouvert l'ensemble des dossiers d'asile susceptibles d'&#234;tre rejet&#233;s. Dans ce cadre, les dossiers des ressortissant&#183;es syrien&#183;nes et afghan&#183;es, et particuli&#232;rement des hommes, font l'objet d'un r&#233;examen quasi syst&#233;matique, avec des taux de rejet en forte hausse.Cette r&#233;vision r&#233;v&#233;lerait une volont&#233; politique plus large de se d&#233;barrasser des exil&#233;&#183;es musulman&#183;es ou originaires de pays &#224; majorit&#233; musulmane, en les expulsant vers des r&#233;gimes o&#249; de graves violations des droits humains sont document&#233;es. Le ministre de la migration et de l'asile, Athanasios Plevris, a par ailleurs assum&#233; ce virage raciste sans d&#233;tour lors d'une r&#233;cente audition parlementaire, d&#233;clarant que la Gr&#232;ce pr&#233;f&#233;rait accueillir des travailleur&#183;ses migrant&#183;es non musulman&#183;es.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La strat&#233;gie grecque s'inscrit dans un climat europ&#233;en de racisme et d'islamophobie croissants. Plusieurs pays europ&#233;ens, l'Allemagne au premier rang, envisagent d&#233;sormais des renvois forc&#233;s de ressortissant&#183;es afghan&#183;es et syrien&#183;nes, en d&#233;pit de la situation extr&#234;mement dangereuse dans leurs pays d'origine. L'Union europ&#233;enne elle-m&#234;me a accueilli une d&#233;l&#233;gation talibane &#224; Bruxelles le 23 juin, afin de n&#233;gocier les expulsions des Afghan&#183;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voirci-dessous&#034; id=&#034;nh2-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, et a renouvel&#233; son accord de coop&#233;ration avec la Syrie - mettant fin &#224; lasuspension partielle en vigueur depuis 2011 -, ce qui refl&#232;te une volont&#233; d'acc&#233;l&#233;rer les renvois forc&#233;s des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es syrien&#183;nes r&#233;sidant dans toute l'Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet The New Arab, &#171; &#187;, le 12 mai 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh2-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2MxMCI+PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italie/Albanie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;La Repubblica, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucmVwdWJibGljYS5pdC9wb2xpdGljYS8yMDI2LzA1LzExL25ld3MvcGFsYXp6b19jaGlnaV9jZW50cmlfYWxiYW5pYV9taWdyYW50aV9odWJfZnJvbnRpZXJhLTQyNTMzNjU5Mi8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e1BhbGF6em8gQ2hpZ2kgY2kgcmlwcm92YSZuYnNwOzogJiM4MjIwO05laSBjZW50cmkgaW4gQWxiYW5pYSBpIG1pZ3JhbnRpIHByZXNpIGluIG1hcmUmIzgyMjE7fXsmbmJzcDt9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 11 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le gouvernement italien travaillerait actuellement sur un nouveau d&#233;cret dans le cadre du protocole d'accord Italie-Albanie (2023). Le but serait de revenir au projet initial d'externaliser dans les camps de Sh&#235;ngjin et Gjad&#235;r&#8211; sous juridiction italienne - le traitement acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233; des demandes d'asile. Les personnes concern&#233;es sont les migrant&#183;esintercept&#233;&#183;es en mer par les autorit&#233;s italiennes, originaires de pays dits &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; et consid&#233;r&#233;es &#171; non vuln&#233;rables &#187;. Selon le gouvernement, ce changement serait rendu possible par le Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile, entr&#233; en application le 12 juin 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le projet initial avait jusqu'ici &#233;t&#233; frein&#233; par plusieurs d&#233;cisions de justice, le tribunal de Rome ayant &#224; plusieurs reprises refus&#233; de valider la r&#233;tention dans les camps en Albanie, estimant que les pays d'origine des personnes concern&#233;es, comme le Bangladesh ou l'&#201;gypte, ne pouvaient &#234;tre consid&#233;r&#233;s comme &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; au regard du droit europ&#233;en&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet &#171; &#187;, 18 octobre 2024&#034; id=&#034;nh2-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Pour &#233;viter que ces camps ne deviennent inutilisables, l'Italie les a donc convertis en 2025 en centres de r&#233;tention et d'expulsion italiens (CPR)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet SkyTG24, &#171; &#187;, 9 juin 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh2-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.L'entr&#233;e en application du Pacte pourrait toutefois lever ces obstacles. Le Pacte permet en effet de qualifier un pays de partiellement &#171; s&#251;r &#187; et facilite le recours aux proc&#233;dures acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;es pour les ressortissant&#183;es de pays dont le taux de reconnaissance de l'asile est faible (&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 10 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;]].&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mais des doutes persistent encore, notamment quant &#224; la possibilit&#233;, pour l'Italie, ded&#233;tenirdes demandeur&#183;euses d'asile en proc&#233;dure normale sur un territoire situ&#233; en dehors de l'UE, une question soumise &#224; la Cour de justice de l'Union europ&#233;enne (CJUE), qui devrait se prononcer dans les prochains mois&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Coalizione italiana libert&#224; e diritti civili (CILD), &#171; &#187;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2MxMSI+PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcxOTMxL3N1ZWRlLS1sZS1wYXJsZW1lbnQtdm90ZS11bmUtbG9pLW9ibGlnZWFudC1sZXMtYWRtaW5pc3RyYXRpb25zLXB1YmxpcXVlcy1hLWRlbm9uY2VyLWxlcy1zYW5zcGFwaWVycyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57U3XDqGRlJm5ic3A7OiBsZSBQYXJsZW1lbnQgdm90ZSB1bmUgbG9pIG9ibGlnZWFudCBsZXMgYWRtaW5pc3RyYXRpb25zIHB1YmxpcXVlcyDDoCBkw6lub25jZXIgbGVzIHNhbnMtcGFwaWVyc308L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 16 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lundi 15 juin, le Parlement su&#233;dois a adopt&#233; deux projets de loi visant &#224; intensifier les expulsions des personnes exil&#233;es. La premi&#232;re mesure, dite &#171; snitch law &#187; (loi sur la d&#233;lation), oblige six administrations publiques (emploi, retraites, imp&#244;ts, dettes, assurance sociale et administration p&#233;nitentiaire) &#224; signaler &#224; la police les personnes sans titre de s&#233;jour avec lesquelles leurs fonctionnaires entrent en contact. La deuxi&#232;me, dite loi de &#171; bonne conduite &#187;, pr&#233;voit l'expulsion des personnes &#233;trang&#232;res r&#233;sidant en Su&#232;de qui ne m&#232;neraient pas une &#171; vie honn&#234;te &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ces mesures instaurent en Su&#232;de un appareil &#233;tatique de contr&#244;le et de coercition, qui entra&#238;nera du profilage racial, des discriminations au faci&#232;s et de graves atteintes &#224; l'acc&#232;s aux droits des personnes migrantes. La &#171; snitch law &#187; risque d'emp&#234;cher l'acc&#232;s aux droits sociaux des personnes exil&#233;es, qui pourraient renoncer &#224; des services essentiels, y compris &#224; se rendre &#224; l'h&#244;pital ou &#224; l'&#233;cole, de peur d'&#234;tre&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;d&#233;nonc&#233;&#183;es. En mettant en &#339;uvre l'utilisation syst&#233;matique des administrations et des services publics comme outils de surveillance, elle pr&#233;figure le r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187; - adopt&#233; le 17 juin par le Parlement europ&#233;en -, qui autorise les rafles dans les lieux publics et les domiciles priv&#233;s. La loi de &#171; bonne conduite &#187;, quant &#224; elle, ne pr&#233;cise pas les crit&#232;res permettant de d&#233;finir ce qui constituerait une &#171; mauvaise conduite &#187;. Son caract&#232;re discr&#233;tionnaire expose les personnes exil&#233;es au risque de se voir refuser ou r&#233;voquer leur titre de s&#233;jour sur la base de comportements qui ne sont ni ill&#233;gaux ni sanctionn&#233;s pour les citoyen&#183;nes su&#233;dois&#183;es. Il s'agit de la mise en place d&#233;lib&#233;r&#233;e d'une incertitude juridique et d'une mise sous condition des droits, dissuasive et contraire &#224; l'&#201;tat de droit. Elles pousseront &#224; la peur et &#224; l'autocensure parmi les personnes migrantes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2MxMyI+PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZnJhbmNlMjQuY29tL2ZyL2V1cm9wZS8yMDI2MDYwOS1hdHRhcXVlLSVDMyVBMC1iZWxmYXN0LWxlcy1hdXRvcml0JUMzJUE5cy1hcHBlbGxlbnQtYXUtY2FsbWUtZmFjZS1hdS1yaXNxdWUtZGUtdmlvbGVuY2VzLWFudGktaW1taWdyJUMzJUE5cyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiBocmVmbGFuZz0iZnIiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntWaW9sZW50ZXMgbWFuaWZlc3RhdGlvbnMgYW50aS1pbW1pZ3JhdGlvbiDDoCBCZWxmYXN0IGFwcsOocyB1bmUgYXR0YXF1ZSBpbXB1dMOpZSDDoCB1biByw6lmdWdpw6l9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, le 9 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZnJhbmNlMjQuY29tL2ZyL2V1cm9wZS8yMDI2MDYxMy0lQzMlQTAtYmVsZmFzdC11bi12YXN0ZS1yYXNzZW1ibGVtZW50LWNvbnRyZS1sZS1yYWNpc21lLWFwciVDMyVBOHMtZGVzLSVDMyVBOW1ldXRlcy1hbnRpLWltbWlnciVDMyVBOXMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgaHJlZmxhbmc9ImZyIiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57w4AgQmVsZmFzdCwgdW4gdmFzdGUgcmFzc2VtYmxlbWVudCBjb250cmUgbGUgcmFjaXNtZSBhcHLDqHMgZGVzIMOpbWV1dGVzIGFudGktaW1taWdyw6lzfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;le 13 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 9 juin, des manifestations anti-immigr&#233;&#183;es se sont tenues &#224; Belfast (Irlande du Nord) au lendemain d'une attaque au couteau imput&#233;e &#224; un ressortissant soudanais, dont la vid&#233;o a &#233;t&#233; diffus&#233;e sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux. Des groupes n&#233;ofascistes organis&#233;s ont incendi&#233; des voitures et des logements appartenant pour la plupart &#224; des personnes exil&#233;es. Quelques jours plus tard, une grande manifestation antiraciste a &#233;t&#233; organis&#233;e pour d&#233;noncer cette vague de violence raciste.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cet &#233;pisode illustre un m&#233;canisme bien connu dans plusieurs pays europ&#233;ens et au-del&#224; : un d&#233;lit ou crime commis par une personne &#233;trang&#232;re est instrumentalis&#233; pour cibler des communaut&#233;s enti&#232;res de personnes exil&#233;es et l&#233;gitimer &#224; leur encontre des attaques violentes et des intimidations &#224; caract&#232;re racial. Cette dynamique s'inscrit dans un contexte de forte mont&#233;e du racisme et de l'extr&#234;me droite au Royaume-Uni - visible tant sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux que dans l'espace public (fresques murales incitant &#224; la haine raciale, rassemblements anti-migrant&#183;es...)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment F&#233;d&#233;ration Internationale pour les Droits Humains, &#171; &#187;, 11 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; - qui menace la vie et la s&#233;curit&#233; des personnes exil&#233;es et des personnes non blanches.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcyMTE5L2F1LXJveWF1bWV1bmktbGUtZ291dmVybmVtZW50LXZldXQtZXRlbmRyZS1sYWNjdWVpbC1wYXJyYWluZS1kZXMtcmVmdWdpZXMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e0F1IFJveWF1bWUtVW5pLCBsZSBnb3V2ZXJuZW1lbnQgdmV1dCDDqXRlbmRyZSBsJiM4MjE3O2FjY3VlaWwgcGFycmFpbsOpIGRlcyByw6lmdWdpw6lzfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 30 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 30 juin, la ministre britannique de l'int&#233;rieur, Shabana Mahmood,&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ292LnVrL2dvdmVybm1lbnQvbmV3cy9tYWhtb29kLW15cmVmb3Jtcy13aWxsLXNhdmUtdGhlLWFzeWx1bS1zeXN0ZW0tZm9yLWEtZ2VuZXJhdGlvbiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5hIGFubm9uY8OpPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; la mise en place d'un syst&#232;me d'accueil des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es par parrainage, qui entrera en vigueur &#224; l'automne 2027. Concr&#232;tement, des universit&#233;s, entreprises et autres organisations pourront d&#233;sormais parrainer une personne reconnue r&#233;fugi&#233;e au sens de l'article 1 de la&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cub2hjaHIub3JnL2ZyL2luc3RydW1lbnRzLW1lY2hhbmlzbXMvaW5zdHJ1bWVudHMvY29udmVudGlvbi1yZWxhdGluZy1zdGF0dXMtcmVmdWdlZXMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+Q29udmVudGlvbiBkZSBHZW7DqHZlIGRlIDE5NTE8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, lui permettant de s'installer l&#233;galement au Royaume-Uni. Ce sont les organisations en charge de ce parrainagequi seront responsables du logement, de l'int&#233;gration et de l'assistance &#224; l'insertion professionnelle des personnes s&#233;lectionn&#233;es. Le nombre de b&#233;n&#233;ficiaires potentiels n'a pas encore &#233;t&#233; pr&#233;cis&#233;, et les candidatures resteront soumises &#224; un contr&#244;le gouvernemental strict.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cet annonce intervient dans un contexte de durcissement g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233; de la politique d'asile britannique. Les dispositifs de parrainage sont en effet fr&#233;quemment utilis&#233;s par les gouvernements pour afficher une image de g&#233;n&#233;rosit&#233; s&#233;lective envers les &#171; vrais r&#233;fugi&#233;s &#187; (Mahmood utilise l'expression &#171; &lt;i&gt;genuine refugees&lt;/i&gt; &#187;), tout en d&#233;tournant l'attention des politiques de dissuasion qui demeurent inchang&#233;es, voire renforc&#233;es. Les parrainages deviennent ainsi les instruments d'une politique de tri, qui permettent aux &#201;tats d'avoir des quotas de personnes entrant sur leur territoire, et qui permettent de s&#233;lectionner certaines cat&#233;gories de r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es, selon leur niveau de qualification ou leur religion (on pense notamment aux parrainages par des &#233;glises)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Nikolas Feith Tan, &#171; &#187;, dansTheorizing Local Migration Law (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. L'&#201;tat se d&#233;sengage par ailleurs de ses responsabilit&#233;s en mati&#232;re de protection et d'asile, en transf&#233;rant au secteur priv&#233; une obligation qui lui incombe l&#233;galement. Au-del&#224; des b&#233;n&#233;fices individuels dont peuvent jouir les personnes s&#233;lectionn&#233;es, ce dispositif, qui s'inscrit dans un contexte britannique hautement r&#233;pressif &#224; l'&#233;gard des exil&#233;&#183;es, risque de d&#233;naturer l'esprit du droit d'asile, qui pourrait alors &#234;tre r&#233;duit &#224; &#171; une entreprise d'immigration n&#233;olib&#233;rale et privatis&#233;e, r&#233;serv&#233;e aux seuls migrants hautement qualifi&#233;s et &#233;duqu&#233;s, ou &#224; certains groupes ethniques ou religieux &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibidem, p. 258.&#034; id=&#034;nh2-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2MxNCI+PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Royaume-Uni/France&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGVtb25kZS5mci9pbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsL2FydGljbGUvMjAyNi8wNi8yMy9taWdyYXRpb24tdW4tcHJlbWllci1wYXMtdmVycy11bmUtZXVyb3BlYW5pc2F0aW9uLWRlLWxhLWdlc3Rpb24tZGVzLXRyYXZlcnNlZXMtZGUtbGEtbWFuY2hlXzY3MDg1ODFfMzIxMC5odG1sP3NlYXJjaC10eXBlPWNsYXNzaWMmYW1wO2lzZV9jbGlja19yYW5rPTIiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+eyBNaWdyYXRpb24mbmJzcDs6IHVuIHByZW1pZXIgcGFzIHZlcnMgdW5lIGV1cm9ww6lhbmlzYXRpb24gZGUgbGEgZ2VzdGlvbiBkZXMgdHJhdmVyc8OpZXMgZGUgbGEgTWFuY2hlfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 23 juin &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'accord &#171; One in, one out &#187; (2025) entre la France et le Royaume-Uni ne sera pas renouvel&#233; apr&#232;s octobre 2026. Il sera remplac&#233; par un &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ob21lLWFmZmFpcnMuZWMuZXVyb3BhLmV1L2RvY3VtZW50L2Rvd25sb2FkL2VlNTIxYTljLWVmZmUtNDk0Zi1hZTYxLTY1ZmZjZjc3OGU0Nl9lbj9maWxlbmFtZT1FVSBBY3Rpb24gUGxhbiBmb3IgdGhlIENoYW5uZWwgcm91dGUucGRmIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnBsYW4gZCYjODIxNzthY3Rpb24gZGUgbGEgQ29tbWlzc2lvbiBldXJvcMOpZW5uZTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;pour la route migratoire de la Manche, &#233;labor&#233; en partenariat avec le Royaume-Uni et publi&#233; le 16 juin.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'accord &#171; One in, one out &#187; pr&#233;voit actuellement que pour chaque demandeur&#183;euse d'asile que le Royaume-Uni s'engage &#224; accueillir par &#171; voie l&#233;gale &#187;, la France accepte en retour de r&#233;admettre sur son territoire une personne arriv&#233;e au Royaume-Uni de fa&#231;ondite irr&#233;guli&#232;re&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet le court documentaire de MSF Frontlines, &#171; &#187;, 21 mai 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh2-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le nouveau plan d'action pr&#233;voit une approche r&#233;pressive articul&#233;e autour de trois axes : le renforcement de la coop&#233;ration diplomatique avec les pays d'origine et de transit pour faciliter les expulsions ; la &#171; lutte contre les passeurs &#187; (qui laisse craindre une criminalisation accrue des personnes migrantes et des organisations solidaires&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Sur ce point, voir PICUM, &#171; &#187;, 18 juillet 2022&#034; id=&#034;nh2-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;) ; et l'augmentation des moyens allou&#233;s aux forces de l'ordre et au contr&#244;le des fronti&#232;res. Sans surprise, le texte fait r&#233;f&#233;rence &#224; la n&#233;cessit&#233; d'entraver la migration &#171; ill&#233;gale &#187; afin de dissuader les personnes d'entreprendre des travers&#233;es dangereuses.Un artifice rh&#233;torique qui occulte que c'est pr&#233;cis&#233;ment le verrouillage des fronti&#232;res qui pousse de nombreuses personnes &#224; continuer d'entreprendre ces travers&#233;esdangereuses.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2MxNSI+PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_11&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Suisse&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZXVyYWN0aXYuY29tL25ld3Mvc3dpc3MtcmVqZWN0LWRpdmlzaXZlLWFudGktaW1taWdyYXRpb24tcHJvcG9zYWwtcHJvamVjdGlvbnMvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIGhyZWZsYW5nPSJmciIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e1N3aXNzIHJlamVjdCBkaXZpc2l2ZSBhbnRpLWltbWlncmF0aW9uIHByb3Bvc2FsJm5ic3A7fTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 14 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 14 juin, 54 % des &#233;lecteur&#183;ices suisses ont rejet&#233; l'initiative anti-immigration &#171; Pas de Suisse &#224; 10 millions ! &#187;. Port&#233;e par le parti d'extr&#234;me droite UDC, l'initiative d&#233;signait les demandeur&#183;euses d'asile comme la cause d'une croissance d&#233;mographique mettant en p&#233;ril la &#171; durabilit&#233; &#187; du pays. Le texte exigeait de maintenir la population r&#233;sidente permanente sous le seuil de dix millions d'habitants d'ici 2050, &#224; travers des mesures migratoires r&#233;pressives et contraires aux obligations du pays en mati&#232;re d'accueil et de protection. D&#232;s que la population aura atteint 9,5 millions de personnes, les demandeur&#183;euses d'asile admis &#224; titre provisoire n'auraient plus aucune perspective de rester dans le pays. En cas de d&#233;passement des 10 millions, les accords internationaux accus&#233;s d'encourager la croissance d&#233;mographique devraient&#234;tre ren&#233;goci&#233;s, voire d&#233;nonc&#233;s. L'application de textes tels que le Pacte mondial sur la migration, la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, la Convention de Gen&#232;ve relative au statut des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es et l'Accord europ&#233;en sur la libre circulation des personnes seraitmenac&#233;e&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International, &#171; &#187;, 7 mai 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh2-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'initiative a &#233;chou&#233; gr&#226;ce &#224; la forte opposition des associations patronales et syndicales, qui craignaient de lourdes r&#233;percussions sur l'emploi et la croissance.M&#234;me si nombre d'arguments pour le &#171; non &#187; &#233;taient de nature &#233;conomique, le rejet de l'initiative reste une victoire importante et un revers contre le projet de soci&#233;t&#233; de l'extr&#234;me droite. Un projet qui aurait expos&#233; les personnes exil&#233;es &#224; un risque r&#233;el de refoulement aux fronti&#232;res et de suspension des proc&#233;dures d'asile, et qui aurait conduit, par la possibilit&#233; de d&#233;noncer des accords internationaux de protection des droits humains, &#224; un affaiblissement g&#233;n&#233;ral de ces protections pour tous&#183;tes, et pas seulement pour les personnes exil&#233;es.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2MxNyI+PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_12&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;D&#233;claration de Chisinau&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZXVyYWN0aXYuY29tL25ld3MvZXVyb3BlYW4tY291bnRyaWVzLXVyZ2UtcmV0aGluay1vZi1odW1hbi1yaWdodHMtb24tbWlncmF0aW9uLyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57RXVyb3BlYW4gY291bnRyaWVzIHVyZ2UgcmV0aGluayBvZiBodW1hbiByaWdodHMgb24gbWlncmF0aW9ufTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 15 mai 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 15 mai 2026, le Comit&#233; des Ministres du Conseil de l'Europe a adopt&#233; &#224; Chisinau (Moldavie) une d&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ybS5jb2UuaW50L3BkZi8wOTEyNTk0ODgwMmJjMmNjIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPsOpY2xhcmF0aW9uPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;qui propose une interpr&#233;tation restrictive de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme (CEDH) afin de faciliter les expulsions des exil&#233;&#183;es d&#233;pourvu&#183;es de droit au s&#233;jour ou ayant commis des infractions graves. La d&#233;claration propose une r&#233;interpr&#233;tation de l'article 8 (droit au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale) permettant de &#171; r&#233;&#233;quilibrer &#187; les droits individuels des personnes exil&#233;es avec &#171; l'int&#233;r&#234;t et la s&#233;curit&#233; publics &#187;. Elle propose &#233;galement une r&#233;duction du champ d'application de l'article 3 (interdiction de la torture et des traitements inhumains et d&#233;gradants), afin qu'un acc&#232;s insuffisant aux soins de sant&#233; ou des conditions socio-&#233;conomiques pr&#233;caires dans le pays d'expulsion ne puissent constituer un traitement inhumain ou d&#233;gradant faisant obstacle au renvoi forc&#233;. Il convient cependant de rappeler que l'article 3 ne souffre aucune exception.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Conseil de l'Europe a ainsi donn&#233; suite &#224; la &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ292LnVrL2dvdmVybm1lbnQvbmV3cy9qb2ludC1zdGF0ZW1lbnQtdG8tdGhlLWNvbmZlcmVuY2Utb2YtbWluaXN0ZXJzLW9mLWp1c3RpY2Utb2YtdGhlLWNvdW5jaWwtb2YtZXVyb3BlIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPmTDqWNsYXJhdGlvbjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;formul&#233;e en d&#233;cembre 2025 par 27 &#201;tats membres demandant une interpr&#233;tation plus restrictive de la CEDH en mati&#232;re de renvois forc&#233;s. Si la d&#233;claration de Chisinau demeure non contraignante juridiquement, elle constitue une &#233;tape politique pr&#233;occupante qui contribuera - avec les r&#233;centes l&#233;gislations europ&#233;ennes (pays d'origine &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;, pays tiers &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;, r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;) -&#224; ancrer dans l'imaginaire collectif la n&#233;cessit&#233; de syst&#233;matiser les expulsions dangereuses, au nom de pr&#233;tendus imp&#233;ratifs s&#233;curitaires. Elle constitue par ailleurs une ing&#233;rence politique dans l'interpr&#233;tation de la Convention-EDH, illustrant une tendance europ&#233;enne de remise en cause de la l&#233;gitimit&#233; du pouvoir judiciaire&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Jo&#235;l Andriantsimbazovina, &#171; &#187;, le club des juristes, 12 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, accus&#233; par plusieurs gouvernements de droite et d'extr&#234;me droite de favoriser des positions progressistes en mati&#232;re de migration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2MxOSI+PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_13&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entr&#233;e en application du Pacte migration et asile&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mediapart, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubWVkaWFwYXJ0LmZyL2pvdXJuYWwvaW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbC8xMjA2MjYvcGFjdGUtc3VyLWxhLW1pZ3JhdGlvbi1ldC1sLWFzaWxlLXBvdXItbC11bmlvbi1ldXJvcGVlbm5lLWxlLWpvdXItZGUtbGEtaG9udGUiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e1BhY3RlIHN1ciBsYSBtaWdyYXRpb24gZXQgbOKAmWFzaWxlJm5ic3A7OiBwb3VyIGzigJlVbmlvbiBldXJvcMOpZW5uZSwgbGUgam91ciBkZSBsYSBob250ZX08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 12 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 12 juin, le Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile est entr&#233; en application. Il constitue une r&#233;forme globale de la politique europ&#233;enne en la mati&#232;re, en introduisant des changements profonds aux fronti&#232;res de l'UE.Il instaure de nouvelles proc&#233;dures de filtrage pour toute personne se pr&#233;sentant aux fronti&#232;res ext&#233;rieures de l'UE.&#192; l'issue de ce filtrage, certaines personnes peuvent &#234;tre soumises &#224; des proc&#233;dures d'asile frontali&#232;res acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;es, d&#233;bouchant en cas de rejet sur une expulsion. Durant toutes ces phases, les personnes sont priv&#233;es de libert&#233;, probablement dans des lieux isol&#233;s, difficilement accessibles aux avocat&#183;es, m&#233;decins, journalistes et organisations de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile. Elles sont aussi maintenues dans une &#171; fiction de non-entr&#233;e &#187; juridique : physiquement pr&#233;sentes sur le sol europ&#233;en, elles sont l&#233;galement consid&#233;r&#233;es comme n'y &#233;tant pas entr&#233;es. Cela permet aux &#201;tats de les expulser plus facilement, ouvrant la voie &#224; des standards d&#233;grad&#233;s en mati&#232;re de droits fondamentaux.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La privation de libert&#233; s'impose donc comme la norme, et l'acc&#232;s &#224; l'asile - comme&#224; un recours effectif - est drastiquement restreint. En effet, davantage de personnes seront plac&#233;es en proc&#233;dure acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;e, en partant du principe qu'elles n'ont a priori pas besoin de protection : celles provenant de pays o&#249; le taux de reconnaissance des demandes d'asile dans l'UE est inf&#233;rieur &#224; 20 %, celles provenant de pays d'origine dits &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;, et celles suspect&#233;es de constituer une &#171; menace &#224; l'ordre public &#187;, une notion floue et non d&#233;finie. Par ailleurs, si les personnes vis&#233;es par une d&#233;cision d'expulsion font un recours contre cette d&#233;cision, celui-ci ne sera pas suspensif, et le Pacte autorise l'expulsion avant m&#234;me qu'une d&#233;cision d&#233;finitive ne soit prise.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En sommes, ce Pacte syst&#233;matise &#224; l'&#233;chelle europ&#233;enne l'enfermement, le fichage, le tri et l'expulsion des personnes migrantes aux fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2MxOCI+PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_14&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Adoption d&#233;finitive du r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;RFI, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucmZpLmZyL2ZyL2VuLWJyZWYvMjAyNjA2MTctbWlncmF0aW9uLWxlLXBhcmxlbWVudC1ldXJvcCVDMyVBOWVuLWFkb3B0ZS1sYS1yJUMzJUE5Zm9ybWUtcHIlQzMlQTl2b3lhbnQtZGVzLWh1YnMtZGUtcmV0b3VyIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntNaWdyYXRpb24mbmJzcDs6IGxlIFBhcmxlbWVudCBldXJvcMOpZW4gYWRvcHRlIGxhIHLDqWZvcm1lIHByw6l2b3lhbnQgZGVzICYjMTcxOyZuYnNwO2h1YnMgZGUgcmV9e3RvfXt1ciZuYnNwOyYjMTg3O317Jm5ic3A7fTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 17 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGVtb25kZS5mci9wb2xpdGlxdWUvdmlkZW8vMjAyNi8wNi8xNy9yZW52b3llei1sZXMtc2NhbmRlbnQtZGVzLWVsdXMtZC1leHRyZW1lLWRyb2l0ZS1hdS1wYXJsZW1lbnQtZXVyb3BlZW5fNjcwNDI4N184MjM0NDguaHRtbD9zZWFyY2gtdHlwZT1jbGFzc2ljJmFtcDtpc2VfY2xpY2tfcmFuaz03IiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnsmIzE3MTsmbmJzcDtSZW52b3llei1sZXMmbmJzcDshJm5ic3A7JiMxODc7LCBzY2FuZGVudCBkZXMgw6lsdXMgZOKAmWV4dHLDqm1lIGRyb2l0ZSBhdSBQYXJsZW1lbnQgZXVyb3DDqWVufTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, le 17 juin 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 17 juin, le Parlement europ&#233;en a adopt&#233; d&#233;finitivement le r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;, sous les applaudissements et les cris racistesdes d&#233;put&#233;&#183;es de droite et d'extr&#234;me droite scand&#233;s dans l'h&#233;micycle &#171; &lt;i&gt; Send them back ! &lt;/i&gt; &#187; (&#171; Renvoyez-les ! &#187;). Le texte pr&#233;voit une architecture massive de d&#233;tention (allant jusqu'&#224; deux ans, avec possibilit&#233; de prolongement ind&#233;fini en cas de menace pour la s&#233;curit&#233; publique), la conversion de pays tiers en &#171; &lt;i&gt; return hubs&lt;/i&gt; &#187; (plateformes d'expulsion), vers lesquels les migrant&#183;es pourront &#234;tre expuls&#233;&#183;es m&#234;me s'ils ou elles n'ont aucun lien avec ces pays&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Une coalition de cinq &#201;tats membres a d&#233;j&#224; entam&#233; des n&#233;gociations avec des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, ainsi que des mesures &#171; d'enqu&#234;te &#187; autorisant des rafles &#224; domicile et dans les espaces publics, la saisie d'appareils &#233;lectroniques et l'obligation de fournir des donn&#233;es biom&#233;triques aux autorit&#233;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les mesures pr&#233;vues franchissent une ligne rouge en instaurant un r&#233;gime de surveillance &#233;tendue au sein de l'UE : les personnes migrantes d&#233;pourvues de droit au s&#233;jour feront l'objet d'une v&#233;ritable chasse &#224; l'homme et seront expuls&#233;es vers des pays notoirement non s&#251;rs (les gouvernements europ&#233;ens envisagent actuellement des expulsions vers le Rwanda, l'Ouganda, la Libye, l'&#201;gypte...&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Human Rights Watch, &#171; &#187;, 26 juin 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh2-29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;). Ce r&#232;glement institutionnalise ainsi la violation des droits fondamentaux et du droit international : il entra&#238;nera des atteintes au principe de non-refoulement, bafouera le droit &#224; la vie priv&#233;e et familiale, et exposera les personnes exil&#233;es &#224; des traitements inhumains et d&#233;gradants&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour aller plus loin, voir notamment Migreurop, &#171; &#187;, 26 mars 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh2-30&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9Ub2MyMCI+PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_15&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Une d&#233;l&#233;gation de Talibans &#224; Bruxelles&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcyMDUxL3JlbmNvbnRyZS1pbmVkaXRlLWVudHJlLWx1ZS1ldC1kZXMtcmVzcG9uc2FibGVzLXRhbGliYW5zLXBvdXItZGlzY3V0ZXItZHUtcmVudm9pLWRlcy1hZmdoYW5zLXZlcnMtbGV1ci1wYXlzLWRvcmlnaW5lIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntSZW5jb250cmUgaW7DqWRpdGUgZW50cmUgbOKAmVVFIGV0IGRlcyByZXNwb25zYWJsZXMgdGFsaWJhbnMgcG91ciBkaXNjdXRlciBkdSByZW52b2kgZGVzIEFmZ2hhbnMgdmVycyBsZXVyIHBheXMgZOKAmW9yaWdpbmV9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 24 juin 2026 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ldXJhY3Rpdi5jb20vZnIvbmV3cy9sZXMtdGFsaWJhbnMtcHJvZml0ZW50LWRlLWxldXItdmlzaXRlLWEtYnJ1eGVsbGVzLXBvdXItZGVtYW5kZXItdW4tYWNjZXMtY29uc3VsYWlyZS1lbi1ldXJvcGUvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntMZXMgdGFsaWJhbnMgcHJvZml0ZW50IGRlIGxldXIgdmlzaXRlIMOgIEJydXhlbGxlcyBwb3VyIGRlbWFuZGVyIHVuIGFjY8OocyBjb25zdWxhaXJlIGVuIEV1cm9wZX08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187; , le 23 juin 2026 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 23 juin, des membres de la Commission europ&#233;enne ont rencontr&#233; une d&#233;l&#233;gation de Talibans afin de poursuivre les n&#233;gociations sur le renvoi forc&#233; des ressortissant&#183;es afghan&#183;es d&#233;pourvu&#183;es du droit au s&#233;jour en UE. En &#233;change de leur coop&#233;ration pour ces expulsions, les Talibans ont demand&#233; le r&#233;tablissement des services consulaires destin&#233;s aux Afghan&#183;es dans toute l'Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Une fois encore, l'obsession anti-immigration de l'UE conduit &#224; la normalisation des relations avec un r&#233;gime liberticide, dans le but d'expulser &#224; tout prix&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-31&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Les accords avec la Libye oula Turquie en sont d'autres exemples.&#034; id=&#034;nh2-31&#034;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le r&#233;tablissement des services consulaires &#233;tant une condition fondamentale pos&#233;e par les Talibans, le r&#233;sultat final de ces n&#233;gociations risque d'&#234;tre une l&#233;gitimation de facto du r&#233;gime afghan, qui a mis en place un apartheid de genre&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-32&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour en savoir plus, voir Human Rights Watch, &#171; &#187;, 2 septembre 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh2-32&#034;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; et qui est responsable de la violation syst&#233;matique des droits humains en Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-33&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International &#171;&#034; id=&#034;nh2-33&#034;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En normalisant ses relations avec les Talibans, l'Union europ&#233;enne &#233;rode ses propres standards en mati&#232;re de droits fondamentaux, en repoussant toujours plus loin les limites de ce qui est consid&#233;r&#233; comme &#171; acceptable &#187;. Si ces n&#233;gociations aboutissent, les ressortissant&#183;es afghan&#183;es concern&#233;&#183;es risquent d'&#234;tre expuls&#233;&#183;es vers la torture et la mort.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet la fiche d'information d'EuroMed Droits, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL0lNRy9wZGYvZWd5cHQtaW5mb3NoZWV0LWZyLnBkZiI+Jm5ic3A7U8O7ciBzdXIgbGUgcGFwaWVyLCBkYW5nZXJldXggZGFucyBsYSByw6lhbGl0w6kmbmJzcDs6IGwmIzgyMTc7w4lneXB0ZSBldCBsYSBwb2xpdGlxdWUgZGUgcmV0b3VyIGRlIGwmIzgyMTc7VUUmbmJzcDs8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir HCDH, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cub2hjaHIub3JnL2VuL3ByZXNzLXJlbGVhc2VzLzIwMjYvMDMvZWd5cHQtdW4tZXhwZXJ0cy1yYWlzZS1hbGFybS1vdmVyLXZpb2xhdGlvbnMtYWdhaW5zdC1yZWZ1Z2Vlcy1hbmQtbWlncmFudHMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+RWd5cHQmbmJzcDs6IFVOIGV4cGVydHMgcmFpc2UgYWxhcm0gb3ZlciB2aW9sYXRpb25zIGFnYWluc3QgcmVmdWdlZXMgYW5kIG1pZ3JhbnRzJm5ic3A7PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 6 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;14 personnes, dont E Hishri,font actuellement l'objet de mandats d'arrestation internationaux dans le cadre de cette enqu&#234;te. Certaines d'entre elles sont d&#233;c&#233;d&#233;es, d'autres sont en fuite.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1uZXN0eS5vcmcvZnIvbGF0ZXN0L25ld3MvMjAxNy8xMi9saWJ5YS1ldXJvcGVhbi1nb3Zlcm5tZW50cy1jb21wbGljaXQtaW4taG9ycmlmaWMtYWJ1c2Utb2YtcmVmdWdlZXMtYW5kLW1pZ3JhbnRzLyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj4mbmJzcDtMaWJ5ZS4gTGVzIGdvdXZlcm5lbWVudHMgZXVyb3DDqWVucyBzZSByZW5kZW50IGNvbXBsaWNlcyBkZXMgdmlvbGF0aW9ucyBkZXMgZHJvaXRzIGh1bWFpbnMgZGVzIHLDqWZ1Z2nDqXMgZXQgZGVzIG1pZ3JhbnRzPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 12 d&#233;cembre 2017&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Pour en savoir plus, voir le communiqu&#233; de Refugees in Libya, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucmVmdWdlZXNpbmxpYnlhLm9yZy9wb3N0L2NpdmlsLXNvY2lldHktc3RhdGVtZW50LWRldGVudGlvbi1jcmltZXMtaW4tbGlieWEtZmluYWxseS1iZWZvcmUtdGhlLWljYy1qdWRnZXMtdG8tZGVjaWRlLXdoZXRoZXIiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+Q2l2aWwgc29jaWV0eSBzdGF0ZW1lbnQmbmJzcDs6IERldGVudGlvbmNyaW1lcyBpbiBMaWJ5YSBmaW5hbGx5IGJlZm9yZSB0aGUgSUNDJm5ic3A7OiBKdWRnZXMgdG8gZGVjaWRlIHdoZXRoZXIgRWwgSGlzaHJpIGNhc2UgbW92ZXMgdG8gdHJpYWw8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 11 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Ce refus de coop&#233;rer avec la Cour a valu &#224; l'Italie deux plaintes devant la Cour europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme. Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcxNjM5L2xpdGFsaWUtdmlzZWUtcGFyLWRldXgtcGxhaW50ZXMtYXVwcmVzLWRlLWxhLWNlZGgtcG91ci1hdm9pci1saWJlcmUtbGUtdG9ydGlvbm5haXJlLWRlLW1pZ3JhbnRzLWxpYnllbi1vc2FtYS1hbG1hc3JpLW5hamltIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkwmIzgyMTc7SXRhbGllIHZpc8OpZSBwYXIgZGV1eCBwbGFpbnRlcyBhdXByw6hzIGRlIGxhIENFREggcG91ciBhdm9pciBsaWLDqXLDqSBsZSB0b3J0aW9ubmFpcmUgZGUgbWlncmFudHMgbGlieWVuIE9zYW1hIEFsbWFzcmkgTmFqaW08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, le 1 juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Almasri a r&#233;cemment &#233;t&#233; condamn&#233; par un tribunal de Tripoli &#224; 7 ans et 4 mois d'emprisonnement, tout en faisant toujours l'objet d'un mandat d'arr&#234;t de la CPI. La Libye, non signataire du Statut de Rome (trait&#233; fondateur de la CPI), n'est pas tenue de le remettre &#224; la Cour. Voir &#224; ce sujet Il Post, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaWxwb3N0Lml0LzIwMjYvMDYvMjEvYWxtYXNyaS1jb25kYW5uYXRvLWxpYmlhLXRvcnR1cmEtbWlncmFudGkvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPklsIGdlbmVyYWxlIEFsbWFzcmkgw6ggc3RhdG8gY29uZGFubmF0byBpbiBMaWJpYSBhIDcgYW5uaSBlIDQgbWVzaSBwZXIgbGUgdmlvbGVuemUgYWkgZGFubmkgZGkgYWxjdW5lIHBlcnNvbmUgbWlncmFudGkmbmJzcDs8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, le 21 juin 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet les informations relatives &#224; la Libye sur Migreurop, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTY1Lmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyIj4mbmJzcDtMZXMgw4l0YXRzIGR1IE1hZ2hyZWIgZXQgZGUgbOKAmVVuaW9uIGV1cm9ww6llbm5lIGNvdXBhYmxlcyBkZSB2aW9sYXRpb25zIHN5c3TDqW1hdGlxdWVzIGR1IGRyb2l0IGludGVybmF0aW9uYWwgZXQgZGUgY3JpbWVzIGNvbnRyZSBs4oCZaHVtYW5pdMOpPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 7 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Refugees in Libya, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iZmlsZTovLy9DOi9Vc2Vycy9hZG1pbi9Eb3dubG9hZHMvQm9vayBvZiBTaGFtZSAyMDI1IFZvbC4gSS4gLnBkZiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0Ij5Cb29rIG9mIFNoYW1lLiBIb3cgVU5IQ1IgRmFpbHMgdG8gUHJvdGVjdCBSZWZ1Z2VlcyBpbiBMaWJ5YSwgVHVuaXNpYSwgYW5kIE5pZ2VyPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL0lNRy9wZGYvZmljaGVfcGF5c19jZXV0YV8wNjI0X29rX2RlZi5wZGYiPiZuYnNwO0ZpY2hlIENFVVRBPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, Isaline Roverato, 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens Migreurop, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL0lNRy9wZGYvY3BfbWlncmV1cm9wX3J3YW5kYV9qdW5fMjJfLV9mci5wZGYiPkFycmFuZ2VtZW50IFJveWF1bWUtVW5pL1J3YW5kYSZuYnNwOzogZXh0ZXJuYWxpc2VyIGzigJlhc2lsZSBlbiBBZnJpcXVlLCBhcm1lIGRlIGRpc3N1YXNpb24gbWFzc2l2ZSBlbiBFdXJvcGUmbmJzcDs8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 20 juin 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzY4NzkyL2F1dHJpY2hlLS1sZS1yZWdyb3VwZW1lbnQtZmFtaWxpYWwtc3VzcGVuZHUtcG91ci1zaXgtbW9pcy1zdXBwbGVtZW50YWlyZXMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+QXV0cmljaGUmbmJzcDs6IGxlIHJlZ3JvdXBlbWVudCBmYW1pbGlhbCBzdXNwZW5kdSBwb3VyIHNpeCBtb2lzIHN1cHBsw6ltZW50YWlyZXM8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 12 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Amnesty International Austriche, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1uZXN0eS5hdC9wcmVzc2UvbmF0aW9uYWxyYXQtYmVzY2hsaWVzc3QtcXVvdGVuc3lzdGVtLWJlaS1mYW1pbGllbnp1c2FtbWVuZnVlaHJ1bmctYW1uZXN0eS13YXJudC12b3ItdmVyc3Rvc3MtZ2VnZW4tbWVuc2NoZW5yZWNodGUvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPk5hdGlvbmFscmF0IGJlc2NobGllw590IFF1b3RlbnN5c3RlbSBiZWkgRmFtaWxpZW56dXNhbW1lbmbDvGhydW5nJm5ic3A7OiBBbW5lc3R5IHdhcm50IHZvciBWZXJzdG/DnyBnZWdlbiBNZW5zY2hlbnJlY2h0ZTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 19 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Cyprus Mail, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9jeXBydXMtbWFpbC5jb20vMjAyNi8wNS8yNy9taWdyYW50LWRpZXMtZm9sbG93aW5nLWJhbGNvbnktanVtcC1kdXJpbmctaW1taWdyYXRpb24tcmFpZCIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5NaWdyYW50IGRpZXMgZm9sbG93aW5nIGJhbGNvbnkganVtcCBkdXJpbmcgaW1taWdyYXRpb24gcmFpZCZuYnNwOzwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 27 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Cyprus Mail, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9jeXBydXMtbWFpbC5jb20vMjAyNS8wMy8xOS91bmhjci1leHByZXNzZXMtY29uY2Vybi1vdmVyLWFsbGVnZWQtcHVzaGJhY2stb2Ytc3lyaWFuLXJlZnVnZWVzIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPlVOSENSIGV4cHJlc3NlcyBjb25jZXJuIG92ZXIgYWxsZWdlZCBwdXNoYmFjayBvZiBTeXJpYW4gcmVmdWdlZXM8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 19 mars 2025 et InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9ibi9wb3N0LzYwNDMyL2NoeXByZS1jb25kYW1uZWUtcGFyLWxhLWNlZGgtcG91ci1sZS1yZWZvdWxlbWVudC1lbi1tZXItZGUtZGV1eC1zeXJpZW5zIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkNoeXByZSBjb25kYW1uw6llIHBhciBsYSBDRURIIHBvdXIgbGUgcmVmb3VsZW1lbnQgZW4gbWVyIGRlIGRldXggU3lyaWVuczwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 9 octobre 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voirci-dessous&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet The New Arab, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubmV3YXJhYi5jb20vbmV3cy9leWVpbmctbWlncmFudC1yZXR1cm5zLWV1LW1vdmVzLWJvbHN0ZXItc3lyaWEtdGllcyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5FeWVpbmcgbWlncmFudCByZXR1cm5zLCBFVSBtb3ZlcyB0byBib2xzdGVyIFN5cmlhIHRpZXMmbmJzcDs8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, le 12 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW50ZXJuYXppb25hbGUuaXQvbm90aXppZS9hbm5hbGlzYS1jYW1pbGxpLzIwMjQvMTAvMTgvdHJpYnVuYWxlLWRpLXJvbWEtbWlncmFudGktYWxiYW5pYSIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj4mbmJzcDtJbCB0cmlidW5hbGUgZGkgUm9tYSBub24gY29udmFsaWRhIGlsIHRyYXR0ZW5pbWVudG8gZGVpIG1pZ3JhbnRpIGluIEFsYmFuaWEmbmJzcDs8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 18 octobre 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet SkyTG24, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly90ZzI0LnNreS5pdC9jcm9uYWNhLzIwMjUvMDYvMDkvY2VudHJpLW1pZ3JhbnRpLWFsYmFuaWEtY29tZS1mdW56aW9uYW5vLWNvc3RpIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkNvbWUgZnVuemlvbmFubyBpIGNlbnRyaSBwZXIgbWlncmFudGkgaW4gQWxiYW5pYTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 9 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Coalizione italiana libert&#224; e diritti civili (CILD), &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9jaWxkLmV1L2Jsb2cvMjAyNS8xMi8xMC9pbC1wcm90b2NvbGxvLWl0YWxpYS1hbGJhbmlhLWFsbGEtY29ydGUtZGktZ2l1c3RpemlhLXVlLyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj4mbmJzcDtJbCBQcm90b2NvbGxvIEl0YWxpYS1BbGJhbmlhIGFsbGEgQ29ydGUgZGkgR2l1c3RpemlhIFVFJm5ic3A7PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 10 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment F&#233;d&#233;ration Internationale pour les Droits Humains, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmlkaC5vcmcvZnIvcmVnaW9ucy9ldXJvcGUtYXNpZS1jZW50cmFsZS9pcmxhbmRlL2lybGFuZGUtZHUtbm9yZC1sZXMtdmlvbGVuY2VzLWV0LWludGltaWRhdGlvbnMtcmFjaXN0ZXMtZG9pdmVudCIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj4mbmJzcDtJcmxhbmRlIGR1IE5vcmQmbmJzcDs6IGxlcyB2aW9sZW5jZXMgZXQgaW50aW1pZGF0aW9ucyByYWNpc3RlcyBkb2l2ZW50IGNlc3NlcjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 11 juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Nikolas Feith Tan, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY2FtYnJpZGdlLm9yZy9jb3JlL3NlcnZpY2VzL2FvcC1jYW1icmlkZ2UtY29yZS9jb250ZW50L3ZpZXcvMEVDQzBFMjdDNUE1ODZBMjE0QkIzRDg0NkNDQTk3ODgvOTc4MTMxNjUxNzg0MGMxMF8yNTItMjcxLnBkZi9jb21tdW5pdHktc3BvbnNvcnNoaXAtb2YtcmVmdWdlZXMtYW5kLWxvY2FsLWdvdmVybmFuY2UucGRmIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkNvbW11bml0eSBTcG9uc29yc2hpcCBvZiBSZWZ1Z2VlcyBhbmQgTG9jYWwgR292ZXJuYW5jZSZuYnNwOzwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, dans{}&lt;i&gt;Theorizing Local Migration Law and Governance&lt;/i&gt;, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2022, p. 252-271&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Ibidem, p. 258.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet le court documentaire de MSF Frontlines, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cueW91dHViZS5jb20vd2F0Y2g/dj1fS3FPdjNzc25IYyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5PbmUgaW4sIG9uZSBvdXTigK8mbmJzcDs6IGRlcyBtaWxsaWVycyBkZSB2aWVzIGVuIHDDqXJpbDwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 21 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Sur ce point, voir PICUM, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9waWN1bS5vcmcvYmxvZy9taWdyYW50LXNtdWdnbGluZy13aHktd2UtbmVlZC1hLXBhcmFkaWdtLXNoaWZ0LyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5NaWdyYW50IHNtdWdnbGluZyZuYnNwOzogd2h5IHdlIG5lZWQgYSBwYXJhZGlnbSBzaGlmdCZuYnNwOzwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 18 juillet 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1uZXN0eS5jaC9mci9wYXlzL3N1aXNzZS9wYXMtZGUtc3Vpc3NlLWEtMTAtbWlsbGlvbnMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+Jm5ic3A7SW5pdGlhdGl2ZSAmIzE3MTsmbmJzcDtQYXMgZGUgU3Vpc3NlIMOgIDEw4oCvbWlsbGlvbnMmbmJzcDsmIzE4NzsuIFVuZSBhdHRhcXVlIGZyb250YWxlIGNvbnRyZSBsYSBwcm90ZWN0aW9uIGRlcyBkcm9pdHMgaHVtYWluczwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 7 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Jo&#235;l Andriantsimbazovina, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGVjbHViZGVzanVyaXN0ZXMuY29tL2ludGVybmF0aW9uYWwvcHJlc3Npb25zLXBvbGl0aXF1ZXMtc3VyLWxhLWNvdXItZXVyb3BlZW5uZS1kZXMtZHJvaXRzLWRlLWxob21tZS0xMTAzMS8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+UHJlc3Npb25zIHBvbGl0aXF1ZXMgc3VyIGxhIENvdXIgZXVyb3DDqWVubmUgZGVzIGRyb2l0cyBkZSBs4oCZSG9tbWU8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, le club des juristes, 12 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Une coalition de cinq &#201;tats membres a d&#233;j&#224; entam&#233; des n&#233;gociations avec des pays tiers en vue d'&#233;tablir des &lt;i&gt;return hu&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;s&lt;/i&gt;. Voir Euractiv, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZXVyYWN0aXYuY29tL25ld3MvZXUtcmV0dXJuLWh1Yi1iYWNrZXJzLWV5ZS1wYXJ0bmVyLWNvdW50cmllcy1yZXZlYWwtYnktYXV0dW1uLXNheXMtZHV0Y2gtbWluaXN0ZXIvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPiZuYnNwO0VVIHJldHVybi1odWJzIHJldmVhbGVkIGJ5IGF1dHVtbiwgc2F5cyBEdXRjaCBtaW5pc3RlcjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 5 juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaHJ3Lm9yZy9uZXdzLzIwMjYvMDYvMjYvZGFuZ2Vyb3VzLWV1LW1vbWVudHVtLXRvd2FyZHMtb2Zmc2hvcmUtZGVwb3J0YXRpb24tY2VudGVycyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5EYW5nZXJvdXMgRVUgTW9tZW50dW0gVG93YXJkcyBPZmZzaG9yZSBEZXBvcnRhdGlvbiBDZW50ZXJzPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 26 juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-30&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-30&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Pour aller plus loin, voir notamment Migreurop, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTYwLmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyIj5BZG9wdGlvbiBkdSByw6hnbGVtZW50IGV1cm9ww6llbiAmIzE3MTsmbmJzcDtyZXRvdXImbmJzcDsmIzE4NzsmbmJzcDs6IGxhIG1pc2Ugw6AgbW9ydCBkdSBkcm9pdCBpbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 26 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-31&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-31&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-31&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Les accords avec la Libye oula Turquie en sont d'autres exemples.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-32&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-32&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-32&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Pour en savoir plus, voir Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaHJ3Lm9yZy9uZXdzLzIwMjUvMDkvMDIvZ2VuZGVyLWFwYXJ0aGVpZC1hcy1hbi1pbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsLWNyaW1lIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPiZuYnNwO0dlbmRlciBBcGFydGhlaWQgYXMgYW4gSW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbCBDcmltZS4gVGFsaWJhbiBPcHByZXNzaW9uIGluIEFmZ2hhbmlzdGFuIFRyaWdnZXJzIENhbXBhaWduJm5ic3A7PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 2 septembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-33&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-33&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-33&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1uZXN0eS5vcmcvZnIvbG9jYXRpb24vYXNpYS1hbmQtdGhlLXBhY2lmaWMvc291dGgtYXNpYS9hZmdoYW5pc3Rhbi9yZXBvcnQtYWZnaGFuaXN0YW4vIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkFmZ2hhbmlzdGFuJm5ic3A7OiBsYSBzaXR1YXRpb24gZGVzIGRyb2l0cyBodW1haW5zIDIwMjUmbmJzcDsmIzE4NzssIDIwMjY8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
		<enclosure url="https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/draft_revue_de_presse_mai-juin_2026_.pdf" length="300171" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press review April 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3589.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3589.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-05-11T09:26:18Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Afghanistan</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Belgium</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Algeria</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Greece</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Albania</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pays-Bas</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pologne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Detention</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation of borders</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pays s&#251;rs</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Forced returns</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Revolts and mobilisations</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Monitoring and control </dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Tunisia Business News, Taking the streets to break the silence: citizen mobilisation against racism in Tunis, 11 April 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Following a citizens' petition launched on 7 April and shared on social media, a solidarity march against racism took place in Tunis on Saturday 11 April. Slogans were chanted to denounce racist online discourse, discriminatory remarks by certain Tunisian MPs, and the crackdown on migrants and human rights defenders in Tunisia. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Racism against migrants from (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot189.html" rel="tag"&gt;Afghanistan&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot22.html" rel="tag"&gt;Belgium&lt;/a&gt;, 
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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot182.html" rel="tag"&gt;Albania&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot210.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pays-Bas&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot47.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pologne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Detention&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation of borders&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot214.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pays s&#251;rs&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Forced returns&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot175.html" rel="tag"&gt;Revolts and mobilisations&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Monitoring and control &lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/16-2-c6781.png?1778491587' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisia&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Judgement of the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Judgement of the Permanent (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Belgium&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Belgium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Belgium/Algeria&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Belgium/Algeria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Greece&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italy&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italy/Albania&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Italy/Albania&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Netherlands&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Netherlands&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Poland&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Poland&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom/France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;United Kingdom/France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Negotiations between the EU and the Taliban&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;Negotiations between the (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Business News, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 11 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Following a &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly90dW5pc2lhbnNvbGlkYXJpdHkub3JnL2VuL3JhY2lzbWUvI2h0dHBzOi8vdHVuaXNpYW5zb2xpZGFyaXR5Lm9yZy9lbi9yYWNpc21lLyMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+Y2l0aXplbnPigJkgcGV0aXRpb248L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; launched on 7 April and shared on social media, a solidarity march against racism took place in Tunis on Saturday 11 April. Slogans were chanted to denounce racist online discourse, discriminatory remarks by certain Tunisian MPs, and the crackdown on migrants and human rights defenders in Tunisia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Racism against migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and Black Tunisians is intensifying in the country. Disinformation and hate campaigns orchestrated by Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed's government, arbitrary arrests and prosecutions based on false accusations against anti-racist activists&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop, , 8 April 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh3-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, as well as growing pressure on civil society organisations showing solidarity, are shaping the reality in Tunisia today. This situation is partly a result of the role of &#8216;border guard' that Tunisia has assumed on behalf of Italy and the European Union, particularly since 2023, under the &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9lYy5ldXJvcGEuZXUvY29tbWlzc2lvbi9wcmVzc2Nvcm5lci9kZXRhaWwvcHQvaXBfMjNfMzg4NyNodHRwczovL2VjLmV1cm9wYS5ldS9jb21taXNzaW9uL3ByZXNzY29ybmVyL2RldGFpbC9wdC9pcF8yM18zODg3IiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkVVLVR1bmlzaWEgTWVtb3JhbmR1bSBvZiBVbmRlcnN0YW5kaW5nPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, which is strongly supported by the Italian government and aims to deter and hinder departures to Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Despite this widespread repression, citizen mobilisation demonstrates that civil society is not wavering andcontinues to resist and mobilise in defence of human rights, the violations of which place responsibility on the EU and its externalisation policies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Judgement of the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lebrief.ma, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;rights&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 6 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 31 March in Rabat, the jury of the56thsession of the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal (PPT) delivered its &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9wZXJtYW5lbnRwZW9wbGVzdHJpYnVuYWwub3JnL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI1LzExL1RQUF9NaWdyYXppb25lX01hZ2hyZWJfU2VudGVuemFfRlJfMzAtbWFyem8tMjAyNi5wZGYjaHR0cHM6Ly9wZXJtYW5lbnRwZW9wbGVzdHJpYnVuYWwub3JnL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI1LzExL1RQUF9NaWdyYXppb25lX01hZ2hyZWJfU2VudGVuemFfRlJfMzAtbWFyem8tMjAyNi5wZGYiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+ZmluYWwganVkZ2VtZW50PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Following an indictment drafted by a coalition of civil society organisations, the PPT found the Maghreb states, the EU and several of its member states guilty of systematic and systemic violations of international law (failure to provide assistance to persons in danger, arbitrary detention, torture, refoulement, racial discrimination and human rights violations). During the hearings held in October 2025 in Palermo (Italy), evidence was presented regarding the existence in Libya of a system of refoulement, detention, trafficking and exploitation; refoulement, abandonment in the desert and racist violence in Tunisia; a continuum of violence ranging from arbitrary detention in Libya to the criminalisationof migrants and their supporters in Europe; relentless attacks on civilian sea rescue operations... The EU and its Member States have been deemed complicit in these human rights violations for having financed and encouraged these crimes, notably through their border externalisation policies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Beyond the states' violations of international law, the TPP also mentions the possible classification of these acts as crimes against humanity, insofar as the documented facts result from deliberate choices made by individuals and acts carried out in full awareness.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This judgement, which has no legally binding force, nevertheless represents a symbolic step forward in securing recognition, by a citizens' court, of the crimes committed against migrants. It is a first step towards mobilising public opinion and breaking down the barriers of silence, hatred and marginalisation surrounding migration issues&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop, humanity&#8221;, 7 April 2026.&#034; id=&#034;nh3-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Belgium&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;RTL info, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 3 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Belgian government has approved, at second reading, the draft bill authorising &#8220;home visits&#8221; (2025), which would allow the police, with a judge's authorisation, to carry out searches at the home of a person without a residence permit who is deemed to pose &#8220;a threat to public order or national security&#8221;, with the aim of arresting and deporting them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The proposal raises serious concerns regarding fundamental rights, such as the right to respect for private and family life (Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights), as well as the principle of the inviolability of the home (Article 15 of the Belgian Constitution). These rights are threatened by the undefined concept of &#8216;danger to public order', which opens the door to arbitrariness. Furthermore, no legal remedy is provided for challengingthe legality of the &#8216;visit', which violates the right to an effective remedy&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Myria, safeguards&#8221;, 30 July 2025 and Cir&#233;, &#8221;, 27 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Several civil society organisations and public institutions denounced the draft law as soon as it was tabled last year, considering it to be inconsistent with the criteria of necessity and proportionality&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid.&#034; id=&#034;nh3-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . If approved by Parliament, it would constitute a further step in the construction of a surveillance regime for migrants that European governments are attempting to establish in Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Migreurop, 2026&#8221;, 10 March 2026, on the &#8220;return&#8221; regulation&#034; id=&#034;nh3-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Belgium/Algeria&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; migrants&#8221;, 2 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Belgium and Algeria have concluded an agreement on the deportation of Algerian nationals. The agreement, which still requires approval by the Belgian Parliament, stipulates that Algeria undertakes to identify its nationals subject to a deportation order within 15 days, as well as to accept the possibility of organising their group deportation on dedicated flights, with the participation of Algerian escorts. However, the legality of group deportations of people of the same nationality is questionable in light of human rights legislation (the European Convention on Human Rights, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union) which prohibits collective deportations. In return, Belgium grants visa-free access to its territory to holders of Algerian diplomatic passports.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is yet another example of agreements - whether formal or informal - concluded with the aim of speeding up the deportation of foreign nationals from Europe in exchange for financial, commercial or political benefits. It amounts to a diplomacy of deportation, in defiance of fundamental rights.Many voices are therefore speaking out to denounce a systematic violation of rights in Algeria: the shrinking of civil society space , severe repression of freedom of expression, infringements on the right to peaceful assembly and association, andallegations of torture and other ill-treatment are some examples of this&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Amnesty International, World&#8221;, April 2025, pages 91&#8211;94&#034; id=&#034;nh3-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Furthermore, severe penalties are provided for in cases of &#8216;illegal' departure from or assistance with departure from Algerian territory, carrying a sentence of up to five years' imprisonment&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid&#034; id=&#034;nh3-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , which is contrary to international law (Art. 12(2) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: &#8216;Everyone shall be free to leave any country, including his own').&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Greece&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmJjLmNvbS9uZXdzL2FydGljbGVzL2M4NnZwcTQyZGwwbyNodHRwczovL3d3dy5iYmMuY29tL25ld3MvYXJ0aWNsZXMvYzg2dnBxNDJkbDBvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIGhyZWZsYW5nPSJlbiIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e+KAnEdyZWVrIHBvbGljZSB1c2luZyBtYXNrZWQgbWlncmFudHMgdG8gZm9yY2libHkgcHVzaCBvdGhlciBtaWdyYW50cyBiYWNrIGFjcm9zc308L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; border&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 14 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;New evidence has been gathered regarding the recruitment, by the Greek authorities, of migrants to push other migrants back at the border with Turkey (Evros River region). In return, they are reportedly given money, as well as administrative documents allowing them to remain in Greece for 25 days.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This practice is not new and has been documented by several organisations and investigations since at least 2020&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Lighthouse Reports, &#8220; slaves&#8221;, 28 June 2022; or Human (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The recruitment of migrants as &#8220;mercenaries&#8221; is reportedly carried out under duress, after they have crossed the border between Turkey and Greece. Wearing masks, these individuals are reportedly tasked with carrying out pushbacks and committing other acts of violence, such as forced stripping, beatings and theft of personal belongings. In exchange for documents allowing them to remain in European territory for a time. A form of exploitation of migrantsfor the &#8216;control' of borders, onto whom the Greek and European authorities are attempting to shift responsibility for violent practices that violate human rights. In a familiar exercise in denial, both Greece and Frontex claim to have no knowledge of these events.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il Post, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; days&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 23 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il Post&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaWxwb3N0Lml0LzIwMjYvMDQvMjQvZ292ZXJuby1kZWNyZXRvLXNpY3VyZXp6YS1tb2RpZmljYS1pbmNlbnRpdmktcmltcGF0cmkvI2h0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmlscG9zdC5pdC8yMDI2LzA0LzI0L2dvdmVybm8tZGVjcmV0by1zaWN1cmV6emEtbW9kaWZpY2EtaW5jZW50aXZpLXJpbXBhdHJpLyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj574oCcVGhlIGdvdmVybm1lbnQgaGFzIHBhdGNoZWQgdXAgdGhlIHJ1bGUgb24gdm9sdW50YXJ5fTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; repatriation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 24 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 24 April, the Italian government approved a bill aimed at amending a migration-related measure contained in the &#8220;security decree&#8221;, which was adopted by Parliament on the same day. The measure provided for the payment of a &#8364;615 bonus to lawyers handling so-called &#8220;voluntary&#8221; return procedures in the event that the return was successful, but it had been blocked by the President of the Republic on grounds of unconstitutionality. Under this hastily introduced amendment, the bonus will now be paid to lawyers and other parties involved in the implementation of &#8220;voluntary returns&#8221;, regardless of the outcome. The bill still needs to be approved by the Italian Parliament.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A second measure, which came into force as part of the adopted &#8220;security decree&#8221;, removes the automatic provision of legal aid for migrants challenging deportation proceedings. They will now have to prove that they meet the means-testing criteria by providing documents (notably a consular certificate) that are often very difficult to obtain within the time limits set by law.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the name of an &#8216;urgency' to deport people more quickly and efficiently, Italy is undermining its obligations to guarantee rights by attempting to undermine the independence and autonomy of lawyers, and by introducing administrative constraints that make access to legal aid virtually impossible for certain migrant individuals. Although the initial version of the first measure was not adopted, recent developments point to a growing and serious threat to migrants' right to a defence, which should nevertheless be &#8220;full, free and effectively accessible&#8221;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the press release from the National Association of Italian (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italy/Albania&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Politico, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucG9saXRpY28uZXUvYXJ0aWNsZS9pdGFseS1taWdyYW50LWRldGVudGlvbi1odWJzLWFsYmFuaWEtbm90LWFnYWluc3QtZXUtbGF3LXNheXMtdG9wLWV1LWNvdXJ0LWFkdmlzZXIvI2h0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnBvbGl0aWNvLmV1L2FydGljbGUvaXRhbHktbWlncmFudC1kZXRlbnRpb24taHVicy1hbGJhbmlhLW5vdC1hZ2FpbnN0LWV1LWxhdy1zYXlzLXRvcC1ldS1jb3VydC1hZHZpc2VyLyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj574oCcSXRhbHnigJlzIG1pZ3JhbnQgZGV0ZW50aW9uIGh1YnMgaW4gQWxiYW5pYSBub3QgYWdhaW5zdCBFVSBsYXcsIHNheXMgdG9wIEVVIGNvdXJ0IGFkdmlzZXLigJ19PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 23 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;An Advocate General at the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has ruled that the Italy-Albania Memorandum of Understanding (2023)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further information, see the Migreurop press release, Law&#8221;, 13 February (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; is, in principle, in line with European law. The agreement would not prevent Member States from setting up detention camps outside their territory for the purposes of expulsion procedures and/or the processing of asylum applications, provided that the third country concerned complies with EU law and respects the rights of migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is a non-binding opinion, yet it contributes to the political legitimisation of the latest iteration of the European externalisation policy, initiated by Italy, and which has inspired new European regulations (see the 2026 &#8216;Return' Regulation).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In this regard, the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights noted in 2023 that &#8220;the possibility of lodging an asylum application and having it examined on the territory of Member States remains an indispensable component of a reliable system that respects human rights&#8221;, adding that &#8220;the Memorandum of Understanding creates an ad hoc extraterritorial asylum regime, characterised by numerous legal ambiguities&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the statement by the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . We must now await the final decision of the CJEU.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Netherlands&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;DutchNews&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZHV0Y2huZXdzLm5sLzIwMjYvMDQvc2VuYXRlLXJlamVjdHMtbGF3LXRvLWNyaW1pbmFsaXNlLWxpdmluZy1pbi1ubC13aXRob3V0LXBhcGVycy8jaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZHV0Y2huZXdzLm5sLzIwMjYvMDQvc2VuYXRlLXJlamVjdHMtbGF3LXRvLWNyaW1pbmFsaXNlLWxpdmluZy1pbi1ubC13aXRob3V0LXBhcGVycy8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e+KAnFNlbmF0ZSByZWplY3RzIGJpbGwgdG8gfXtjcmltaW5hbGlzZX17IGxpdmluZyBpbiB0aGUgTmV0aGVybGFuZHMgd2l0aG91dH08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; papers&#8221;, 21 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzYxODgxL2xlcy1wYXlzYmFzLWFkb3B0ZW50LWxlLWRvdWJsZS1zdGF0dXQtcG91ci1sZXMtZGVtYW5kZXVycy1kYXNpbGUjaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzYxODgxL2xlcy1wYXlzYmFzLWFkb3B0ZW50LWxlLWRvdWJsZS1zdGF0dXQtcG91ci1sZXMtZGVtYW5kZXVycy1kYXNpbGUiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e+KAnFRoZSBOZXRoZXJsYW5kcyBhZG9wdHMgZHVhbCBzdGF0dXMgZm9yIGFzeWx1bX08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; seekers&#8221;, 23 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 21 April, the Senate rejected a bill aimed at criminalising so-called &#8216;irregular' residence, which would have led to an increased risk of social exclusion for migrants, as well as exposing those providing humanitarian aid &#8211; particularly by supplying food, shelter or any other form of support &#8211; to legal risks.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This rejection follows a widespread mobilisation of Dutch civil society. Around 120 organisations joined the &lt;i&gt;&#8220;Stop de &lt;/i&gt;asielwetten&#8221; (Stop the asylum laws) campaign, highlighting the potential negative effects of the law on effective access to fundamental rights such as education, healthcare and legal aid, which must be guaranteed regardless of a person's administrative status. Municipalities, including Amsterdam, also voiced their opposition, demonstrating that the local level can act as a counterweight to the state.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, this victory was described as &#8220;bittersweet&#8221; by the campaign coalition&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Stop de Asielwetten, &#8220;&#8221;, 21 April 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh3-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , as the Senate approved a &#8220;dual status&#8221; system for migrant asylum seekers, which will grant different rights to those fleeing individual persecution &#8211; who would benefit from so-called &#8220;full&#8221; protection as refugees &#8211; and those fleeing wars or natural disasters, who would have limited rights, particularly regarding family reunification. This distinction already exists in many European countries (refugee status and subsidiary protection). Its introduction in the Netherlands, where until now the rights of both categories of asylum seekers were the same, is raising concerns within civil society regarding respect for human dignity. The coalition therefore says it is ready to continue its fight against the Dutch government's repressive migration policies. A struggle that appears increasingly urgent in the current European context, dominated by racist ideologies and legislation that infringes upon the rights of migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Poland&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 10 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Polish government recently reported a sharp decline in attempts to cross the border between Poland and Belarus over the past four years, which it attributes to the increased militarisation of the border and the temporary suspension of the registration of asylum applications. Organisations assisting refugees warn that, in reality, these policies have merely forced refugees to cross the border via underground tunnels under extremely dangerous conditions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Poland &#8211; like other European countries, citing a rise in asylum applications and arrivals on their territory &#8211; has decided to suspend the registration of asylum applications at its borders in 2024. This breach of its international obligations was carried out with the EU's approval, which allows for the restriction of asylum applications under so-called &#8216;exceptional' circumstances, particularly for Member States facing a &#8216;crisis situation', a &#8216;mass influx' or the &#8216;exploitation of migration flows'. Since 2021, Warsaw has accused Minsk of coordinating with Moscow to facilitate the arrival of migrants in order to &#8220;destabilise&#8221; the EU's territory&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;The suspension of the right to asylum was subsequently extended four times (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Among the consequences of this suspension are the 14,754 illegal pushbacks to Belarus carried out by the Polish authorities between January and December 2025, which violated the rights of those affected and exposed them to inhuman and degrading conditions&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the joint report pushbacks&#8221;,February 2026, pages 11&#8211;13.&#034; id=&#034;nh3-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . However, the increase in border crossings via tunnels and other alternative routes demonstrates once again that repressive and security-focused migration policies do not put an end to migration flows: they make the journeys more dangerous and longer, and force migrants to turn to facilitators who have become necessary in the context of closed borders&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;According to the report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom/France&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 23 April 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;France and the United Kingdom have reached an agreement to extend the cooperation agreement aimed at preventing so-called &#8220;irregular&#8221; crossings of the English Channel (&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ2lzdGkub3JnL0lNRy9wZGYvYWNjb3JkX2ZyYW5jZS1yb3lhdW1ldW5pXzIwMTgucGRmI2h0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lmdpc3RpLm9yZy9JTUcvcGRmL2FjY29yZF9mcmFuY2Utcm95YXVtZXVuaV8yMDE4LnBkZiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5TYW5kaHVyc3QgVHJlYXR5PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 2018)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;The Sandhurst Treaty provides that the United Kingdom shall fund part of the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The United Kingdom will provide funding of up to &#8364;766 million over three years, including a &#8220;flexible component&#8221; (&#8364;186 million), conditional on the effectiveness of measures taken to &#8220;prevent attempted crossings&#8221;. This decision comes after months of tension, during which the UK had insisted that France increase at-sea interceptions of &lt;i&gt;&#8220;small &lt;/i&gt;boats&#8221; (small vessels used for Channel crossings), failing which it would not have renewed its funding&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject InfoMigrants, months&#8221;, 1 April 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh3-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;France had initially opposed this, with the Secretary of State for the Sea, Xavier Ducept, emphasising that the interception practices demanded by the UK risked violating international law and &#8220;endangering the lives of migrants and French officers&#8221;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid.&#034; id=&#034;nh3-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Indeed, interceptions by French law enforcement agencies to return migrantsto the French coast (&lt;i&gt;pullback&lt;/i&gt;) &#8211; on behalf of the United Kingdom &#8211; constitute a form of refoulement, a practice contrary to international law and an infringement of the right to asylum.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, numerous violent &lt;i&gt;pushbacks &lt;/i&gt;have already been documented in connection with the UK-funded French &#8216;surveillance' operations in the English Channel&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See The Guardian, tactics&#8221;, 23 March 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh3-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Furthermore, police operations carried out against migrants on the French coast, with the aim of preventing departures to the UK (violent dismantling of camps, use of tear gas, seizure of personal belongings, physical assaults), constantly endanger the safety, rights and lives of migrants&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the report by the Human Rights Network, border&#8221;, December 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh3-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . France is therefore setting aside its &#8216;concerns' regarding the lives of migrants and respect for the law in favour of a deadly cooperation&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See InfoMigrants, researchers&#8221;, 31 March 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh3-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; that has gone from strength to strength over the last twenty years (the Le Touquet agreements, the &#8216;One In, One Out' agreement).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Negotiations between the EU and the Taliban&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 21 April 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The European Union is preparing to host a Taliban delegation to continue discussions on the deportation of Afghan nationals from European territory (January 2026)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Euractiv, underway&#8221;, 20 October 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh3-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , particularly regarding the cooperation of the Afghan authorities in the process of identification and the issuance of travel documents.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These talks take place against a backdrop of growing pressure from Member State governments to establish a European mechanism to coordinate the deportation of Afghans without the right to reside or who have been convicted by the courts. In October 2025, 20 Member States, at Belgium's initiative, had asked the European Commission to establish this mechanism, and in February 2026 Germany became the first European country, since the Taliban took power (2021), to carry out a direct deportation to Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also InfoMigrants, &#8221;, 27 February 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh3-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Whilst the EU had hitherto hidden behind the fiction of &#8216;safe countries of origin or third countries' to carry out deportations of migrants, it is now taking a further step with the proposed &#8216;return' regulation, which provides for deportations to any third country that has concluded a formal or informal agreement with a Member State or with the Union. However, the compromise text adopted by the European Parliament on 26 March 2026 further stipulates that&#8220;any communication [&lt;i&gt;with third countries for the purposes of readmission&lt;/i&gt;] shall in no way prejudice the Union's position on the status of the territories or entities concerned and shall not be considered as recognition, support or validation of their authority or legitimacy &#8221; (Art. 37). Presented under a supposedly &#8220;technical&#8221; guise, these discussions with the Taliban, whose regime the EU itself acknowledges has led to a &#8220;significant deterioration (&#8230;) in human rights for the Afghan population&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the European Council's&#034; id=&#034;nh3-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , could lead to the institutionalisation of the violation of the principle of non-refoulement and expose the individuals concerned to torture, inhuman and degrading treatment, arbitrary executions, and other serious human rights violations in Afghanistan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6042 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;25&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/press_review_april_2026.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 574.4 KiB' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/16-2-01222.png?1778491587' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Press review April 2026
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTcxLmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyI2h0dHBzOi8vbWlncmV1cm9wLm9yZy9hcnRpY2xlMzU3MS5odG1sP2xhbmdfYXJ0aWNsZT1mciI+4oCcUHJlc3MgUmV2aWV3OiBNYXJjaCAyMDI24oCdPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 8 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTY1Lmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyI2h0dHBzOi8vbWlncmV1cm9wLm9yZy9hcnRpY2xlMzU2NS5odG1sP2xhbmdfYXJ0aWNsZT1mciI+4oCcTWFnaHJlYiBhbmQgRXVyb3BlYW4gVW5pb24gc3RhdGVzIGd1aWx0eSBvZiBzeXN0ZW1hdGljIHZpb2xhdGlvbnMgb2YgaW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbCBsYXcgYW5kIGNyaW1lcyBhZ2FpbnN0PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; humanity&#8221;, 7 April 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Myria, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubXlyaWEuYmUvZnIvcHVibGljYXRpb25zL2xvaS1zdXItbGVzLXZpc2l0ZXMtZG9taWNpbGlhaXJlcy1kZXMtY29uZGl0aW9ucy12YWd1ZXMtZXQtcGV1LWRlLWdhcmFudGllcyNodHRwczovL3d3dy5teXJpYS5iZS9mci9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbnMvbG9pLXN1ci1sZXMtdmlzaXRlcy1kb21pY2lsaWFpcmVzLWRlcy1jb25kaXRpb25zLXZhZ3Vlcy1ldC1wZXUtZGUtZ2FyYW50aWVzIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAnExhdyBvbiBob21lIHZpc2l0czogdmFndWUgY29uZGl0aW9ucyBhbmQgZmV3PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; safeguards&#8221;, 30 July 2025 and Cir&#233;, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY2lyZS5iZS9jZWNpLW5lc3QtcGFzLXVuZS1maWN0aW9uLyNodHRwczovL3d3dy5jaXJlLmJlL2NlY2ktbmVzdC1wYXMtdW5lLWZpY3Rpb24vIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAnFRoaXMgaXMgbm90IGZpY3Rpb24sIGl0IGlzIGEgZHJhZnQgbGF3ITwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#8221;, 27 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Ibid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Migreurop, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTUxLmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyI291dGlsX3NvbW1haXJlXzkiPuKAnFByZXNzIHJldmlldyBGZWJydWFyeTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 2026&#8221;, 10 March 2026, on the &#8220;return&#8221; regulation&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in particular Amnesty International, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1uZXN0eS5mci93cC1jb250ZW50L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAyNS8wNi9hQTgzRHZJcVJMZGFCcUl4X1JhcHBvcnRBbm51ZWxBSTIwMjQtMjAyNS5wZGYjaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1uZXN0eS5mci93cC1jb250ZW50L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAyNS8wNi9hQTgzRHZJcVJMZGFCcUl4X1JhcHBvcnRBbm51ZWxBSTIwMjQtMjAyNS5wZGYiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+4oCcVGhlIFN0YXRlIG9mIEh1bWFuIFJpZ2h0cyBpbiB0aGU8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; World&#8221;, April 2025, pages 91&#8211;94&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Ibid&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Lighthouse Reports, &#8220;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGlnaHRob3VzZXJlcG9ydHMuY29tL2ludmVzdGlnYXRpb24vd2Utd2VyZS1zbGF2ZXMvI2h0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmxpZ2h0aG91c2VyZXBvcnRzLmNvbS9pbnZlc3RpZ2F0aW9uL3dlLXdlcmUtc2xhdmVzLyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5XZSB3ZXJlPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; slaves&#8221;, 28 June 2022; or Human Rights Watch, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaHJ3Lm9yZy9yZXBvcnQvMjAyMi8wNC8wNy90aGVpci1mYWNlcy13ZXJlLWNvdmVyZWQvZ3JlZWNlcy11c2UtbWlncmFudHMtcG9saWNlLWF1eGlsaWFyaWVzLXB1c2hiYWNrcyNodHRwczovL3d3dy5ocncub3JnL3JlcG9ydC8yMDIyLzA0LzA3L3RoZWlyLWZhY2VzLXdlcmUtY292ZXJlZC9ncmVlY2VzLXVzZS1taWdyYW50cy1wb2xpY2UtYXV4aWxpYXJpZXMtcHVzaGJhY2tzIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAnFRoZWlyIEZhY2VzIFdlcmUgQ292ZXJlZOKAnS4gR3JlZWNl4oCZcyBVc2Ugb2YgTWlncmFudHMgYXMgUG9saWNlIEF1eGlsaWFyaWVzIGluIFB1c2hiYWNrczwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 7 April 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in particular the press release from the National Association of Italian Magistrates (ANM), &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYXNzb2NpYXppb25lbWFnaXN0cmF0aS5pdC9kb2MvNTA3Ny9zaWN1cmV6emEtc2NvbmNlcnRvLXBlci1hdHRhY2NvLWEtZGlyaXR0by1kaS1kaWZlc2EuaHRtI2h0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmFzc29jaWF6aW9uZW1hZ2lzdHJhdGkuaXQvZG9jLzUwNzcvc2ljdXJlenphLXNjb25jZXJ0by1wZXItYXR0YWNjby1hLWRpcml0dG8tZGktZGlmZXNhLmh0bSIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj7igJxTZWN1cml0eSBEZWNyZWU6IGRpc21heSBhdCBhdHRhY2sgb24gdGhlIHJpZ2h0IHRvPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; defence&#8221;, 18 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;For further information, see the Migreurop press release, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzMjMwLmh0bWwjaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzMjMwLmh0bWwiPuKAnEl0YWx5LUFsYmFuaWEgTWVtb3JhbmR1bSBvZiBVbmRlcnN0YW5kaW5nIG9uIE1pZ3JhdGlvbjogQ3Jvc3MtQm9yZGVyIENvb3BlcmF0aW9uIENvbnRyYXJ5IHRvIEludGVybmF0aW9uYWw8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Law&#8221;, 13 February 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See the statement by the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; procedures&#8221;, 13 November 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in particular Stop de Asielwetten, &#8220;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9zdG9wZGVhc2llbHdldHRlbi5ubC9hY3R1ZWVsL25pZXV3cy9zdHJhZmJhYXJzdGVsbGluZy12YW4tdGFmZWwjaHR0cHM6Ly9zdG9wZGVhc2llbHdldHRlbi5ubC9hY3R1ZWVsL25pZXV3cy9zdHJhZmJhYXJzdGVsbGluZy12YW4tdGFmZWwiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+QSBiaXR0ZXJzd2VldCB2aWN0b3J5OiBDcmltaW5hbGlzYXRpb24gb2ZmIHRoZSB0YWJsZTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#8221;, 21 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;The suspension of the right to asylum was subsequently extended four times in 2025 and once in 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in particular the joint report &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iZmlsZTovLy9DOi9Vc2Vycy9hZG1pbi9Eb3dubG9hZHMvUHVzaGJhY2tzIFJlcG9ydCAyMDI1LnBkZiNmaWxlOi8vL0M6L1VzZXJzL2FkbWluL0Rvd25sb2Fkcy9QdXNoYmFja3MgUmVwb3J0IDIwMjUucGRmIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiPuKAnEJlYXRlbiBiYWNrIGF0IEV1cm9wZeKAmXMgYm9yZGVycyDigJMgMjAyNSBhbm51YWwgcmVwb3J0IG9uPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; pushbacks&#8221;,February 2026, pages 11&#8211;13.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;According to the report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudW5vZGMub3JnL2RvY3VtZW50cy9kYXRhLWFuZC1hbmFseXNpcy9nbG9zb20vR0xPU09NXzIwMThfd2ViX3NtYWxsLnBkZiNodHRwczovL3d3dy51bm9kYy5vcmcvZG9jdW1lbnRzL2RhdGEtYW5kLWFuYWx5c2lzL2dsb3NvbS9HTE9TT01fMjAxOF93ZWJfc21hbGwucGRmIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAnEdsb2JhbCBzdHVkeSBvbiBzbXVnZ2xpbmcgb2Y8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; migrants&#8221;, June 2018, the demand for facilitation services is determined primarily by the limitation of so-called &#8220;legal&#8221; routes of access to certain territories.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;The Sandhurst Treaty provides that the United Kingdom shall fund part of the measures taken by France to &#8220;secure&#8221; French beaches, as the Franco-British border is situated on French soil. Since its signing in 2018 and to date, the United Kingdom has paid approximately &#8364;540 million to France.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See on this subject InfoMigrants, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; months&#8221;, 1 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Ibid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See The Guardian, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlZ3VhcmRpYW4uY29tL3VrLW5ld3MvMjAyNC9tYXIvMjMvdWstZnVuZGluZy1mcmVuY2gtbWlncmFudHMtc21hbGwtYm9hdC1ib3JkZXItZm9yY2VzI2h0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnRoZWd1YXJkaWFuLmNvbS91ay1uZXdzLzIwMjQvbWFyLzIzL3VrLWZ1bmRpbmctZnJlbmNoLW1pZ3JhbnRzLXNtYWxsLWJvYXQtYm9yZGVyLWZvcmNlcyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj7igJxSZXZlYWxlZDogVUstZnVuZGVkIEZyZW5jaCBmb3JjZXMgcHV0dGluZyBtaWdyYW50c+KAmSBsaXZlcyBhdCByaXNrIHdpdGggc21hbGwtYm9hdDwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; tactics&#8221;, 23 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See the report by the Human Rights Network, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaHVtYW5zZm9ycmlnaHRzLm9yZy9zdGF0ZS12aW9sZW5jZSNodHRwczovL3d3dy5odW1hbnNmb3JyaWdodHMub3JnL3N0YXRlLXZpb2xlbmNlIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAnFlvdSBjYW7igJl0IHN0YXkgYnV0IHlvdSBjYW7igJl0IGdvIOKAkyBTdGF0ZSB2aW9sZW5jZSBhdCB0aGUgVUstRnJhbmNlPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; border&#8221;, December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See InfoMigrants, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; researchers&#8221;, 31 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Euractiv, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; underway&#8221;, 20 October 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See also InfoMigrants, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcwMDkxL2xhbGxlbWFnbmUtZXhwdWxzZS0yMC1jcmltaW5lbHMtYWZnaGFucy12ZXJzLWthYm91bCNodHRwczovL3d3dy5pbmZvbWlncmFudHMubmV0L2ZyL3Bvc3QvNzAwOTEvbGFsbGVtYWduZS1leHB1bHNlLTIwLWNyaW1pbmVscy1hZmdoYW5zLXZlcnMta2Fib3VsIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAnEdlcm1hbnkgZGVwb3J0cyAyMCBBZmdoYW4gY3JpbWluYWxzIHRvIEthYnVsPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#8221;, 27 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in particular the European Council's &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY29uc2lsaXVtLmV1cm9wYS5ldS9mci9wb2xpY2llcy9hZmdoYW5pc3Rhbi1ldS1yZXNwb25zZS8jaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY29uc2lsaXVtLmV1cm9wYS5ldS9mci9wb2xpY2llcy9hZmdoYW5pc3Rhbi1ldS1yZXNwb25zZS8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+ZmFjdHNoZWV0IG9uIEFmZ2hhbmlzdGFuPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Revue de presse avril 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3588.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3588.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-05-11T08:33:35Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Belgique</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Alg&#233;rie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Gr&#232;ce</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Albanie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pays-Bas</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pologne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Afghanistan</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Surveillance et contr&#244;le</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>R&#233;voltes et mobilisations</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Renvois forc&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Politiques migratoires</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pays s&#251;rs</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation des fronti&#232;res</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Enfermement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Tunisie Business News, &#171; La rue pour briser le silence : mobilisation citoyenne contre le racisme &#224; Tunis &#187;, le 11 avril 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&#192; la suite d'une p&#233;tition citoyenne lanc&#233;e le 7 avril et diffus&#233;e sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux, une marche de solidarit&#233; contre le racisme s'est tenue &#224; Tunis le samedi 11 avril. Des slogans ont &#233;t&#233; scand&#233;s pour d&#233;noncer les discours racistes en ligne, les propos discriminatoires de certain&#183;e&#183;s d&#233;put&#233;&#183;e&#183;s tunisien&#183;ne&#183;s, ainsi que la r&#233;pression visant les migrant&#183;e&#183;s et (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/4-3-a7907.png?1778488618' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Belgique&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Belgique&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Belgique/Alg&#233;rie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Belgique/Alg&#233;rie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Gr&#232;ce&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Italie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italie/Albanie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Italie/Albanie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Pays-Bas&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Pays-Bas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Pologne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Pologne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni/France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Royaume-Uni/France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;N&#233;gociations entre l'UE et les talibans&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;N&#233;gociations entre l'UE et (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Business News, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9idXNpbmVzc25ld3MuY29tLnRuLzIwMjYvMDQvMTEvbGEtcnVlLXBvdXItYnJpc2VyLWxlLXNpbGVuY2UtbW9iaWxpc2F0aW9uLWNpdG95ZW5uZS1jb250cmUtbGUtcmFjaXNtZS1hLXR1bmlzLzEzOTYwODgvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnsmbmJzcDt9e0xhIHJ1ZSBwb3VyIGJyaXNlciBsZSBzaWxlbmNlJm5ic3A7OiBtb2JpbGlzYXRpb24gY2l0b3llbm5lIGNvbnRyZSBsZSByYWNpc21lIMOgIFR1bmlzfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 11 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#192; la suite d'une &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly90dW5pc2lhbnNvbGlkYXJpdHkub3JnL2VuL3JhY2lzbWUvIyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5ww6l0aXRpb24gY2l0b3llbm5lPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; lanc&#233;e le 7 avril et diffus&#233;e sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux, une marche de solidarit&#233; contre le racisme s'est tenue &#224; Tunis le samedi 11 avril. Des slogans ont &#233;t&#233; scand&#233;s pour d&#233;noncer les discours racistes en ligne, les propos discriminatoires de certain&#183;e&#183;s d&#233;put&#233;&#183;e&#183;s tunisien&#183;ne&#183;s, ainsi que la r&#233;pression visant les migrant&#183;e&#183;s et les d&#233;fenseur&#183;e&#183;s des droits en Tunisie.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le racisme envers les migrant&#183;e&#183;s d'Afrique subsaharienne et les Tunisien&#183;ne&#183;s noir&#183;e&#183;s s'intensifie dans le pays. Des campagnes de d&#233;sinformation et de haine orchestr&#233;es par le gouvernement de Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed, des arrestations arbitraires et des poursuites fond&#233;es sur de fausses accusations contre les militant&#183;e&#183;s antiracistes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, , 8 avril 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh4-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, ainsi que des pressions croissantes sur la soci&#233;t&#233; civile solidaire fa&#231;onnent aujourd'hui la r&#233;alit&#233; tunisienne. Cette situation s'inscrit en partie dans le r&#244;le de &#171; garde-fronti&#232;re &#187; que la Tunisie a endoss&#233; pour le compte de l'Italie et de l'Union europ&#233;enne, surtout depuis 2023, dans le cadre du &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9lYy5ldXJvcGEuZXUvY29tbWlzc2lvbi9wcmVzc2Nvcm5lci9kZXRhaWwvcHQvaXBfMjNfMzg4NyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5tw6ltb3JhbmR1bSBk4oCZZW50ZW50ZSBVRS1UdW5pc2llPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, fortement soutenu par le gouvernement italien et visant &#224; dissuader et entraver les d&#233;parts vers l'Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Malgr&#233; cette r&#233;pression g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233;e, la mobilisation citoyenne d&#233;montre que la soci&#233;t&#233; civile ne faiblit pas, et continue de r&#233;sister et de se mobiliser pour la d&#233;fense des droits humains, dont les violations engagent la responsabilit&#233; de l'UE et de ses politiques d'externalisation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jugement du Tribunal Permanent des Peuples&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lebrief&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;.ma, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGVicmllZi5tYS90cmlidW5hbC1wZXJtYW5lbnQtZGVzLXBldXBsZXMtbGVzLWV0YXRzLWR1LW1hZ2hyZWItZXQtbHVuaW9uLWV1cm9wZWVubmUtcmVzcG9uc2FibGVzLWRlLXZpb2xhdGlvbnMtc3lzdGVtYXRpcXVlcy1kZXMtZHJvaXRzLWRlcy1taWdyYW50cy0xMDAxNDcxNDIvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntUcmlidW5hbCBwZXJtYW5lbnQgZGVzIHBldXBsZXMmbmJzcDs6IGxlcyDDiXRhdHMgZHUgTWFnaHJlYiBldCBs4oCZVW5pb24gZXVyb3DDqWVubmUgcmVzcG9uc2FibGVzIGRlIHZpb2xhdGlvbnMgc3lzdMOpbWF0aXF1ZXMgZGVzIGRyb2l0cyBkZXMgbWlncmFudHN9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 6 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 31 mars &#224; Rabat, le jury de la 56e session du Tribunal permanent des peuples (TPP) a rendu son&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9wZXJtYW5lbnRwZW9wbGVzdHJpYnVuYWwub3JnL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI1LzExL1RQUF9NaWdyYXppb25lX01hZ2hyZWJfU2VudGVuemFfRlJfMzAtbWFyem8tMjAyNi5wZGYiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+anVnZW1lbnQgZMOpZmluaXRpZjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. &#192; la suite d'un acte d'accusation r&#233;dig&#233; par une coalition d'organisations de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile, le TPP a reconnu les &#201;tats du Maghreb, l'UE et plusieurs de ses &#201;tats membres coupables de violations syst&#233;matiques et syst&#233;miques du droit international (non-assistance &#224; personnes en danger, d&#233;tentions arbitraires, torture, refoulements, discriminations raciales, violations des droits). Lors des audiences qui se sont tenues en octobre 2025 &#224; Palerme (Italie), des &#233;l&#233;ments de preuve ont &#233;t&#233; pr&#233;sent&#233;s tels que l'existence en Libye d'un syst&#232;me de refoulement, de d&#233;tention, de traite et d'exploitation ; des refoulements, abandons dans le d&#233;sert et des violences racistes en Tunisie ; un continuum de violences allant de la d&#233;tention arbitraire en Libye jusqu'&#224; la criminalisation des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s et de leurs soutiens en Europe ; des attaques incessantes contre les op&#233;rations civiles de sauvetage en mer...L'UE et ses &#201;tats membres ont &#233;t&#233; consid&#233;r&#233;s complices de ces violations des droits pour avoir financ&#233; et encourag&#233; ces crimes, notamment &#224; travers leurs politiques d'externalisation des fronti&#232;res.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Au-del&#224; des violations du droit international par les &#201;tats, le TPP mentionne &#233;galement la possible qualification de crimes contre l'Humanit&#233;, dans la mesure o&#249; les faits document&#233;s r&#233;sultent de choix d&#233;lib&#233;r&#233;s d'individus et d'actes effectu&#233;s en pleine conscience.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce jugement, qui n'a pas de valeur juridique contraignante, repr&#233;sente toutefois une avanc&#233;e symbolique permettant la reconnaissance, par une juridiction citoyenne, des crimes perp&#233;tr&#233;s contre les personnes migrantes. C'est une premi&#232;re &#233;tape visant &#224; mobiliser l'opinion publique et &#224; d&#233;passer les barri&#232;res du silence, de la haine et de la marginalisation qui entourent les questions migratoires&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; &#187;, 7 avril 2026.&#034; id=&#034;nh4-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Belgique&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;RTL info, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucnRsLmJlL2FjdHUvYmVsZ2lxdWUvcG9saXRpcXVlL2lsLW5lLXBldXQtcGx1cy1zYWdpci1kdW4tc3VqZXQtdGFib3UtbGUtZ291dmVybmVtZW50LWRvbm5lLXNvbi1mZXUtdmVydC11bmUvMjAyNi0wNC0wMy9hcnRpY2xlLzc4NDcxMCIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57SWwgbmUgcGV1dCBwbHVzIHPigJlhZ2lyIGTigJl1biBzdWpldCB0YWJvdSZuYnNwOyYjMTg3OyZuYnNwOzogbGUgZ291dmVybmVtZW50IGRvbm5lIHNvbiBmZXUgdmVydCDDoCB1bmUgbWVzdXJlIGNvbnRyb3ZlcnPDqWV9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 3 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le gouvernement belge a approuv&#233; en deuxi&#232;me lecture le projet de loi autorisant les &#171; visites domiciliaires &#187; (2025), qui permettrait &#224; la police, avec l'autorisation d'un juge, d'effectuer des perquisitions au domicile d'une personne sans titre de s&#233;jour, qui repr&#233;senterait &#171; un danger pour l'ordre public ou la s&#233;curit&#233; nationale &#187;, dans le but de proc&#233;der &#224; son arrestation et &#224; son expulsion.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le projet suscite de graves inqui&#233;tudes au regard des droits fondamentaux, tels que le droit au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale (art. 8 de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme), ainsi que du principe de l'inviolabilit&#233; du domicile (art. 15 de la Constitution belge). Ces droits sont menac&#233;s par la notion non d&#233;finie de &#171; danger pour l'ordre public &#187;, qui ouvre la porte &#224; l'arbitraire. En outre, aucun recours n'est pr&#233;vu pour contester la l&#233;galit&#233; de la &#171; visite &#187;, ce qui viole le droit &#224; un recours effectif&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Myria, &#171; &#187; , 30 juillet 2025 et Cir&#233;, &#171; &#187;, 27 novembre 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh4-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Plusieurs organisations de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile, et des institutions publiques, ont d&#233;nonc&#233; le projet de loi d&#232;s son d&#233;p&#244;t l'ann&#233;e derni&#232;re, en l'estimant non conforme aux crit&#232;res de n&#233;cessit&#233; et de proportionnalit&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibidem&#034; id=&#034;nh4-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;S'il est approuv&#233; par le Parlement, il constituerait une nouvelle pierre dans la construction d'un r&#233;gime de surveillance des personnes exil&#233;es que les gouvernements europ&#233;ens tentent de mettre en place en Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; &#187;, 10 mars 2026, sur le r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;&#034; id=&#034;nh4-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Belgique/Alg&#233;rie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcwNzA3L2xhLWJlbGdpcXVlLWNvbmNsdXQtdW4tYWNjb3JkLWF2ZWMtbGFsZ2VyaWUtcG91ci1hY2NlbGVyZXItbGVzLWV4cHVsc2lvbnMtZGFsZ2VyaWVucy1lbi1zaXR1YXRpb24taXJyZWd1bGllcmUiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e0xhIEJlbGdpcXVlIGNvbmNsdXQgdW4gYWNjb3JkIGF2ZWMgbOKAmUFsZ8OpcmllIHBvdXIgYWNjw6lsw6lyZXIgbGVzIGV4cHVsc2lvbnMgZCYjODIxNztBbGfDqXJpZW5zIGVuIHNpdHVhdGlvbiBpcnLDqWd1bGnDqHJlfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 2 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Belgique et l'Alg&#233;rie ont conclu un accord sur l'expulsion des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s alg&#233;rien&#183;ne&#183;s. L'accord, qui doit encore &#234;tre approuv&#233; par le Parlement belge, pr&#233;voit que l'Alg&#233;rie s'engage &#224; identifier ses ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s faisant l'objet d'une mesure d'expulsion dans un d&#233;lai de 15 jours , ainsi qu'&#224; accepter la possibilit&#233; de pr&#233;voir leur expulsion group&#233;e dans des vols d&#233;di&#233;s,avec la participation d'escortes alg&#233;riennes. Pourtant, la l&#233;galit&#233; des renvois group&#233;s de personnes d'une m&#234;me nationalit&#233; est contestable au regard des textes prot&#233;geant les droits humains (Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, Charte europ&#233;enne des droits fondamentaux) qui prohibent les expulsions collectives. En contrepartie, la Belgique accorde un acc&#232;s sans visa &#224; son territoire aux titulaires de passeports diplomatiques alg&#233;riens.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Il s'agit de l'&#233;ni&#232;me exemple d'accords, formels ou informels, conclu afin d'acc&#233;l&#233;rer les expulsions de personnes &#233;trang&#232;res depuis l'Europe, en contrepartie d'avantages financiers, commerciaux ou politiques. Une diplomatie du renvoi, au m&#233;pris des droits fondamentaux. Nombreuses sont ainsi les voix qui s'&#233;l&#232;vent pour d&#233;noncer une violation syst&#233;matique des droits en Alg&#233;rie : r&#233;tr&#233;cissement de l'espace de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile, r&#233;pression s&#233;v&#232;re de la libert&#233; d'expression, atteintes au droit de r&#233;union pacifique et d'association, et all&#233;gations de torture et autres mauvais traitements en sont certaines des illustrations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Amnesty International, &#171; &#187;, avril 2025, pages 91-94&#034; id=&#034;nh4-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Par ailleurs, des sanctions s&#233;v&#232;res sont pr&#233;vues en cas de sortie et d'aide &#224; la sortie &#171; ill&#233;gale &#187; du territoire alg&#233;rien, pouvant aller jusqu'&#224; cinq ans d'emprisonnement&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibidem&#034; id=&#034;nh4-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, ce qui est contraire au droit international (art.12-2 Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques &#171; Toute personne est libre de quitter n'importe quel pays, y compris le sien &#187;).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmJjLmNvbS9uZXdzL2FydGljbGVzL2M4NnZwcTQyZGwwbyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57R3JlZWsgcG9saWNlIHVzaW5nIG1hc2tlZCBtaWdyYW50cyB0byBmb3JjaWJseSBwdXNoIG90aGVyIG1pZ3JhbnRzIGJhY2sgYWNyb3NzIGJvcmRlcn17Jm5ic3A7fTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 14 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;De nouvelles preuves ont &#233;t&#233; recueillies concernant le recrutement, par les autorit&#233;s grecques, de personnes migrantes pour refouler d'autres exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; la fronti&#232;re avec la Turquie (r&#233;gion du fleuve Evros). En contrepartie, celles-ci recevraient de l'argent, ainsi que des documents administratifs leur permettant de demeurer en Gr&#232;ce pendant 25 jours.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette pratique n'est pas in&#233;dite et est document&#233;e par plusieurs organisations et enqu&#234;tes depuis au moins 2020&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Lighthouse Reports, &#171; &#187;, 28 juin 2022 ; ou encore Human (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le recrutement d'exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s en tant que &#171; mercenaires &#187; se ferait sous la contrainte, apr&#232;s leur franchissement de la fronti&#232;re entre la Turquie et la Gr&#232;ce. Masqu&#233;es, ces personnes seraient charg&#233;es de proc&#233;der &#224; des refoulements et d'exercer d'autres formes de violences, telles que des d&#233;shabillages forc&#233;s, des passages &#224; tabac et des vols d'effets personnels. En &#233;change de documents leur permettant de se maintenir un temps sur le territoire europ&#233;en.Une forme d'exploitation des migrant&#183;e&#183;s pour le &#171; contr&#244;le &#187; des fronti&#232;res, &#224; qui les autorit&#233;s grecques et europ&#233;ennes tenteraient de transf&#233;rer la responsabilit&#233; de pratiques violentes et attentatoires aux droits humains. Dans un exercice bien connu de d&#233;ni, la Gr&#232;ce comme Frontex d&#233;clarent ne pas avoir connaissance de ces faits.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il Post, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaWxwb3N0Lml0LzIwMjYvMDQvMjMvY29zYS1zb25vLXJpbXBhdHJpLXZvbG9udGFyaS1hc3Npc3RpdGktcGF0cm9jaW5pby1ncmF0dWl0by1taWdyYW50aS1kZWNyZXRvLXNpY3VyZXp6YS8/dXRtX2NhbXBhaWduPWxlZ2dpX2FuY2hlJmFtcDt1dG1fbWVkaXVtPWxlZ2dpX2FuY2hlJmFtcDt1dG1fc291cmNlPWlscG9zdCIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57Q2FwaXJlIG1lZ2xpbyBsZSBkdWUgcXVlc3Rpb25pIHN1aSBtaWdyYW50aSBkaSBjdWkgc2kgcGFybGEgZGEgZ2lvcm5pfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 23 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Post&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaWxwb3N0Lml0LzIwMjYvMDQvMjQvZ292ZXJuby1kZWNyZXRvLXNpY3VyZXp6YS1tb2RpZmljYS1pbmNlbnRpdmktcmltcGF0cmkvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIGhyZWZsYW5nPSJmciIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e0lsIGdvdmVybm8gaGEgbWVzc28gdW5hIHBlenphIGFsbGEgbm9ybWEgc3VpIHJpbXBhdHJpIHZvbG9udGFyaX08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 24 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 24 avril, le gouvernement italien a approuv&#233; un projet de loi visant &#224; modifier une mesure relative aux migrations contenue dans le &#171; d&#233;cret s&#251;ret&#233; &#187;, adopt&#233; le m&#234;me jour par le Parlement . La mesure pr&#233;voyait l'octroi d'une prime de 615 euros aux avocat&#183;e&#183;s charg&#233;&#183;e&#183;s des proc&#233;dures de retour dit &#171; volontaire &#187; dans le cas o&#249; ce retour aboutirait, mais elle avait &#233;t&#233; bloqu&#233;e par le Pr&#233;sident de la R&#233;publique pour motif d'inconstitutionnalit&#233;. Dans cette modification pr&#233;cipit&#233;e, la prime sera d&#233;sormais vers&#233;e aux avocat&#183;e&#183;s et &#224; d'autres acteur&#183;rice&#183;s impliqu&#233;&#183;e&#183;s dans la mise en &#339;uvre des &#171; retours volontaires &#187;, ind&#233;pendamment de l'issue. Le projet de loi doit encore &#234;tre approuv&#233; par le Parlement italien.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Une deuxi&#232;me mesure, entr&#233;e en vigueur dans le cadre du &#171; d&#233;cret s&#251;ret&#233; &#187; adopt&#233;, supprime l'octroi automatique de l'aide juridictionnelle pour les personnes migrantes contestant une proc&#233;dure d'expulsion. Celles-ci devront d&#233;sormais prouver qu'elles remplissent les conditions de ressources en fournissant des documents (notamment une attestation consulaire) souvent tr&#232;s difficiles &#224; obtenir dans les d&#233;lais pr&#233;vus par la loi.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Au nom d'une pr&#233;tendue urgence &#224; expulser plus rapidement et plus efficacement, l'Italie porte atteinte &#224; ses obligations en mati&#232;re de garantie des droits, en tentant de fragiliser l'ind&#233;pendance et l'autonomie des avocat&#183;e&#183;s, et en introduisant des contraintes administratives qui rendent l'acc&#232;s &#224; l'aide juridictionnelle pour certaines personnes exil&#233;es quasiment impossible. M&#234;me si la version initiale de la premi&#232;re mesure n'a pas &#233;t&#233; adopt&#233;e, les &#233;volutions r&#233;centes t&#233;moignent d'une menace croissante et grave sur le droit &#224; la d&#233;fense des personnes migrantes, qui devrait pourtant &#234;tre &#171; plein, libre et concr&#232;tement accessible &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de presse de l'association nationale des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italie/Albanie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Politico&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucG9saXRpY28uZXUvYXJ0aWNsZS9pdGFseS1taWdyYW50LWRldGVudGlvbi1odWJzLWFsYmFuaWEtbm90LWFnYWluc3QtZXUtbGF3LXNheXMtdG9wLWV1LWNvdXJ0LWFkdmlzZXIvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntJdGFseeKAmXMgbWlncmFudCBkZXRlbnRpb24gaHVicyBpbiBBbGJhbmlhIG5vdCBhZ2FpbnN0IEVVIGxhdywgc2F5cyB0b3AgRVUgY291cnQgYWR2aXNlciZuYnNwOyYjMTg3OyB9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;, le 23 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un avocat g&#233;n&#233;ral &#224; la Cour de justice de l'Union europ&#233;enne (CJUE) a estim&#233; que le protocole d'accord Italie-Albanie (2023)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour en savoir plus, lire le communiqu&#233; de Migreurop, &#171; &#187;, 13 f&#233;vrier 2024&#034; id=&#034;nh4-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; est, en principe, conforme au droit europ&#233;en. Ce dernier n'emp&#234;cherait pas les &#201;tats membres de mettre en place, en dehors de leur territoire, des camps de d&#233;tention d&#233;di&#233;s aux proc&#233;dures d'expulsion et/ou au traitement des demandes d'asile, &#224; condition que l'&#201;tat tiers concern&#233; respecte le droit de l'Union, et les droits des migrant&#183;e&#183;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Il s'agit d'un avis non contraignant, qui contribue pourtant &#224; la l&#233;gitimation politique du nouvel avatar de la politique d'externalisation europ&#233;enne , initi&#233; par l'Italie, et qui a inspir&#233; les nouvelles r&#233;glementations europ&#233;ennes (cf. r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;2026).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Commissaire aux droits de l'Homme du Conseil de l'Europe a dans ce sens rappel&#233; en 2023 que &#171; la possibilit&#233; de d&#233;poser une demande d'asile et de la faire examiner sur le territoire des &#201;tats membres reste une composante indispensable d'un syst&#232;me fiable et respectueux des droits humains &#187;, ajoutant que &#171; le protocole d'accord cr&#233;e un r&#233;gime d'asile extraterritorial ad hoc, caract&#233;ris&#233; par de nombreuses ambigu&#239;t&#233;s juridiques&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir la d&#233;claration du Commissaire aux droits de l'Homme du Conseil de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Il reste d&#233;sormais &#224; attendre la d&#233;cision d&#233;finitive de la CJUE.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pays-Bas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;DutchNews, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZHV0Y2huZXdzLm5sLzIwMjYvMDQvc2VuYXRlLXJlamVjdHMtbGF3LXRvLWNyaW1pbmFsaXNlLWxpdmluZy1pbi1ubC13aXRob3V0LXBhcGVycy8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgaHJlZmxhbmc9ImZyIiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57Jm5ic3A7U2VuYXRlIH17cmVqZWN0cyBiaWxsIHRvIGNyaW1pbmFsaXNlIGxpdmluZyBpbiBOTCB3aXRob3V0IHBhcGVyc308L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 21 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzYxODgxL2xlcy1wYXlzYmFzLWFkb3B0ZW50LWxlLWRvdWJsZS1zdGF0dXQtcG91ci1sZXMtZGVtYW5kZXVycy1kYXNpbGUiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgaHJlZmxhbmc9ImZyIiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57TGVzIFBheXMtQmFzIGFkb3B0ZW50IGxlIGRvdWJsZSBzdGF0dXQgcG91ciBsZXMgZGVtYW5kZXVycyBkJiM4MjE3O2FzaWxlfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 23 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 21 avril, le S&#233;nat a rejet&#233; une proposition de loi visant &#224; criminaliser le s&#233;jour dit &#171; irr&#233;gulier &#187;, qui aurait entra&#238;n&#233; un risque accru d'exclusion sociale des personnes exil&#233;es, ainsi que l'exposition &#224; des risques juridiques pour les personnes apportant une aide humanitaire, notamment en fournissant de la nourriture, un abri ou toute autre forme de soutien.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce rejet arrive suite &#224; une large mobilisation de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile n&#233;erlandaise. Environ 120 organisations ont rejoint la campagne &#171; &lt;i&gt;Stop de asielwetten&lt;/i&gt; &#187; (Halte aux lois sur l'asile), en soulignant les effets n&#233;gatifs potentiels de la loi sur l'acc&#232;s effectif aux droits fondamentaux tels que l'&#233;ducation, les soins de sant&#233; et l'assistance juridique, qui doivent &#234;tre garantis ind&#233;pendamment du statut administratif des personnes. Des municipalit&#233;s, dont Amsterdam, ont &#233;galement manifest&#233; leur opposition, montrant que l'&#233;chelon local peut constituer un contre-pouvoir face &#224; l'&#201;tat.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cependant, cette victoire a &#233;t&#233; qualifi&#233;e de &#171; douce-am&#232;re &#187; par la coalition de la campagne&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Stop de Asielwetten, &#171; &#187;, 21 avril 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh4-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, car le S&#233;nat a approuv&#233; un syst&#232;me de &#171; double statut &#187; pour les migrant&#183;e&#183;s demandeur&#183;euses d'asile, qui accordera des droits diff&#233;rents &#224; celles et ceux qui fuient des pers&#233;cutions individuelles &#8211; qui b&#233;n&#233;ficieraient d'une protection dite &#171; compl&#232;te &#187; en tant que r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es &#8211; et celles et ceux qui fuient des guerres ou des catastrophes naturelles, qui auraient des droits limit&#233;s, notamment en mati&#232;re de regroupement familial. Cette distinction existe d&#233;j&#224; dans de nombreux pays europ&#233;ens (statut de r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e et protection subsidiaire). Son introduction aux Pays-Bas, o&#249; jusqu'ici les droits des deux cat&#233;gories de demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile &#233;taient les m&#234;mes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Refugee Help, &#171; &#187;, 23 d&#233;cembre 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh4-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, suscite des pr&#233;occupations au sein de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile quant au respect de la dignit&#233; humaine. La coalition se dit donc pr&#234;te &#224; poursuivre sa bataille contre les politiques migratoires r&#233;pressives du gouvernement n&#233;erlandais. Une lutte qui appara&#238;t de plus en plus urgente dans le contexte europ&#233;en actuel, domin&#233; par les id&#233;ologies racistes et les l&#233;gislations attentatoires aux droits des personnes migrantes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pologne&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcwNzY0L2JhaXNzZS1kZXMtcGFzc2FnZXMtYS1sYS1mcm9udGllcmUtZW50cmUtcG9sb2duZS1ldC1iaWVsb3J1c3NpZS0tbGVzLWl0aW5lcmFpcmVzLWRhbmdlcmV1eC1zZXJvbnQtcGx1cy1mcmVxdWVudGVzIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntCYWlzc2UgZGVzIHBhc3NhZ2VzIMOgIGxhIGZyb250acOocmUgZW50cmUgUG9sb2duZSBldCBCacOpbG9ydXNzaWUmbmJzcDs6ICYjODIxNztMZXMgaXRpbsOpcmFpcmVzIGRhbmdlcmV1eCBzZXJvbnQgcGx1cyBmcsOpcXVlbnTDqXN9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 10 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le gouvernement polonais a r&#233;cemment communiqu&#233; une forte baisse des tentatives de franchissement de la fronti&#232;re entre la Pologne et la Bi&#233;lorussie en quatre ans, qu'il attribue au renforcement de la militarisation de la fronti&#232;re et &#224; la suspension temporaire de l'enregistrement des demandes d'asile. Les organisations d'aide aux personnes exil&#233;es alertent sur le fait qu'en r&#233;alit&#233;, ces politiques n'ont fait que contraindre les personnes exil&#233;es &#224; traverser la fronti&#232;re via des tunnels souterrains dans des conditions tr&#232;s risqu&#233;es.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Pologne &#8211; comme d'autres pays europ&#233;ens, arguant d'une hausse des demandes d'asile et des arriv&#233;es sur leurs territoire &#8211; a d&#233;cid&#233; de suspendre l'enregistrement des demandes d'asile &#224; ses fronti&#232;res en 2024. Cette violation de ses obligations internationales a &#233;t&#233; faite avec l'aval de l'UE, qui permet de limiter l'enregistrement des demandes d'asile dans des circonstances dites &#171; exceptionnelles &#187;, notamment pour les &#201;tats membres confront&#233;s &#224; une &#171; situation de crise &#187;, d'&#171; afflux massif &#187; ou &#224; une &#171; instrumentalisation des mouvements migratoires &#187;. Depuis 2021, Varsovie accuse en effet Minsk de coorganiser avec Moscou l'arriv&#233;e de personnes migrantes afin de &#171; d&#233;stabiliser &#187; le territoire de l'UE&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;La suspension du droit d'asile a ensuite &#233;t&#233; prolong&#233;e quatre fois en 2025 e (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Parmi les effets de cette suspension, figurent les 14 754 refoulements vers la Bi&#233;lorussie op&#233;r&#233;s de fa&#231;on ill&#233;galepar les autorit&#233;s polonaises entre janvier et d&#233;cembre 2025, violant leurs droits et exposant les personnes exil&#233;es &#224; des conditions inhumaines et d&#233;gradantes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le rapport conjoint &#171; &#187;,f&#233;vrier 2026, pages 11-13.&#034; id=&#034;nh4-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La multiplication des franchissements de la fronti&#232;re par des tunnels et autres voies alternatives d&#233;montre une fois de plus que les politiques migratoires r&#233;pressives et s&#233;curitaires ne mettent pas fin aux mouvements migratoires : elles rendent les itin&#233;raires plus dangereux et plus longs, et poussent les personnes exil&#233;es &#224; recourir &#224; des facilitateurs devenus n&#233;cessaires dans le contexte de fermeture des fronti&#232;res&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Selon le rapport de l'Office des Nations Unies contre la drogue et le (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Royaume-Uni/France&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGVtb25kZS5mci9pbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsL2FydGljbGUvMjAyNi8wNC8yMy9ub3V2ZWwtYWNjb3JkLWZyYW5jby1icml0YW5uaXF1ZS1wb3VyLWVuZGlndWVyLWxlcy10cmF2ZXJzZWVzLWRlLW1pZ3JhbnRzLWVuLW1hbmNoZV82NjgyNDY0XzMyMTAuaHRtbD9zZWFyY2gtdHlwZT1jbGFzc2ljJmFtcDtpc2VfY2xpY2tfcmFuaz0yIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntOb3V2ZWwgYWNjb3JkIGZyYW5jby1icml0YW5uaXF1ZSBwb3VyIGVuZGlndWVyIGxlcyB0cmF2ZXJzw6llcyBkZSBtaWdyYW50cyBlbiBNYW5jaGV9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 23 avril 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La France et le Royaume-Uni ont trouv&#233; un terrain d'entente pour prolonger l'accord de coop&#233;ration visant &#224; emp&#234;cher les travers&#233;es dites &#171; irr&#233;guli&#232;res &#187; de la Manche (&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ2lzdGkub3JnL0lNRy9wZGYvYWNjb3JkX2ZyYW5jZS1yb3lhdW1ldW5pXzIwMTgucGRmIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnRyYWl0w6kgZGUgU2FuZGh1cnN0PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 2018)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Le trait&#233; de Sandhurst pr&#233;voit que le Royaume-Uni finance une partie des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le Royaume-Uni fournira un financement qui pourra aller jusqu'&#224; 766 millions d'euros sur trois ans et qui comprend &#171; une partie flexible &#187;(186 millions d'euros), conditionn&#233;e &#224; l'efficacit&#233; des dispositions prises pour &#171; pr&#233;venir les tentatives de travers&#233;es &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette d&#233;cision intervient apr&#232;s des mois de tensions, durant lesquels le Royaume-Uni avait insist&#233; pour que la France augmente les interceptions en mer des &#171; &lt;i&gt;small boats&lt;/i&gt; &#187; (petites embarcations utilis&#233;es pour les travers&#233;es de la Manche), faute de quoi il n'aurait pas renouvel&#233; ses financements&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &#187;, 1 avril 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh4-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La France s'y &#233;tait oppos&#233;e au d&#233;part,le Secr&#233;taire d'&#201;tat charg&#233; de la Mer, Xavier Ducept ayant soulign&#233; que les pratiques d'interception exig&#233;es par le Royaume-Uni risqueraient de violer le droit international et de mettre &#171; en danger la vie des personnes exil&#233;es et des agents fran&#231;ais &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibidem&#034; id=&#034;nh4-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En effet, les interceptions par les forces de l'ordre fran&#231;aises pour ramener les exil&#233;.e.s vers le littoral fran&#231;ais (&lt;i&gt;pullback&lt;/i&gt;) - pour le compte du Royaume-Uni - constituent une forme de refoulement, une pratique contraire au droit international et attentatoire au droit d'asile. Mais de nombreux et violents &lt;i&gt;pullba&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ck&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;s&lt;/i&gt; ont d&#233;j&#224; &#233;t&#233; document&#233;sdans le cadre des op&#233;rations fran&#231;aises de &#171; surveillance &#187; dans la Manche financ&#233;es par le Royaume-Uni&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet The Guardian, &#171; &#187;, 23 mars 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh4-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. De plus, les op&#233;rations polici&#232;res men&#233;es &#224; l'encontre des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s sur les c&#244;tes fran&#231;aises, dans le but d'entraver les d&#233;parts vers le R.U. (d&#233;mant&#232;lement violent de campements, utilisation de gaz lacrymog&#232;ne, saisie de biens personnels, agressions physiques), mettent en danger constant la s&#233;curit&#233;, les droits et la vie des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir le report de Humans for Rights Network, &#171; &#187;, d&#233;cembre 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh4-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La France met donc de cot&#233; ses &#171; pr&#233;occupations &#187; concernant la vie des migrant&#183;e&#183;s et le respect du droit, au profit d'une coop&#233;ration meurtri&#232;re&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &#187;, 31 mars 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh4-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; qui n'a cess&#233; de se renforcer au cours des vingt derni&#232;res ann&#233;es (accords du Touquet, accord &#171; One In, One Out &#187;).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;N&#233;gociations entre l'UE et les talibans&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ldXJhY3Rpdi5mci9uZXdzL2V4Y2x1c2lmLWJydXhlbGxlcy1kZXZyYWl0LWFjY3VlaWxsaXItbGVzLXRhbGliYW5zLXBvdXItZGVzLWRpc2N1c3Npb25zLXN1ci1sZXMtZXhwdWxzaW9ucy1kYWZnaGFucy8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e0JydXhlbGxlcyBkZXZyYWl0IGFjY3VlaWxsaXIgbGVzIHRhbGliYW5zIHBvdXIgZGVzIGRpc2N1c3Npb25zIHN1ciBsZXMgZXhwdWxzaW9ucyBkJiM4MjE3O0FmZ2hhbnN9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187; , le 21 avril 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'Union europ&#233;enne s'appr&#234;te &#224; accueillir une d&#233;l&#233;gation de talibans afin de poursuivre les discussions sur l'expulsion de ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s afghan&#183;e&#183;s depuis le territoire europ&#233;en (janvier 2026)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Euractiv, &#171; &#187;, 20 octobre 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh4-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, notamment en ce qui concerne la coop&#233;ration des autorit&#233;s afghanes dans le processus d'identification et la d&#233;livrance de documents de voyage.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ces &#233;changes s'inscrivent dans un contexte de pressions croissantes de la part des gouvernements des &#201;tats membres en faveur de la mise en place d'un m&#233;canisme europ&#233;en visant &#224; coordonner les expulsions des Afghan&#183;e&#183;s d&#233;pourvu&#183;e&#183;s de droit au s&#233;jour ou condamn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s par la justice. En octobre 2025, 20 &#201;tats membres, &#224; l'initiative de la Belgique, avaient demand&#233; &#224; la Commission europ&#233;enne d'instaurer ce m&#233;canisme, et en f&#233;vrier 2026 l'Allemagne a &#233;t&#233; le premier pays europ&#233;en, depuis la prise de pouvoir des talibans (2021), &#224; proc&#233;der &#224; une expulsion directe vers l'Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &#187;,27 f&#233;vrier 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh4-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si l'UE s'&#233;tait jusqu'ici abrit&#233;e derri&#232;re la fiction des &#171; pays d'origine ou tiers s&#251;rs &#187; pour proc&#233;der &#224; des expulsions de personnes exil&#233;es, elle franchit aujourd'hui une &#233;tape suppl&#233;mentaire avec la proposition de r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;, pr&#233;voyant des expulsions vers tout pays tiers ayant conclu un accord formel ou informel avec un &#201;tat membre ou avec l'Union. Mais le texte de compromis adopt&#233; par le Parlement europ&#233;en le 26 mars 2026 pr&#233;voit en outre que&#171; toute communication [&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;vec les &#201;tats tiers &#224; des fins de r&#233;admission&lt;/i&gt;] ne pr&#233;juge en rien de la position de l'Union sur le statut des territoires ou des entit&#233;s concern&#233;s et ne saurait &#234;tre consid&#233;r&#233;e comme une reconnaissance, un soutien ou une validation de leur autorit&#233; ou de leur l&#233;gitimit&#233; &#187; (art. 37).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pr&#233;sent&#233;es sous un angle pr&#233;tendument &#171; technique &#187;, ces discussions avec les talibans, dont l'UE reconna&#238;t elle-m&#234;me que le r&#233;gime a entra&#238;n&#233; une &#171; d&#233;gradation sensible (&#8230;) des droits de l'Homme pour la population afghane &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment la du Conseil de l'Union europ&#233;enne&#034; id=&#034;nh4-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, pourraient conduire &#224; une institutionnalisation de la violation du principe de non-refoulement et exposer les personnes concern&#233;es &#224; la torture, &#224; des traitements inhumains et d&#233;gradants, &#224; des ex&#233;cutions arbitraires, et &#224; d'autres graves violations de droits en Afghanistan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6037 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;28&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/draft_revue_de_presse_avril_2026.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 260.1 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/4-6-66386.png?1778488618' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Revue de presse avril 2026
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTcxLmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyIj4mIzE3MTsmbmJzcDtSZXZ1ZSBkZSBwcmVzc2UgbWFycyAyMDI2Jm5ic3A7JiMxODc7PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 8 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTY1Lmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyIj4mbmJzcDtMZXMgw4l0YXRzIGR1IE1hZ2hyZWIgZXQgZGUgbOKAmVVuaW9uIGV1cm9ww6llbm5lIGNvdXBhYmxlcyBkZSB2aW9sYXRpb25zIHN5c3TDqW1hdGlxdWVzIGR1IGRyb2l0IGludGVybmF0aW9uYWwgZXQgZGUgY3JpbWVzIGNvbnRyZSBs4oCZaHVtYW5pdMOpPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 7 avril 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Myria, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubXlyaWEuYmUvZnIvcHVibGljYXRpb25zL2xvaS1zdXItbGVzLXZpc2l0ZXMtZG9taWNpbGlhaXJlcy1kZXMtY29uZGl0aW9ucy12YWd1ZXMtZXQtcGV1LWRlLWdhcmFudGllcyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj4mbmJzcDtMb2kgc3VyIGxlcyB2aXNpdGVzIGRvbWljaWxpYWlyZXPigK8mbmJzcDs6IGRlcyBjb25kaXRpb25zIHZhZ3VlcyBldCBwZXUgZGUgZ2FyYW50aWU8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187; , 30 juillet 2025 et Cir&#233;, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY2lyZS5iZS9jZWNpLW5lc3QtcGFzLXVuZS1maWN0aW9uLyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj4mbmJzcDtDZWNpIG4mIzgyMTc7ZXN0IHBhcyB1bmUgZmljdGlvbiwgYyYjODIxNztlc3QgdW4gcHJvamV0IGRlIGxvaSZuYnNwOyE8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 27 novembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Ibidem&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTUxLmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyI291dGlsX3NvbW1haXJlXzkiPlJldnVlIGRlIHByZXNzZSBmw6l2cmllciAyMDI2PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 10 mars 2026, sur le r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1uZXN0eS5mci93cC1jb250ZW50L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAyNS8wNi9hQTgzRHZJcVJMZGFCcUl4X1JhcHBvcnRBbm51ZWxBSTIwMjQtMjAyNS5wZGYiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+Jm5ic3A7TGEgc2l0dWF0aW9uIGRlcyBkcm9pdHMgaHVtYWlucyBkYW5zIGxlIG1vbmRlJm5ic3A7PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, avril 2025, pages 91-94&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Ibidem&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Lighthouse Reports, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGlnaHRob3VzZXJlcG9ydHMuY29tL2ludmVzdGlnYXRpb24vd2Utd2VyZS1zbGF2ZXMvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPiYjODIyMDtXZSB3ZXJlIHNsYXZlcyYjODIyMTs8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 28 juin 2022 ; ou encore Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaHJ3Lm9yZy9yZXBvcnQvMjAyMi8wNC8wNy90aGVpci1mYWNlcy13ZXJlLWNvdmVyZWQvZ3JlZWNlcy11c2UtbWlncmFudHMtcG9saWNlLWF1eGlsaWFyaWVzLXB1c2hiYWNrcyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj4mbmJzcDsmIzgyMjA7VGhlaXIgRmFjZXMgV2VyZSBDb3ZlcmVkJiM4MjIxOy4gR3JlZWNl4oCZcyBVc2Ugb2YgTWlncmFudHMgYXMgUG9saWNlIEF1eGlsaWFyaWVzIGluIFB1c2hiYWNrczwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 7 avril 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de presse de l'association nationale des magistrat&#183;e&#183;s italien&#183;ne&#183;s (ANM) , &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYXNzb2NpYXppb25lbWFnaXN0cmF0aS5pdC9kb2MvNTA3Ny9zaWN1cmV6emEtc2NvbmNlcnRvLXBlci1hdHRhY2NvLWEtZGlyaXR0by1kaS1kaWZlc2EuaHRtIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkRlY3JldG8gU2ljdXJlenphJm5ic3A7OiBzY29uY2VydG8gcGVyIGF0dGFjY28gYSBkaXJpdHRvIGRpIGRpZmVzYTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 18 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Pour en savoir plus, lire le communiqu&#233; de Migreurop, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzMjMwLmh0bWwiPlByb3RvY29sZSBk4oCZYWNjb3JkIEl0YWxpZS9BbGJhbmllIHN1ciBsZXMgbWlncmF0aW9ucyZuYnNwOzogdW5lIGNvb3DDqXJhdGlvbiB0cmFuc2Zyb250acOocmUgY29udHJhaXJlIGF1IGRyb2l0IGludGVybmF0aW9uYWw8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 13 f&#233;vrier 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir la d&#233;claration du Commissaire aux droits de l'Homme du Conseil de l'Europe, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY29lLmludC9mci93ZWIvY29tbWlzc2lvbmVyLy0vaXRhbHktYWxiYW5pYS1hZ3JlZW1lbnQtYWRkcy10by13b3JyeWluZy1ldXJvcGVhbi10cmVuZC10b3dhcmRzLWV4dGVybmFsaXNpbmctYXN5bHVtLXByb2NlZHVyZXMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+TCYjODIxNzthY2NvcmQgZW50cmUgbCYjODIxNztJdGFsaWUgZXQgbCYjODIxNztBbGJhbmllIGNvbmZpcm1lIGzigJlpbnF1acOpdGFudGUgdGVuZGFuY2UgZXVyb3DDqWVubmUgw6AgZXh0ZXJuYWxpc2VyIGxlcyBwcm9jw6lkdXJlcyBkJiM4MjE3O2FzaWxlPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 13 novembre 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Stop de Asielwetten, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9zdG9wZGVhc2llbHdldHRlbi5ubC9hY3R1ZWVsL25pZXV3cy9zdHJhZmJhYXJzdGVsbGluZy12YW4tdGFmZWwiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+Jm5ic3A7RWVuIGJpdHRlcnpvZXRlIG92ZXJ3aW5uaW5nJm5ic3A7OiBTdHJhZmJhYXJzdGVsbGluZyB2YW4gdGFmZWwmbmJzcDs8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 21 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Refugee Help, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucmVmdWdlZWhlbHAubmwvZW4vYXN5bHVtLXNlZWtlci9uZXdzLzEwMDUxNy1ob3VzZS1vZi1yZXByZXNlbnRhdGl2ZXMtYWdyZWVzLXRvLXN0cmljdGVyLWxhd3Mtb24tYXN5bHVtLW5vdy10aGUtc2VuYXRlLW11c3QtZGVjaWRlIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkhvdXNlIG9mIFJlcHJlc2VudGF0aXZlcyBhZ3JlZXMgdG8gc3RyaWN0ZXIgbGF3cyBvbiBhc3lsdW0mbmJzcDs6IG5vdyB0aGUgU2VuYXRlIG11c3QgZGVjaWRlPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 23 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;La suspension du droit d'asile a ensuite &#233;t&#233; prolong&#233;e quatre fois en 2025 e une fois en 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le rapport conjoint &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iZmlsZTovLy9DOi9Vc2Vycy9hZG1pbi9Eb3dubG9hZHMvUHVzaGJhY2tzIFJlcG9ydCAyMDI1LnBkZiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0Ij5CZWF0ZW4gYmFjayBhdCBFdXJvcGXigJlzIGJvcmRlcnMgLSAyMDI1IGFubnVhbCByZXBvcnQgb24gcHVzaGJhY2tzJm5ic3A7PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;,f&#233;vrier 2026, pages 11-13.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Selon le rapport de l'Office des Nations Unies contre la drogue et le crime, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudW5vZGMub3JnL2RvY3VtZW50cy9kYXRhLWFuZC1hbmFseXNpcy9nbG9zb20vR0xPU09NXzIwMThfd2ViX3NtYWxsLnBkZiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5HbG9iYWwgc3R1ZHkgb24gc211Z2dsaW5nIG9mIG1pZ3JhbnRzPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, juin 2018, la demande de services de facilitation est d&#233;termin&#233;e surtout par la limitation des voies dites &#171; l&#233;gales &#187; d'acc&#232;s &#224; certaines territoires.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Le trait&#233; de Sandhurst pr&#233;voit que le Royaume-Uni finance une partie des actions men&#233;es par la France pour &#171; s&#233;curiser &#187; les plages fran&#231;aises, la fronti&#232;re franco-britannique &#233;tant situ&#233;e sur le sol fran&#231;ais. Depuis sa signature en 2018 et jusqu'ici, le Royaume-Uni a vers&#233; environ 540 millions d'euros &#224; la France.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcwNjY1L3RyYXZlcnNlZXMtZGUtbGEtbWFuY2hlLS1sb25kcmVzLWV0LXBhcmlzLXByb2xvbmdlbnQtZGUtZGV1eC1tb2lzLXNldWxlbWVudC1sZXVyLWFjY29yZC1wb3VyLXNlY3VyaXNlci1sYS1mcm9udGllcmUiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+VHJhdmVyc8OpZXMgZGUgbGEgTWFuY2hlJm5ic3A7OiBMb25kcmVzIGV0IFBhcmlzIHByb2xvbmdlbnQgZGUgZGV1eCBtb2lzIHNldWxlbWVudCBsZXVyIGFjY29yZCBwb3VyIHPDqWN1cmlzZXIgbGEgZnJvbnRpw6hyZTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 1 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Ibidem&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet The Guardian, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlZ3VhcmRpYW4uY29tL3VrLW5ld3MvMjAyNC9tYXIvMjMvdWstZnVuZGluZy1mcmVuY2gtbWlncmFudHMtc21hbGwtYm9hdC1ib3JkZXItZm9yY2VzIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPiZuYnNwO1JldmVhbGVkJm5ic3A7OiBVSy1mdW5kZWQgRnJlbmNoIGZvcmNlcyBwdXR0aW5nIG1pZ3JhbnRz4oCZIGxpdmVzIGF0IHJpc2sgd2l0aCBzbWFsbC1ib2F0IHRhY3RpY3M8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 23 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir le report de Humans for Rights Network, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaHVtYW5zZm9ycmlnaHRzLm9yZy9zdGF0ZS12aW9sZW5jZSIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5Zb3UgY2Fu4oCZdCBzdGF5IGJ1dCB5b3UgY2Fu4oCZdCBnbyAtIFN0YXRlIHZpb2xlbmNlIGF0IHRoZSBVSy1GcmFuY2UgYm9yZGVyPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcwNjE2L2xlLXJlbmZvcmNlbWVudC1kZXMtY29udHJvbGVzLXBvbGljaWVycy1yZW5kLWxhLXRyYXZlcnNlZS1kZS1sYS1tYW5jaGUtcGx1cy1tb3J0ZWxsZS1zZWxvbi1kZXMtY2hlcmNoZXVycyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5MZSByZW5mb3JjZW1lbnQgZGVzIGNvbnRyw7RsZXMgcG9saWNpZXJzIHJlbmQgbGEgdHJhdmVyc8OpZSBkZSBsYSBNYW5jaGUgcGx1cyBtb3J0ZWxsZSwgc2Vsb24gZGVzIGNoZXJjaGV1cnM8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 31 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Euractiv, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ldXJhY3Rpdi5mci9uZXdzL21pZ3JhdGlvbnMtbGEtY29tbWlzc2lvbi1ldXJvcGVlbm5lLWFubm9uY2UtcXVlLWRlcy1kaXNjdXNzaW9ucy1hdmVjLWxlcy10YWxpYmFucy1zdXItbGVzLXJldG91cnMtc29udC1lbi1jb3Vycy8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+TWlncmF0aW9ucyZuYnNwOzogbGEgQ29tbWlzc2lvbiBldXJvcMOpZW5uZSBhbm5vbmNlIHF1ZSBkZXMgZGlzY3Vzc2lvbnMgYXZlYyBsZXMgdGFsaWJhbnMgc3VyIGxlcyByZXRvdXJzIHNvbnQgZW4gY291cnM8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 20 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcwMDkxL2xhbGxlbWFnbmUtZXhwdWxzZS0yMC1jcmltaW5lbHMtYWZnaGFucy12ZXJzLWthYm91bCIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5M4oCZQWxsZW1hZ25lIGV4cHVsc2UgMjAgY3JpbWluZWxzIGFmZ2hhbnMgdmVycyBLYWJvdWwmbmJzcDs8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;,27 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment la &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY29uc2lsaXVtLmV1cm9wYS5ldS9mci9wb2xpY2llcy9hZmdoYW5pc3Rhbi1ldS1yZXNwb25zZS8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+ZmljaGUgZGUgbOKAmUFmZ2hhbmlzdGFuPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; du Conseil de l'Union europ&#233;enne&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press Review March 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3572.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3572.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-04-08T15:12:53Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Libya</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>German</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Belgium</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Croatia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Bosnia and Herzegovina</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Spain</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Portugal</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Nigeria</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Criminalisation of solidarities</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Detention</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Forced returns</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Monitoring and control </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Libya InfoMigrants, &#8216;Mediterranean: 2,500 migrants intercepted at sea and forcibly returned to Libya since the start of 2026', 12 March 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Since the beginning of 2026, more than 2,500 migrants have been intercepted in the Mediterranean by the Libyan coastguard and forcibly returned to Libya. These interceptions are carried out on the basis of an agreement concluded in 2017 between Italy and Libya, which provides for logistical and financial support from Italy and the European Union to (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot39.html" rel="tag"&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;, 
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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot16.html" rel="tag"&gt;German&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot22.html" rel="tag"&gt;Belgium&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot180.html" rel="tag"&gt;Croatia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot31.html" rel="tag"&gt;Bosnia and Herzegovina&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot19.html" rel="tag"&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot27.html" rel="tag"&gt;Portugal&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot55.html" rel="tag"&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot229.html" rel="tag"&gt;Nigeria&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot172.html" rel="tag"&gt;Criminalisation of solidarities&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Detention&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Forced returns&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Monitoring and control &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/visuel_rp_1_-2-df049.png?1775661276' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libya&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisia&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Germany&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Belgium&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Belgium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Croatia/Bosnia and Herzegovina&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Croatia/Bosnia and Herzegovina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Spain&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Portugal&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Portugal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sweden&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Sweden&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom/Nigeria&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;United Kingdom/Nigeria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Adoption of the Return Regulation&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;Adoption of the Return Regulat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;EU/Nigeria agreement&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_11'&gt;EU/Nigeria agreement&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Frontex&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_12'&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Libya&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcwMzMwL21lZGl0ZXJyYW5lZS0tMi01MDAtbWlncmFudHMtaW50ZXJjZXB0ZXMtZW4tbWVyLWV0LXJhbWVuZXMtZGUtZm9yY2UtZW4tbGlieWUtZGVwdWlzLWxlLWRlYnV0LWRlLWxhbm5lZS0yMDI2IiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnvigJhNZWRpdGVycmFuZWFuOiAyLDUwMCBtaWdyYW50cyBpbnRlcmNlcHRlZCBhdCBzZWEgYW5kIGZvcmNpYmx5IHJldHVybmVkIHRvIExpYnlhIHNpbmNlIHRoZSBzdGFydCBvZn08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; 2026', 12 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since the beginning of 2026, more than 2,500 migrants have been intercepted in the Mediterranean by the Libyan coastguard and forcibly returned to Libya. These interceptions are carried out on the basis of an agreement concluded in 2017 between Italy and Libya, which provides for logistical and financial support from Italy and the European Union to the Libyan authorities in order to prevent departures to Europe. An informal agreement that has effectively established a mechanism of systematic &#8216;pullbacks'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;These operations aim to &#8220;physically prevent migrants from leaving the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; : interceptions at sea, coordinated by the European agency Frontex, followed by the forced return of people to the Libyan coast by local authorities, who are formally responsible for the search and rescue (SAR) zone. Migrants are then detained in Libyan camps. It is against this backdrop that the European Commission's recent decision to fund the construction of a Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (MRCC) in Benghazi&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject InfoMigrants, sea&#8221;, 27 January 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh5-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; has been taken. The project, promoted by the Italian government, extends the &#8216;pullback' mechanism to eastern Libya, complementing the centre already operational in Tripoli. Furthermore, the management of the new centre could be linked to the Tareq Ben Zayed militia, which controls the territory and is suspected of being involved in the attack on the humanitarian vessel Ocean Viking in August 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Migreurop, 2026&#8221;, 4 March 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh5-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Over the years, the cooperation between the European Union and Libya has facilitated the refoulement, arbitrary detention and torture of thousands of people&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the press release from Mediterranea, &#8221;, 9 January 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh5-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. A confidential European Union report from 2022&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular AP, training&#8221;, 25 January 2022, and the report by the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; also notes &#8220;excessive use of force, disproportionate acts and armed violence&#8221; during interceptions at sea by the Libyan authorities. Furthermore, the conditions of detention for migrants in Libya have been the subject of numerous alerts due to serious human rights violations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, for example, the latest report by the OHCHR and UNSMIL, Libya&#8221;, 17 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Libya offers no guarantee of protection in line with international standards on protection and asylum. Despite this, European and Italian funding, aimed at outsourcing the management of migration to this unsafe country, continues to pour in.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC N&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ews &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Africa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmJjLmNvbS9hZnJpcXVlL2FydGljbGVzL2N6ZXhnMW5rbGt3byIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj574oCYUHJvbWluZW50IGFudGktcmFjaXNtIGFjdGl2aXN0IGluIFR1bmlzaWEgc2VudGVuY2VkIHRvIGVpZ2h0IHllYXJzIGluIHByaXNvbuKAmX08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 21 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Tunis Court of First Instance has sentenced anti-racism activist Saadia Mosbah to eight years in prison and a heavy fine for &#8220;money laundering&#8221; and &#8220;illicit enrichment&#8221;. This verdict comes against a backdrop of increasing criminalisation of migrant rights defenders in Tunisia. In recent years, Mosbah, president of the Mn&#232;mty association, has been at the forefront of defending the rights of migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, against President Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed's racist rhetoric and policies. For the past two years, Mn&#232;mty and many other organisations supporting migrants have been targeted by a wave of repression: government-orchestrated smear campaigns on social media, and the arrest and prosecution of activists. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The criminalisation of Tunisian civil society continues with the tacit consent of the European Union, which has granted over &#8364;100 million in funding to Tunisia under a migration deal concluded in 2023, aimed at preventing migrants from crossing the Mediterranean. Mosbah and the convicted activists are now paying the price for this arrangement&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the joint statement &#8220; Mosbah&#8221;, 10 March 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh5-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; : by supporting Sa&#239;ed's migration policy with the aim of deterring departures, the EU bears responsibility for the arbitrary arrests of human rights defenders in Tunisia and for the violations of their fundamental rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Germany&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Info&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Migrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcwNjM4L2FsbGVtYWduZS0tYXByZXMtbGEtdmlzaXRlLWRhbGNoYXJhYS1tZXJ6LWVzcGVyZS11bi1yZXRvdXItbWFzc2lmLWRlcy1yZWZ1Z2llcy1zeXJpZW5zIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnvigJhHZXJtYW55OiBmb2xsb3dpbmcgYWwtQ2hhcmFh4oCZcyB2aXNpdCwgTWVyeiBob3BlcyBmb3IgYSBtYXNzIHJldHVybiBvZiBTeXJpYW4gcmVmdWdlZXMmIzgyMTc7fTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 31 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;During a visit by Syrian President Ahmed al-Charaa to Berlin on Monday 30 March, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz stated his intention to deport, in the medium term, 80% of Syrian refugees currently in Germany. According to him, there would no longer be any reason for these people to remain on German soil following the fall of the Assad regime.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The idea of deporting such a large number of people reveals a xenophobic and racist approach, aimed at getting rid of those considered &#8216;undesirable' on German soil as quickly as possible and at any cost&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;As demonstrated by recent agreements with the Taliban in (2025) and with (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Furthermore, Syria remains a deeply unstable country, marked by the destruction of essential infrastructure. In October 2025, the German Foreign Minister stated during a visit to the country that it was &#8220;practically impossible for people to live there with dignity in the short term&#8221;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Migreurop, , 5 January 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh5-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Serious human rights violations also continue to be documented in the country. On 12 March, the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic presented its latest report to the United Nations Human Rights Council, revealing that the political transition remains undermined by human rights violations such as extrajudicial executions, acts of torture and ill-treatment, as well as enforced disappearances&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;United Nations Human Rights Council, Republic', 12 March 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh5-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Under these circumstances, the safety of the deported nationals cannot be guaranteed, and Germany risks becoming complicit in such human rights violations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Belgium&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Politi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;co&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucG9saXRpY28uZXUvYXJ0aWNsZS9iZWxnaXVtLW1pZ3JhdGlvbi1hc3lsdW0tc2Vla2VyLWNvdXJ0LXN1c3BlbnNpb24tYW5uZWxlZW4tdmFuLWJvc3N1eXQvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnvigJhCZWxnaXVtIHRvIHByZXNzIGFoZWFkIHdpdGggcmVzdHJpY3Rpb24gb24gYXN5bHVtLXNlZWtlcnMgZGVzcGl0ZSBjb3VydCBkZWNpc2lvbuKAmX08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 4 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Belgian Constitutional Court has temporarily suspended a measure aimed at restricting access to material reception conditions for migrants who have already been granted protection in another EU Member State. The Court emphasised that this provision could cause &#8220;serious and difficult-to-repair harm&#8221; by exposing people to precarious circumstances&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Constitutional Court, , 26 February 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh5-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Despite this suspension, the Belgian government has stated its intention to continue applying this measure in order to &#8220;avoid overburdeningthe reception system&#8221;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since 2021, the Belgian authorities have refused to adapt this system to the increase in asylum applications, exposing many migrants to undignified living conditions, without access to healthcare or appropriate accommodation. More than 12,000 rulings by national and international courts have ordered Belgium to provide dignified reception. Yet these rulings have been systematically ignored and circumvented, particularly since the new government came to power in 2023, adopting a more restrictive migration policy&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Amnesty International seekers&#8221;, 3 April 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh5-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. This disregard for Belgian court rulings is part of a broader context of challenges to national, European and international law on migration: it comes as no surprise that the country features on the list of states that signed an open letter in 2025 calling for a more flexible interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights, in particular Article 3 (prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment) and Article 8 (protection of private and family life)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the signed by the Heads of State of Italy, Denmark, Austria, Belgium, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Belgium has thus chosen to protect its borders from an imagined migration threat, in defiance of human rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Croatia/Bosnia and Herzegovina&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;In&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;foM&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;igrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9lbi9wb3N0LzcwMjMxL21pZ3JhdGlvbi1tYW5hZ2VtZW50LW1lYXN1cmVzLXJlaW5mb3JjZWQtaW4tYm9zbmlhLWhlcnplZ292aW5hLWFuZC1jcm9hdGlhIHJlc2lkZW50c+KAmSIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj574oCYT24gdGhlIGJvcmRlciBiZXR3ZWVuIENyb2F0aWEgYW5kIEJvc25pYSwgdGhlIGNvbnN0cnVjdGlvbiBvZiBhIHJlY2VwdGlvbiBjZW50cmUgZGl2aWRlc308L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 13 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Croatia recently announced the construction of a new &#8220;reception centre&#8221; for migrants on its border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the same time, the European agency Frontex plans to increase the presence of its officers in Bosnia, which the EU considers a major &#8220;geopolitical investment&#8221; in the management of migration flows. The stated aim is to achieve a &#8220;high level&#8221; of cooperation with the Bosni an border police in the &#8220;fight against illegal immigration and the prevention of cross-border crime&#8221;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Bosnia and Herzegovina is a candidate for accession to the European Union and constitutes a stop on the Balkan migration route: a key location for the consolidation of &#8216;Fortress Europe'. Its border with Croatia is notoriously marked by impunity for human rights violations committed by Croatian and Bosnian authorities&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard the report by the Border Violence Monitoring Network, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The pushbacks of migrants attempting to reach European soil are rife, and asylum seekers who manage to reach Croatia are placed in asylum seeker centres (currently two in the country) under appalling conditions. Access to healthcare is limited, hygiene conditions are poor, and cases of arbitrary rejection of certain applications for protection have been documented&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the Asylum Information Database (AIDA) and the European (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Reports have also highlighted that the Croatian authorities have been implicated in the arbitrary detention and torture of people in so-called &#8216;irregular' situations in ad hoc facilities&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Global Detention Project's , n.d.&#034; id=&#034;nh5-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The construction of a centre on the border risks leading to an increase in such situations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In this context, the increased presence of Frontex (which operates in Bosnia under a status agreementsigned in 2025 between the EU and Sarajevo&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, 27 January 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh5-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ) risks contributing to the human rights violations described above. All the more so given that, under this agreement (Article 12), the agency enjoys immunity for all acts carried out as part of a joint operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, before any criminal, civil or administrative court in the country&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Migreurop, , 7 July 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh5-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spain&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;La &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Vanguardia&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGF2YW5ndWFyZGlhLmNvbS92aWRhLzIwMjYwMzEwLzExNDg2MDAwL2dvYmllcm5vLWdhcmFudGl6YS1zYW5pZGFkLXB1YmxpY2EtcGVyc29uYXMtaW5taWdyYW50ZXMtc2l0dWFjaW9uLWlycmVndWxhci5odG1sIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnvigJhVbmRvY3VtZW50ZWQgbWlncmFudHMgd2lsbCBiZSBhYmxlIHRvIGFjY2VzcyBoZWFsdGhjYXJlIGJ5IG1ha2luZyBhIHN3b3JuIHN0YXRlbWVudH08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 10 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since 10 March 2026, the Spanish healthcare system has been open to people without the necessary documents to reside in the country. This measure removes administrative barriers that previously prevented many people from accessing medical care. Under the new rules, anyone able to prove their residence in Spain can apply for healthcare coverage at their local health centre and immediately benefit from temporary cover whilst their application is being processed. As the Spanish Minister of Health emphasised, this measure &#8220;aims to ensure fairness and prevent inequalities&#8221;, whilst enabling &#8220;better monitoring of illnesses in primary care and a more efficient use of public resources&#8221;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This decision follows an &#8216;extraordinary' regularisation measure for migrants (2026) and the Spanish government's explicit refusal to support the European &lt;i&gt;&#8216;&lt;/i&gt;returnhubs' project (countries outside Europe to which people without the right to stay in Europe would be deported), established by the Return Regulation, the negotiating mandate for which was confirmed on 26 March by the European Parliament. It should nevertheless be noted that Spain continues to outsource the management of migration, particularly to Morocco and Mauritania, which makes it complicit in the human rights violations committed against people on the move in these countries&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject: Human Rights Watch, controls&#8221;, 27 August 2025; ASGI (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Portugal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Po&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;rtug&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;al &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Post, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly90aGVwb3J0dWdhbHBvc3QuY29tL3Bvc3RzL3BvcnR1Z2FsLXRpZ2h0ZW5zLWltbWlncmF0aW9uLWxhd3MtZGV0ZW50aW9uLWV4dGVuZGVkLXRvLTE4LW1vbnRocy1hbmQtZGVwb3J0YXRpb24tcnVsZXMtdHJhbnNmb3JtZWQiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e+KAmFBvcnR1Z2FsIFRpZ2h0ZW5zIEltbWlncmF0aW9uIExhd3M6IERldGVudGlvbiBFeHRlbmRlZCB0byAxOCBNb250aHMgYW5kIERlcG9ydGF0aW9uIFJ1bGVzIFRyYW5zZm9ybWVkfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 19 March 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Portuguese government has approved a bill marking a further step in the repressive shift in its policy towards migrants. The maximum period of administrative detention for people without the right to stay has been extended (from 60 to 540 days) and those who apply for protection after entering the country outside authorised border posts will be subject to stricter coercive measures, including detention, while their case is being examined. The text also introduces an entry ban in the event of forced expulsion for up to five years, a period which may be extended in the event of a criminal conviction or a threat to national security. Furthermore, lodging an application for protection will no longer suspend the deportation procedure, and finally, any person without the right to reside is subject to an &#8216;obligation to leave voluntarily' (!) : those concerned must leave the country without waiting for formal notification, on pain of forced deportation and therefore a ban on entry. This reform removes the interim period between formal notification and the actual loss of the right to reside, a period which until now allowed individuals to regularise their administrative status or consult a lawyer. It should be noted that, according to the text, these forced removal measures will not apply to minors under the age of 16. The draft bill is currently under parliamentary scrutiny.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Several organisations defending the rights of migrants have condemned this as a political manoeuvre by the centre-right coalition aimed at appealing to a more conservative electorate in the run-up to future elections. This strategy is part of a broader trend observed in other European states where migrants are being exploited for electoral purposes, with a populist agenda.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With the adoption of a new European regulation on the return of persons without the right to reside in the EU, which is directly applicable in Member States, measures against migrants awaiting deportation are set to become even harsher.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sweden&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mon&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;de&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGVtb25kZS5mci9pbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsL2FydGljbGUvMjAyNi8wMy8yNC9sYS1zdWVkZS1wcmVzZW50ZS11bi1wcm9qZXQtZGUtbG9pLXF1aS1wcmV2b2l0LWQtZXhwdWxzZXItbGVzLW1pZ3JhbnRzLXF1aS1uZS1tZW5lbnQtcGFzLXVuZS12aWUtaG9ubmV0ZV82Njc0MDcyXzMyMTAuaHRtbCIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj574oCYU3dlZGVuIHByZXNlbnRzIGEgYmlsbCB0byBkZXBvcnQgbWlncmFudHMgd2hvIGRvIG5vdCBsZWFkIGFuIOKAmGhvbmVzdCBsaWZlJiM4MjE3O308L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 24 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucmZpLmZyL2ZyL2V1cm9wZS8yMDI2MDMyNS1zdSVDMyVBOGRlLWxlLWdvdXZlcm5lbWVudC1wb3Vyc3VpdC11bi1wcm9qZXQtZGUtbG9pLXZpc2FudC0lQzMlQTAtZCVDMyVBOW5vbmNlci1sZXMtbWlncmFudHMtc2Fucy10aXRyZS1kZS1zJUMzJUE5am91ciIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj574oCYU3dlZGVuOiBnb3Zlcm5tZW50IHB1c2hlcyBhaGVhZCB3aXRoIGJpbGwgdG8gcmVwb3J0IG1pZ3JhbnRzIHdpdGhvdXQgcmVzaWRlbmNlfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; permits'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 25 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At the end of March, the Swedish government presented two bills aimed at stepping up the deportation of migrants. The first provides for the deportation of migrants who do not lead an &#8216;honest life'. The second would oblige six public administrations (the employment agency, social security, the prison service, the debt collection agency, the pensions authority and the tax authority) to report to the police those suspected of so-called &#8220;irregular&#8221; residence. It also introduces new grounds for revoking residence permits when a person is considered a &#8216;threat' to public order or national security, or when they have provided inaccurate information in their application.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The first measure causes serious concern due to its vague and discretionary nature. What criteria would be used to define an &#8216;honest life'? What methods would be employed to assess an individual's alleged moral character? This measure, which relies on deeply subjective assessments, would pave the way for the establishment of two parallel normative systems. Statements that are not criminally punishable could thus lead to the deportation of migrants, whereas they would have no legal consequences for Swedish citizens. Furthermore, there is a risk of creating a chilling effect on freedom of expression and of reinforcing self-censorship among migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The second bill is part of a broader, Europe-wide drive to strengthen widespread surveillance of private and public spaces in order to &#8216;flush out' those without the right to reside. It would accentuate the role of government agencies as tools of control, threatening the right to privacy due to the potential sharing of sensitive data, encouraging racial profiling and discrimination based on appearance, and creating ethical dilemmas for public sector professionals&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;The same concerns have been raised regarding the &#8216;Return' Regulation, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gu&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ardian&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlZ3VhcmRpYW4uY29tL3VrLW5ld3MvMjAyNi9tYXIvMDUvd2hhdC1hcmUtc2hhYmFuYS1tYWhtb29kcy1jaGFuZ2VzLXRvLXRoZS1hc3lsdW0tc3lzdGVtIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnvigJhXaGF0IGFyZSBTaGFiYW5hIE1haG1vb2TigJlzIGNoYW5nZXMgdG8gdGhlIGFzeWx1bSBzeXN0ZW0/fTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 5 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 5 March, the British Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood announced the implementation of new measures on migration and asylum. Refugee status is now reduced from five years to 30 months (renewable). At the end of this period, if the third country is considered safe, its nationals may be deported there. Furthermore, the period required to obtain permanent resident status has been extended from 10 to 20 years, the obligation to provide public financial support to asylum seekers has been suspended, and up to &#163;40,000 will be offered to families whose asylum applications have been rejected to return voluntarily to their country: if they refuse, the authorities will be able to use force, including against minors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The latest in a long line of tightening measures in UK immigration policy, this new set of repressive measures strays from the spirit, if not the letter, of the human rights conventions to which the United Kingdom is a State part. Firstly, migrant people will be kept in a state of constant uncertainty, preventing them from rebuilding their lives and exposing them to a constant threat of deportation&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, on this subject, The Guardian, uncertainty', 8 March 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh5-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Furthermore, the possibility of forcibly returning families whose asylum applications have been or will be rejected risks violating the right to respect for private and family life, protected by Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, as well as the principle of the best interests of the child, enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child and recognised by all European human rights instruments. Finally, the forced return of nationals from countries considered safe could constitute a form of discrimination based on nationality.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Several British civil society organisations have condemned these developments in a joint statement. They are calling on the government to suspend the reduction in the duration of refugee status, describing the UK policy as &#8216;performative cruelty', a source of instability, injustice and inefficiency&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Scottish Refugee Council, migration&#8221;, 5 March 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh5-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom/Nigeria&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmJjLmNvbS9uZXdzL2FydGljbGVzL2NybTF3MjRwOHA3byIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57VUsgYWdyZWVzIGRlYWwgdG8gZWFzZSBtaWdyYW50IHJldHVybnMgdG8gTmlnZXJpYX08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#8221;, 19 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 19 March, the UK and Nigeria reached an agreement aimed at speeding up the deportation of Nigerian nationals who do not have the right to remain, have been convicted by the courts, or whose asylum applications have been rejected. From now on, the British authorities will no longer have to wait for Nigeria to issue consular laissez-passer to proceed with a deportation: the Nigerian authorities will accept identification documents issued by the United Kingdom (the &lt;i&gt;&#8216;UK &lt;/i&gt;letters'). The agreement also provides for enhanced cooperation in the fight against &#8220;smuggling networks&#8221;. In this regard, Nigeria has committed to reviewing its national legislation to ensure harsher penalties for &#8220;migration-related offences&#8221;, which risks leading to increased criminalisation of migrants, as well as solidarity organisations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The use of informal documents such as &lt;i&gt;UK letters &lt;/i&gt;could lead to arbitrary deportations, due to unilateral identification (identity and nationality) of the person forcibly returned by the UK. This measure could also infringe upon the right to private and family life of Nigerians residing in the UK.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This agreement marks a new stage in the &#8216;return diplomacy'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Migreurop, , 15 November 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh5-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; pursued by the UK since Keir Starmer's government came to power. As early as September 2025, Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood had implemented a strategy to suspend the issuance of visas for nationals of certain African countries (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Angola) as a means of pressure to secure more &#8216;effective' cooperation from these countries in the readmission of deported individuals&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See InfoMigrants, deals&#8221;, 30 December 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh5-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Adoption of the Return Regulation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lib&#233;ration&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGliZXJhdGlvbi5mci9pbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsL2V1cm9wZS9sZS1wYXJsZW1lbnQtZXVyb3BlZW4tZW4tcGFzc2UtZGFwcHJvdXZlci1kZXMtaHVicy1kZS1yZXRvdXItcG91ci1taWdyYW50cy0yMDI2MDMyNl8yT1JHRUNNNUdWRURIS0JRNEhYTEc3RlZGTS8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e+KAnEV1cm9wZWFuIFBhcmxpYW1lbnQgYXBwcm92ZXMgY3JlYXRpb24gb2Yg4oCYcmV0dXJuIGh1YnPigJkgZm9yIG1pZ3JhbnRzIG91dHNpZGUgdGhlIEVV4oCdfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 26 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 26 March 2026, the European Parliament confirmed in plenary the negotiating mandate adopted by the LIBE Committee for a new common system regarding the expulsion of third-country nationals without the right to reside in the Union (known as the &#8216;Return Regulation'), resulting from an alliance between the right and the far right. Among the measures envisaged: systematic detention for all migrants (extension of the grounds for detention, maximum detention period increased to 24 months and cumulative across Member States, possibility of detention in prisons); deportations to third countries (&lt;i&gt;return hubs&lt;/i&gt;), without effective oversight by European institutions and without a suspension clause in the event of rights violations; an acceleration of forced returns through the mutual recognition of deportation measures between Member States, potentially without individual review, and which may be enforced prior to any final decision; in certain cases, permanent entry bans into EU territory are envisaged.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The umpteenth milestone in the war on migrants that began 30 years ago, this regulation consolidates the long-standing erosion of rights, crossing new red lines. It risks leading, in very concrete terms, to dangerous returns, violations of the right to an effective remedy and the principle of non-refoulement, and exposing people on the move to inhuman and degrading treatment&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the Migreurop press release,&#8221;, 26 March 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh5-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The speed of this vote is also worrying, as the proposed text was adopted by the European Parliament barely a year after the Commission's proposal. This reveals that the far-right agenda is now taking hold at the highest levels of the European institutions: in the wake of the European Pact, the Return Regulation enshrines a reshaping of EU law to adapt it to a racist, anti-migration and anti-democratic ideology&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid.&#034; id=&#034;nh5-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_11&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EU/Nigeria agreement&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euobserv&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;er&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ldW9ic2VydmVyLmNvbS8yMDgxMDEvZXUtb2ZmZXJzLWNhc2gtYW5kLWRlZmVuY2UtZGVhbC1hcy1pdC1pbmtzLW1pZ3JhbnQtcmV0dXJucy1wYWN0LXdpdGgtbmlnZXJpYS8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgaHJlZmxhbmc9ImVuIiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57RVUgb2ZmZXJzIGNhc2ggYW5kIGRlZmVuY2UgZGVhbCBhcyBpdCBsaW5rcyBtaWdyYW50IHJldHVybnMgcGFjdCB3aXRoIE5pZ2VyaWF9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 23 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nigeria and the European Union have concluded an agreement for the return of Nigerian nationals without the right to reside in the EU, in exchange for &#8364;288 million in funding for digitalisation, the modernisation of the health sector and agricultural value chains in Nigeria.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The agreement illustrates the European trend of linking cooperation on deportations to promises of economic and diplomatic benefits (the &#8216;cash-for-migrants' approach), to the detriment of the fundamental rights of displaced persons. Nigeria is indeed facing growing insecurity, high inflation, violence by local armed groups, allegations of torture and deep-seated exclusion of young people, exacerbated by a decline in civil and political freedoms. In this context, the deportation of Nigerian nationals from the EU could expose some individuals to inhuman and degrading treatment and social exclusion, due to limited prospects for reintegration. Furthermore, similar informal agreements in the Sahel region have coincided with harsh anti-migration laws, the criminalisation of civil society, and the militarisation of borders, contributing to the normalisation of repression under the guise of ensuring &#8216;stability' and &#8216;order'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;In particular the 2022&#034; id=&#034;nh5-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; at the national level.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_12&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Frontex&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Le Monde,&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGVtb25kZS5mci9zb2NpZXRlL2FydGljbGUvMjAyNi8wMy8yNC9mYWJyaWNlLWxlZ2dlcmktZXgtZGlyZWN0ZXVyLWRlLWZyb250ZXgtZXQtZXVyb2RlcHV0ZS1ybi12aXNlLXBhci11bmUtZW5xdWV0ZS1wb3VyLWNvbXBsaWNpdGUtZGUtY3JpbWVzLWNvbnRyZS1sLWh1bWFuaXRlXzY2NzQwMjhfMzIyNC5odG1sIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAnEZhYnJpY2UgTGVnZ2VyaSwgZm9ybWVyIGRpcmVjdG9yIG9mIEZyb250ZXggYW5kIFJOIE1FUCwgdW5kZXIgaW52ZXN0aWdhdGlvbiBmb3IgY29tcGxpY2l0eSBpbiBjcmltZXMgYWdhaW5zdCBodW1hbml0eSYjODIxNzs8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#8221;, 24 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Following a complaint lodged by NGOs (the Human Rights League and Utopia 56) in April 2024, anU e investigation was opened in France against Fabrice Leggeri, former director of Frontex (2015&#8211;2022) and far-right MEP (Patriots for Europe group). He is accused of complicity in crimes against humanity and the crime of torture, in connection with acts of , pushbacks and failure to assist refugees at sea, linked to the deterrence practices implemented by Member States and their enforcement arm, Frontex.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Whilst the opening of an investigation into Leggeri, who sits in the European Parliament as an MEP for the National Rally, represents an important symbolic step, it should be noted that Frontex's mandate and activities have, since the agency's creation, been fundamentally incompatible with respect for fundamental rights. The rights violations committed with impunity and with the complicity of Frontex &#8211; denounced by NGOs since 2004 &#8211; took place before Leggeri's appointment and continued after his resignation in 2022.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Frontex is the instrument of a repressive policy of mobility restriction that has proven to be incompatible with respect for rights. Within the framework of the agency's mandate, numerous illegal operations have been carried out and extensively documented: collective expulsions, obstruction of the right to asylum, mass pushbacks on the high seas, failure to assist persons in danger, and collaboration with Libyan militias to intercept boats before they reach European territorial waters.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since its creation in 2004, its mandate, powers and resources have been continually strengthened, and its budget has multiplied in recent years (rising from &#8364;6 million in 2005 to over &#8364;1 billion in 2026). In June 2026, the European Commission will present to Parliament a fifth revision of the agency's mandate, aimed at further expanding its activities and resources (increased use of surveillance technologies, third-country removals, and an increase in staff from 10,000 to 30,000).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Whilst Frontex had hitherto enjoyed structural impunity, in December 2025 the Court of Justice of the EU ruled that EU law imposed obligations on Frontex regarding the protection of fundamental rights&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Migreurop, , 5 January 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh5-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . It was about time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;These operations aim to &#8220;physically prevent migrants from leaving the territory of their country of origin or a transit country, or to forcibly return them to that territory, before they can reach the jurisdiction of their country of destination. This means that, unlike &#8216;pushbacks', which are carried out when a person actually crosses the border, &#8216;pullbacks' take place before that.&#8221; &#8221;, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, May 2021.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See on this subject InfoMigrants, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzY5NDY5L21lZGl0ZXJyYW5lZS0tbHVlLXZhLWZpbmFuY2VyLWxvdXZlcnR1cmUtZHVuLWNlbnRyZS1kZS1zYXV2ZXRhZ2UtZGFucy1sZXN0LWxpYnllbi1wb3VyLWludGVyY2VwdGVyLWxlcy1taWdyYW50cy1lbi1tZXIiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+4oCcTWVkaXRlcnJhbmVhbjogRVUgdG8gZnVuZCBvcGVuaW5nIG9mIHJlc2N1ZSBjZW50cmUgaW4gZWFzdGVybiBMaWJ5YSB0byBpbnRlcmNlcHQgbWlncmFudHMgYXQ8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; sea&#8221;, 27 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Migreurop, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTQ4Lmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyIj7igJxFdXJvcGVhbiBVbmlvbiBOZXdzIOKAkyBEZWNlbWJlciAyMDI1L0ZlYnJ1YXJ5PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 2026&#8221;, 4 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in particular the press release from Mediterranea, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpdGVycmFuZWFyZXNjdWUub3JnL2l0L25ld3MvYW5jb3JhLW1pbGlvbmktZGktZXVyby1wZXItbGEtY29sbGFib3JhemlvbmUtY29uLWNyaW1pbmFsaS1kaS1ndWVycmEtaW4tbGliaWEiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+4oCcTW9yZSBtaWxsaW9ucyBvZiBldXJvcyBmb3IgY29sbGFib3JhdGlvbiB3aXRoIHdhciBjcmltaW5hbHMgaW4gTGlieWE8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#8221;, 9 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in particular AP, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9hcG5ld3MuY29tL2FydGljbGUvY29yb25hdmlydXMtcGFuZGVtaWMtYnVzaW5lc3MtaGVhbHRoLWxpYnlhLW1pZ3JhdGlvbi1hMzBkZDM0MjUxM2FlZWVkZTVhNzU1OGRlNGMzMDg5ZCIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj7igJxNaWdyYW50IGFidXNlcyBjb250aW51ZSBpbiBMaWJ5YS4gU28gZG9lcyBFVSBib3JkZXI8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; training&#8221;, 25 January 2022, and the report by the Council of the European Union &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZG9jdW1lbnRjbG91ZC5vcmcvZG9jdW1lbnRzLzIxMTg1OTA3LWxpYnlhbi1jb2FzdC1ndWFyZC1hbmQtbmF2eS1tb25pdG9yaW5nLWZvdXItbW9udGhzLXJlcG9ydC1hdWd1c3Qtbm92ZW1iZXItMjAyMS8lMjBkdSUyMENvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAnEZvdXIgbW9udGhseSBMaWJ5YW4gY29hc3QgZ3VhcmQgYW5kIG5hdnkgbW9uaXRvcmluZzwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; report&#8221;, August&#8211;November 2021&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See, for example, the latest report by the OHCHR and UNSMIL, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cub2hjaHIub3JnL2VuL2RvY3VtZW50cy9yZXBvcnRzL2J1c2luZXNzLXVzdWFsLWh1bWFuLXJpZ2h0cy12aW9sYXRpb25zLWFuZC1hYnVzZXMtYWdhaW5zdC1taWdyYW50cy1hc3lsdW0tc2Vla2VycyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj7igJxCdXNpbmVzcyBhcyBVc3VhbDogSHVtYW4gUmlnaHRzIFZpb2xhdGlvbnMgYW5kIEFidXNlcyBhZ2FpbnN0IE1pZ3JhbnRzLCBBc3lsdW0tU2Vla2VycywgYW5kIFJlZnVnZWVzIGluPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Libya&#8221;, 17 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in particular the joint statement &#8220;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly90dW5pc2lhbnNvbGlkYXJpdHkub3JnL2FyLyVEOCVBNyVEOSU4NCVEOCVCOSVEOCVCMSVEOCVBOCVEOSU4QSVEOCVBOS0lRDklODUlRDklODYtJUQ4JUEzJUQ4JUFDJUQ5JTg0LSVEOCVBNyVEOSU4NCVEOCVBNSVEOSU4MSVEOCVCMSVEOCVBNyVEOCVBQy0lRDglQjklRDklODYtJUQ4JUE3JUQ5JTg0JUQ4JUIzJUQ5JThBJUQ4JUFGJUQ4JUE5LSVEOCVCMyVEOCVCOSVEOCVBRiVEOSU4QSVEOCVBOS8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+Rm9yIHRoZSByZWxlYXNlIG9mIGFjdGl2aXN0IFNhYWRpYTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Mosbah&#8221;, 10 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;As demonstrated by recent agreements with the Taliban in &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcwMDkxL2xhbGxlbWFnbmUtZXhwdWxzZS0yMC1jcmltaW5lbHMtYWZnaGFucy12ZXJzLWthYm91bCIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5BZmdoYW5pc3RhbjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (2025) and with &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly90dXJraXNobWludXRlLmNvbS8yMDI0LzA5LzI4L2dlcm1hbnktdHVya2V5LW9kZC1vdmVyLW1pZ3JhbnQtZGVwb3J0YXRpb24tZGVhbC8/dXRtX3NvdXJjZT1jaGF0Z3B0LmNvbSIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5UdXJrZXk8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (2024), aimed at speeding up the deportation of their nationals, Afghans and Turks make up a large proportion of the migrant populations living in Germany.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Migreurop, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTE2Lmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyI291dGlsX3NvbW1haXJlXzIiPlByZXNzIFJldmlldyBEZWNlbWJlciAyMDI1PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 5 January 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;United Nations Human Rights Council, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cub2hjaHIub3JnL3NpdGVzL2RlZmF1bHQvZmlsZXMvZG9jdW1lbnRzL2hyYm9kaWVzL2hyY291bmNpbC9zZXNzaW9ucy1yZWd1bGFyL3Nlc3Npb242MS9hZHZhbmNlLXZlcnNpb24vYS1ocmMtNjEtNjItYXV2LnBkZiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj7igJhSZXBvcnQgb2YgdGhlIEluZGVwZW5kZW50IEludGVybmF0aW9uYWwgQ29tbWlzc2lvbiBvZiBJbnF1aXJ5IG9uIHRoZSBTeXJpYW4gQXJhYjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Republic', 12 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Constitutional Court, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9mci5jb25zdC1jb3VydC5iZS9wdWJsaWMvZi8yMDI2LzIwMjYtMDIzZi5wZGYiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+SnVkZ21lbnQgTm8uIDIzLzIwMjY8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 26 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt; See on this subject Amnesty International &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1uZXN0eS5vcmcvZnIvbGF0ZXN0L25ld3MvMjAyNS8wNC9iZWxnaXVtLXBlcnNpc3RlbnQtZmFpbHVyZS10by1wcm92aWRlLXJlY2VwdGlvbi12aW9sYXRlcy1yaWdodHMtYW5kLWRpZ25pdHktb2YtcGVvcGxlLXNlZWtpbmctYXN5bHVtLyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj7igJxCZWxnaXVtLiBQZXJzaXN0ZW50IHNob3J0Y29taW5ncyBpbiByZWNlcHRpb24gdmlvbGF0ZSB0aGUgcmlnaHRzIGFuZCBkaWduaXR5IG9mIGFzeWx1bTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; seekers&#8221;, 3 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See the &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ292ZXJuby5pdC9zaXRlcy9nb3Zlcm5vLml0L2ZpbGVzL0xldHRlcmFfYXBlcnRhXzIyMDUyMDI1LnBkZiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5vcGVuIGxldHRlcjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; signed by the Heads of State of Italy, Denmark, Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland, 22 May 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in this regard the report by the Border Violence Monitoring Network, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ib3JkZXJ2aW9sZW5jZS5ldS9ibG9nL2Nsb3RoZXMtaW4tcml2ZXJzLWJhY2twYWNrcy1vbi1maXJlLXRoZS12aXNpYmlsaXR5LW9mLWJvcmRlci1jcm9zc2luZ3MtYW5kLWlsbGVnYWwtcHVzaGJhY2tzLWF0LXRoZS1jcm9hdGlhbi1ib3NuaWFuLWJvcmRlciIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj7igJxDbG90aGVzIGluIHRoZSByaXZlciwgYmFja3BhY2tzIG9uIGZpcmU6IFRoZSAoaW4pdmlzaWJpbGl0eSBvZiBwdXNoYmFja3MgYXQgdGhlIENyb2F0aWFuLUJvc25pYW48L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; border&#8221;, 11 June 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in particular the Asylum Information Database (AIDA) and the European Council on Refugees and Migrants (ECRE), &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9hc3lsdW1pbmV1cm9wZS5vcmcvcmVwb3J0cy9jb3VudHJ5L2Nyb2F0aWEvcmVjZXB0aW9uLWNvbmRpdGlvbnMvaG91c2luZy9jb25kaXRpb25zLXJlY2VwdGlvbi1mYWNpbGl0aWVzLyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj7igJxDb25kaXRpb25zIGluIHJlY2VwdGlvbiBmYWNpbGl0aWVzOjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Croatia&#8221;, last updated 20 January&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ2xvYmFsZGV0ZW50aW9ucHJvamVjdC5vcmcvY291bnRyaWVzL2V1cm9wZS9jcm9hdGlhIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnRoZTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Global Detention Project's &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ2xvYmFsZGV0ZW50aW9ucHJvamVjdC5vcmcvY291bnRyaWVzL2V1cm9wZS9jcm9hdGlhIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPm92ZXJ2aWV3IG9mIENyb2F0aWE8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, n.d.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ldXItbGV4LmV1cm9wYS5ldS9lbGkvZGVjLzIwMjUvMTM0OC9vai9mcmEiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+Q291bmNpbCBEZWNpc2lvbiAoRVUpIDIwMjUvMTM0ODwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 27 January 2025 &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Migreurop, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNDM0Lmh0bWwiPlByZXNzIFJldmlldyBKdW5lIDIwMjU8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 7 July 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See on this subject: Human Rights Watch, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaHJ3Lm9yZy9mci9uZXdzLzIwMjUvMDgvMjcvbWF1cml0YW5pZS1kZXMtYW5uZWVzLWRhYnVzLWxpZXMtYXV4LWNvbnRyb2xlcy1kZXMtbWlncmF0aW9ucyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj7igJxNYXVyaXRhbmlhOiBZZWFycyBvZiBhYnVzZXMgbGlua2VkIHRvIG1pZ3JhdGlvbjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; controls&#8221;, 27 August 2025; ASGI &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYXNnaS5pdC9lbi9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9tb3JvY2NvLWJvcmRlci1wb2xpY2llcy1hdC10aGUtcm9vdC1vZi1mb3JjZWQtZGlzYXBwZWFyYW5jZXMtYW5kLWh1bWFuLXJpZ2h0cy12aW9sYXRpb25zLyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj7igJxNb3JvY2NvOiBCb3JkZXIgcG9saWNpZXMgYXQgdGhlIHJvb3Qgb2YgZm9yY2VkIGRpc2FwcGVhcmFuY2VzIGFuZCBodW1hbiByaWdodHM8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; violations&#8221;, 14 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;The same concerns have been raised regarding the &#8216;Return' Regulation, adopted on 26 March by the European Parliament. See on this subject the joint press release &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ2lzdGkub3JnL3NwaXAucGhwP2FydGljbGU3Njg1IiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAmFJldHVybiBSZWd1bGF0aW9uOiBubyB0byBhIEV1cm9wZWFuIGxhdyB0aGF0IGF1dGhvcmlzZXMgaG9tZSBzZWFyY2hlcywgcG9saWNlIGluIHB1YmxpYyBzZXJ2aWNlcyBhbmQgcmFjaWFsPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; profiling', 23 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See, on this subject, The Guardian, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlZ3VhcmRpYW4uY29tL3VrLW5ld3MvMjAyNi9tYXIvMDgvbWFobW9vZHMtbmV3LXJ1bGVzLXdpbGwtbGVhdmUtcmVmdWdlZXMtaW4tY3J1ZWwtc3RhdGUtb2YtdW5jZXJ0YWludHkiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+4oCYTWFobW9vZOKAmXMgbmV3IHJ1bGVzIHdpbGwgbGVhdmUgcmVmdWdlZXMgaW4gYSBjcnVlbCBzdGF0ZSBvZjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; uncertainty', 8 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in particular Scottish Refugee Council, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9zY290dGlzaHJlZnVnZWVjb3VuY2lsLm9yZy51ay9yZWZ1Z2VlLWFzeWx1bS1sYWJvdXItY2hhbmdlcy1zaGFiYW5hbWFobW9vZC8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+4oCcQ2hhcml0aWVzIHVyZ2UgVUsgZ292ZXJubWVudCB0byDigJhzdGVwIHVw4oCZIGFuZCBiZSBob25lc3QgYWJvdXQgcmVhbGl0aWVzIG9mPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; migration&#8221;, 5 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in particular Migreurop, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNDgyLmh0bWwiPlByZXNzIHJldmlldyBPY3RvYmVyIDIwMjU8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 15 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See InfoMigrants, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9lbi9wb3N0LzY4OTU2L3VrLXVzZXMtdmlzYS1yZXN0cmljdGlvbnMtdG8tcHJlc3N1cmUtYWZyaWNhbi1jb3VudHJpZXMtb24tZGVwb3J0YXRpb24tZGVhbHMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+4oCcVUsgdXNlcyB2aXNhIHJlc3RyaWN0aW9ucyB0byBwcmVzc3VyZSBBZnJpY2FuIGNvdW50cmllcyBvbiBkZXBvcnRhdGlvbjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; deals&#8221;, 30 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in particular the Migreurop press release,&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTYwLmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyIj7igJxBZG9wdGlvbiBvZiB0aGUgRXVyb3BlYW4g4oCYcmV0dXJu4oCZIHJlZ3VsYXRpb246IHRoZSBkZWF0aCBvZiBpbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsIGxhdzwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#8221;, 26 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Ibid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;In particular the 2022 &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZWVhcy5ldXJvcGEuZXUvbmlnZXIvbHVuaW9uLWV1cm9wZWVubmUtZXQtbGUtbmlnZXJfZnIiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+RVUtTmlnZXIgcGFydG5lcnNoaXA8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Migreurop, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTE2Lmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyIj5QcmVzcyByZXZpZXcgRGVjZW1iZXIgMjAyNTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 5 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
		<enclosure url="https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/draft_press_review_march_2026.pdf" length="266346" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Revue de presse mars 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3571.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3571.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-04-08T13:22:39Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Libye</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Allemagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Belgique</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Croatie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Espagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Portugal</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Nigeria</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Criminalisation des solidarit&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Enfermement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Politiques migratoires</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Renvois forc&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Surveillance et contr&#244;le</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Libye InfoMigrants, &#171; M&#233;diterran&#233;e : 2 500 migrants intercept&#233;s en mer et ramen&#233;s de force en Libye depuis le d&#233;but de l'ann&#233;e 2026 &#187;, 12 mars 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Depuis d&#233;but 2026, plus de 2 500 migrant&#183;e&#183;s ont &#233;t&#233; intercept&#233;&#183;e&#183;s en M&#233;diterran&#233;e par les garde-c&#244;tes libyens et renvoy&#233;&#183;e&#183;s de force en Libye. Ces interceptions s'inscrivent dans le cadre d'un arrangement conclu en 2017 entre l'Italie et la Libye, qui pr&#233;voit un soutien logistique et financier de l'Italie et de l'Union europ&#233;enne aux (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Revues de presse&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot172.html" rel="tag"&gt;Criminalisation des solidarit&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Enfermement&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Politiques migratoires&lt;/a&gt;, 
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		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/visuel_rp-2-38691.png?1775654589' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libye&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Libye&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Allemagne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Allemagne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Belgique&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Belgique&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Croatie/Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Croatie/Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Espagne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Espagne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Portugal&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Portugal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Su&#232;de&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni/Nigeria&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Royaume-Uni/Nigeria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Adoption du r&#232;glement retour&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;Adoption du r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Arrangement UE / Nigeria&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_11'&gt;Arrangement UE / Nigeria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Frontex&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_12'&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Libye&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcwMzMwL21lZGl0ZXJyYW5lZS0tMi01MDAtbWlncmFudHMtaW50ZXJjZXB0ZXMtZW4tbWVyLWV0LXJhbWVuZXMtZGUtZm9yY2UtZW4tbGlieWUtZGVwdWlzLWxlLWRlYnV0LWRlLWxhbm5lZS0yMDI2IiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntNw6lkaXRlcnJhbsOpZSZuYnNwOzogMiA1MDAgbWlncmFudHMgaW50ZXJjZXB0w6lzIGVuIG1lciBldCByYW1lbsOpcyBkZSBmb3JjZSBlbiBMaWJ5ZSBkZXB1aXMgbGUgZMOpYnV0IGRlIGwmIzgyMTc7YW5uw6llIDIwMjZ9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, 12 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis d&#233;but 2026, plus de 2 500 migrant&#183;e&#183;s ont &#233;t&#233; intercept&#233;&#183;e&#183;s en M&#233;diterran&#233;e par les garde-c&#244;tes libyens et renvoy&#233;&#183;e&#183;s de force en Libye. Ces interceptions s'inscrivent dans le cadre d'un arrangement conclu en 2017 entre l'Italie et la Libye, qui pr&#233;voit un soutien logistique et financier de l'Italie et de l'Union europ&#233;enne aux autorit&#233;s libyennes afin d'emp&#234;cher les d&#233;parts vers l'Europe. Un accord informel qui a de fait mis en place un m&#233;canisme de &#171; pullbacks &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ces op&#233;rations visent &#224; &#171; emp&#234;cher physiquement les migrant&#183;e&#183;s de quitter (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; syst&#233;matiques : des interceptions en mer, coordonn&#233;es par l'agence europ&#233;enne Frontex, suivies du renvoi forc&#233; des personnes vers les c&#244;tes libyennes par les autorit&#233;s locales, formellement responsables de la zone de recherche et de sauvetage (SAR). Les personnes migrantes sont ensuite enferm&#233;es dans des camps libyens. C'est dans ce contexte que s'inscrit la d&#233;cision r&#233;cente de la Commission europ&#233;enne de financer la construction d'un centre de coordination des secours maritimes (MRCC) &#224; Benghazi&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &#187;, 27 janvier 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh6-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le projet, port&#233; par le gouvernement italien, &#233;tend le m&#233;canisme de &#171; pullback &#187; &#224; l'est de la Libye, en compl&#233;ment du centre d&#233;j&#224; op&#233;rationnel &#224; Tripoli. Par ailleurs, la gestion du nouveau centre pourrait &#234;tre li&#233;e &#224; la milice Tareq Ben Zayed, qui contr&#244;le le territoire et est soup&#231;onn&#233;e d'&#234;tre impliqu&#233;e dans l'attaque du navire humanitaire Ocean Viking en ao&#251;t 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; &#187;, 4 mars 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh6-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette coop&#233;ration entre l'Union europ&#233;enne et la Libye a permis, au fil des ann&#233;es, le refoulement, la d&#233;tention arbitraire et la torture de milliers de personnes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de Mediterranea, &#171; &#187;, 9 janvier 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh6-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Un rapport confidentiel de l'Union europ&#233;enne datant de 2022&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment AP, &#171; &#187;, 25 janvier 2022, et le rapportdu Conseil de l'Union (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; fait d'ailleurs &#233;tat &#171; d'un usage excessif de la force, d'actes disproportionn&#233;s et de violence arm&#233;e &#187; lors des interceptions en mer par les autorit&#233;s libyennes. Par ailleurs, les conditions de d&#233;tention des migrant&#183;e&#183;s en Libye ont fait l'objet de nombreuses alertes en raison de graves violations des droits humains&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir, par exemple, le dernier rapport de l'OHCHR et de l'UNSMIL &#171; &#187;, 17 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. La Libye n'offre aucune garantie de protection conforme aux standards internationaux en mati&#232;re de protection et d'asile. Malgr&#233; cela, les financements europ&#233;ens et italiens, visant &#224; externaliser la gestion des mouvements migratoiresvers ce pays non s&#251;r, continuent d'affluer.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC News Afrique, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmJjLmNvbS9hZnJpcXVlL2FydGljbGVzL2N6ZXhnMW5rbGt3byIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57VW5lIG1pbGl0YW50ZSBhbnRpcmFjaXN0ZSBkZSBwcmVtaWVyIHBsYW4gZW4gVHVuaXNpZSBjb25kYW1uw6llIMOgIGh1aXQgYW5zIGRlIHByaXNvbn08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 21 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le tribunal de premi&#232;re instance de Tunis a condamn&#233; la militante antiraciste Saadia Mosbah, &#224; huit ans de prison et &#224; une lourde amende pour &#171; blanchiment d'argent &#187; et &#171; enrichissement illicite &#187;. Ce verdict s'inscrit dans un contexte de criminalisation croissante des d&#233;fenseur&#183;e&#183;s des droits des migrant&#183;e&#183;s en Tunisie. Ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es, Mosbah, pr&#233;sidente de l'association Mn&#232;mty, s'est retrouv&#233;e en premi&#232;re ligne dans la d&#233;fense des droits des migrant&#183;e&#183;s originaires d'Afrique subsaharienne, face &#224; la rh&#233;torique et aux politiques racistes du pr&#233;sident Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed. Depuis deux ans, Mn&#232;mty et de nombreuses autres organisations de solidarit&#233; avec les migrant&#183;e&#183;s sont particuli&#232;rement cibl&#233;es par une vague r&#233;pressive : campagnes de diffamation sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux orchestr&#233;s par le gouvernement, militant&#183;e&#183;s arr&#234;t&#233;&#183;e&#183;s et poursuivi&#183;e&#183;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La criminalisation de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile tunisienne se poursuit avec l'assentiment tacite de l'Union europ&#233;enne, qui a accord&#233; un financement de plus de 100 millions d'euros &#224; la Tunisie dans le cadre d'un arrangement migratoire conclu en 2023, visant &#224; emp&#234;cher les migrant&#183;e&#183;s de traverser la M&#233;diterran&#233;e. Mosbah et les activistes condamn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s paient aujourd'hui le prix de cet arrangement&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; conjoint &#171; &#187;, 10 mars 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh6-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; : en soutenant la politique migratoire de Sa&#239;ed dans un objectif de dissuasion des d&#233;parts, l'UE porte une responsabilit&#233; dans les arrestations arbitraires de d&#233;fenseur&#183;e&#183;s des droits en Tunisie et dans les violations de leurs droits fondamentaux.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Allemagne&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcwNjM4L2FsbGVtYWduZS0tYXByZXMtbGEtdmlzaXRlLWRhbGNoYXJhYS1tZXJ6LWVzcGVyZS11bi1yZXRvdXItbWFzc2lmLWRlcy1yZWZ1Z2llcy1zeXJpZW5zIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntBbGxlbWFnbmUmbmJzcDs6IGFwcsOocyBsYSB2aXNpdGUgZCYjODIxNzthbC1DaGFyYWEsIE1lcnogZXNww6hyZSB1biByZXRvdXIgbWFzc2lmIGRlcyByw6lmdWdpw6lzIHN5cmllbnN9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 31 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans le cadre d'une visite du pr&#233;sident syrien Ahmed al-Charaa &#224; Berlin, le lundi 30 mars, le chancelier allemand Friedrich Merz a d&#233;clar&#233; vouloir expulser, &#224; moyen terme, 80 % des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e&#183;s syrien&#183;ne&#183;s pr&#233;sent&#183;e&#183;s en Allemagne. Selon lui, il n'y aurait plus de raison pour ces personnes de rester sur le territoire allemand apr&#232;s la chute du r&#233;gime d'Assad.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'id&#233;e d'expulser un nombre aussi &#233;lev&#233; de personnes r&#233;v&#232;le une approche x&#233;nophobe et raciste, visant &#224; se d&#233;barrasser, le plus rapidement possible et &#224; tout prix, de celles et ceux consid&#233;r&#233;&#183;e&#183;s comme &#171; ind&#233;sirables &#187; sur le territoire allemand&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Comme l'ont d&#233;montr&#233; les r&#233;cents arrangements avec les Talibans en (2025) et (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Par ailleurs, la Syrie demeure un pays profond&#233;ment instable, marqu&#233; par la destruction d'infrastructures essentielles. En octobre 2025, le ministre allemand des Affaires &#233;trang&#232;res avait d&#233;clar&#233; qu'il &#233;tait &#171; pratiquement impossible pour les gens d'y vivre dans la dignit&#233; dans le court terme &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, , 5 janvier 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh6-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, lors d'une visite sur place. De graves violations des droits humains continuent &#233;galement d'&#234;tre document&#233;es dans le pays. Le 12 mars, La Commission d'enqu&#234;te internationale ind&#233;pendante sur la R&#233;publique arabe syrienne a pr&#233;sent&#233; son dernier rapport devant le Conseil des droits de l'Homme des Nations unies, r&#233;v&#233;lant que la transition politique demeure compromise par des violations des droits telles que des ex&#233;cutions extrajudiciaires, des actes de torture et des mauvais traitements, ainsi que des disparitions forc&#233;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Conseil des droits de l'homme des Nations Unies, &#171; &#187; 12 mars 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh6-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Dans ces conditions, la s&#233;curit&#233; des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s expuls&#233;&#183;e&#183;s ne saurait &#234;tre garantie, et l'Allemagne risquerait de se rendre complice de telles violations de droits.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Belgique&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Politico, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucG9saXRpY28uZXUvYXJ0aWNsZS9iZWxnaXVtLW1pZ3JhdGlvbi1hc3lsdW0tc2Vla2VyLWNvdXJ0LXN1c3BlbnNpb24tYW5uZWxlZW4tdmFuLWJvc3N1eXQvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntCZWxnaXVtIHRvIHByZXNzIGFoZWQgd2l0aCByZXN0cmljdGlvbiBvbiBhc3lsdW0tc2Vla2VycyBkZXNwaXRlIGNvdXJ0IGRlY2lzaW9ufTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 4 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Cour constitutionnelle belge a suspendu temporairement une mesure visant &#224; limiter l'acc&#232;s aux conditions mat&#233;rielles d'accueil pour les migrant&#183;e&#183;s ayant d&#233;j&#224; obtenu une protection dans un autre &#201;tat membre de l'UE. La Cour a soulign&#233; que cette disposition pourrait causer un &#171; pr&#233;judice grave et difficilement r&#233;parable &#187;, en exposant des personnes &#224; la pr&#233;carit&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Cour constitutionnelle,, 26 f&#233;vrier 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh6-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Malgr&#233; cette suspension, le gouvernement belge a d&#233;clar&#233; vouloir poursuivre l'application de cette mesure afin d' &#171; &#233;viter de surcharger le syst&#232;me d'accueil &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis 2021, les autorit&#233;s belges ont refus&#233; d'adapter ce syst&#232;me &#224; l'augmentation des demandes d'asile, exposant de nombreux&#183;euse&#183;s exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; des conditions de vie indignes, sans acc&#232;s aux soins ni &#224; un h&#233;bergement appropri&#233;. Plus de 12 000 d&#233;cisions de juridictions nationales et internationales ont ordonn&#233; &#224; la Belgique de fournir un accueil digne. Pourtant, ces d&#233;cisions ont syst&#233;matiquement &#233;t&#233; ignor&#233;es et contourn&#233;es, surtout depuis l'arriv&#233;e au pouvoir du nouveau gouvernement en 2023, qui a adopt&#233; une politique migratoire plus restrictive&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International &#171; &#187;, 3 avril 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh6-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le m&#233;pris des d&#233;cisions judiciaires belgess'inscrit dans un contexte g&#233;n&#233;ral de remise en cause du droit national, europ&#233;en et international en mati&#232;re migratoire : c'est sans surprise que le pays figure dans la liste des &#201;tats ayant sign&#233; en 2025 une lettre ouverte appelant &#224; une interpr&#233;tation plus souple de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, notamment de l'article 3 (interdiction des traitements inhumains ou d&#233;gradants) et de l'article 8 (protection de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir la sign&#233;e par les chefs d'&#201;tat de l'Italie, du Danemark, de l'Autriche, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. La Belgique choisit ainsi de prot&#233;ger ses fronti&#232;res d'une menace migratoire fantasm&#233;e, au m&#233;pris des droits humains.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Croatie/Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9lbi9wb3N0LzcwMjMxL21pZ3JhdGlvbi1tYW5hZ2VtZW50LW1lYXN1cmVzLXJlaW5mb3JjZWQtaW4tYm9zbmlhLWhlcnplZ292aW5hLWFuZC1jcm9hdGlhIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntBIGxhIGZyb250acOocmUgZW50cmUgbGEgQ3JvYXRpZSBldCBsYSBCb3NuaWUsIGxhIGNvbnN0cnVjdGlvbiBkJiM4MjE3O3VuIGNlbnRyZSBkJiM4MjE3O2FjY3VlaWwgZGl2aXNlIGxlcyBoYWJpdGFudHN9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 13 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Croatie a r&#233;cemment annonc&#233; la construction d'un nouveau &#171; centre d'accueil &#187; pour les personnes migrantes &#224; sa fronti&#232;re avec la Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine. Parall&#232;lement, l'agence europ&#233;enne Frontex pr&#233;voit de renforcer la pr&#233;sence de ses agents en Bosnie, consid&#233;r&#233;e par l'UE comme un &#171; investissement g&#233;opolitique &#187; majeur dans la gestion des mouvements migratoires. L'objectif affich&#233; est d'atteindre un &#171; niveau &#233;lev&#233; &#187; de coop&#233;ration avec la police des fronti&#232;res bosniennes dans la &#171; lutte contre l'immigration clandestine et la pr&#233;vention de la criminalit&#233; transfrontali&#232;re &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine est candidate &#224; l'entr&#233;e dans l'Union europ&#233;enne et constitue une &#233;tape sur la route migratoire des Balkans : un lieu n&#233;vralgique de consolidation de l' &#171; Europe Forteresse &#187;. Sa fronti&#232;re avec la Croatie est notoirement marqu&#233;e par l'impunit&#233; des violations des droits commises par les autorit&#233;s croates et bosniennes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet le rapport de Border Violence Monitoring Network, &#171; &#187;, 11 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; : les refoulements des migrant&#183;e&#183;s qui tentent d'arriver sur le sol europ&#233;en sont l&#233;gion et les demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile qui parviennent en Croatie sont plac&#233;es dans des centres pour demandeurs d'asile (actuellement deux dans le pays) dans des conditions indignes. L'acc&#232;s aux soins y est limit&#233;, les conditions d'hygi&#232;ne sont pr&#233;caires et des cas de refus arbitraire de certaines demandes de protection ont &#233;t&#233; document&#233;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Asylum Information Database (AIDA),Conseil europ&#233;en pour les (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Des rapports ont &#233;galement mis en avant que les autorit&#233;s croates ont &#233;t&#233; impliqu&#233;es dans la d&#233;tention arbitraire et la torture de personnes en situation dite &#171; irr&#233;guli&#232;re &#187; dans des installations ad hoc&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir l' du Global Detention Project, s.d.&#034; id=&#034;nh6-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. La construction d'un centre &#224; la fronti&#232;re risque d'entra&#238;ner une multiplication de ce type de situations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans ce cadre, le renforcement de la pr&#233;sence de Frontex (qui op&#232;re en Bosnie &#224; la suite d'un accord de statut sign&#233; en 2025 entre l'UE et Sarajevo&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voirla d, 27 janvier 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh6-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;) risque de contribuer aux violations des droits d&#233;crites ci-dessus. D'autant plus que, en vertu de cet accord (article 12), l'agence b&#233;n&#233;ficie d'une immunit&#233; pour tous les actes r&#233;alis&#233;s dans le cadre d'une op&#233;ration conjointe en Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine, devant toute juridiction p&#233;nale, civile ou administrative du pays&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop,, 7 juillet 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh6-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Espagne&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;La Vanguardia, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGF2YW5ndWFyZGlhLmNvbS92aWRhLzIwMjYwMzEwLzExNDg2MDAwL2dvYmllcm5vLWdhcmFudGl6YS1zYW5pZGFkLXB1YmxpY2EtcGVyc29uYXMtaW5taWdyYW50ZXMtc2l0dWFjaW9uLWlycmVndWxhci5odG1sIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntMb3MgaW5taWdyYW50ZXMgc2luIHBhcGVsZXMgYWNjZWRlcsOhbiBhIGxhIHNhbmlkYWQgY29uIHVuYSBkZWNsYXJhY2nDs24gcmVzcG9uc2FibGV9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 10 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis le 10 mars 2026, le syst&#232;me de sant&#233; espagnol est ouvert aux personnes d&#233;pourvues de documents pour s&#233;journer dans le pays. Cette mesure supprime des obstacles administratifs qui emp&#234;chaient auparavant de nombreuses personnes d'acc&#233;der aux soins m&#233;dicaux. Selon les nouvelles r&#232;gles, toute personne en mesure de prouver sa r&#233;sidence en Espagne peut d&#233;poser une demande de prise en charge aupr&#232;s de son centre de sant&#233; local et b&#233;n&#233;ficier imm&#233;diatement d'une couverture temporaire pendant le traitement de son dossier. Comme l'a soulign&#233; la ministre de la Sant&#233; espagnole, cette mesure &#171; vise &#224; garantir l'&#233;quit&#233; et &#224; pr&#233;venir les in&#233;galit&#233;s &#187;, tout en permettant &#171; un meilleur suivi des maladies dans les soins primaires et une utilisation plus efficace des ressources publiques &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette d&#233;cision fait suite &#224; une mesure de r&#233;gularisation dite extraordinaire des personnes migrantes (2026) et au refus explicite du gouvernement espagnol de soutenir le projet europ&#233;en de &#171; &lt;i&gt;return hubs &lt;/i&gt; &#187; (pays hors Europe o&#249; seraient expuls&#233;es les personnes sans droit au s&#233;jour en Europe), pr&#233;vu dans le r&#232;glement retour dont le mandat de n&#233;gociation a &#233;t&#233; confirm&#233; le 26 mars par le Parlement europ&#233;en. Il convient n&#233;anmoins de rappeler que l'Espagne continue d'externaliser la gestion des mouvements migratoires, notamment vers le Maroc et la Mauritanie, ce qui engage sa responsabilit&#233; dans les violations des droits humains commises &#224; l'encontre des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s dans ces pays&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet : Human Rights Watch, &#171; &#187;, 27 ao&#251;t 2025 ; ASGI &#171; &#187;, 14 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Portugal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Portugal Post, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly90aGVwb3J0dWdhbHBvc3QuY29tL3Bvc3RzL3BvcnR1Z2FsLXRpZ2h0ZW5zLWltbWlncmF0aW9uLWxhd3MtZGV0ZW50aW9uLWV4dGVuZGVkLXRvLTE4LW1vbnRocy1hbmQtZGVwb3J0YXRpb24tcnVsZXMtdHJhbnNmb3JtZWQiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e1BvcnR1Z2FsIFRpZ2h0ZW5zIEltbWlncmF0aW9uIExhd3MmbmJzcDs6IERldGVudGlvbiBFeHRlbmRlZCB0byAxOCBNb250aHMgYW5kIERlcG9ydGF0aW9uIFJ1bGVzIFRyYW5zZm9ybWVkfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 19 mars 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le gouvernement portugais a approuv&#233; un projet de loi en mati&#232;re de migration marquant une &#233;tape suppl&#233;mentaire dans le tournant r&#233;pressif de sa politique &#224; l'&#233;gard des personnes exil&#233;es. La dur&#233;e maximale de d&#233;tention administrative pour les personnes sans droit au s&#233;jour a &#233;t&#233; prolong&#233;e(de 60 &#224; 540 jours) et les personnes qui feront une demande de protection apr&#232;s une entr&#233;e sur le territoire en-dehors des postes fronti&#232;res habilit&#233;s seront soumises &#224; des mesures coercitives plus strictes, dont la d&#233;tention, pendant l'examen de leur dossier. Le texte introduit &#233;galement une interdiction d'entr&#233;e en cas d'expulsion forc&#233;e pouvant atteindre cinqans, dur&#233;e prolongeable en cas de condamnation p&#233;nale ou de menace pour la s&#233;curit&#233; nationale. En outre, le d&#233;p&#244;t d'une demande de protection ne suspendra plus la proc&#233;dure d'expulsion, et enfin toute personne sans droit au s&#233;jour est soumise &#224; une &#171; obligation de d&#233;part volontaire &#187; : les personnes concern&#233;es devront quitter le territoire sans attendre de notification formelle, sous peine d'expulsion forc&#233;e et donc d'interdiction d'entr&#233;e. Cette r&#233;forme supprime la p&#233;riode interm&#233;diaire entre la notification formelle et la perte effective du droit au s&#233;jour, p&#233;riode qui permettait jusqu'&#224; pr&#233;sent de r&#233;gulariser sa situation administrative ou de consulter un avocat. &#192; noter que selon le texte, ces mesures de renvoi forc&#233; ne s'appliqueront pas aux mineurs de moins de 16 ans. Le projet de loi est actuellement en cours d'examen parlementaire.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Plusieurs organisations de d&#233;fense des droits des personnes migrantes d&#233;noncent une man&#339;uvre politique de la coalition de centre-droit visant &#224; s&#233;duire un &#233;lectorat plus conservateur &#224; l'approche de futures &#233;ch&#233;ances &#233;lectorales. Cette strat&#233;gie s'inscrit dans une tendance plus large observ&#233;e dans d'autres &#201;tats europ&#233;ens o&#249; les migrant&#183;e&#183;s sont instrumentalis&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; des fins &#233;lectorales, dans une optique populiste.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#192; l'heure de l'adoption d'un nouveau r&#232;glement europ&#233;en sur le retour des personnes d&#233;pourvues de droit de s&#233;jour dans l'UE, d'applicabilit&#233; directe dans les &#201;tats membres, les mesures &#224; l'encontre des personnes exil&#233;es en instance d'expulsion vont encore s'aggraver.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su&#232;de &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGVtb25kZS5mci9pbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsL2FydGljbGUvMjAyNi8wMy8yNC9sYS1zdWVkZS1wcmVzZW50ZS11bi1wcm9qZXQtZGUtbG9pLXF1aS1wcmV2b2l0LWQtZXhwdWxzZXItbGVzLW1pZ3JhbnRzLXF1aS1uZS1tZW5lbnQtcGFzLXVuZS12aWUtaG9ubmV0ZV82Njc0MDcyXzMyMTAuaHRtbCIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57TGEgU3XDqGRlIHByw6lzZW50ZSB1biBwcm9qZXQgZGUgbG9pIHF1aSBwcsOpdm9pdCBk4oCZZXhwdWxzZXIgbGVzIG1pZ3JhbnRzIHF1aSBuZSBtw6huZW50IHBhcyB1bmUgJiMxNzE7Jm5ic3A7dmllIGhvbm7DqnRlfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, le 24 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;RFI, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucmZpLmZyL2ZyL2V1cm9wZS8yMDI2MDMyNS1zdSVDMyVBOGRlLWxlLWdvdXZlcm5lbWVudC1wb3Vyc3VpdC11bi1wcm9qZXQtZGUtbG9pLXZpc2FudC0lQzMlQTAtZCVDMyVBOW5vbmNlci1sZXMtbWlncmFudHMtc2Fucy10aXRyZS1kZS1zJUMzJUE5am91ciIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57U3XDqGRlJm5ic3A7OiBsZSBnb3V2ZXJuZW1lbnQgcG91cnN1aXQgdW4gcHJvamV0IGRlIGxvaSB2aXNhbnQgw6AgZMOpbm9uY2VyIGxlcyBtaWdyYW50cyBzYW5zIHRpdHJlIGRlIHPDqWpvdXJ9eyZuYnNwO308L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 25 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fin mars, le gouvernement su&#233;dois a pr&#233;sent&#233; deux projets de loi visant &#224; intensifier les expulsions des personnes exil&#233;es. Le premier pr&#233;voit l'expulsion des migrant&#183;e&#183;s qui ne m&#232;neraient pas une &#171; vie honn&#234;te &#187;. Le deuxi&#232;me obligerait six administrations publiques (l'agence pour l'emploi, l'assurance sociale, l'administration p&#233;nitentiaire, l'agence de recouvrement des dettes, l'autorit&#233; des retraites et l'administration fiscale) &#224; signaler &#224; la police les personnes soup&#231;onn&#233;es de s&#233;jour dit &#171; irr&#233;gulier &#187;. Il introduit &#233;galement de nouveaux motifs de retrait du titre de s&#233;jour, notamment lorsqu'une personne est consid&#233;r&#233;e comme une &#171; menace &#187;pour l'ordre public ou la s&#233;curit&#233; nationale, ou lorsqu'elle a fourni des informations inexactes dans sa demande.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La premi&#232;re mesure suscite de vives inqui&#233;tudes en raison de son caract&#232;re vague et discr&#233;tionnaire. Quels crit&#232;res permettraient de d&#233;finir une &#171; vie honn&#234;te &#187; ? Quels moyens seraient utilis&#233;s pour &#233;valuer une pr&#233;tendue moralit&#233; individuelle ? Cette mesure, qui repose sur des &#233;valuations profond&#233;ment subjectives, ouvrirait la voie &#224; la mise en place de deux syst&#232;mes normatifs parall&#232;les. Des d&#233;clarations non p&#233;nalement r&#233;pr&#233;hensibles pourraient ainsi entra&#238;ner l'expulsion des migrant&#183;e&#183;s, alors qu'elles n'auraient aucune cons&#233;quence juridique pour des citoyen&#183;ne&#183;s su&#233;dois&#183;e&#183;s. Par ailleurs, il existe un risque de produire un effet dissuasif sur la libert&#233; d'expression et de renforcer l'autocensure parmi les personnes migrantes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le deuxi&#232;me projet de loi s'inscrit dans une volont&#233; plus g&#233;n&#233;rale, &#224; l'&#233;chelle europ&#233;enne, de renforcer un contr&#244;le g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233; des espaces priv&#233;s et publics afin de &#171; d&#233;busquer &#187; les personnes d&#233;pourvues de doit au s&#233;jour. Il accentuerait le r&#244;le des administrations comme outils de contr&#244;le, en mena&#231;ant le droit &#224; la vie priv&#233;e, en raison du partage potentiel de donn&#233;es sensibles, en favorisant le profilage racial et les discriminations au faci&#232;s, et en cr&#233;ant des conflits &#233;thiques pour les professionnel&#183;le&#183;s de l'administration publique&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Les m&#234;mes inqui&#233;tudes ont &#233;t&#233; soulev&#233;es concernant le r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlZ3VhcmRpYW4uY29tL3VrLW5ld3MvMjAyNi9tYXIvMDUvd2hhdC1hcmUtc2hhYmFuYS1tYWhtb29kcy1jaGFuZ2VzLXRvLXRoZS1hc3lsdW0tc3lzdGVtIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntXaGF0IGFyZSBTaGFiYW5hIE1haG1vb2TigJlzIGNoYW5nZXMgdG8gdGhlIGFzeWx1bSBzeXN0ZW0mbmJzcDs/fTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 5 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 5 mars, la ministre de l'Int&#233;rieur britannique Shabana Mahmood a annonc&#233; la mise en application de nouvelles mesures en mati&#232;re de migration et d'asile. Le statut de r&#233;fugi&#233; est d&#233;sormais r&#233;duit de cinq ans &#224; 30 mois (renouvelables). Au terme de cette p&#233;riode, si le pays tiers est consid&#233;r&#233; comme s&#251;r, ses ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s pourront y &#234;tre expuls&#233;&#183;e&#183;s. Par ailleurs, la p&#233;riode pour obtenir le statut de r&#233;sident&#183;e permanent&#183;e passe de 10 &#224; 20 ans, l'obligation de soutien financier public aux demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile est suspendue, et jusqu'&#224; 40 000 &#163; seront offerts aux familles dont la demande d'asile a &#233;t&#233; rejet&#233;e pour rentrer volontairement dans leur pays : en cas de refus, les autorit&#233;s pourront recourir &#224; la force, y compris &#224; l'encontre des mineur&#183;e&#183;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#201;ni&#232;me durcissement de la politique migratoire britannique, cette nouvelle s&#233;rie de mesures r&#233;pressives s'&#233;loigne de l'esprit, sinon de la lettre, des conventions relatives aux droits humains dont le Royaume-Uni est signataire. Tout d'abord, les personnes exil&#233;es seront maintenues dans un &#233;tat d'incertitude permanente, les emp&#234;chant de reconstruire leur vie et les exposant &#224; une menace constante d'expulsion&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet The Guardian, &#171; &#187;, 8 mars 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh6-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Par ailleurs, la possibilit&#233; de renvoyer de force des familles dont la demande d'asile a &#233;t&#233; ou sera rejet&#233;e risque d'entra&#238;ner une violation du droit au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale, prot&#233;g&#233; par l'article 8 de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, ainsi que du principe de l'int&#233;r&#234;t sup&#233;rieur de l'enfant, consacr&#233; par la Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant et reconnu par tous les instruments europ&#233;ens de protection des droits humains. Enfin, le renvoi forc&#233; des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s de pays consid&#233;r&#233;s comme s&#251;rs pourrait constituer une forme de discrimination fond&#233;e sur la nationalit&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Plusieurs organisations de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile britannique ont d&#233;nonc&#233; ces &#233;volutions dans un communiqu&#233; commun. Elles appellent le gouvernement &#224; suspendre la r&#233;duction de la dur&#233;e du statut de r&#233;fugi&#233; en taxant la politique britannique de &#171; cruaut&#233; performative &#187;, source d'instabilit&#233;, d'injustice et d'inefficacit&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Scottish Refugee Council, &#171; &#187;, 5 mars 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh6-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Royaume-Uni/Nigeria&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmJjLmNvbS9uZXdzL2FydGljbGVzL2NybTF3MjRwOHA3byIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57VUsgYWdyZWVzIGRlYWwgdG8gZWFzZSBtaWdyYW50IHJldHVybnN9eyB0byBOaWdlcmlhfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 19 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 19 mars, le Royaume-Uni et le Nigeria ont conclu un arrangement visant &#224; acc&#233;l&#233;rer les expulsions de ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s nig&#233;rian&#183;e&#183;s d&#233;pourvu&#183;e&#183;s de droit au s&#233;jour, ou condamn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s par la justice ou encore dont la demande d'asile a &#233;t&#233; rejet&#233;e. D&#233;sormais, les autorit&#233;s britanniques n'auront plus &#224; attendre la d&#233;livrance de laissez-passer consulaires par le Nigeria pour proc&#233;der &#224; une expulsion : les autorit&#233;s nig&#233;rianes accepteront des documents d'identification &#233;mis par le Royaume-Uni (les &#171; &lt;i&gt;UK letters&lt;/i&gt; &#187;). L'arrangement pr&#233;voit en outre un renforcement de la coop&#233;ration dans la lutte contre les &#171; r&#233;seaux de passeurs &#187;. Dans ce sens, le Nigeria s'est engag&#233; &#224; revoir sa l&#233;gislation nationale afin de garantir des sanctions plus s&#233;v&#232;res contre &#171; les infractions li&#233;es aux migrations &#187;, ce qui risque de conduire &#224; une intensification de la criminalisation des personnes migrantes, ainsi que des organisations solidaires.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'utilisation de documents informels comme les &lt;i&gt;UK letters&lt;/i&gt; pourrait entra&#238;ner des expulsions arbitraires, du fait d'une identification unilat&#233;rale (identit&#233; et nationalit&#233;) de la personne renvoy&#233;e de force par le R.U. Cette mesure pourrait &#233;galement porter atteinte au droit &#224; la vie priv&#233;e et familiale des Nig&#233;rian&#183;e&#183;s r&#233;sidant&#183;e&#183;s au Royaume-Uni.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cet accord marque une nouvelle &#233;tape dans la &#171; diplomatie du renvoi &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Migreurop,, 15 novembre 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh6-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;engag&#233;e par le Royaume-Uni depuis l'arriv&#233;e au pouvoir du gouvernement de Keir Starmer. D&#233;j&#224; en septembre 2025, la ministre de l'Int&#233;rieur Shabana Mahmood avait mis en place une strat&#233;gie de suspension de la d&#233;livrance de visas pour les ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s de certains pays africains (R&#233;publique d&#233;mocratique du Congo, Namibie, Angola) comme moyen de pression pour obtenir une coop&#233;ration plus &#171; efficace &#187; de ces pays dans la r&#233;admission des personnes expuls&#233;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &#187;, 30 d&#233;cembre 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh6-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Adoption du r&#232;glement retour&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lib&#233;ration, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGliZXJhdGlvbi5mci9pbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsL2V1cm9wZS9sZS1wYXJsZW1lbnQtZXVyb3BlZW4tZW4tcGFzc2UtZGFwcHJvdXZlci1kZXMtaHVicy1kZS1yZXRvdXItcG91ci1taWdyYW50cy0yMDI2MDMyNl8yT1JHRUNNNUdWRURIS0JRNEhYTEc3RlZGTS8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+eyBMZSBQYXJsZW1lbnQgZXVyb3DDqWVuIGFwcHJvdXZlIGxhIGNyw6lhdGlvbiBkZSAmIzE3MTsmbmJzcDtodWJzIGRlIHJldG91ciZuYnNwOyYjMTg3OyBwb3VyIG1pZ3JhbnRzIGhvcnMgZGUgbOKAmVVFfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 26 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 26 mars 2026, le Parlement europ&#233;en a confirm&#233; en pl&#233;ni&#232;re le mandat de n&#233;gociation adopt&#233; par la Commission Parlementaire LIBE pour un nouveau syst&#232;me commun en mati&#232;re d'expulsions des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s de pays tiers sans droit au s&#233;jour dans l'Union (dit &#171; r&#232;glement retour &#187;), r&#233;sultant d'une alliance entre la droite et l'extr&#234;me droite. Parmi les mesures pr&#233;vues : une d&#233;tention syst&#233;matique pour toutes les personnes exil&#233;es(extension des motifs de d&#233;tention, dur&#233;e maximale d'enfermement port&#233;e &#224; 24 mois et cumulable d'un &#201;tat membre &#224; l'autre, possibilit&#233; d'enfermement dans des &#233;tablissements p&#233;nitentiaires) ; des expulsions vers des pays tiers (&lt;i&gt;return hubs&lt;/i&gt;), sans contr&#244;le effectif par les institutions europ&#233;ennes et sans clause de suspension en cas de violation des droits ; une acc&#233;l&#233;ration des renvois forc&#233;s gr&#226;ce &#224; la reconnaissance mutuelle des mesures d'expulsion entre &#201;tats membres, potentiellement sans r&#233;examen individuel, et pouvant &#234;tre ex&#233;cut&#233;es avant toute d&#233;cision d&#233;finitive ; dans certains cas, des interdictions d'entr&#233;e d&#233;finitives dans le territoire de l'UE sont pr&#233;vues.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#201;ni&#232;me jalon de la guerre aux migrant&#183;e&#183;s d&#233;but&#233;e il y a 30 ans, ce r&#232;glement consolide la destruction du droit entam&#233;e de longue date, en franchissant de nouvelles lignes rouges. Il risque d'entra&#238;ner tr&#232;s concr&#232;tement des renvois dangereux, des violations du droit &#224; un recours effectif et du principe de non-refoulement, et d'exposer les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; des traitements inhumains et d&#233;gradants&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de Migreurop, &#171; &#187;, 26 mars 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh6-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. La rapidit&#233; de ce vote est en outre inqui&#233;tante, le texte propos&#233; ayant &#233;t&#233; adopt&#233; par le Parlement europ&#233;en &#224; peine un an apr&#232;s la proposition de la Commission. Cela r&#233;v&#232;le que l'agenda de l'extr&#234;me droite s'impose d&#233;sormais au sommet des institutions europ&#233;ennes : dans le sillage du Pacte europ&#233;en, le r&#232;glement retour ent&#233;rine un remodelage du droit de l'Union afin de l'adapter &#224; une id&#233;ologie raciste, anti-migratoire et anti-d&#233;mocratique&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibidem&#034; id=&#034;nh6-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_11&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Arrangement UE / Nigeria&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euobserver, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ldW9ic2VydmVyLmNvbS8yMDgxMDEvZXUtb2ZmZXJzLWNhc2gtYW5kLWRlZmVuY2UtZGVhbC1hcy1pdC1pbmtzLW1pZ3JhbnQtcmV0dXJucy1wYWN0LXdpdGgtbmlnZXJpYSIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57RVUgb2ZmZXJzIGNhc2ggYW5kIGRlZmVuY2UgZGVhbCBhcyBpdCBsaW5rcyBtaWdyYW50IHJldHVybnMgcGFjdCB3aXRoIE5pZ2VyaWF9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, 23 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Nigeria et l'Union europ&#233;enne ont conclu un arrangement pour le renvoi des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s nig&#233;rian&#183;ne&#183;s d&#233;pourvu&#183;e&#183;s de droit au s&#233;jour dans l'Union, en contrepartie d'un financement de 288 millions d'euros destin&#233; &#224; la digitalisation, &#224; la modernisation du secteur de la sant&#233; et aux cha&#238;nes de valeur agricoles au Nigeria.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'arrangement illustre la tendance europ&#233;enne &#224; lier la coop&#233;ration en mati&#232;re d'expulsions &#224; des promesses d'avantages &#233;conomiques et diplomatiques (approche &#171; &lt;i&gt;cash-for-migrants&lt;/i&gt; &#187;), au d&#233;triment des droits fondamentaux des personnes exil&#233;es. Le Nigeria est en effet confront&#233; &#224; une ins&#233;curit&#233; croissante, &#224; une forte inflation, &#224; la violence de groupesarm&#233;s locaux, &#224; des all&#233;gations de torture et &#224; une exclusion profonde des jeunes, aggrav&#233;e par un recul des libert&#233;s civiles et politiques. Dans ce contexte, les expulsions de ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s nig&#233;rian&#183;e&#183;s depuis l'UE pourraient exposer certaines personnes &#224; des traitements inhumains et d&#233;gradants et &#224; l'exclusion sociale, en raison de perspectives de r&#233;int&#233;gration limit&#233;es. Par ailleurs, des accords informels similaires dans la r&#233;gion du Sahel ont co&#239;ncid&#233; avec des lois anti-migration s&#233;v&#232;res,une criminalisation de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile, et la militarisation des fronti&#232;res, contribuant &#224; la normalisation de la r&#233;pression sous couvert de garantir la &#171; stabilit&#233; &#187; et l'&#171; ordre &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Notamment le de 2022&#034; id=&#034;nh6-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#224; l'&#233;chelle nationale.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_12&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Frontex&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGVtb25kZS5mci9zb2NpZXRlL2FydGljbGUvMjAyNi8wMy8yNC9mYWJyaWNlLWxlZ2dlcmktZXgtZGlyZWN0ZXVyLWRlLWZyb250ZXgtZXQtZXVyb2RlcHV0ZS1ybi12aXNlLXBhci11bmUtZW5xdWV0ZS1wb3VyLWNvbXBsaWNpdGUtZGUtY3JpbWVzLWNvbnRyZS1sLWh1bWFuaXRlXzY2NzQwMjhfMzIyNC5odG1sIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntGYWJyaWNlIExlZ2dlcmksIGV4LWRpcmVjdGV1ciBkZSBGcm9udGV4IGV0IGV1cm9kw6lwdXTDqSBSTiwgdmlzw6kgcGFyIHVuZSBlbnF1w6p0ZSBwb3VyIGNvbXBsaWNpdMOpIGRlIGNyaW1lcyBjb250cmUgbOKAmWh1bWFuaXTDqX08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 24 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A la suite de la plainte d'ONG (Ligue des droits de l'Homme et Utopia 56) d&#233;pos&#233;e en avril 2024, une enqu&#234;te a &#233;t&#233; ouverte en France contre Fabrice Leggeri, ancien directeur de Frontex (2015-2022) et eurod&#233;put&#233; d'extr&#234;me droite (groupe Patriotes pour l'Europe). Il est accus&#233;de complicit&#233; de crimes contre l'humanit&#233; et crime de torture, dans des faits de refoulements et de non-assistance aux exil&#233;.e.s en mer, li&#233;s aux pratiques de dissuasion mises en &#339;uvre par les &#201;tats membres et son bras arm&#233; Frontex.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si l'ouverture d'une enqu&#234;te &#224; l'encontre de Leggeri, qui si&#232;ge au Parlement europ&#233;en comme eurod&#233;put&#233; du Rassemblement National, constitue une &#233;tape symbolique importante, il convient de rappeler que le mandat et les activit&#233;s de Frontex sont, depuis la cr&#233;ation de l'agence, intrins&#232;quement incompatibles avec le respect des droits fondamentaux. Les violations des droits commises en toute impunit&#233; avec la complicit&#233; de Frontex - d&#233;nonc&#233;es depuis 2004 par les ONG - avaient lieu avant la nomination de Leggeri et se sont poursuivies apr&#232;s sa d&#233;mission en 2022.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Frontex est l'instrument d'une politique r&#233;pressive de restriction des mobilit&#233;s qui a d&#233;montr&#233; &#234;tre incompatible avec le respect des droits. Dans le cadre du mandat de l'agence, denombreuses op&#233;rations ill&#233;gales ont &#233;t&#233; men&#233;es et largement document&#233;es : expulsions collectives, entraves au droit d'asile, refoulements massifs en pleine mer, non-assistance &#224; personne en danger, collaboration avec des milices libyennes pour intercepter des embarcations avant qu'elles n'atteignent les eaux territoriales europ&#233;ennes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis sa cr&#233;ation en 2004, son mandat, ses pr&#233;rogatives et ses moyens n'ont cess&#233; d'&#234;tre renforc&#233;s, et son budget a &#233;t&#233; d&#233;multipli&#233; ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es (passant de 6 millions d'euros en 2005 &#224; plus d'un milliard en 2026). En juin 2026, la Commission europ&#233;enne pr&#233;sentera au Parlement une 5e r&#233;vision du mandat de l'agence, visant &#224; &#233;largir encore ses activit&#233;s et moyens (recours accru aux technologies de surveillance, expulsions de pays tiers &#224; pays tiers, passage de 10 000 &#224; 30 000 agents).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si Frontex jouissait jusqu'ici d'une impunit&#233; structurelle, la Cour de justice de l'UE a consid&#233;r&#233; en d&#233;cembre 2025 que le droit de l'Union imposait &#224; Frontex des obligations en mati&#232;re de protection des droits fondamentaux&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, , 5 janvier 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh6-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Il &#233;tait temps.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Ces op&#233;rations visent &#224; &#171; emp&#234;cher physiquement les migrant&#183;e&#183;s de quitter le territoire de leur &#201;tat d'origine ou d'un &#201;tat de transit, ou &#224; les renvoyer de force vers ce territoire, avant qu'ils ne puissent atteindre la juridiction de leur &#201;tat de destination. Cela signifie que, contrairement au &#171; pushback &#187;, qui est effectu&#233; lorsqu'une personne franchit effectivement la fronti&#232;re, les &#171; pullbacks &#187; ont lieu avant cela &#187;. &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cub2hjaHIub3JnL3NpdGVzL2RlZmF1bHQvZmlsZXMvRG9jdW1lbnRzL0lzc3Vlcy9NaWdyYXRpb24vT0hDSFItdGhlbWF0aWMtcmVwb3J0LVNBUi1wcm90ZWN0aW9uLWF0LXNlYS5wZGYiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+JiM4MjIwO0xldGhhbCBEaXNyZWdhcmQmIzgyMjE7Jm5ic3A7OiBTZWFyY2ggYW5kIHJlc2N1ZSBhbmQgdGhlIHByb3RlY3Rpb24gb2YgbWlncmFudHMgaW4gdGhlIGNlbnRyYWwgTWVkaXRlcnJhbmVhbiBTZWE8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, Haut-Commissariat aux droits de l'Homme,mai 2021.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzY5NDY5L21lZGl0ZXJyYW5lZS0tbHVlLXZhLWZpbmFuY2VyLWxvdXZlcnR1cmUtZHVuLWNlbnRyZS1kZS1zYXV2ZXRhZ2UtZGFucy1sZXN0LWxpYnllbi1wb3VyLWludGVyY2VwdGVyLWxlcy1taWdyYW50cy1lbi1tZXIiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+TcOpZGl0ZXJyYW7DqWUmbmJzcDs6IGzigJlVRSB2YSBmaW5hbmNlciBs4oCZb3V2ZXJ0dXJlIGTigJl1biBjZW50cmUgZGUgc2F1dmV0YWdlIGRhbnMgbOKAmWVzdCBsaWJ5ZW4gcG91ciBpbnRlcmNlcHRlciBsZXMgbWlncmFudHMgZW4gbWVyPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 27 janvier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTQ4Lmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyIj5BY3R1YWxpdMOpcyBkZSBs4oCZVW5pb24gZXVyb3DDqWVubmUgLSBkw6ljZW1icmUgMjAyNS9mw6l2cmllciAyMDI2Jm5ic3A7PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 4 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de Mediterranea, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9tZWRpdGVycmFuZWFyZXNjdWUub3JnL2l0L25ld3MvYW5jb3JhLW1pbGlvbmktZGktZXVyby1wZXItbGEtY29sbGFib3JhemlvbmUtY29uLWNyaW1pbmFsaS1kaS1ndWVycmEtaW4tbGliaWEiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+QW5jb3JhIG1pbGlvbmkgZGkgZXVybyBwZXIgbGEgY29sbGFib3JhemlvbmUgY29uIGNyaW1pbmFsaSBkaSBndWVycmEgaW4gTGliaWF9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 9 janvier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment AP, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9hcG5ld3MuY29tL2FydGljbGUvY29yb25hdmlydXMtcGFuZGVtaWMtYnVzaW5lc3MtaGVhbHRoLWxpYnlhLW1pZ3JhdGlvbi1hMzBkZDM0MjUxM2FlZWVkZTVhNzU1OGRlNGMzMDg5ZCIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5NaWdyYW50IGFidXNlcyBjb250aW51ZSBpbiBMaWJ5YS4gU28gZG9lcyBFVSBib3JkZXIgdHJhaW5pbmc8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 25 janvier 2022, et le rapportdu Conseil de l'Union europ&#233;enne &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZG9jdW1lbnRjbG91ZC5vcmcvZG9jdW1lbnRzLzIxMTg1OTA3LWxpYnlhbi1jb2FzdC1ndWFyZC1hbmQtbmF2eS1tb25pdG9yaW5nLWZvdXItbW9udGhzLXJlcG9ydC1hdWd1c3Qtbm92ZW1iZXItMjAyMS8gZHUgQ28iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+Rm91ciBtb250aGx5IExpYnlhbiBjb2FzdCBndWFyZCBhbmQgbmF2eSBtb25pdG9yaW5nIHJlcG9ydCZuYnNwOzwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, ao&#251;t-novembre 2021&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir, par exemple, le dernier rapport de l'OHCHR et de l'UNSMIL &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cub2hjaHIub3JnL2VuL2RvY3VtZW50cy9yZXBvcnRzL2J1c2luZXNzLXVzdWFsLWh1bWFuLXJpZ2h0cy12aW9sYXRpb25zLWFuZC1hYnVzZXMtYWdhaW5zdC1taWdyYW50cy1hc3lsdW0tc2Vla2VycyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5CdXNpbmVzcyBhcyBVc3VhbCZuYnNwOzogSHVtYW4gUmlnaHRzIFZpb2xhdGlvbnMgYW5kIEFidXNlcyBhZ2FpbnN0IE1pZ3JhbnRzLCBBc3lsdW0tU2Vla2VycywgYW5kIFJlZnVnZWVzIGluIExpYnlhPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 17 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; conjoint &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly90dW5pc2lhbnNvbGlkYXJpdHkub3JnL2FyLyVEOCVBNyVEOSU4NCVEOCVCOSVEOCVCMSVEOCVBOCVEOSU4QSVEOCVBOS0lRDklODUlRDklODYtJUQ4JUEzJUQ4JUFDJUQ5JTg0LSVEOCVBNyVEOSU4NCVEOCVBNSVEOSU4MSVEOCVCMSVEOCVBNyVEOCVBQy0lRDglQjklRDklODYtJUQ4JUE3JUQ5JTg0JUQ4JUIzJUQ5JThBJUQ4JUFGJUQ4JUE5LSVEOCVCMyVEOCVCOSVEOCVBRiVEOSU4QSVEOCVBOS8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+UG91ciBsYSBsaWLDqXJhdGlvbiBkZSBs4oCZYWN0aXZpc3RlIFNhYWRpYSBNb3NiYWgmbmJzcDs8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 10 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Comme l'ont d&#233;montr&#233; les r&#233;cents arrangements avec les Talibans en &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcwMDkxL2xhbGxlbWFnbmUtZXhwdWxzZS0yMC1jcmltaW5lbHMtYWZnaGFucy12ZXJzLWthYm91bCIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5BZmdoYW5pc3RhbjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;(2025) et avec la &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly90dXJraXNobWludXRlLmNvbS8yMDI0LzA5LzI4L2dlcm1hbnktdHVya2V5LW9kZC1vdmVyLW1pZ3JhbnQtZGVwb3J0YXRpb24tZGVhbC8/dXRtX3NvdXJjZT1jaGF0Z3B0LmNvbSIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5UdXJxdWllPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (2024), destin&#233;s &#224; acc&#233;l&#233;rer les expulsions de leurs ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s, les personnes afghanes et turques constituent une grande partie des populations exil&#233;es vivant en Allemagne.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTE2Lmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyI291dGlsX3NvbW1haXJlXzIiPlJldnVlIGRlIHByZXNzZSBkw6ljZW1icmUgMjAyNTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 5 janvier 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Conseil des droits de l'homme des Nations Unies, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cub2hjaHIub3JnL3NpdGVzL2RlZmF1bHQvZmlsZXMvZG9jdW1lbnRzL2hyYm9kaWVzL2hyY291bmNpbC9zZXNzaW9ucy1yZWd1bGFyL3Nlc3Npb242MS9hZHZhbmNlLXZlcnNpb24vYS1ocmMtNjEtNjItYXV2LnBkZiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5SZXBvcnQgb2YgdGhlIEluZGVwZW5kZW50IEludGVybmF0aW9uYWwgQ29tbWlzc2lvbiBvZiBJbnF1aXJ5IG9uIHRoZSBTeXJpYW4gQXJhYiBSZXB1YmxpYzwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187; 12 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Cour constitutionnelle,&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9mci5jb25zdC1jb3VydC5iZS9wdWJsaWMvZi8yMDI2LzIwMjYtMDIzZi5wZGYiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+YXJyw6p0IG4mIzE3NjsmbmJzcDsyMy8yMDI2PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 26 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1uZXN0eS5vcmcvZnIvbGF0ZXN0L25ld3MvMjAyNS8wNC9iZWxnaXVtLXBlcnNpc3RlbnQtZmFpbHVyZS10by1wcm92aWRlLXJlY2VwdGlvbi12aW9sYXRlcy1yaWdodHMtYW5kLWRpZ25pdHktb2YtcGVvcGxlLXNlZWtpbmctYXN5bHVtLyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5CZWxnaXF1ZS4gTGVzIG1hbnF1ZW1lbnRzIHBlcnNpc3RhbnRzIGVuIG1hdGnDqHJlIGTigJlhY2N1ZWlsIGJhZm91ZW50IGxlcyBkcm9pdHMgZXQgbGEgZGlnbml0w6kgZGVzIHBlcnNvbm5lcyBlbiBxdcOqdGUgZOKAmWFzaWxlPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 3 avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir la &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ292ZXJuby5pdC9zaXRlcy9nb3Zlcm5vLml0L2ZpbGVzL0xldHRlcmFfYXBlcnRhXzIyMDUyMDI1LnBkZiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5sZXR0cmUgb3V2ZXJ0ZTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;sign&#233;e par les chefs d'&#201;tat de l'Italie, du Danemark, de l'Autriche, de la Belgique, de la R&#233;publique tch&#232;que, de l'Estonie, de la Lettonie, de la Lituanie et de la Pologne, 22 mai 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet le rapport de Border Violence Monitoring Network, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ib3JkZXJ2aW9sZW5jZS5ldS9ibG9nL2Nsb3RoZXMtaW4tcml2ZXJzLWJhY2twYWNrcy1vbi1maXJlLXRoZS12aXNpYmlsaXR5LW9mLWJvcmRlci1jcm9zc2luZ3MtYW5kLWlsbGVnYWwtcHVzaGJhY2tzLWF0LXRoZS1jcm9hdGlhbi1ib3NuaWFuLWJvcmRlciIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5DbG90aGVzIGluIHRoZSByaXZlciwgYmFja3BhY2tzIG9uIGZpcmUmbmJzcDs6IFRoZSAoaW4pdmlzaWJpbGl0eSBvZiBwdXNoYmFja3MgYXQgdGhlIENyb2F0aWFuLUJvc25pYW4gYm9yZGVyJm5ic3A7PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 11 juin 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Asylum Information Database (AIDA),Conseil europ&#233;en pour les personnes r&#233;fugi&#233;es et exil&#233;es (ECRE), &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9hc3lsdW1pbmV1cm9wZS5vcmcvcmVwb3J0cy9jb3VudHJ5L2Nyb2F0aWEvcmVjZXB0aW9uLWNvbmRpdGlvbnMvaG91c2luZy9jb25kaXRpb25zLXJlY2VwdGlvbi1mYWNpbGl0aWVzLyMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+Q29uZGl0aW9ucyBpbiByZWNlcHRpb24gZmFjaWxpdGllcyZuYnNwOzogQ3JvYXRpYSZuYnNwOzwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, derni&#232;re mise &#224; jour le 20 janvier&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir l'&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ2xvYmFsZGV0ZW50aW9ucHJvamVjdC5vcmcvY291bnRyaWVzL2V1cm9wZS9jcm9hdGlhIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPmFwZXLDp3UgZ8OpbsOpcmFsZSBkZSBsYSBDcm9hdGllPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; du Global Detention Project, s.d.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voirla d&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ldXItbGV4LmV1cm9wYS5ldS9lbGkvZGVjLzIwMjUvMTM0OC9vai9mcmEiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+w6ljaXNpb24gKFVFKSAyMDI1LzEzNDggZHUgQ29uc2VpbDwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 27 janvier 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop,&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNDM0Lmh0bWwiPlJldnVlIGRlIHByZXNzZSBqdWluIDIwMjU8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 7 juillet 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet : Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaHJ3Lm9yZy9mci9uZXdzLzIwMjUvMDgvMjcvbWF1cml0YW5pZS1kZXMtYW5uZWVzLWRhYnVzLWxpZXMtYXV4LWNvbnRyb2xlcy1kZXMtbWlncmF0aW9ucyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5NYXVyaXRhbmllJm5ic3A7OiBEZXMgYW5uw6llcyBk4oCZYWJ1cyBsacOpcyBhdXggY29udHLDtGxlcyBkZXMgbWlncmF0aW9uczwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 27 ao&#251;t 2025 ; ASGI &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYXNnaS5pdC9lbi9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9tb3JvY2NvLWJvcmRlci1wb2xpY2llcy1hdC10aGUtcm9vdC1vZi1mb3JjZWQtZGlzYXBwZWFyYW5jZXMtYW5kLWh1bWFuLXJpZ2h0cy12aW9sYXRpb25zLyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5Nb3JvY2NvJm5ic3A7OiBCb3JkZXIgcG9saWNpZXMgYXQgdGhlIHJvb3Qgb2YgZm9yY2VkIGRpc2FwcGVhcmFuY2VzIGFuZCBodW1hbiByaWdodHMgdmlvbGF0aW9uczwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 14 avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Les m&#234;mes inqui&#233;tudes ont &#233;t&#233; soulev&#233;es concernant le r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;, adopt&#233; le 26 mars par le Parlement europ&#233;en. Voir &#224; ce sujet le communiqu&#233; conjoint &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ2lzdGkub3JnL3NwaXAucGhwP2FydGljbGU3Njg1IiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPlLDqGdsZW1lbnQgcmV0b3VyJm5ic3A7OiBub24gw6AgdW5lIGxvaSBldXJvcMOpZW5uZSBxdWkgYXV0b3Jpc2UgbGVzIHBlcnF1aXNpdGlvbnMgw6AgZG9taWNpbGUsIGxhIHBvbGljZSBkYW5zIGxlcyBzZXJ2aWNlcyBwdWJsaWNzIGV0IGxlIHByb2ZpbGFnZSByYWNpYWwmbmJzcDs8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 23 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet The Guardian, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlZ3VhcmRpYW4uY29tL3VrLW5ld3MvMjAyNi9tYXIvMDgvbWFobW9vZHMtbmV3LXJ1bGVzLXdpbGwtbGVhdmUtcmVmdWdlZXMtaW4tY3J1ZWwtc3RhdGUtb2YtdW5jZXJ0YWludHkiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+TWFobW9vZOKAmXMgbmV3IHJ1bGVzIHdpbGwgbGVhdmUgcmVmdWdlZXMgaW4gY3J1ZWwgc3RhdGUgb2YgdW5jZXJ0YWludHk8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 8 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Scottish Refugee Council, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9zY290dGlzaHJlZnVnZWVjb3VuY2lsLm9yZy51ay9yZWZ1Z2VlLWFzeWx1bS1sYWJvdXItY2hhbmdlcy1zaGFiYW5hbWFobW9vZC8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+Q2hhcml0aWVzIHVyZ2UgVUsgZ292ZXJubWVudCB0byDigJhzdGVwIHVw4oCZIGFuZCBiZSBob25lc3QgYWJvdXQgcmVhbGl0aWVzIG9mIG1pZ3JhdGlvbjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 5 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Migreurop,&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNDgyLmh0bWwiPlJldnVlIGRlIHByZXNzZSBvY3RvYnJlIDIwMjU8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 15 novembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9lbi9wb3N0LzY4OTU2L3VrLXVzZXMtdmlzYS1yZXN0cmljdGlvbnMtdG8tcHJlc3N1cmUtYWZyaWNhbi1jb3VudHJpZXMtb24tZGVwb3J0YXRpb24tZGVhbHMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+VUsgdXNlcyB2aXNhIHJlc3RyaWN0aW9ucyB0byBwcmVzc3VyZSBBZnJpY2FuIGNvdW50cmllcyBvbiBkZXBvcnRhdGlvbiBkZWFsczwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 30 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de Migreurop, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTYwLmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyIj5BZG9wdGlvbiBkdSByw6hnbGVtZW50IGV1cm9ww6llbiAmIzE3MTsmbmJzcDtyZXRvdXImbmJzcDsmIzE4NzsmbmJzcDs6IGxhIG1pc2Ugw6AgbW9ydCBkdSBkcm9pdCBpbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 26 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Ibidem&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Notamment le &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZWVhcy5ldXJvcGEuZXUvbmlnZXIvbHVuaW9uLWV1cm9wZWVubmUtZXQtbGUtbmlnZXJfZnIiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+cGFydGVuYXJpYXQgVUUtTmlnZXI8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; de 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTE2Lmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyIj5SZXZ1ZSBkZSBwcmVzc2UgZMOpY2VtYnJlIDIwMjU8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 5 janvier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
		<enclosure url="https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/draft_revue_de_presse_mars_2026-1.pdf" length="281357" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press review february 2026 </title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3552.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3552.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-03-10T17:11:48Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Egypte</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>German</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cyprus</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Spain</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Detention</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Freedom of movement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation of borders</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Monitoring and control </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Forced returns</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Egypt InfoMigrants, 'In Egypt, arrests of African refugees are increasing as part of a widespread crackdown,' 25 February 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Egypt has launched a campaign of arrests and deportations of migrant people in an effort to halt arrivals. Nearly 5,000 migrants have been detained in police stations for reasons related solely to immigration and several human rights organisations have denounced the ill-treatment and violence suffered in these places of deprivation of liberty. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Such violence is (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot193.html" rel="tag"&gt;Egypte&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot16.html" rel="tag"&gt;German&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot45.html" rel="tag"&gt;Cyprus&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot19.html" rel="tag"&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot55.html" rel="tag"&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Detention&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot178.html" rel="tag"&gt;Freedom of movement&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation of borders&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Monitoring and control &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Forced returns&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/14-3-90e9d.png?1773162937' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Egypt&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Egypt&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisia&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Germany&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Cyrprus&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Cyrprus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Spain&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italy&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sweden&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Sweden&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;The concept of &#034;safe countries&#034;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;The concept of &#034;safe countries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;The &#034;Return Regulation&#034; proposal&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;The &#034;Return Regulation&#034; (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Egypt&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcwMDIzL2VuLWVneXB0ZS1sZXMtYXJyZXN0YXRpb25zLWRlLXJlZnVnaWVzLWFmcmljYWlucy1zZS1tdWx0aXBsaWVudC1kYW5zLXVuZS12YXN0ZS1jYW1wYWduZS1kZS1yZXByZXNzaW9uIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntJbiBFZ3lwdCwgYXJyZXN0cyBvZiBBZnJpY2FuIHJlZnVnZWVzIGFyZSBpbmNyZWFzaW5nIGFzIHBhcnQgb2YgYSB3aWRlc3ByZWFkIGNyYWNrZG93bn08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;,' 25 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Egypt has launched a campaign of arrests and deportations of migrant people in an effort to halt arrivals. Nearly 5,000 migrants have been detained in police stations for reasons related solely to immigration and several human rights organisations have denounced the ill-treatment and violence suffered in these places of deprivation of liberty.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Such violence is not unprecedented in Egypt, which systematically flouts its international responsibilities in terms of reception and protection (it has ratified the Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees): arbitrary detention&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Amnesty International's press release '', 16 February 2025.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; of migrants and refoulement are common practice. Yet, the European Union and its Member States have continued to strengthen their relations with Egypt since the early 2000s. The EU-Egypt partnership concluded in March 2025, which includes 'cooperation on migration and mobility'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, EuroNews, Cairo&#8221;, 22 October 2025.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , and the recent approval of two texts on the concept of 'safe countries'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular: Amnesty International, ',' 11 February 2026.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, consolidate the attempt to relocate the violation of fundamental rights to a 'third' country. Through this deadly security cooperation, the EU is indirectly responsible for these violations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZnJhbmNlMjQuY29tL2ZyL2FmcmlxdWUvMjAyNjAyMDMtdHVuaXNpZS1taWdyYW50cy1jYW1wLXNmYXgtYXV0b3JpdGVzLWZvcmNlci1yZXRvdXJzLXZvbG9udGFpcmVzIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnsmIzgyMTc7VHVuaXNpYTogYXV0aG9yaXRpZXMgYWNjdXNlZCBvZiBmb3JjaW5nICYjODIxNzt2b2x1bnRhcnkmIzgyMTc7IHJldHVybnMgb2YgbWlncmFudHN9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 3 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since early 2026, the El Amra and Jebeniana camps in Tunisia have been the target of repeated police operations to dismantle them. The aim of these destruction, confiscations and thefts is to push sub-Saharan migrant people into 'voluntary return' to their countries of origin. Normally managed by the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), these returns are also organised and promoted in an opaque and informal manner via WhatsApp groups, probably in conjunction with the Tunisian authorities.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So-called 'voluntary' return is not a free choice in Tunisia, but the only choice possible in the absence of safe alternatives, effectively turning it into a disguised expulsion and thus an instrument of fundamental rights violations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard the collective action, ',' 1 April 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh7-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Police operations, arbitrary detentions, refoulements or expulsions via 'voluntary returns' suffered by migrants, as well as growing racism in Tunisia, make the country a notoriously unsafe place for people on the move&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard the EuroMed Rights network fact sheet, , 20 June 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh7-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Yet the EU and its Member States continue to entrust Tunisia with the management of migration to Europe through the 2023 Memorandum of Understanding between Tunisia and the EU, which was strongly supported by the Italian government&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Plein Droit No. 125 by Gisti, ',' June 2020; Lawyers (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, and the 'safe countries' legislation approved by the European Parliament in February 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Germany&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Politico, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucG9saXRpY28uZXUvYXJ0aWNsZS9iZXJsaW4tZ2VybWFueS1leHRlbmQtYmVlZmVkLXVwLWJvcmRlci1jaGVjay8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+eyBCZXJsaW4gdG8gZXh0ZW5kIGJlZWZlZC11cCBib3JkZXIgY2hlY2tzfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 16 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Germany will extend internal border controls, reintroduced in September 2024 and presented as an important part of the country's migration policy strategy, until September 2026.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;While free movement is the founding principle of the Schengen area, since 2024 the Schengen Borders Code (SBC) has allowed for the temporary reintroduction of internal controls for a maximum period of six months, except in cases of serious threats to public order or national security, which would justify an extension of up to two years&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Regulation (EU), Schengen Borders Code.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Since then, ten states have reintroduced border controls: France (which had already reintroduced such controls de facto since 2015), Poland, Sweden, Austria, Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Italy, Germany and Slovenia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With the arrival of Friedrich Merz in government and the adoption of a more repressive migration policy, Germany's borders are becoming increasingly militarised and several cases of returns to countries such as Afghanistan and Pakistan have been documented. Despite the rulings of national courts&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, Euractiv, '', 2 June 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh7-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; and reports by human rights organisations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard the 2024 reports by and on the human rights situation (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , the government has not changed its approach, citing the need to 'contain threats to order and security' posed by so-called 'uncontrolled' immigration&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See InfoMigrants, ' ', 17 February 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh7-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Germany thus establishes a causal link between migration and crime, even though no direct correlation between the two has been proven. It is more likely to be a biased perception, which can be explained, for example, by the over-representation of migrants in certain official statistics and the greater media visibility of offences committed by migrants compared to those committed by nationals&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Centre d'&#233;tudes prospectives et d'informations (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Nevertheless, this correlation is regularly exploited in the public debate to justify serious violations of the rights of migrant people, such as refoulement and racial profiling.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcwMDkxL2xhbGxlbWFnbmUtZXhwdWxzZS0yMC1jcmltaW5lbHMtYWZnaGFucy12ZXJzLWthYm91bCIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57R2VybWFueSBkZXBvcnRzIDIwIEFmZ2hhbiBjcmltaW5hbHMgdG8gS2FidWx9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;,' 27 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 26 February, Germany directly deported 20 Afghan nationals who had been convicted by the courts to Afghanistan. In 2024, Olaf Scholz's government had already deported convicted Afghan nationals, but via Qatar, which was responsible for organising their return to Kabul. This is the first time since the Taliban took power in 2021 that an EU member state has carried out a direct deportation to Afghanistan, via an agreement reached in 2025 between the German government and the Taliban.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This informal agreement violates the principle of non-refoulement and sets a dangerous precedent. It is part of a broader attempt by several European states to push the EU to coordinate a strategy of direct deportations to Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, EuroNews, ' ', 18 October 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh7-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . This attempt may well succeed, as the European Commission began negotiations with the Taliban a few months ago on 'returns'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, InfoMigrants, ',' 21 October 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh7-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . These practices risk normalising relations with a country that the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights has described as a 'graveyard for human rights'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cyrprus&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9lbi9odHRwczovd3d3LmluZm9taWdyYW50cy5uZXQvZW4vcG9zdC82OTg3NC9jeXBydXMtaW50ZW5zaWZpZXMtbWlncmF0aW9uLWVuZm9yY2VtZW50LW9wZXJhdGlvbnMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e0N5cHJ1cyBpbnRlbnNpZmllcyBtaWdyYXRpb24gZW5mb3JjZW1lbnQgb3BlcmF0aW9uc308L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 17 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since mid-December, police operations in Cyprus aimed at detecting migrants without the right to stay have intensified. According to the authorities, 160 people have been deported and 480 have made so-called 'voluntary' returns.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cyprus currently holds the six-month presidency of the Council of the EU and its current priority is to demonstrate its performance in border management. This policy is part of its bid to join the Schengen area, scheduled for later in 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cyprus has already been accused and found guilty of violating the rights of migrant people on several occasions (notably the refoulement of Syrian asylum seekers&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop, ',' 1 April 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh7-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ), but these decisions have had no effect: on the contrary, the southern part of the island continues to benefit from EU support for its migration policies that violate rights&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the for migration management in Cyprus&#034; id=&#034;nh7-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spain&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Telquel Maroc, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly90ZWxxdWVsLm1hL2luc3RhbnQtdC8yMDI2LzAyLzA0L3N1ci1jbm4tcGVkcm8tc2FuY2hlei1zYWx1ZS1sZWZmaWNhY2l0ZS1kZS1sYS1jb29wZXJhdGlvbi1taWdyYXRvaXJlLWF2ZWMtbGUtbWFyb2NfMTk3MzkwNy8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+eyYjODIxNztPbiBDTk4sIFBlZHJvIFPDoW5jaGV6IHByYWlzZXMgdGhlIGVmZmVjdGl2ZW5lc3Mgb2YgbWlncmF0aW9uIGNvb3BlcmF0aW9uIHdpdGggTW9yb2Njb308L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;,' 4 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Spanish Prime Minister Pedro S&#225;nchez said in an interview with CNN that cooperation with Morocco has significantly reduced so-called 'irregular' immigration to Spain, describing this bilateral partnership as essential for managing migration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This statement comes after the announced regularisation of 500,000 migrant people in Spain and S&#225;nchez's explicit opposition to the creation of 'return centres' outside European borders for rejected asylum seekers&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop, ',' 29 January 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh7-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In reality, however, Spain systematically outsources the management of its borders, entrusting it in particular to Morocco and Mauritania&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See InfoMigrants, ',' 5 January 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh7-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Acting in line with the EU and its Member States, Spain bears responsibility for human rights violations against migrant people in these countries, which have been widely documented in several reports&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject: Human Rights Watch, '', 27 August 2025; ASGI '', 14 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il Post, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaWxwb3N0Lml0LzIwMjYvMDIvMTEvZ292ZXJuby1hcHByb3ZhLWRkbC1hY2NvZ2xpZW56YS1taWdyYW50aS8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+eyBJbCBnb3Zlcm5vIGhhIGFwcHJvdmF0byB1biBkaXNlZ25vIGRpIGxlZ2dlIGNoZSBsaW1pdGEgbCYjODIxNzthY2NvZ2xpZW56YSBkZWkgbWlncmFudGl9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 11 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Internazionale, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW50ZXJuYXppb25hbGUuaXQvbm90aXppZS9hbm5hbGlzYS1jYW1pbGxpLzIwMjYvMDIvMTcvYmxvY2NvLW5hdmFsZS1pbW1pZ3JhemlvbmUiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+eyBJbCBibG9jY28gbmF2YWxlIGNoZSBub24gw6ggdW4gYmxvY2NvIG5hdmFsZX08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 17 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 11 February, the Italian government approved a draft immigration bill introducing new restrictive measures in advance of the European Union's Pact on Migration and Asylum. Among other things, the text provides for a 'naval blockade' of up to six months for vaguely defined security reasons, with heavy fines and confiscation of the vessel in the event of non-compliance with the ban on navigation in Italian territorial waters. Furthermore, migrants on board may be transferred to so-called third countries other than their countries of origin, with which Italy has concluded formal or informal agreements. Other measures include facilitated expulsion procedures, stricter criteria for family reunification and subsidiary protection, and a reduction in the guarantees granted to unaccompanied minors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This bill contravenes international obligations on asylum and rescue at sea, and risks leading to collective refoulement at borders and on the high seas. In the wake of recent European legislation on the concept of 'safe countries', this bill exposes migrant people to serious human rights violations, particularly with regard to the individual examination of their asylum applications. Supported by the European Union, the Italian government continues to shirk its responsibilities in terms of reception and protection, and to systematically criminalise migrants and solidarity organisations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the joint statement against the draft law on the SOS M&#233;diterran&#233;e (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sweden&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzY5OTU5L2EtMTgtYW5zLWlscy1wZXJkZW50LWxlLWRyb2l0LWRlLXJlc3Rlci1kYW5zLWxlLXBheXMtLXZpdmUtZW1vdGlvbi1lbi1zdWVkZS1hdXRvdXItZGVzLWV4cHVsc2lvbnMtZGFkb2xlc2NlbnRzLWV0cmFuZ2VycyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57QXQgMTgsIHRoZXkgbG9zZSB0aGUgcmlnaHQgdG8gc3RheSBpbiB0aGUgY291bnRyeSYjODIxNzs6IHN0cm9uZyBlbW90aW9ucyBpbiBTd2VkZW4gb3ZlciB0aGUgZGVwb3J0YXRpb24gb2YgZm9yZWlnbiB0ZWVuYWdlcnN9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 20 February 2026 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In Sweden, many young migrant people are deported after reaching the age of majority. A reform adopted in 2016 stipulates that young people who reach the age of 18 before obtaining permanent resident status are no longer considered part of their parents' family unit. They are therefore no longer eligible for family reunification and are deprived of the right to stay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cases of deportation of these young people to their 'countries of origin', with which they have little or no actual connection, are on the rise in the current context of Sweden's increasingly harsh migration policies&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the sections on Sweden in Migreurop, ',' 1 January 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh7-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . It is becoming increasingly difficult for minors to obtain permanent resident status: family reunification applications are often processed with delays that result in some young people losing their protection&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the Human Rights Watch press release on this subject, '', 19 February 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh7-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Guarantees for families are being weakened, and Sweden is flouting its international obligations to respect private and family life and the best interests of the child.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlZ3VhcmRpYW4uY29tL3BvbGl0aWNzLzIwMjYvZmViLzA1L2hvbWUtb2ZmaWNlLTYwMDAwLWRlcG9ydGVkLXJlbW92ZWQtc2luY2UtMjAyNC1lbGVjdGlvbi1taWdyYXRpb24iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+eyBIb21lIE9mZmljZSBzYXlzIG5lYXJseSA2MCwwMDAgcGVvcGxlIGRlcG9ydGVkIGZyb20gVUsgb3IgbGVmdCB2b2x1bnRhcmlseSBzaW5jZSAyMDI0IGVsZWN0aW9ufTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 5 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The UK government claims to have deported 60,000 criminals and migrants without the right to remain since Labour came to power (July 2024). According to some, the recent increase in deportations is the result of a desperate attempt to counter the far right (Reform UK is ahead of Labour in recent polls) through populist and criminalising rhetoric. In the wake of this, the United Kingdom has announced on several occasions its intention to introduce measures into its legislation aimed at limiting appeals against deportations by circumventing the application of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). In particular, this would be done through laws aimed at restricting the interpretation of Articles 3 (prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment) - which, however, allows for no exceptions&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;G&#228;fgen v. Germany [GC], no.%7D] , &#167; 107, ECHR 2010&#034; id=&#034;nh7-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; - and 8 (right to respect for private and family life).&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See The Guardian, &#8220;What does the UK want to change about human rights law &#8211; (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;However, these laws are not included among the asylum reform measures that (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The country is among those that signed an open letter in 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, the joint statement by 27 European countries calling for (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; calling for a more restrictive interpretation of these two articles, which could allow the expulsion of migrant people even in cases of dangerous returns&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard The Guardian, ' ,' 10 December 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh7-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The United Kingdom thus joins the ranks of states that are challenging international law or seeking to adapt it to subordinate it to the dominant anti-migration ideology.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The concept of &#034;safe countries&#034;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGVtb25kZS5mci9pbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsL2FydGljbGUvMjAyNi8wMi8xMC9sZS1wYXJsZW1lbnQtZXVyb3BlZW4tYWRvcHRlLWRlZmluaXRpdmVtZW50LWRldXgtdGV4dGVzLWNsZXMtcG91ci1kdXJjaXItbGEtcG9saXRpcXVlLW1pZ3JhdG9pcmVfNjY2NjE1NF8zMjEwLmh0bWwiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e0V1cm9wZWFuIFBhcmxpYW1lbnQgYWRvcHRzIHR3byBrZXkgdGV4dHMgdG8gdGlnaHRlbiB9e21pZ3JhdGlvbiBwb2xpY3l9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;,' 10 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 10 February, the European Parliament adopted two texts on the concept of 'safe countries', thanks to an alliance between the right and the far right. The first establishes a common list of countries of origin considered 'safe', including Tunisia, Morocco, Colombia, Kosovo, Egypt, India and Bangladesh. Member States will have to apply accelerated procedures to examine asylum applications from nationals of these countries, on the assumption that they do not, a priori, need protection. The second text, on 'safe third countries', allows any asylum application from persons who have transited through one of these countries to be declared inadmissible and for them to be deported there.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, systematic human rights violations have been widely documented in these countries considered 'safe' by the EU&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See EuroMed Rights, ', 16 April 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh7-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Furthermore, no one can guarantee that a country is safe for all its nationals.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The EU is thus shirking its responsibilities in terms of asylum, putting in place a punitive system of mass deportations and systematising the violation of the principle of non-refoulement and the right to an individual examination of asylum applications.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The &#034;Return Regulation&#034; proposal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlZ3VhcmRpYW4uY29tL3dvcmxkLzIwMjYvZmViLzE2L2V1LWRlcG9ydGF0aW9ucy1wbGFuLWljZS1zdHlsZS1lbmZvcmNlbWVudC1yaWdodHMtZ3JvdXBzLXdhcm4iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e0VVJiM4MjE3O3MgZGVwb3J0YXRpb25zIHBsYW4gcmlza3MgSUNFLXN0eWxlIGVuZm9yY2VtZW50LCByaWdodHMgZ3JvdXBzIHdhcm59PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 16 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The EU is currently negotiating the 'Return Regulation', which aims to replace the 2008 Return Directive, the framework for detention and deportation within the EU, and which would, among other things, extend and normalise raids and surveillance measures in Member States. Member States would be required to 'detect' persons without the right to stay , thereby transforming everyday spaces and public services into tools of control, similar toBrigitte Espuche2026-03-09T11:23:00BEexplain what it is&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ICE in the United States (Immigration and Customs Enforcement)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;ICE: US agency responsible for immigration and customs enforcement, known (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;More than 80 associations have signed a statement warning that this regulation 'would consolidate a punitive system, fuelled by far-right rhetoric and based on racialised suspicion, denunciation, detention and deportation'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the joint statement on the PICUM website, profiling&#8221;, 11 February 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh7-29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The draft Return Regulation stems from a proposal by the European Commission in March 2025. It was approved in a more repressive version on 9 March by the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE), at the instigation of an alliance between the right and the far right and will be voted on in plenary in the coming days. The proposed measures include expanding coercive measures, facilitating forced expulsions and legalising outsourcing practices. This is yet another attack on the rights of migrant people and the European democratic order.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See Amnesty International's press release '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1uZXN0eS5mci9jb21tdW5pcXVlcy9lZ3lwdGUtZGVzLXBlcnNvbm5lcy1yZWZ1Z2llZXMtdml2ZW50LWNhY2hlZXMtZW4tcmFpc29uLWRlcy1hcnJlc3RhdGlvbnMtYXJiaXRyYWlyZXMtZXQtZGVzLWV4cHVsc2lvbnMtaWxsZWdhbGVzLW1lbmVlcy1kYW5zLXVuLWNvbnRleHRlLWRlLXJlcHJlc3Npb24vIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkVneXB0OiBSZWZ1Z2VlcyBmb3JjZWQgaW50byBoaWRpbmcgZHVlIHRvIGFyYml0cmFyeSBhcnJlc3RzIGFuZCBpbGxlZ2FsIGRlcG9ydGF0aW9ucyBhbWlkIGNyYWNrZG93bjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;', 16 February 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, EuroNews, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9mci5ldXJvbmV3cy5jb20vbXktZXVyb3BlLzIwMjUvMTAvMjIvYnJ1eGVsbGVzLXZhLWFubm9uY2VyLXVuZS1haWRlLWZpbmFuY2llcmUtZGUtNzUtbWlsbGlvbnMtZGV1cm9zLWF1LWNhaXJlIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAnEJydXNzZWxzIHRvIGFubm91bmNlIOKCrDc1IG1pbGxpb24gaW4gZmluYW5jaWFsIGFpZCB0bzwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Cairo&#8221;, 22 October 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in particular: Amnesty International, '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1uZXN0eS5mci9jb21tdW5pcXVlcy91bmlvbi1ldXJvcGVlbm5lLWxhZG9wdGlvbi1kZS1yZWdsZXMtc3VyLWxlcy1wYXlzLXN1cnMtZXN0LXVuZS1ub3V2ZWxsZS1hdHRhcXVlLWNvbnRyZS1sZS1kcm9pdC1kYXNpbGUvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkV1cm9wZWFuIFVuaW9uOiBBZG9wdGlvbiBvZiBzYWZlIGNvdW50cnkgcnVsZXMgaXMgYSBuZXcgYXR0YWNrIG9uIHRoZSByaWdodCB0byBhc3lsdW08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;,' 11 February 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in this regard the collective action, '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzMzk1Lmh0bWwiPk1hbmlmZXN0by4gVm9sdW50YXJ5IGh1bWFuaXRhcmlhbiByZWZ1c2FsOiBhIGNob2ljZSB5b3UgY2Fubm90IHJlZnVzZTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;,' 1 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in this regard the EuroMed Rights network fact sheet, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL0lNRy9wZGYvdHVuaXNpYS1pbmZvc2hlZXQtZnIucGRmIj4mIzgyMTc7U2FmZSBvbiBwYXBlciwgZGFuZ2Vyb3VzIGluIHJlYWxpdHk6IFR1bmlzaWEgYW5kIHRoZSBFVSYjODIxNztzIHJldHVybiBwb2xpY3k8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL0lNRy9wZGYvdHVuaXNpYS1pbmZvc2hlZXQtZnIucGRmIj4mIzgyMTc7PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 20 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in particular Plein Droit No. 125 by Gisti, '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ2lzdGkub3JnL3NwaXAucGhwP2FydGljbGU2NDY4IiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPlR1bmlzaWEsIGEgbGFuZCBvZiB3ZWxjb21lLi4uIGZvciBFdXJvcGVhbiBwb2xpY2llczwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;,' June 2020; Lawyers Without Borders '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9hc2YuYmUvd3AtY29udGVudC91cGxvYWRzLzIwMjUvMTIvQVNGX0l0YWxpZS1UdW5pc2llX0ZSLnBkZiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5JdGFseS1UdW5pc2lhIG1pZ3JhdGlvbiBhZ3JlZW1lbnRzOiBodW1hbiBjb3N0cyBhbmQgc2VjdXJpdHkgYWJ1c2VzPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;,' report, 11 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Regulation (EU)&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ldXItbGV4LmV1cm9wYS5ldS9lbGkvcmVnLzIwMTYvMzk5L29qP2xvY2FsZT1mciIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj4yMDE2LzM5OTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, Schengen Borders Code.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, Euractiv, '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ldXJhY3Rpdi5mci9uZXdzL2FsbGVtYWduZS11bi10cmlidW5hbC1qdWdlLWlsbGVnYXV4LWxlcy1yZWZvdWxlbWVudHMtZGUtZGVtYW5kZXVycy1kYXNpbGUtYS1sYS1mcm9udGllcmUvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkdlcm1hbnk6IGNvdXJ0IHJ1bGVzIHRoYXQgdHVybmluZyBhd2F5IGFzeWx1bSBzZWVrZXJzIGF0IHRoZSBib3JkZXIgaXMgaWxsZWdhbDwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;', 2 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in this regard the 2024 reports by &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1uZXN0eS5vcmcvZW4vbG9jYXRpb24vZXVyb3BlLWFuZC1jZW50cmFsLWFzaWEvd2VzdGVybi1jZW50cmFsLWFuZC1zb3V0aC1lYXN0ZXJuLWV1cm9wZS9nZXJtYW55LyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5BbW5lc3R5IEludGVybmF0aW9uYWw8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaHJ3Lm9yZy93b3JsZC1yZXBvcnQvMjAyNS9jb3VudHJ5LWNoYXB0ZXJzL2dlcm1hbnkiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+SHVtYW4gUmlnaHRzIFdhdGNoPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; on the human rights situation in Germany&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See InfoMigrants, '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9lbi9wb3N0LzY5ODgzL2dlcm1hbnktdG8tZXh0ZW5kLWJvcmRlci1jaGVja3MtYnktc2l4LW1vbnRocyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5HZXJtYW55IHRvIGV4dGVuZCBib3JkZXIgY2hlY2tzIGJ5IHNpeCBtb250aHM8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; ', 17 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in particular Centre d'&#233;tudes prospectives et d'informations internationales (CEPII), '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY2VwaWkuZnIvUERGX1BVQi9sZXR0cmUvMjAyMy9sZXQ0MzYucGRmIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkltbWlncmF0aW9uIGFuZCBjcmltZTogcmVhbGl0aWVzIGFuZCBwZXJjZXB0aW9uczwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;,' April 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, EuroNews, '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZXVyb25ld3MuY29tL215LWV1cm9wZS8yMDI1LzEwLzE4L25pbmV0ZWVuLWV1LWNvdW50cmllcy1hbmQtbm9yd2F5LWRlbWFuZC1tZWFzdXJlcy10by1yZXR1cm4tYWZnaGFucy1laXRoZXItdm9sdW50YXJpbHktb3ItZiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5OaW5ldGVlbiBFVSBjb3VudHJpZXMgYW5kIE5vcndheSBkZW1hbmQgbWVhc3VyZXMgdG8gcmV0dXJuIEFmZ2hhbnMgZWl0aGVyIHZvbHVudGFyaWx5IG9yIGZvcmNpYmx5PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; ', 18 October 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, InfoMigrants, '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzY3NjM1L2V4cHVsc2lvbnMtZGFmZ2hhbnMtZGVwdWlzLWx1ZS0tbGEtY29tbWlzc2lvbi1ldXJvcGVlbm5lLWFubm9uY2UtZGlzY3V0ZXItYXZlYy1sZXMtdGFsaWJhbiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5FeHB1bHNpb25zIG9mIEFmZ2hhbnMgZnJvbSB0aGUgRVU6IHRoZSBFdXJvcGVhbiBDb21taXNzaW9uIGFubm91bmNlcyB0YWxrcyB3aXRoIHRoZSBUYWxpYmFuPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;,' 21 October 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop, '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNDAyLmh0bWwiPlByZXNzIHJldmlldyBmb3IgTWFyY2ggMjAyNTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;,' 1 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in particular the &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ob21lLWFmZmFpcnMuZWMuZXVyb3BhLmV1L3BvbGljaWVzL21pZ3JhdGlvbi1hbmQtYXN5bHVtL21pZ3JhdGlvbi1tYW5hZ2VtZW50L21pZ3JhdGlvbi1tYW5hZ2VtZW50LWN5cHJ1cy9maW5hbmNpYWwtc3VwcG9ydC1ldV9lbiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5FVSYjODIxNztzIGZpbmFuY2lhbCBzdXBwb3J0IHByb2dyYW1tZXM8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; for migration management in Cyprus&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop, '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTM2Lmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyIj5QcmVzcyByZXZpZXcgZm9yIEphbnVhcnkgMjAyNjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;,' 29 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See InfoMigrants, '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzY5MDI4L3JvdXRlLWRlcy1jYW5hcmllcy0tY2h1dGUtZGUtcGx1cy1kZS02MC1kZXMtYXJyaXZlZXMtZGUtbWlncmFudHMtZGFucy1sYXJjaGlwZWwtZXNwYWdub2wtZW4tMjAyNSIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5DYW5hcnkgSXNsYW5kcyByb3V0ZTogbW9yZSB0aGFuIDYwJSBkcm9wIGluIG1pZ3JhbnQgYXJyaXZhbHMgaW4gdGhlIFNwYW5pc2ggYXJjaGlwZWxhZ28gaW4gMjAyNTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;,' 5 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See on this subject: Human Rights Watch, '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaHJ3Lm9yZy9mci9uZXdzLzIwMjUvMDgvMjcvbWF1cml0YW5pZS1kZXMtYW5uZWVzLWRhYnVzLWxpZXMtYXV4LWNvbnRyb2xlcy1kZXMtbWlncmF0aW9ucyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5NYXVyaXRhbmlhOiBZZWFycyBvZiBBYnVzZSBMaW5rZWQgdG8gTWlncmF0aW9uIENvbnRyb2xzPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;', 27 August 2025; ASGI '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYXNnaS5pdC9lbi9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9tb3JvY2NvLWJvcmRlci1wb2xpY2llcy1hdC10aGUtcm9vdC1vZi1mb3JjZWQtZGlzYXBwZWFyYW5jZXMtYW5kLWh1bWFuLXJpZ2h0cy12aW9sYXRpb25zLyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5Nb3JvY2NvOiBCb3JkZXIgcG9saWNpZXMgYXQgdGhlIHJvb3Qgb2YgZm9yY2VkIGRpc2FwcGVhcmFuY2VzIGFuZCBodW1hbiByaWdodHMgdmlvbGF0aW9uczwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;', 14 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See the joint statement against the draft law on the SOS M&#233;diterran&#233;e website, '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9zb3NtZWRpdGVycmFuZWUuZnIvY29tbXVuaXF1ZXMtZXQtZGVjbGFyYXRpb25zL2RlY2xhcmF0aW9uLWNvbW11bmUtcGF5cy1kaXRzLXN1cnMtZXQtYmxvY3VzLW5hdmFsLWxlLWdvdXZlcm5lbWVudC1pdGFsaWVuLXNhdHRhcXVlLWF1eC1vbmctZGUtc2F1dmV0YWdlLWVuLW1lci8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+U28tY2FsbGVkICYjODIxNztzYWZlJiM4MjE3OyBjb3VudHJpZXMgYW5kICYjODIxNztuYXZhbCBibG9ja2FkZSYjODIxNzs6IHRoZSBJdGFsaWFuIGdvdmVybm1lbnQgYXR0YWNrcyBzZWEgcmVzY3VlIE5HT3MgYW5kIHRoZSByaWdodHMgb2YgbWlncmFudHM8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;,' 12 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See the sections on Sweden in Migreurop, '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTMxLmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyIj5QcmVzcyByZXZpZXcgMjAyNTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;,' 1 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See the Human Rights Watch press release on this subject, '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaHJ3Lm9yZy9uZXdzLzIwMjYvMDIvMTkvc3dlZGVuLWRlcG9ydGluZy15b3VuZy1wZW9wbGUiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+U3dlZGVuIERlcG9ydGluZyBZb3VuZyBQZW9wbGU8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;', 19 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;G&#228;fgen v. Germany [GC], no.&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9odWRvYy5lY2hyLmNvZS5pbnQvZW5nIyU3QiUyMmFwcG5vJTIyOlslMjIyMjk3OC8wNSUyMiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj4yMjk3OC8wNTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;%7D] , &#167; 107, ECHR 2010&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See The Guardian, &#8220;What does the UK want to change about human rights law &#8211; and will it happen?&#8221;, 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;However, these laws are not included among the asylum reform measures that came into force at the beginning of March&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, the joint statement by 27 European countries calling for a more restrictive interpretation of Articles 3 and 8 of the ECHR, '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ292LnVrL2dvdmVybm1lbnQvbmV3cy9qb2ludC1zdGF0ZW1lbnQtdG8tdGhlLWNvbmZlcmVuY2Utb2YtbWluaXN0ZXJzLW9mLWp1c3RpY2Utb2YtdGhlLWNvdW5jaWwtb2YtZXVyb3BlIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkpvaW50IFN0YXRlbWVudCB0byB0aGUgQ29uZmVyZW5jZSBvZiBNaW5pc3RlcnMgb2YgSnVzdGljZSBvZiB0aGUgQ291bmNpbCBvZiBFdXJvcGU8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;', 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See in this regard The Guardian, '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlZ3VhcmRpYW4uY29tL3VrLW5ld3MvMjAyNS9kZWMvMTAvdWstam9pbnMtY2FsbC1mb3ItZXVyb3Blcy1odW1hbi1yaWdodHMtbGF3cy10by1iZS1jb25zdHJhaW5lZCIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5VSyBqb2lucyBjYWxsIGZvciBFdXJvcGUmIzgyMTc7cyBodW1hbiByaWdodHMgbGF3cyB0byBiZSAmIzgyMTc7Y29uc3RyYWluZWQmIzgyMTc7PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; ,' 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See EuroMed Rights, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ldXJvbWVkcmlnaHRzLm9yZy9mci9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9hcnJldGV6LWRlLWNvbnNpZGVyZXItbGVneXB0ZS1sYS10dW5pc2llLWV0LWxlLW1hcm9jLWNvbW1lLWRlcy1wYXlzLXN1cnMvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAmFN0b3AgY29uc2lkZXJpbmcgRWd5cHQsIFR1bmlzaWEgYW5kIE1vcm9jY28gYXMg4oCcc2FmZeKAnSBjb3VudHJpZXMhPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;', 16 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;ICE: US agency responsible for immigration and customs enforcement, known for its coercive practices and intimidating raids against migrants&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;See the joint statement on the PICUM website, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9waWN1bS5vcmcvYmxvZy9uby10by1ldS1sYXctZW5hYmxpbmctaG9tZS1yYWlkcy1wb2xpY2luZy1vZi1wdWJsaWMtc2VydmljZXMtYW5kLXJhY2lhbC1wcm9maWxpbmcvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAnE5vIHRvIEVVIGxhdyBlbmFibGluZyBob21lIHJhaWRzLCBwb2xpY2luZyBvZiBwdWJsaWMgc2VydmljZXMgYW5kIHJhY2lhbDwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; profiling&#8221;, 11 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
		<enclosure url="https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/press_review_february_2026.pdf" length="1463804" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Revue de presse f&#233;vrier 2026 </title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3551.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3551.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-03-10T16:28:28Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Militarisation des fronti&#232;res</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Politiques migratoires</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Renvois forc&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Surveillance et contr&#244;le</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Espagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Chypre</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Allemagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Egypte</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Libert&#233; de circulation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Egypte InfoMigrants, &#171; En &#201;gypte, les arrestations de r&#233;fugi&#233;s africains se multiplient dans une vaste campagne de r&#233;pression &#187;, le 25 f&#233;vrier 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
L'&#201;gypte a lanc&#233; une campagne d'arrestations et d'expulsions de personnes exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s, dans le but d'enrayer les arriv&#233;es. Pr&#232;s de 5 000 migrant&#183;e&#183;s ont &#233;t&#233; plac&#233;s en d&#233;tention dans les commissariats pour des raisons li&#233;e uniquement &#224; l'immigration, et plusieurs organisations de d&#233;fense des droits humains d&#233;noncent les mauvais traitements et les (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Revues de presse&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation des fronti&#232;res&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Politiques migratoires&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Renvois forc&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Surveillance et contr&#244;le&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot55.html" rel="tag"&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;Italie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot19.html" rel="tag"&gt;Espagne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot45.html" rel="tag"&gt;Chypre&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot16.html" rel="tag"&gt;Allemagne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot193.html" rel="tag"&gt;Egypte&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot178.html" rel="tag"&gt;Libert&#233; de circulation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/2-3-46e5f.png?1773160177' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Egypte&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Egypte&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Allemagne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Allemagne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Chypre&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Chypre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Espagne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Espagne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Italie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Su&#232;de&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Le concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Le concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &amp;#187&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Le R&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Le R&#232;glement &#171; retour &amp;#187&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Egypte&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcwMDIzL2VuLWVneXB0ZS1sZXMtYXJyZXN0YXRpb25zLWRlLXJlZnVnaWVzLWFmcmljYWlucy1zZS1tdWx0aXBsaWVudC1kYW5zLXVuZS12YXN0ZS1jYW1wYWduZS1kZS1yZXByZXNzaW9uIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntFbiDDiWd5cHRlLCBsZXMgYXJyZXN0YXRpb25zIGRlIHLDqWZ1Z2nDqXMgYWZyaWNhaW5zIHNlIG11bHRpcGxpZW50IGRhbnMgdW5lIHZhc3RlIGNhbXBhZ25lIGRlIHLDqXByZXNzaW9ufTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 25 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'&#201;gypte a lanc&#233; une campagne d'arrestations et d'expulsions de personnes exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s, dans le but d'enrayer les arriv&#233;es. Pr&#232;s de 5 000 migrant&#183;e&#183;s ont &#233;t&#233; plac&#233;s en d&#233;tention dans les commissariats pour des raisons li&#233;e uniquement &#224; l'immigration, et plusieurs organisations de d&#233;fense des droits humains d&#233;noncent les mauvais traitements et les violences subis dans ces lieux de privation de libert&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ces violences ne sont pas in&#233;dites en &#201;gypte, qui bafoue syst&#233;matiquement ses responsabilit&#233;s internationales en mati&#232;re d'accueil et de protection (il a ratifi&#233; la Convention de Gen&#232;ve relative au statut des r&#233;fugi&#233;s) : les d&#233;tentions arbitraires&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens le communiqu&#233; de presse de Amnesty International &#171; &#187;, 16 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; de migrant&#183;e&#183;s et refoulements y sont une pratique courante. Pourtant, l'Union europ&#233;enne et ses &#201;tats membres n'ont cess&#233; de renforcer leurs relations avec ce pays depuis le d&#233;but des ann&#233;es 2000. Le partenariat UE&#8211;&#201;gypte conclu en mars 2025, qui inclut une &#171; coop&#233;ration en mati&#232;re de migration et mobilit&#233; &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment EuroNews, &#171; &#187;, 22 octobre 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh8-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , et la r&#233;cente approbation des deux textes sur le concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment : Amnesty International, &#171; &#187; , 11 f&#233;vrier 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh8-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; consolident la tentative de d&#233;localiser la violation des droits fondamentaux vers un pays &#171; tiers &#187;. &#192; travers cette coop&#233;ration s&#233;curitaire et meurtri&#232;re, l'UE se rend indirectement responsable de ces violations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZnJhbmNlMjQuY29tL2ZyL2FmcmlxdWUvMjAyNjAyMDMtdHVuaXNpZS1taWdyYW50cy1jYW1wLXNmYXgtYXV0b3JpdGVzLWZvcmNlci1yZXRvdXJzLXZvbG9udGFpcmVzIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnsmIzE3MTsmbmJzcDtUdW5pc2llJm5ic3A7OiBsZXMgYXV0b3JpdMOpcyBhY2N1c8OpZXMgZGUgZm9yY2VyIGxlcyByZXRvdXJzICYjODIxNzt2b2xvbnRhaXJlcyYjODIxNzsgZGVzIG1pZ3JhbnRzJm5ic3A7fTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 3 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis d&#233;but 2026, les campements d'El Amra et Jebeniana, en Tunisie, font l'objet d'op&#233;rations polici&#232;res r&#233;p&#233;t&#233;es de d&#233;mant&#232;lement. L'objectif des destructions, confiscations et vols serait de pousser les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s subsaharien&#183;ne&#183;s au &#171; retour volontaire &#187; dans leurs pays d'origine. Normalement g&#233;r&#233;s par l'Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM), ces retours sont &#233;galement organis&#233;s et promus de mani&#232;re opaque et informelle via des groupes WhatsApp, probablement en lien avec les autorit&#233;s tunisiennes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le retour dit &#171; volontaire &#187; n'est pas un choix libre en Tunisie, mais le seul choix possible en l'absence d'alternatives s&#251;res, se transformant de fait en expulsion d&#233;guis&#233;e et donc en un instrument de violation des droits fondamentaux&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens l'action collective, &#171; &#187;, 1 avril 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh8-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les op&#233;rations polici&#232;res, les d&#233;tentions arbitraires, les refoulements ou les expulsions via les &#171; retours volontaires &#187; subis par les migrant&#183;e&#183;s, ainsi que le racisme croissant en Tunisie, font du pays un lieu notoirement non s&#251;r pour les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens la fiche d'information du r&#233;seau EuroMed Droits, , 20 juin 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh8-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Pourtant, l'UE et ses &#201;tats membres continuent &#224; lui confier la gestion des mouvements migratoires vers l'Europe via le m&#233;morandum d'entente conclu en 2023 entre la Tunisie et l'UE, largement soutenu par le gouvernement italien&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Plein Droit n&#176; 125 du Gisti, &#171; &#187;, juin 2020 ; Avocats Sans (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, ou les textes sur les &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187; approuv&#233;s par le Parlement Europ&#233;en en f&#233;vrier 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Allemagne&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;i&gt;Politico, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucG9saXRpY28uZXUvYXJ0aWNsZS9iZXJsaW4tZ2VybWFueS1leHRlbmQtYmVlZmVkLXVwLWJvcmRlci1jaGVjay8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e0JlcmxpbiB0byBleHRlbmQgYmVlZmVkLXVwIGJvcmRlciBjaGVja3N9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 16 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'Allemagne prolongera jusqu'en septembre 2026 les contr&#244;les &#224; ses fronti&#232;res internes, r&#233;introduits en septembre 2024 et pr&#233;sent&#233;s comme un &#233;l&#233;ment important de la r&#233;organisation de la politique migratoire du pays.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si la libre circulation est le principe fondateur de l'espace Schengen, le Code fronti&#232;res Schengen (CFS) autorise depuis 2024 le r&#233;tablissement temporaire des contr&#244;les int&#233;rieurs pour une dur&#233;e maximale de six mois, sauf en cas de menace grave pour l'ordre public ou pour la s&#233;curit&#233; nationale, ce qui justifierait une prolongation jusqu'&#224; deux ans&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;R&#232;glement (UE) , code fronti&#232;res Schengen.&#034; id=&#034;nh8-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Depuis lors, dix &#201;tats ont r&#233;tabli des contr&#244;les aux fronti&#232;res : la France (qui avait d&#233;j&#224; r&#233;introduit de tels contr&#244;les de facto depuis 2015), la Pologne, la Su&#232;de, l'Autriche, la Norv&#232;ge, le Danemark, les Pays-Bas, l'Italie, l'Allemagne et la Slov&#233;nie.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Avec l'arriv&#233;e de Friedrich Merz au gouvernement et l'adoption d'une politique migratoire plus r&#233;pressive, les fronti&#232;res allemandes sont de plus en plus militaris&#233;es et plusieurs cas de renvois vers des pays comme l'Afghanistan ou le Pakistan ont &#233;t&#233; document&#233;s. Malgr&#233; les d&#233;cisions des tribunaux nationaux&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Euractiv, &#171; &#187;, 2 juin 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh8-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; et les signalements des organisation de d&#233;fense de droits humains&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens les Rapports 2024 de et de sur la situation des droits (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, le gouvernement n'a pas chang&#233; d'approche, invoquant la n&#233;cessit&#233; de &#171; contenir les menaces &#224; l'ordre et &#224; la s&#233;curit&#233; &#187; repr&#233;sent&#233;es par une immigration dite &#171; incontr&#244;l&#233;e &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir InfoMigrants, &#171; &#187;, 17 f&#233;vrier 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh8-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. L'Allemagne &#233;tablit ainsi un lien de causalit&#233; entre migration et criminalit&#233;, alors qu'aucune corr&#233;lation directe entre les deux n'a pu &#234;tre prouv&#233;e. Il s'agirait plut&#244;t d'une perception biais&#233;e, qui s'expliquerait par exemple par la surrepr&#233;sentation des migrant&#183;e&#183;s dans certaines statistiques officielles et une plus grande visibilit&#233; m&#233;diatique des infractions commises par le migrant&#183;e&#183;s par rapport &#224; celles commises par les nationaux&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Centre d'&#233;tudes prospectives et d'informations (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Cette corr&#233;lation est n&#233;anmoins r&#233;guli&#232;rement instrumentalis&#233;e dans le d&#233;bat public pour justifier de graves atteintes aux droits des personnes exil&#233;es, telles que refoulements et discrimination au faci&#232;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzcwMDkxL2xhbGxlbWFnbmUtZXhwdWxzZS0yMC1jcmltaW5lbHMtYWZnaGFucy12ZXJzLWthYm91bCIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57TOKAmUFsbGVtYWduZSBleHB1bHNlIDIwIGNyaW1pbmVscyBhZmdoYW5zIHZlcnMgS2Fib3VsJm5ic3A7fTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 27 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 26 f&#233;vrier, l'Allemagne a proc&#233;d&#233; a une expulsion directe vers l'Afghanistan de 20 ressortissants afghans ayant &#233;t&#233; condamn&#233;s par la justice. En 2024, le gouvernement d'Olaf Scholz avait d&#233;j&#224; expuls&#233; des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s afghan&#183;e&#183;s condamn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s, mais via le Qatar, qui se chargeait d'organiser leur renvoi &#224; Kaboul. C'est la premi&#232;re fois, depuis la prise de pouvoir des talibans en 2021, qu'un &#201;tat membre de l'UE proc&#232;de &#224; une expulsion directe vers l'Afghanistan, via un arrangement conclu en 2025 entre le gouvernement allemand et les talibans.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cet accord informel viole le principe de non-refoulement et cr&#233;e un pr&#233;c&#233;dent dangereux. Il s'inscrit dans une tentative plus large de plusieurs &#201;tats europ&#233;ens de pousser l'UE &#224; coordonner une strat&#233;gie d'expulsions directes vers l'Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment EuroNews, &#171; &#187;, 18 octobre 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh8-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Une tentative qui pourrait bien r&#233;ussir, la Commission europ&#233;enne ayant entam&#233; depuis quelques mois des n&#233;gociations avec les talibans en mati&#232;re de &#171; retours &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment InfoMigrants &#171; &#187;, 21 octobre 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh8-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Ces pratiques risquent de normaliser les relations avec un pays que le Haut-Commissariat aux droits de l'homme a qualifi&#233; de &#171; cimeti&#232;re des droits humains &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chypre&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9lbi9odHRwczovd3d3LmluZm9taWdyYW50cy5uZXQvZW4vcG9zdC82OTg3NC9jeXBydXMtaW50ZW5zaWZpZXMtbWlncmF0aW9uLWVuZm9yY2VtZW50LW9wZXJhdGlvbnMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e0N5cHJ1cyBpbnRlbnNpZmllcyBtaWdyYXRpb24gZW5mb3JjZW1lbnQgb3BlcmF0aW9uc308L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 17 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis mi-d&#233;cembre, les op&#233;rations polici&#232;res &#224; Chypre visant &#224; d&#233;tecter les migrant&#183;e&#183;s sans droit au s&#233;jour se sont intensifi&#233;es. Selon les autorit&#233;s, 160 personnes ont &#233;t&#233; expuls&#233;es et 480 ont effectu&#233; des retours dits &#171; volontaires &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chypre assure actuellement la pr&#233;sidence de six mois du Conseil de l'UE et sa priorit&#233; actuelle est de d&#233;montrer sa performance en mati&#232;re de gestion des fronti&#232;res. Cette politique s'inscrit dans le contexte de sa candidature &#224; rejoindre l'espace Schengen, pr&#233;vue plus tard en 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chypre a d&#233;j&#224; &#233;t&#233; plusieurs fois accus&#233;e et reconnue coupable de violations des droits des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s (notamment des refoulements de demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile syrien&#183;ne&#183;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir Migreurop, &#171; &#187;, 1 avril 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh8-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;), mais ces d&#233;cisions n'ont eu aucun effet : bien au contraire, la partie Sud de l'&#238;le continue de b&#233;n&#233;ficier du soutien de l'UE dans ses politiques migratoires attentatoires aux droits&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment les pour la gestion des migrations &#224; Chypre&#034; id=&#034;nh8-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Espagne&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Telquel Maroc,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly90ZWxxdWVsLm1hL2luc3RhbnQtdC8yMDI2LzAyLzA0L3N1ci1jbm4tcGVkcm8tc2FuY2hlei1zYWx1ZS1sZWZmaWNhY2l0ZS1kZS1sYS1jb29wZXJhdGlvbi1taWdyYXRvaXJlLWF2ZWMtbGUtbWFyb2NfMTk3MzkwNy8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+eyYjMTcxOyZuYnNwO1N1ciBDTk4sIFBlZHJvIFPDoW5jaGV6IHNhbHVlIGzigJllZmZpY2FjaXTDqSBkZSBsYSBjb29ww6lyYXRpb24gbWlncmF0b2lyZSBhdmVjIGxlIE1hcm9jJm5ic3A7fTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 4 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Premier ministre espagnol Pedro S&#225;nchez a d&#233;clar&#233; lors d'un entretien &#224; la CNN que la coop&#233;ration avec le Maroc a fortement r&#233;duit l'immigration dite &#171; irr&#233;guli&#232;re &#187; vers l'Espagne, qualifiant ce partenariat bilat&#233;ral essentiel pour la gestion des mouvements migratoires.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette d&#233;claration intervient apr&#232;s la r&#233;gularisation annonc&#233;e de 500 000 personnes exil&#233;es en Espagne et l'opposition explicite de S&#225;nchez &#224; la cr&#233;ation de &#171; centres de retour &#187; hors des fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes pour les demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile d&#233;bout&#233;&#183;e&#183;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir Migreurop, &#171; &#187;, 29 janvier 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh8-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans les faits pourtant, ce pays externalise syst&#233;matiquement la gestion de ses fronti&#232;res, en la confiant notamment au Maroc et &#224; la Mauritanie&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &#187;, 5 janvier 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh8-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Agissant dans le sillage de l'UE et de ses &#201;tats membres, l'Espagne porte une responsabilit&#233; dans les violations des droits humains envers les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s dans ces pays, largement document&#233;es dans plusieurs rapports&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet : Human Rights Watch, &#171; &#187;, 27 ao&#251;t 2025 ; ASGI &#171; &#187;, 14 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il Post, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaWxwb3N0Lml0LzIwMjYvMDIvMTEvZ292ZXJuby1hcHByb3ZhLWRkbC1hY2NvZ2xpZW56YS1taWdyYW50aS8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+eyZuYnNwO0lsIGdvdmVybm8gaGEgYXBwcm92YXRvIHVuIGRpc2Vnbm8gZGkgbGVnZ2UgY2hlIGxpbWl0YSBs4oCZYWNjb2dsaWVuemEgZGVpIG1pZ3JhbnRpfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 11 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Internazionale, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW50ZXJuYXppb25hbGUuaXQvbm90aXppZS9hbm5hbGlzYS1jYW1pbGxpLzIwMjYvMDIvMTcvYmxvY2NvLW5hdmFsZS1pbW1pZ3JhemlvbmUiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e0lsIGJsb2NjbyBuYXZhbGUgY2hlIG5vbiDDqCB1biBibG9jY28gbmF2YWxlJm5ic3A7fTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 17 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 11 f&#233;vrier, le gouvernement italien a approuv&#233; un projet de loi sur l'immigration introduisant de nouvelles mesures restrictives en application anticip&#233;e du Pacte de l'Union europ&#233;enne sur la migration et l'asile. Le texte pr&#233;voit, entre autres, un &#8220;blocus naval&#8221; jusqu'&#224; six mois pour de raisons de s&#233;curit&#233; d&#233;finies de mani&#232;re vague, avec des lourdes amendes et la confiscation du navire en cas de non-respect de l'interdiction de navigation dans les eaux territoriales italiennes. D'ailleurs, les migrant&#183;e&#183;s &#224; bord pourront &#234;tre transf&#233;r&#233;&#183;e&#183;s vers des pays dits tiers autres que les pays d'origine, avec lesquels l'Italie aurait conclu des accords formels ou informels. Parmi les autres mesures pr&#233;vues, figurent des proc&#233;dures d'expulsion facilit&#233;s, des crit&#232;res plus stricts en mati&#232;re de regroupement familial et de protection subsidiaire, ainsi qu'une r&#233;duction des garanties accord&#233;es aux mineur&#183;e&#183;s non accompagn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce projet de loi contrevient aux obligations internationales en mati&#232;re d'asile et de sauvetage en mer, et risque d'entra&#238;ner des refoulements collectifs aux fronti&#232;res et en haute mer. Dans le sillage des r&#233;cents textes europ&#233;ens sur le concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;, ce projet expose les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; de graves violations des droits humains, notamment quant &#224; l'examen individuel de leur demande d'asile. Soutenu par l'Union europ&#233;enne, le gouvernement italien continue de se d&#233;fausser de ses responsabilit&#233;s en mati&#232;re d'accueil et de protection, et de syst&#233;matiser la criminalisation des migrant&#183;e&#183;s et des organisations solidaires&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir sur le site de SOS M&#233;diterran&#233;e la d&#233;claration commune contre le projet (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzY5OTU5L2EtMTgtYW5zLWlscy1wZXJkZW50LWxlLWRyb2l0LWRlLXJlc3Rlci1kYW5zLWxlLXBheXMtLXZpdmUtZW1vdGlvbi1lbi1zdWVkZS1hdXRvdXItZGVzLWV4cHVsc2lvbnMtZGFkb2xlc2NlbnRzLWV0cmFuZ2VycyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57w4AgMTggYW5zLCBpbHMgcGVyZGVudCBsZSBkcm9pdCBkZSByZXN0ZXIgZGFucyBsZSBwYXlzJiM4MjE3OyZuYnNwOzogdml2ZSDDqW1vdGlvbiBlbiBTdcOoZGUgYXV0b3VyIGRlcyBleHB1bHNpb25zIGQmIzgyMTc7YWRvbGVzY2VudHMgw6l0cmFuZ2VycyZuYnNwO308L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 20 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En Su&#232;de, de nombreux&#183;se&#183;s jeunes exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s sont expuls&#233;&#183;e&#183;s apr&#232;s avoir atteint la majorit&#233;. Une r&#233;forme adopt&#233;e en 2016 pr&#233;voit que les jeunes qui atteignent l'&#226;ge de 18 ans avant d'obtenir le statut de r&#233;sident&#183;e permanent&#183;e ne sont plus consid&#233;r&#233;&#183;e&#183;s comme faisant partie de la cellule familiale de leurs parents. Ils et elles ne peuvent d&#232;s lors plus b&#233;n&#233;ficier du regroupement familial et sont priv&#233;&#183;e&#183;s du droit au s&#233;jour.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les cas d'expulsion de ces jeunes vers des pays &#171; d'origine &#187;, avec lesquels ils et elles n'ont en r&#233;alit&#233; que peu, voire aucun, lien effectif, se multiplient dans le contexte actuel du durcissement des politiques migratoire su&#233;doises&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Consulter les sections relatives &#224; la Su&#232;de dans Migreurop, &#171; &#187;, 1 janvier 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh8-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le statut de r&#233;sident&#183;e permanent&#183;e est de plus en plus difficile &#224; obtenir par les mineur&#183;e&#183;s : les dossiers de regroupement familial sont souvent trait&#233;s avec des d&#233;lais qui entra&#238;nent la perte de protection pour certains jeunes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet le communiqu&#233; de presse de Human Rights Watch, &#171; &#187;, 19 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Les garanties pour les familles sont affaiblies, et la Su&#232;de bafoue ses obligations internationales relatives au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale et de l'int&#233;r&#234;t sup&#233;rieur de l'enfant.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlZ3VhcmRpYW4uY29tL3BvbGl0aWNzLzIwMjYvZmViLzA1L2hvbWUtb2ZmaWNlLTYwMDAwLWRlcG9ydGVkLXJlbW92ZWQtc2luY2UtMjAyNC1lbGVjdGlvbi1taWdyYXRpb24iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e0hvbWUgT2ZmaWNlIHNheXMgbmVhcmx5IDYwLDAwMCBwZW9wbGUgZGVwb3J0ZWQgZnJvbSBVSyBvciBsZWZ0IHZvbHVudGFyaWx5IHNpbmNlIDIwMjQgZWxlY3Rpb259PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 5 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le gouvernement du Royaume-Uni affirme avoir expuls&#233; 60 000 criminels et migrant&#183;e&#183;s sans droit au s&#233;jour depuis l'arriv&#233;e au pouvoir des travaillistes (juillet 2024). La r&#233;cente augmentation des expulsions r&#233;sulterait, selon certain&#183;e&#183;s, d'une tentative d&#233;sesp&#233;r&#233;e de contrer l'extr&#234;me droite (Reform UK devan&#231;ant les travaillistes dans les r&#233;cents sondages), par le biais d'une rh&#233;torique populiste et criminalisante. Dans ce sillage, le Royaume-Uni a annonc&#233; plusieurs fois de vouloir introduire dans sa l&#233;gislation des mesures visant &#224; limiter les recours contre les expulsions &#224;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
travers le contournement de l'application de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme (CEDH). Notamment, via de lois visant &#224; restreindre l'interpr&#233;tation des articles&#8239;3 (interdiction des traitements inhumains ou d&#233;gradants) - qui ne souffre pourtant aucune exception&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;G&#228;fgen c. Allemagne [GC], no %7D], &#167; 107, CEDH 2010&#034; id=&#034;nh8-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; - et&#8239;8 (droit au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale).&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir The Guardian, &#171; What does UK want to change about human rights law &#8211; (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Parmi les mesures de la r&#233;forme de l'asile entr&#233;es en vigueur d&#233;but mars, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le pays figure parmi ceux ayant sign&#233; en 2025 une lettre ouverte&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; conjoint de 27 pays europ&#233;ens pour une (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; appelant &#224; une interpr&#233;tation plus restrictive de ces deux articles, ce qui pourrait permettre l'expulsion des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s m&#234;me en cas de renvois dangereux&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens The Guardian, &#171; &#187;, 10 d&#233;cembre 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh8-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le Royaume-Uni rejoint ainsi les &#201;tats qui remettent en cause le droit international, ou cherchent &#224; l'adapter pour le subordonner &#224; l'id&#233;ologie anti-migratoire dominante.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde,&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;&#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubGVtb25kZS5mci9pbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsL2FydGljbGUvMjAyNi8wMi8xMC9sZS1wYXJsZW1lbnQtZXVyb3BlZW4tYWRvcHRlLWRlZmluaXRpdmVtZW50LWRldXgtdGV4dGVzLWNsZXMtcG91ci1kdXJjaXItbGEtcG9saXRpcXVlLW1pZ3JhdG9pcmVfNjY2NjE1NF8zMjEwLmh0bWwiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e0xlIFBhcmxlbWVudCBldXJvcMOpZW4gYWRvcHRlIGTDqWZpbml0aXZlbWVudCBkZXV4IHRleHRlcy1jbMOpcyBwb3VyIGR1cmNpciBsYSB9e3BvbGl0aXF1ZSBtaWdyYXRvaXJlfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 10 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 10 f&#233;vrier, le Parlement europ&#233;en a adopt&#233; deux textes sur le concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;, gr&#226;ce &#224; une alliance de la droite et de l'extr&#234;me droite. Le premier &#233;tablit une liste commune de pays d'origine consid&#233;r&#233;s comme &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;, incluant la Tunisie, le Maroc, la Colombie, le Kosovo, l'&#201;gypte, l'Inde et le Bangladesh. Les &#201;tats membres devront appliquer des proc&#233;dures acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;es pour examiner les demandes d'asile des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s de ces pays, en partant du principe qu'ils et elles n'ont a priori pas besoin de protection. Le second texte, relatif aux &#171; pays tiers s&#251;rs &#187;, permet de d&#233;clarer irrecevable toute demande d'asile des personnes ayant transit&#233; par l'un de ces pays et de l'y expulser.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pourtant, dans ces pays consid&#233;r&#233;s comme &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; par l'UE des violations syst&#233;matiques des droits humains ont &#233;t&#233; largement document&#233;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet EuroMed Droits &#171; &#187;, 16 avril 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh8-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Par ailleurs, nul ne peut garantir qu'un pays soit s&#251;r pour l'ensemble de ses ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'UE se d&#233;fausse ainsi de ses responsabilit&#233;s en mati&#232;re d'asile, mettant en place un syst&#232;me punitif d'expulsions massives et syst&#233;matisant la violation du principe de non-refoulement et du droit &#224; un examen individuel des demandes d'asile.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=195&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le R&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlZ3VhcmRpYW4uY29tL3dvcmxkLzIwMjYvZmViLzE2L2V1LWRlcG9ydGF0aW9ucy1wbGFuLWljZS1zdHlsZS1lbmZvcmNlbWVudC1yaWdodHMtZ3JvdXBzLXdhcm4iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e0VV4oCZcyBkZXBvcnRhdGlvbnMgcGxhbiByaXNrcyBJQ0Utc3R5bGUgZW5mb3JjZW1lbnQsIHJpZ2h0cyBncm91cHMgd2Fybn08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 16 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'UE n&#233;gocie actuellement le &#171; R&#232;glement retour &#187;, qui vise &#224; remplacer la Directive retour de 2008, qui est le cadre de d&#233;tention et d'expulsion au sein de l'UE, qui viserait entre autres &#224; &#233;tendre et normaliser les rafles et les mesures de surveillance dans les &#201;tats membres. Ceux-ci seraient tenus de &#171; d&#233;tecter &#187; les personnes sans droit au s&#233;jour, transformant ainsi les espaces du quotidien et les services publics en outils de contr&#244;le, &#224; l'image de l'ICE aux &#201;tats-Unis (l&lt;i&gt;'Immigration and Customs Enforcement)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;ICE : agence am&#233;ricaine charg&#233;e de l'immigration et du contr&#244;le des douanes, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Plus de 80 associations ont sign&#233; une d&#233;claration alertant que ce r&#232;glement &#171; consoliderait un syst&#232;me punitif, aliment&#233; par la rh&#233;torique d'extr&#234;me droite et fond&#233; sur la suspicion racialis&#233;e, la d&#233;nonciation, la d&#233;tention et l'expulsion &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir sur le site de PICUM le communiqu&#233; conjoint &#171; &#187;,11 f&#233;vrier 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh8-29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le projet de R&#232;glement retour d&#233;coule d'une proposition de la Commission europ&#233;enne de mars 2025. Il a &#233;t&#233; approuv&#233; dans une version plus r&#233;pressive le 9 mars par la Commission des libert&#233;s civiles, de la justice et des affaires int&#233;rieures (LIBE) du Parlement europ&#233;en, sous l'impulsion d'une alliance entre la droite et l'extr&#234;me droite, et sera vot&#233; en pl&#233;ni&#232;re dans les prochaines jours. Parmi les mesures propos&#233;es figurent l'&#233;largissement des moyens coercitifs, la facilitation des expulsions forc&#233;es et la l&#233;galisation des pratiques d'externalisation. Une &#233;ni&#232;me atteinte aux droits des personnes exil&#233;es et &#224; l'ordre d&#233;mocratique europ&#233;en.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens le communiqu&#233; de presse de Amnesty International &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 16 f&#233;vrier 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment EuroNews, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9mci5ldXJvbmV3cy5jb20vbXktZXVyb3BlLzIwMjUvMTAvMjIvYnJ1eGVsbGVzLXZhLWFubm9uY2VyLXVuZS1haWRlLWZpbmFuY2llcmUtZGUtNzUtbWlsbGlvbnMtZGV1cm9zLWF1LWNhaXJlIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkJydXhlbGxlcyB2YSBhbm5vbmNlciB1bmUgYWlkZSBmaW5hbmNpw6hyZSBkZSA3NSBtaWxsaW9ucyBkJiM4MjE3O2V1cm9zIGF1IENhaXJlPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 22 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment : Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1uZXN0eS5mci9jb21tdW5pcXVlcy91bmlvbi1ldXJvcGVlbm5lLWxhZG9wdGlvbi1kZS1yZWdsZXMtc3VyLWxlcy1wYXlzLXN1cnMtZXN0LXVuZS1ub3V2ZWxsZS1hdHRhcXVlLWNvbnRyZS1sZS1kcm9pdC1kYXNpbGUvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPlVuaW9uIGV1cm9ww6llbm5lLiBM4oCZYWRvcHRpb24gZGUgcsOoZ2xlcyBzdXIgbGVzIHBheXMgc8O7cnMgZXN0IHVuZSBub3V2ZWxsZSBhdHRhcXVlIGNvbnRyZSBsZSBkcm9pdCBk4oCZYXNpbGU8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187; , 11 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens l'action collective, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzMzk1Lmh0bWwiPk1hbmlmZXN0by4gVm9sdW50YXJ5IGh1bWFuaXRhcmlhbiByZWZ1c2FsJm5ic3A7OiBhIGNob2ljZSB5b3UgY2Fubm90IHJlZnVzZTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 1 avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens la fiche d'information du r&#233;seau EuroMed Droits, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL0lNRy9wZGYvdHVuaXNpYS1pbmZvc2hlZXQtZnIucGRmIj4mIzE3MTsmbmJzcDtTw7tyIHN1ciBsZSBwYXBpZXIsIGRhbmdlcmV1eCBkYW5zIGxhIHLDqWFsaXTDqSZuYnNwOzogTGEgVHVuaXNpZSBldCBsYSBwb2xpdGlxdWUgZGUgcmV0b3VyIGRlIGwmIzgyMTc7VUUmbmJzcDsmIzE4Nzs8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 20 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Plein Droit n&#176; 125 du Gisti, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ2lzdGkub3JnL3NwaXAucGhwP2FydGljbGU2NDY4IiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkxhIFR1bmlzaWUsIHRlcnJlIGTigJlhY2N1ZWls4oCmIGRlcyBwb2xpdGlxdWVzIGV1cm9ww6llbm5lczwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, juin 2020 ; Avocats Sans Fronti&#232;res &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9hc2YuYmUvd3AtY29udGVudC91cGxvYWRzLzIwMjUvMTIvQVNGX0l0YWxpZS1UdW5pc2llX0ZSLnBkZiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5BY2NvcmRzIG1pZ3JhdG9pcmVzIEl0YWxpZS1UdW5pc2llJm5ic3A7OiBjb8O7dHMgaHVtYWlucyBldCBkw6lyaXZlcyBzw6ljdXJpdGFpcmVzPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, rapport, 11 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;R&#232;glement (UE) &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ldXItbGV4LmV1cm9wYS5ldS9lbGkvcmVnLzIwMTYvMzk5L29qP2xvY2FsZT1mciIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj4yMDE2LzM5OTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, code fronti&#232;res Schengen.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Euractiv, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ldXJhY3Rpdi5mci9uZXdzL2FsbGVtYWduZS11bi10cmlidW5hbC1qdWdlLWlsbGVnYXV4LWxlcy1yZWZvdWxlbWVudHMtZGUtZGVtYW5kZXVycy1kYXNpbGUtYS1sYS1mcm9udGllcmUvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkFsbGVtYWduZSZuYnNwOzogdW4gdHJpYnVuYWwganVnZSBpbGzDqWdhdXggbGVzIHJlZm91bGVtZW50cyBkZSBkZW1hbmRldXJzIGTigJlhc2lsZSDDoCBsYSBmcm9udGnDqHJlJm5ic3A7PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 2 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens les Rapports 2024 de &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1uZXN0eS5vcmcvZW4vbG9jYXRpb24vZXVyb3BlLWFuZC1jZW50cmFsLWFzaWEvd2VzdGVybi1jZW50cmFsLWFuZC1zb3V0aC1lYXN0ZXJuLWV1cm9wZS9nZXJtYW55LyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5BbW5lc3R5IEludGVybmF0aW9uYWw8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; et de &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaHJ3Lm9yZy93b3JsZC1yZXBvcnQvMjAyNS9jb3VudHJ5LWNoYXB0ZXJzL2dlcm1hbnkiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+SHVtYW4gUmlnaHRzIFdhdGNoPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; sur la situation des droits humains en Allemagne&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9lbi9wb3N0LzY5ODgzL2dlcm1hbnktdG8tZXh0ZW5kLWJvcmRlci1jaGVja3MtYnktc2l4LW1vbnRocyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj4mbmJzcDtHZXJtYW55IHRvIGV4dGVuZCBib3JkZXIgY2hlY2tzIGJ5IHNpeCBtb250aHM8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 17 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Centre d'&#233;tudes prospectives et d'informations internationales (CEPII), &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY2VwaWkuZnIvUERGX1BVQi9sZXR0cmUvMjAyMy9sZXQ0MzYucGRmIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPiZuYnNwO0ltbWlncmF0aW9uIGV0IGTDqWxpbnF1YW5jZSZuYnNwOzogcsOpYWxpdMOpcyBldCBwZXJjZXB0aW9uczwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, avril 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment EuroNews, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZXVyb25ld3MuY29tL215LWV1cm9wZS8yMDI1LzEwLzE4L25pbmV0ZWVuLWV1LWNvdW50cmllcy1hbmQtbm9yd2F5LWRlbWFuZC1tZWFzdXJlcy10by1yZXR1cm4tYWZnaGFucy1laXRoZXItdm9sdW50YXJpbHktb3ItZiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5OaW5ldGVlbiBFVSBjb3VudHJpZXMgYW5kIE5vcndheSBkZW1hbmQgbWVhc3VyZXMgdG8gcmV0dXJuIEFmZ2hhbnMgZWl0aGVyIHZvbHVudGFyaWx5IG9yIGZvcmNpYmx5Jm5ic3A7PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 18 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment InfoMigrants &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzY3NjM1L2V4cHVsc2lvbnMtZGFmZ2hhbnMtZGVwdWlzLWx1ZS0tbGEtY29tbWlzc2lvbi1ldXJvcGVlbm5lLWFubm9uY2UtZGlzY3V0ZXItYXZlYy1sZXMtdGFsaWJhbiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5FeHB1bHNpb25zIGQmIzgyMTc7QWZnaGFucyBkZXB1aXMgbCYjODIxNztVRSZuYnNwOzogbGEgQ29tbWlzc2lvbiBldXJvcMOpZW5uZSBhbm5vbmNlIGRpc2N1dGVyIGF2ZWMgbGVzIFRhbGliYW48L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 21 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir Migreurop, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNDAyLmh0bWwiPlJldnVlIGRlIFByZXNzZSBkZSBtYXJzIDIwMjUmbmJzcDs8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 1 avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment les &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ob21lLWFmZmFpcnMuZWMuZXVyb3BhLmV1L3BvbGljaWVzL21pZ3JhdGlvbi1hbmQtYXN5bHVtL21pZ3JhdGlvbi1tYW5hZ2VtZW50L21pZ3JhdGlvbi1tYW5hZ2VtZW50LWN5cHJ1cy9maW5hbmNpYWwtc3VwcG9ydC1ldV9lbiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5wcm9ncmFtbWVzIGRlIHNvdXRpZW4gZmluYW5jaWVyIGRlIGzigJlVRTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; pour la gestion des migrations &#224; Chypre&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir Migreurop, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTM2Lmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyIj5SZXZ1ZSBkZSBQcmVzc2UgZGUgamFudmllciAyMDI2PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 29 janvier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzY5MDI4L3JvdXRlLWRlcy1jYW5hcmllcy0tY2h1dGUtZGUtcGx1cy1kZS02MC1kZXMtYXJyaXZlZXMtZGUtbWlncmFudHMtZGFucy1sYXJjaGlwZWwtZXNwYWdub2wtZW4tMjAyNSIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5Sb3V0ZSBkZXMgQ2FuYXJpZXMmbmJzcDs6IGNodXRlIGRlIHBsdXMgZGUgNjAlIGRlcyBhcnJpdsOpZXMgZGUgbWlncmFudHMgZGFucyBsJiM4MjE3O2FyY2hpcGVsIGVzcGFnbm9sIGVuIDIwMjUmbmJzcDs8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 5 janvier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet : Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaHJ3Lm9yZy9mci9uZXdzLzIwMjUvMDgvMjcvbWF1cml0YW5pZS1kZXMtYW5uZWVzLWRhYnVzLWxpZXMtYXV4LWNvbnRyb2xlcy1kZXMtbWlncmF0aW9ucyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5NYXVyaXRhbmllJm5ic3A7OiBEZXMgYW5uw6llcyBk4oCZYWJ1cyBsacOpcyBhdXggY29udHLDtGxlcyBkZXMgbWlncmF0aW9uczwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 27 ao&#251;t 2025 ; ASGI &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYXNnaS5pdC9lbi9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9tb3JvY2NvLWJvcmRlci1wb2xpY2llcy1hdC10aGUtcm9vdC1vZi1mb3JjZWQtZGlzYXBwZWFyYW5jZXMtYW5kLWh1bWFuLXJpZ2h0cy12aW9sYXRpb25zLyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5Nb3JvY2NvJm5ic3A7OiBCb3JkZXIgcG9saWNpZXMgYXQgdGhlIHJvb3Qgb2YgZm9yY2VkIGRpc2FwcGVhcmFuY2VzIGFuZCBodW1hbiByaWdodHMgdmlvbGF0aW9uczwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 14 avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir sur le site de SOS M&#233;diterran&#233;e la d&#233;claration commune contre le projet de loi &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 12 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Consulter les sections relatives &#224; la Su&#232;de dans Migreurop, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzNTMxLmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyIj5SZXZ1ZSBkZSBwcmVzc2UgMjAyNTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 1 janvier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet le communiqu&#233; de presse de Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaHJ3Lm9yZy9uZXdzLzIwMjYvMDIvMTkvc3dlZGVuLWRlcG9ydGluZy15b3VuZy1wZW9wbGUiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+U3dlZGVuIERlcG9ydGluZyBZb3VuZyBQZW9wbGUmbmJzcDs8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 19 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;G&#228;fgen c. Allemagne [GC], no &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9odWRvYy5lY2hyLmNvZS5pbnQvZW5nIyU3QiUyMmFwcG5vJTIyOlslMjIyMjk3OC8wNSUyMiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj4yMjk3OC8wNTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;%7D], &#167; 107, CEDH 2010&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir The Guardian, &#171; What does UK want to change about human rights law &#8211; and will it happen ? &#187;, 10 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Parmi les mesures de la r&#233;forme de l'asile entr&#233;es en vigueur d&#233;but mars, ces lois ne figurent pourtant pas&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; conjoint de 27 pays europ&#233;ens pour une interpr&#233;tation plus restrictive des articles 3 et 8 de la CEDH, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ292LnVrL2dvdmVybm1lbnQvbmV3cy9qb2ludC1zdGF0ZW1lbnQtdG8tdGhlLWNvbmZlcmVuY2Utb2YtbWluaXN0ZXJzLW9mLWp1c3RpY2Utb2YtdGhlLWNvdW5jaWwtb2YtZXVyb3BlIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkpvaW50IFN0YXRlbWVudCB0byB0aGUgQ29uZmVyZW5jZSBvZiBNaW5pc3RlcnMgb2YgSnVzdGljZSBvZiB0aGUgQ291bmNpbCBvZiBFdXJvcGU8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 10 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens The Guardian, &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlZ3VhcmRpYW4uY29tL3VrLW5ld3MvMjAyNS9kZWMvMTAvdWstam9pbnMtY2FsbC1mb3ItZXVyb3Blcy1odW1hbi1yaWdodHMtbGF3cy10by1iZS1jb25zdHJhaW5lZCIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5VSyBqb2lucyBjYWxsIGZvciBFdXJvcGXigJlzIGh1bWFuIHJpZ2h0cyBsYXdzIHRvIGJlIOKAmGNvbnN0cmFpbmVk4oCZPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 10 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet EuroMed Droits &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ldXJvbWVkcmlnaHRzLm9yZy9mci9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9hcnJldGV6LWRlLWNvbnNpZGVyZXItbGVneXB0ZS1sYS10dW5pc2llLWV0LWxlLW1hcm9jLWNvbW1lLWRlcy1wYXlzLXN1cnMvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkFycsOqdGV6IGRlIGNvbnNpZMOpcmVyIGzigJnDiWd5cHRlLCBsYSBUdW5pc2llIGV0IGxlIE1hcm9jIGNvbW1lIGRlcyBwYXlzICYjMTcxOyZuYnNwO3PDu3JzJm5ic3A7JiMxODc7Jm5ic3A7ISZuYnNwOzwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;, 16 avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;ICE : agence am&#233;ricaine charg&#233;e de l'immigration et du contr&#244;le des douanes, connue pour ses pratiques coercitives et ses raids intimidants contre les personnes migrantes&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Voir sur le site de PICUM le communiqu&#233; conjoint &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9waWN1bS5vcmcvYmxvZy9uby10by1ldS1sYXctZW5hYmxpbmctaG9tZS1yYWlkcy1wb2xpY2luZy1vZi1wdWJsaWMtc2VydmljZXMtYW5kLXJhY2lhbC1wcm9maWxpbmcvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPk5vIHRvIEVVIGxhdyBlbmFibGluZyBob21lIHJhaWRzLCBwb2xpY2luZyBvZiBwdWJsaWMgc2VydmljZXMgYW5kIHJhY2lhbCBwcm9maWxpbmc8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &#187;,11 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
		<enclosure url="https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/revue_de_presse_fevrier_2026_-_fr_.pdf" length="290129" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="hr">
		<title>Ako si na krivoj obali, rijeke su smrtonosne</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3524.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3524.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-01-15T13:34:26Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>hr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Croatie&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Albanie&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Mort&#183;e&#183;s aux fronti&#232;res&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Enfermement&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Externalisation&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Politiques migratoires&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Surveillance et contr&#244;le&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Europski sporazum o migracijama i azilu koji je prihva&#263;en ovog prolje&#263;a mogao bi dovesti do poja&#269;anog nadzora ljudi u pokretu na Balkanu. Od prije dvadesetak godina, pa sve do danas, Europska unija i Frontex razvijaju sisteme nadzora sa smrtonosnim posljedicama. Prate&#263;i tokove rijeka koje dijele nekoliko dr&#382;ava u regiji, ovaj niz istra&#382;iva&#269;kih &#269;lanaka vodi nas izvorima kruga nasilja. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Da biste vidjeli razli&#269;ite epizode, kliknite na odgovaraju&#263;u karticu. &#10549;&#65039; Epizoda br. 1 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Na prolje&#263;e 2024. (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique482.html" rel="directory"&gt;Publications des membres&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot180.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Croatie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot31.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot182.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Albanie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot171.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Mort&#183;e&#183;s aux fronti&#232;res&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Enfermement&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Externalisation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Politiques migratoires&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Surveillance et contr&#244;le&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH84/2__una_vue_de_bihac-3-417bb.jpg?1768484207' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='84' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Europski sporazum o migracijama i azilu koji je prihva&#263;en ovog prolje&#263;a mogao bi dovesti do poja&#269;anog nadzora ljudi u pokretu na Balkanu. Od prije dvadesetak godina, pa sve do danas, Europska unija i Frontex razvijaju sisteme nadzora sa smrtonosnim posljedicama. Prate&#263;i tokove rijeka koje dijele nekoliko dr&#382;ava u regiji, ovaj niz istra&#382;iva&#269;kih &#269;lanaka vodi nas izvorima kruga nasilja.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PHNwYW4gc3R5bGU9ImJhY2tncm91bmQtY29sb3I6I0VBRUFFQzsgcGFkZGluZzowcHggMnB4OyI+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Da biste vidjeli razli&#269;ite epizode, kliknite na odgovaraju&#263;u karticu. &#10549;&#65039;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&#034;onglets_bloc_initial&#034;&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;onglets_contenu&#034;&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;cs_onglet&#034;&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iIyI+RXBpem9kYSBici4gMTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Na prolje&#263;e 2024. Morgane Dujmovi&#263;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Morgane Dujmovi&#263; je geografkinja i politologinja pri CNRS-u. Trenutno radi u (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; provodila je istra&#382;ivanje na Balkanu s jednim pitanjem: za&#353;to prelazak granica na Balkanu danas prati toliko nasilja? Ve&#263;ina izbjeglica dolazi iz Azije, Afrike i Bliskog istoka. Kao i na ostalim europskim granicama, do&#382;ivljavaju policijsko nasilje i sve vi&#353;e se suo&#269;avaju sa smrtnom opasno&#353;&#263;u.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Prva stanica u sklopu istra&#382;ivanja bio je Unsko-sanski kanton na sjeverozapadu Bosne i Hercegovine koji je za one koji poku&#353;avaju prije&#263;i granicu s Hrvatskom posljednja postaja prije Schengenskog prostora. Ovdje je opresivna atmosfera gradova na granici u kontrastu s rastu&#263;om turisti&#269;kom industrijom. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&#268;ut &#263;emo mi&#353;ljenja lokalnih stanovnika, prodava&#269;a, taksista i policajaca.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ovaj portfelj-&#269;lanak prvi je u nizu &#269;lanaka koji prati posljedice eksternalizacije europskih migracijskih politika na Balkanu na ljude u pokretu. &#268;lanak je pod nazivom &#8222;Ako si na krivoj obali, rijeke su smrtonosne&#8220; prvi put objavljen na portalima &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9ncy5tZWRpYXBhcnQuZnIvbW9yZ2FuZS1kdWptb3ZpYy9ibG9nLzIyMDgyNC9sZXMtY291cnMtZC1lYXUtc29udC1tb3J0ZWxzLXBvdXItcXVpLW4tZXN0LXBhcy1kdS1ib24tY290ZS1lcGlzb2RlLTIiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e01lZGlhcGFydH08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY291cnJpZXJkZXNiYWxrYW5zLmZyL0Jsb2ctby1MZXMtcmVzY2FwZS1lLXMtZGUtbGEtZnJvbnRpZXJlIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntMZSBDb3VycmllciBkZXMgQmFsa2Fuc308L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; i &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudmlzaW9uc2NhcnRvLm5ldC9yb3V0ZS1kZXMtYmFsa2Fucy1sZXMtcmVzY2FwZS1lcyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57dmlzaW9uY2FydG8ubmV0fTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Zahvaljujemo timu portala &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudmlzaW9uc2NhcnRvLm5ldC9yb3V0ZS1kZXMtYmFsa2Fucy1sZXMtcmVzY2FwZS1lcyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57dmlzaW9uc2NhcnRvLm5ldH08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; na lekturi i ure&#273;enju teksta, pogotovo Isabelli Saint-Saint-Sa&#235;ns na verziji na engleskom jeziku.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Epizoda br. 1: Dvije boje bosanskog prolje&#263;a&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;hr&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Od Korane do Une, turisti, lokalci i migranti&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Izme&#273;u masiva Velebita i planine Dinare koja slu&#382;i kao prirodna granica izme&#273;u Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine, nalazi se Lika, &#269;ija se visoka kr&#353;ka zaravan razabire kroz prigu&#353;eno proljetno svjetlo. Prizori &#353;tandova s medom i sirom izmjenjuju se s prizorima &#382;ivahnih stada krava i krda konja. Tu se nalazi i uto&#269;i&#353;te za ranjene medvjede u kojem rade francuski i austrijski volonteri &#8211; zaljubljenici u prirodu, a tu su i turisti koji iz cijelog svijeta hrle posjetiti slapove i jezera Nacionalnog parka Plitvice&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Diljem svijeta poznati nacionalni park, na UNESCO-ovom popisu svjetske (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Jedinu sumornu nijansu ovog krajolika sa&#269;injavaju brojne razru&#353;ene farme koje nas podsje&#263;aju na to da se ba&#353; du&#382; ovog dijela granice od 1991. do 1995. odvijala jedna od naj&#382;e&#353;&#263;ih epizoda u sukobu izme&#273;u Hrvata i Srba&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Godine 1991. nakon progla&#353;enja hrvatske nezavisnosti progla&#353;ena je Republika (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Tko bi pomislio da su sada kada vlada mir, ove visoke planine i dalje okru&#382;enje u kojem dolazi do brutalnih te ponekad smrtonosnih okr&#353;aja prsa o prsa.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dok se kre&#263;em obalom rijeke Korane, moj pogled prati obrise Dinare. Pribli&#382;avaju&#263;i se granici s Bosnom i Hercegovinom, broj vozila hrvatske grani&#269;ne policije raste kao i grani&#269;ni pregledi iz smjera Bosne i Hercegovine prema Hrvatskoj. U blizini Plitvica, policija ovla&#353; provjerava identitet putnika i pita ih kamo idu. Ponekad na komadu papira zapi&#353;u imena radi nadzora ljudi i vozila koja su ve&#263; pregled pro&#353;la: grani&#269;ni pregledi ne smiju biti prepreka ranoj turisti&#269;koj sezoni.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Penjem se na planinu i pribli&#382;avam se grani&#269;nom prijelazu izme&#273;u Li&#269;kog Petrovog Sela (Hrvatska) / Iza&#269;i&#263; (Bosna i Hercegovina). Ovdje ima mnogo vi&#353;e kombija grani&#269;ne policije; neki stoje na mjestu dok su drugi u ophodnji. Policajac patrolira u jednoj od nebrojenih zapu&#353;tenih zgrada u vlasni&#353;tvu srpskog stanovni&#353;tva koje je ovdje &#382;ivjelo prije vojne operacije Oluja, a kojom je Hrvatskoj vra&#263;eno podru&#269;je Krajine. Prema onom &#353;to vidim kroz rupe u razru&#353;enim zidovima, jasno mi je da bi to moglo biti skloni&#353;te dana&#353;njih migranata. Gledaju&#263;i razru&#353;ene zidove moglo bi se pretpostaviti da netko od ljudi u pokretu danas na tom mjestu tra&#382;i skrovi&#353;te. Me&#273;utim, posljedice ove sramotne no&#263;ne igre ma&#269;ke i mi&#353;a osje&#263;aju se tek kad se prije&#273;e bosanskohercegova&#269;ka granica.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Gejm (eng. &lt;i&gt;game&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;je cini&#269;an naziv za neprestano smi&#353;ljanje na&#269;ina kako prije&#263;i granicu i na&#263;i se u Europskoj uniji, a bosanski Unsko-sanski kanton je, nakon zatvaranja slu&#382;benog balkanskog koridora aktivnog izme&#273;u 2015. i 2016&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;O zatvaranju koridora 2016. godine, vidi primjerice i Za dubinsku analizu (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, postao pozornica gejma. Budu&#263;i da je smje&#353;tena u krajnjem sjeverozapadnom dijelu Bosne, ova regija predstavlja jednu od od naizravnijih veza izme&#273;u ju&#382;nog Balkana i Schengenskog podru&#269;ja. Od 2017. godine pa nadalje, s ja&#269;anjem kontrola na granicama izme&#273;u Srbije i Ma&#273;arske te Srbije i Hrvatske, ljudi na balkanskoj ruti se sve vi&#353;e kre&#263;u u smjeru Unsko-sanskog kantona u nadi da &#263;e tim putem sti&#263;i u Sloveniju koja se nalazi na nekih sto kilometara udaljenosti. Budu&#263;i da je Hrvatska po&#269;etkom 2023. godine u&#353;la u Schengen&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Hrvatska se pridru&#382;ila Schengenskom podru&#269;ju u 1. sije&#269;nja 2023. kada su (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, teoretski se podru&#269;je slobodnog kretanja nalazi s druge strane planine koja se nazire iza upravnog centra kantona&lt;strong&gt; &#8211; &lt;/strong&gt;grada Biha&#263;a.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tijekom zadnjih dvadeset godina, zahtjev za &#269;lanstvom u Europskoj uniji, a potom i ulazak u Schengen zna&#269;ili su drasti&#269;no pove&#263;anje resursa usmjerenih na ja&#269;anje bosanskohercegova&#269;ke i hrvatske granice u smislu ljudskih, tehnolo&#353;kih i nov&#269;anih resursa&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi doktorski rad autorice u kojem se prate spomenuti procesi od 2000. do (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Na strani Bosne i Hercegovine, podru&#269;ja uz granicu time su postala prioritetna podru&#269;ja kontrole migracija prema schengenskim granicama: Europska unija implementirala je mjere kojima se uspostavlja selektivna tampon zona &#269;iji je cilj odvojiti &#382;ito od kukolja, odnosno odvojiti one migracije koje se smatraju prihvatljivima od onih koje se smatraju ne&#382;eljenima.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ova funkcija &#8220;filtracije&#8221; odnosi se na cijeli Balkanski poluotok od 2000. (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ovaj proces eksternalizacije odvija se pod neprestanim financijskim i politi&#269;kim pritiskom vezanom uz priklju&#269;ivanje BiH Europskoj uniji. Vije&#263;e Europe potvrdilo je Bosni i Hercegovini Status dr&#382;ave kandidata 2022. godine, gotovo sedam godina nakon &#353;to je BiH podnijela zahtjev za &#269;lanstvom&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Zahtjev za &#269;lanstvom Bosne i Hercegovine predan je 15. velja&#269;e 2016. godine, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGRpdiBjbGFzcz0iYmFzZTY0LWYzMWFhMGFlIiB0aXRsZT0iUEdScGRpQmpiR0Z6Y3owbmMzQnBjRjlrYjJOMWJXVnVkRjgxT0RNMElITndhWEJmWkc5amRXMWxiblFnYzNCcGNGOWtiMk4xYldWdWRITWdjM0JwY0Y5a2IyTjFiV1Z1ZEY5cGJXRm5aU0J6Y0dsd1gyUnZZM1Z0Wlc1MGMxOWpaVzUwWlhJZ2MzQnBjRjlrYjJOMWJXVnVkRjlqWlc1MFpYSWdjM0JwY0Y5a2IyTjFiV1Z1ZEY5aGRtVmpYMnhsWjJWdVpHVW5DaUFnWkdGMFlTMXNaV2RsYm1SbExXeGxiajBpT0RnaUlHUmhkR0V0YkdWblpXNWtaUzFzWlc1NFBTSjRlQ0lLUGdvOFptbG5kWEpsSUdOc1lYTnpQU0p6Y0dsd1gyUnZZMTlwYm01bGNpSStDZ29nUEdFZ2FISmxaajBpU1UxSEwycHdaeTlqWVhKMFpWOHlMbXB3WnlJZ0lHTnNZWE56UFNKemNHbHdYMlJ2WTE5c2FXVnVJRzFsWkdsaFltOTRJaUIwZVhCbFBTSnBiV0ZuWlM5cWNHVm5JajRLQ1FrOGFXMW5JSE55WXowblNVMUhMMnB3Wnk5allYSjBaVjh5TG1wd1p5Y2dkMmxrZEdnOUlqRXdNalFpSUdobGFXZG9kRDBpTnpZNUlpQmhiSFE5SnljZ0x6NDhMMkUrQ2p4bWFXZGpZWEIwYVc5dUlHTnNZWE56UFNkemNHbHdYMlJ2WTE5c1pXZGxibVJsSno0S0NTQThaR2wySUdOc1lYTnpQU2R6Y0dsd1gyUnZZMTkwYVhSeVpTQWdKejQ4YzNSeWIyNW5Qa0poYkd0aGJuTnJZU0IwWVcxd2IyNGdlbTl1WVN3Z2JtOTJZU0IwY21GdWVtbDBibUVnY25WMFlTQndjbVZ0WVNCRmRYSnZjR2tzSURJd01UVUtQQzl6ZEhKdmJtYytQQzlrYVhZK0Nna2dDZ2tnUEdScGRpQmpiR0Z6Y3owbmMzQnBjRjlrYjJOZlkzSmxaR2wwY3lBZ0p6NU5iM0puWVc1bElFUjFhbTF2ZG1uRWh5QnBJRk5wYlc5dUNqd3ZaR2wyUGdvOEwyWnBaMk5oY0hScGIyNCtQQzltYVdkMWNtVStDand2WkdsMlBnPT0iPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dostupno na Migreurop, closethecamps.org na &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9jbG9zZXRoZWNhbXBzLm9yZy8yMDE1LzEyLzA5L2xlLXNhcy1kZXMtYmFsa2Fucy8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+ZnJhbmN1c2tvbTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9hci5jbG9zZXRoZWNhbXBzLm9yZy8yMDE1LzEyLzA5L9mF2YXYsdmRLdin2YTYqNmE2YLYp9mGLdmF2YPYp9mGLdi52KjZiNixLdis2K/ZitivLdil2YTZiS3Yr9mI2YQt2KfZhNinLyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5hcmFwc2tvbTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9lbi5jbG9zZXRoZWNhbXBzLm9yZy8yMDE1LzEyLzA5L3RoZS1iYWxrYW4tYnVmZmVyLXpvbmUvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPmVuZ2xlc2tvbTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; i &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9lcy5jbG9zZXRoZWNhbXBzLm9yZy8yMDE1LzEyLzA5L2xhLWVzY2x1c2EtZGUtbG9zLWJhbGthbmVzLyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj7FoXBhbmpvbHNrb208L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Uloga tampon zone koju ima Bosna i Hercegovina posebno se o&#269;ituje u Unsko-sanskom kantonu zbog njegovih specifi&#269;nih geografskih obilje&#382;ja. Radi se o poluenklavi u obliku d&#382;epa koja je, za ljude &#269;ije je putovanje ovdje stalo, poput slijepe ulice&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ovakvo strate&#353;ki isplanirano kori&#353;tenje prostora je sli&#269;no onom koje je (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Kao i na drugim granicama i ovdje se mogu vidjeti grupe ljudi kako pje&#353;ice prelaze petnaest kilometara dug put izme&#273;u grada i grani&#269;nog prijelaza Iza&#269;i&#263;, a koje je hrvatska policija upravo vratila s grani&#269;nog prijelaza ili grupe koje se kre&#263;u prema granici da jo&#353; jednom oku&#353;aju sre&#263;u u&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;gejmu&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Stanovnici Biha&#263;a ve&#263; sedam godina svjedo&#269;e nasilnim strategijama kojima Hrvatska odbija migrante i vra&#263;a u kanton. Vrhunac nasilja vezanog uz prelazak granica dogodio se 2018. godine.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Prema broj ulazaka u 2018. godini bio je 24 067 &#353;to je trideset puta vi&#353;e (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; Prema rije&#269;ima vlasnika jednog du&#263;ana iz Biha&#263;a:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8222;Do COVID-a je bilo jako te&#353;ko, ljudi su spavali posvuda: u gradu, u &#353;umi, na mjestima koja uop&#263;e nisu bila prikladna. Vidjeli smo mnogo ljudi iz Afganistana, Pakistana, bilo je Kurda, crnaca iz afri&#269;kih zemalja a &#269;esto i obitelji s jako malom djecom. Mi itekako dobro razumijemo ljude koji bje&#382;e iz zemalja koje su u ratu i &#382;ivot u kampu: mi smo pre&#382;ivjeli rat i &#269;etiri godine opsade Biha&#263;a.&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Kazivanje zabilje&#382;eno u travnju 2024. Prevela autorica.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Retorika otvorenosti i suosje&#263;anja mije&#353;a se i s nezadovoljstvom lokalnog stanovni&#353;tva: istim onim nezadovoljstvom zbog kojeg je u listopadu 2020. godine zatvoren kamp Bira koji je bio smje&#353;ten u samom centru Biha&#263;a&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi tada objavljen &#269;lanak: &#8221;Stotine migranata izmje&#353;tene iz IOM kampa u (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Na vrhuncu COVID-19 pandemije, dio ljudi koji su bili smje&#353;teni u tom kampu premje&#353;teni su u drugi kamp, koji se nalazi 27 kilometara od grada u udaljenoj seoskoj sredini, daleko od hrvatske granice&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;O kronololo&#353;kom tijeku uspostavljanja ovog mjesta, vidi kratak pregled (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. U prolje&#263;e 2024. godine taj kamp bio je jedini slu&#382;beni smje&#353;taj za mu&#353;karce bez obitelji. Samo su djeca i maloljetnici mogli biti u gradu, u kampu Bori&#263;i koji je poznat kao &#8221;obiteljski kamp&#8221;. Za preobrazbu tog nekada&#353;njeg studentskog doma u kamp od 2018. godine je povu&#269;eno milijun eura iz prora&#269;una EU, za rekonstrukciju i redovnu djelatnost.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi u srpnju 2024. prilikom inauguracije radova zgrada.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Kamp Bori&#263;i (&#8220;borova &#353;uma&#8221; na bosanskom jeziku), kojem je fasada obnovljena u ljeto 2022. godine, nalazi se u borovoj &#353;umi po kojoj je i dobio ime. Zbog mirne atmosfere gotovo da i zaboravimo na tjeskobu koju ljudi koji su ovdje smje&#353;teni svakodnevno osje&#263;aju. Iako su ih humanitarne organizacije klasificirale kao &#8220;ranjive&#8221;, ove izolirane grupe &#382;ena, obitelji i djece suo&#269;avaju se s nasilnim protjerivanjem svaki put kada ne uspiju preko planine prije&#263;i u Hrvatsku. Za one koji su ve&#263; poku&#353;ali prije&#263;i granicu, kamp je vje&#269;na prostorna petlja, mjesto privremenog ali krhkog predaha. Sva su osjetila u potpunosti usmjerena na mogu&#263;nost da sljede&#263;i poku&#353;aj uspije. &#268;lan jedne od obitelji koju sam upoznala oporavljao se od ozljede koju je zadobio na balkanskoj ruti. Oni nisu mogli u prelazak granice: &#8220;Ne no&#263;as&#8221;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nastavljam put i kre&#263;em prema kampu Lipa. Uz obalu rijeke Une, turisti&#269;ka obilje&#382;ja podsjetnik su na to da smo u kraju koji je nekima sinonim za tupu tjeskobu, a nekima mjesto zabave i istra&#382;ivanja. U Nacionalnom parku Una, kao i na hrvatskoj strani, pune se privatni apartmani za novu sezonu dok prve grupe turista u&#382;ivaju u proljetnoj atmosferi, vodenim sportovima i slapovima.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ministarstvo sigurnosti Bosne i Hercegovine izrazilo je jasnu namjeru da ovakvu slobodu kretanja uskladi s &#8220;europskim standardima&#8221; kontrole migracija&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi primjerice stranicu Ministarstva sigurnosti i (SPS/SFA).&#034; id=&#034;nh9-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. U zadnjih nekoliko godina, Biha&#263; i Unsko-sanski kanton postali su jedno od mnogih grani&#269;nih podru&#269;ja u kojima se stvara &#8222;bipolarna diferencijacija&#8220;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi Saskia Sassen: , Multitudes, 2010/4 (no. 43), pstr. 50-59.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; izme&#273;u svijeta dobrodo&#353;le i profitabilne migracije turista i one druge, nepo&#382;eljnih migracija, satkanih od ljudi koji uglavnom dolaze s Bliskog istoka, Azije i Afrike i koji bje&#382;e od nasilja, rata, progona ili nepodno&#353;ljivih dru&#353;tveno-ekonomskih okolnosti.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nekoliko suptilnih pokazatelja ove duboke nejednakosti u mogu&#263;nostima kretanja privla&#269;i pozornost u ina&#269;e idili&#269;nom krajoliku. Na zadnjem kri&#382;anju koje vodi prema kampu Lipa, na turisti&#269;kim znakovima uz cestu, naljepnice ukazuju na sveprisutnost taksija i postojanje &#8220;pu&#353;bek&#8221; karte.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGRpdiBjbGFzcz0iYmFzZTY0LWYzMWFhMGFlIiB0aXRsZT0iUEdScGRpQmpiR0Z6Y3owbmMzQnBjRjlrYjJOMWJXVnVkRjgxT0RFMUlITndhWEJmWkc5amRXMWxiblFnYzNCcGNGOWtiMk4xYldWdWRITWdjM0JwY0Y5a2IyTjFiV1Z1ZEY5cGJXRm5aU0J6Y0dsd1gyUnZZM1Z0Wlc1MGMxOWpaVzUwWlhJZ2MzQnBjRjlrYjJOMWJXVnVkRjlqWlc1MFpYSWdjM0JwY0Y5a2IyTjFiV1Z1ZEY5aGRtVmpYMnhsWjJWdVpHVW5DaUFnWkdGMFlTMXNaV2RsYm1SbExXeGxiajBpTlRFaUlHUmhkR0V0YkdWblpXNWtaUzFzWlc1NFBTSjRJZ28rQ2p4bWFXZDFjbVVnWTJ4aGMzTTlJbk53YVhCZlpHOWpYMmx1Ym1WeUlqNEtDZ29KQ1R4cGJXY2djM0pqUFNkSlRVY3ZjRzVuTHpFd01EQXdNREF3TURBd01EQXpaVEV3TURBd01ESXdOR0ZoT1RJM1lqWmlMbkJ1WnljZ2QybGtkR2c5SWpZd01pSWdhR1ZwWjJoMFBTSXpNVElpSUdGc2REMG5KeUF2UGdvOFptbG5ZMkZ3ZEdsdmJpQmpiR0Z6Y3owbmMzQnBjRjlrYjJOZmJHVm5aVzVrWlNjK0Nna2dQR1JwZGlCamJHRnpjejBuYzNCcGNGOWtiMk5mZEdsMGNtVWdJQ2MrUEhOMGNtOXVaejVVZFhKcGMzUnB4STFyWlNCdmVtNWhhMlVzSUdSbGRHRnNhbWtzSURJd01qUUtQQzl6ZEhKdmJtYytQQzlrYVhZK0Nna2dDZ2tnUEdScGRpQmpiR0Z6Y3owbmMzQnBjRjlrYjJOZlkzSmxaR2wwY3lBZ0p6NU5iM0puWVc1bElFUjFhbTF2ZG1uRWh3bzhMMlJwZGo0S1BDOW1hV2RqWVhCMGFXOXVQand2Wm1sbmRYSmxQZ284TDJScGRqND0iPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;U EU-kampu Lipa: tko profitira od &#8222;&lt;i&gt;gejma&lt;/i&gt;&#8220;?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pribli&#382;avaju&#263;i se kampu Lipa padaju mi na pamet dvije rije&#269;i: mjese&#269;eva povr&#353;ina. Osim &#353;to je udaljen od grada, pristup ote&#382;ava i vijugava staza duga gotovo 3 kilometara, kao i izrupana cesta koja vodi kroz planine do nenaseljene visoravni. Ispred kampa, osje&#263;aj da smo u pustinji u kontrastu je s arhitekturom prostora opasanog ogradom koji se nadgleda sustavom video-nadzora. Uz sveprisutne znakove zabrane ulaska i fotografiranja tu su i upozorenja koje izgovaraju svi policajci: &#8220;Cijeli kamp je pod video-nadzorom&#8221;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ovdje je opipljiva &#382;elja da se izolira ljude u pokretu. Ona je u skladu s interesima hrvatske policije i policije BiH da mu&#353;karce koji se nalaze u kampu dr&#382;i podalje od granice i obeshrabruje ih od gejma. Za op&#263;inske vlasti, njihovo udaljavanje iz naselja i gradova je, &#269;ini se, ciljana strategija, jer kamp Lipa se povremeno koristi za njihovo izmje&#353;tanje iz napu&#353;tenih objekata u gradu, kako je u prolje&#263;e 2021. godine i najavio gradona&#269;elnik Biha&#263;a:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#8222;&lt;i&gt;Postoji jo&#353; nekoliko lokacija u gradu na kojima borave migranti. To je, prije svega zgrada biv&#353;e tvornice 'Krajinametal' koju &#263;emo tako&#273;er u narednim danima isprazniti, o&#269;istiti i zape&#269;atiti&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&#8220;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Izvadak je s bosanskohercegova&#269;kog prevela autorica. Vidi cijeli &#269;lanak:&#034; id=&#034;nh9-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nadalje, lokacija kampa je u skladu je s o&#269;ekivanjima Europske unije, koja je financirala njegovu infrastrukturu i rad kroz program &#8222;EU podr&#353;ka upravljanju migracijama i granicama u BiH&#8220;. Lipa je dio niza kampova uspostavljenih u Bosni i Hercegovini izme&#273;u 2018. i 2021. godine, zajedno s kampovima u Biri, Sedri i Miralu (koji su u me&#273;uvremenu zatvoreni), te onima u Bori&#263;ima, U&#353;ivku i Bla&#382;uju, koji su na prolje&#263;e 2024. godine i dalje u funkciji. Europska sredstva kojima su se tijekom godina financirali ovi &#8222;privremeni prihvatni centri&#8220; , kako se slu&#382;beno zovu (TRC od engleskog &lt;i&gt;Temporary Reception Center&lt;/i&gt;), ukupno su iznosila 100 milijuna eura&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi u kojem se spominje ova svota.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Taj se iznos redovito koristi kao sna&#382;an argument za vr&#353;enje pritiska na bosanskohercegova&#269;ke vlasti. Primjerice, u sije&#269;nju 2021. godine, visoki predstavnik EU za vanjske poslove i sigurnosnu politiku Josep Borrell, iskoristio je taj financijski argument kako bi potaknuo vlasti Biha&#263;a i Unsko-sanskog kantona da ponovno stave u funkciju kamp Bira&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi izvje&#353;taj koji je objavljenj iste godine. Bisiaux &amp; al., 2021, '', (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Me&#273;utim, u praksi su ta sredstva dodijeljena Me&#273;unarodnoj organizaciji za migracije (International Organization for Migration, IOM), agenciji UN-a i partneru EU, kojoj je povjeren zadatak koordiniranja i upravljanja kampovima u sklopu Strategije u oblasti migracija i azila (&lt;i&gt;Inter-Agency Migration Response&lt;/i&gt;). IOM se tako domogao ve&#263;eg dijela novca koji je do&#353;ao iz Instrumenta za pretpristupnu pomo&#263; za upravljanje migracijama i kontrolu granica, i nametnuo se kao klju&#269;ni partner u tim podru&#269;jima&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;O dvosmislenoj ulozi IOM-a, vidi sveobuhvatan izvje&#353;taj kojeg je objavila (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. No ta se situacija po&#269;ela mijenjati od 2021. godine. U skladu s ciljevima Europske komisije, na koje se Bosnu i Hercegovinu redovito podsje&#263;a u izvje&#353;tajima o pra&#263;enju njezinog pristupa EU&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi . (Commission monitoring report for the year 2022), str. 48. and 57.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, IOM sada prelazi na plan kojim &#263;e se odgovor na migracije u potpunosti prepustiti dr&#382;avi, takozvani &#8220;&lt;i&gt;plan for a transition to a state-owned migration response&lt;/i&gt;&#8221; &#8211; formula koja jasno pokazuje da je prethodna strategija bila intervencionisti&#269;ka&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi stranicu IOM-a: '.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. S obzirom na prijenos ovlasti na Ministarstvo za nacionalnu sigurnost, upravljanje kampom Lipa od studenog 2021. godine pre&#353;lo je na Slu&#382;bu za poslove sa strancima (poznatiju u praksi po kratici SFA od engleskog Service for Foreigners' Affairs). Kao &#353;to je jedan od slu&#382;benika te slu&#382;be rekao, Lipa je &#8222;prvi centar kojim potpuno upravljaju nacionalne institucije u Bosni i Hercegovini&#8220;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Kazivanje zabilje&#382;eno u travnju 2024.godine. S bosanskohercegova&#269;kog prevela (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, te je svojevrsni pilot projekt u okviru tranzicije koju o&#269;ekuju EU i IOM. Godine 2021. EU je financirala izgradnju specijaliziranog prostora za zadr&#382;avanje migranata, pretvoriv&#353;i Lipu u 'Vi&#353;enamjenski centar za prijem i identifikaciju'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi , str. 57-58.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ulti-purpose Reception and Identification Centre&lt;/i&gt;). To obja&#353;njava tenzije koje su dovele do ograni&#269;avanja pristupa kampu, kao i pritisak da se informacije ne dijele s osobama izvan kampa, prema rije&#269;ima migranata koji su bili tamo smje&#353;teni u prolje&#263;e 2024. godine.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Stoga se geograf Louis Fernier odlu&#269;io za metodu prostorne rekonstrukcije kako bi izradio kartu kampa uz pomo&#263; planova evakuacije te svjedo&#269;anstava.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi Louis Fernier i Morgane Dujmovi&#263;: ''.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Godine 2023. ljudi smje&#353;teni u Lipi govorili su o relativno dobrim uvjetima, u usporedbi s kampovima u drugim zemljama (zbog toga se na karti Louisa Ferniera koristi pojam 'VIP' kamp). Me&#273;utim, udaljenost kampa i oskudni resursi za svakodnevni &#382;ivot, doveli su ga da termina 'prostorne povrede&#8220;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Odnosi se na termin &#8222;prostorne povrede&#8220; koji obuhva&#263;a situacije u kojima (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; protiv izbjeglica kojim se bavi u svojem doktoratu.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tijekom prolje&#263;a 2024. godine, sve vi&#353;e se i s vi&#353;e gor&#269;ine govori o lo&#353;im &#382;ivotnim uvjetima. Unato&#269; u to vrijeme relativno povoljnim uvjetima smje&#353;taja (u Lipi je tada registrirano izme&#273;u 348 i 603 osoba, dok je kapacitet 1512 kreveta), &#269;ini se da migrantima u kampovima nedostaje sve ono &#269;ime se Europska unija i njezina delegacija u Bosni i Hercegovini ponose da financira. Sve to je u kontrastu s &#8222;dobronamjernom&#8220; atmosferom opisanoj u dvotjednim izvje&#353;&#263;ima IOM-a.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi IOM-ovu stranicu &#8220;&#8221; koja pokazuje razvoj u odnosu na broj ljudi koju je (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Taj je kontrast jo&#353; vidljiviji unutar kampa Lipa budu&#263;i da se logotipovi IOM-a i EU nalaze posvuda, kao i logotipovi desetak ili vi&#353;e nevladinih organizacija koje imaju dozvolu djelovanja u kampu kako bi osigurale minimalne uvjete prihvata. Prema rije&#269;ima S*: &lt;i&gt;&#8222;Lije&#269;nik dolazi samo na sat vremena ponedjeljkom i na sat vremena &#269;etvrtkom. Ako je netko na samrti, kako on mo&#382;e pomo&#263;i?&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;. Takvi opisi odra&#382;avaju mi&#353;ljenja mnogih lokalaca. &#352;tovi&#353;e, takvi uvjeti stanovanja razlog su redovitoj prisutnosti kolektiva poput No Name Kitchen, &#269;iji volonteri nastoje nadomjestiti nesta&#353;icu hrane ili neprehrambenih artikala (odje&#263;a, higijenski kompleti, itd.).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pristupni put do kampa tako&#273;er vrlo slikovito evocira spomenuti kontrast. Na ovom pra&#353;njavom, izrovanom i neodr&#382;avanom putu posjetitelji se susre&#263;u s terenskim vozilima i kombijima koji su ukra&#353;enima logom EU. Potonji su produkt skupih donacija me&#273;u kojima se posebno isti&#269;u crna terenska vozila vrijedna 370 000 eura donirana u o&#382;ujku 2023. godine Upravi za koordinaciju policijskih snaga (koja je godinu dana ranije preuzela odgovornost za sigurnost kampa).&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ovo se odnosi na donaciju u visini od 725 000 konvertibilnih BiH maraka iz (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; S druge strane, bijeli kamioneti i kombiji u iznosu od 500 000 eura donirani su grani&#269;noj policiji u velja&#269;i 2024. godine kako bi se 'poduprle operativne akcije u regionalnim uredima', poput biha&#263;kog.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;U sklopu projekta &#8220;Special Measures to Support the Response to the Refugee (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;S druge strane, segregacija i neima&#353;tina dobra su prilika za lokalne trgovce. Njihove se du&#263;ane, smje&#353;tene uz kamp usred ni&#269;ega ,tolerira: potrebni su ljudima u kampu, a na proizvodima koji se tu prodaju zahvalni su i policajci koji tamo svakodnevno dolaze kupiti kruh, cigarete&#8230; Nekoliko takvih zapu&#353;tenih baraka dokaz su nekada&#353;nje va&#382;ne trgova&#269;ke aktivnosti. Me&#273;u njima je jo&#353; uvijek i jedan ironi&#269;nog naziva: &lt;i&gt;The Game Shop&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;U glavnoj privatnoj trgovini koja jo&#353; uvijek radi, mo&#382;e se na&#263;i sve potrebno za gejm&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&lt;/i&gt;: topla odje&#263;a i planinarske &#269;izme za mu&#353;karce, vre&#263;e za spavanje, SIM kartice koje se mogu koristiti samo za internet u Hrvatskoj, Sloveniji i Italiji. Jedan od prodava&#269;a sljede&#263;im rije&#269;ima opisuje kako lokalci zara&#273;uju na migrantima:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8222;Ljudi ovdje uglavnom nisu sretni &#353;to su tu migranti i optu&#382;uju ih za najmanju kra&#273;u ili krivi&#269;no djelo, a u isto vrijeme su od toga napravili veliki biznis. Zamisli, prodaja, smje&#353;taj, taksiji!&#8220;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Kazivanje zabilje&#382;eno u travnju 2024. S bosanskohercegova&#269;kog prevela autorica.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-30&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Zapravo, u Lipi je priljev taksija stalan a vozila se izmjenjuju kako bi mu&#353;karce smje&#353;tene u kampu prevezla do centra Biha&#263;a. &#8222;&lt;i&gt;To je posao bez kojeg ne staje, 24 sata dnevno&lt;/i&gt;&#8220;, ka&#382;e mi jedan od njih. Putovanja u grad su &#269;esta, kako bi se nabavile potrep&#353;tine, posjetili ro&#273;aci u obiteljskom kampu ili oku&#353;ala sre&#263;a u gejmu. Uvijek su tamo jedan do pet automobila koji &#269;ekaju da se napune: svaka vo&#382;nja ko&#353;ta 20 eura, pa vi&#353;e putnika ide jednim vozilom kako bi podijelili tro&#353;ak. Ispred kampa, vizitke za taksi vozila prekrivaju prljavi pod.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGRpdiBjbGFzcz0iYmFzZTY0LWYzMWFhMGFlIiB0aXRsZT0iUEdScGRpQmpiR0Z6Y3owbmMzQnBjRjlrYjJOMWJXVnVkRjgxT0RJeElITndhWEJmWkc5amRXMWxiblFnYzNCcGNGOWtiMk4xYldWdWRITWdjM0JwY0Y5a2IyTjFiV1Z1ZEY5cGJXRm5aU0J6Y0dsd1gyUnZZM1Z0Wlc1MGMxOWpaVzUwWlhJZ2MzQnBjRjlrYjJOMWJXVnVkRjlqWlc1MFpYSWdjM0JwY0Y5a2IyTjFiV1Z1ZEY5aGRtVmpYMnhsWjJWdVpHVW5DaUFnWkdGMFlTMXNaV2RsYm1SbExXeGxiajBpTlRBaUlHUmhkR0V0YkdWblpXNWtaUzFzWlc1NFBTSjRJZ28rQ2p4bWFXZDFjbVVnWTJ4aGMzTTlJbk53YVhCZlpHOWpYMmx1Ym1WeUlqNEtDZ29KQ1R4cGJXY2djM0pqUFNkSlRVY3ZhbkJuTHpFd01EQXdNREF3TURBd01EQTFOak13TURBd01ETXdPR1ZrTTJWbE16aGtMbXB3WnljZ2QybGtkR2c5SWpZd01pSWdhR1ZwWjJoMFBTSXpNemdpSUdGc2REMG5KeUF2UGdvOFptbG5ZMkZ3ZEdsdmJpQmpiR0Z6Y3owbmMzQnBjRjlrYjJOZmJHVm5aVzVrWlNjK0Nna2dQR1JwZGlCamJHRnpjejBuYzNCcGNGOWtiMk5mZEdsMGNtVWdJQ2MrUEhOMGNtOXVaejVVWVd0emFXcHBJR2x6Y0hKbFpDQnJZVzF3WVNCTWFYQmhMQ0F5TURJMENqd3ZjM1J5YjI1blBqd3ZaR2wyUGdvSklBb0pJRHhrYVhZZ1kyeGhjM005SjNOd2FYQmZaRzlqWDJOeVpXUnBkSE1nSUNjK1RXOXlaMkZ1WlNCRWRXcHRiM1pweEljS1BDOWthWFkrQ2p3dlptbG5ZMkZ3ZEdsdmJqNDhMMlpwWjNWeVpUNEtQQzlrYVhZKyI+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Prema rije&#269;ima jednog od voza&#269;a, neki voza&#269;i ne taje da se radi o vrlo unosnom poslu i da zara&#273;uju na migrantima. Drugi, malo prizemljeniji, na&#353;iroko opisuju ne tako profitabilan, a ujedno i prili&#269;no rizi&#269;an posao:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#8222;&lt;i&gt;Kad se uzme u obzir gorivo i svaki put kad ne zavr&#353;i&#353; na pravom mjestu, na kraju do&#273;e&#353; na nulu. (&#8230;) Prije pet ili &#353;est godina ako nekoga prebaci&#353; samo do autobusne stanice a kamoli do granice, mogli su te uhititi i strpati u zatvor; to se dogodilo mom kolegi ali sam i ja morao na sud. Ovo je jedino mjesto na svijetu gdje te mogu zatvoriti zbog krijum&#269;arenja ljudi, a da nisi ni pre&#353;ao granicu!&#8220;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-31&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Svi iskazi voza&#269;a taksija prikupljeni su jedan na jedan i u povjerenju, a (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-31&#034;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pravni okvir u BiH zapravo je omogu&#263;io ka&#382;njavanje prijevoza ilegalnih migranata, &#353;to je za rezultat imalo nekoliko zatvorskih kazni za taksiste. Pravni je okvir tako&#273;er uvelike pridonio kriminalizaciji pomo&#263;i ljudima u pokretu koja se ne pru&#382;a kroz kanale humanitarnih organizacija koje su partneri vlasti. Na ovaj su na&#269;in vlasti suzbile i spontane akcije lokalnog stanovni&#353;tva te distribucije koju su provodile neovla&#353;tene nevladine organizacije (dakle, kroz administrativne prepreke, tu&#382;be, konfiskaciju putovnica, protjerivanje stranih volontera).&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-32&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vi&#353;e o na&#269;inima i slu&#269;ajevima kriminalizacije o kojima je izvje&#353;tavala (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-32&#034;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nedavno je donesena odluka koja se, &#269;ini se, donekle fleksibilizira zabranu prijevoza migranata: on je dopu&#353;ten samo u okviru profesionalne aktivnosti taksista, a iznos nov&#269;ane kazne ostao je dovoljno nizak da ta aktivnost bude isplativa (oko stotinu eura). Zbog toga se sve vi&#353;e stanovnika Biha&#263;a odnedavno posve&#263;uje ovoj aktivnosti, pa je do kraja 2023. godine izdano vi&#353;e od stotinu novih taksi licenci.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-33&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi stranice informativne agencije o migrantima na , 22. Listopada 2023.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-33&#034;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Unato&#269; pragmati&#269;nosti lokalaca, srda&#269;ne odnose izme&#273;u voza&#269;a i mu&#353;karaca smje&#353;tenih Lipi potvr&#273;uju empati&#269;ne izjave koje sam zabilje&#382;ila:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8222;Poma&#382;emo im, radi se o novcu, ali im ipak poma&#382;emo. Imaju ogromne probleme pri prelasku granice. Hrvatska policija ih tu&#269;e, uzima im novac i mobitele, pu&#353;ta pse na njih. Vidio sam to nasilje na svoje o&#269;i.&#8220;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Osim toga, ljudi u pokretu koje je hrvatska policija vratila s granice, a do slu&#382;benog kampa u Lipi moraju do&#263;i natrag o svom tro&#353;ku. Ili &#263;e hodati dva dana ili &#263;e ili pozvati taksi. Taksisti ponekad prihva&#263;aju da im vo&#382;nja (oko s stotinu eura) plate naknadno.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Poput ve&#263;ine stanovnika Biha&#263;a, i taksisti postaju nehoti&#269;ni svjedoci represivnih praksi hrvatske policije i strategija kontrole EU na njezinim jugoisto&#269;nim granicama.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Slijede&#263;e u seriji o posljedicama migracijske politike EU-a na Balkanu &lt;/i&gt;na &#382;ivote ljudi u pokretu&lt;i&gt;: pre&#382;ivjeti europske geostrategije, nezakonite prakse hrvatske policije i Frontexov lov u mutnom, smrt na granicama i utjecaj Novog pakta&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/hr&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;onglets_contenu&#034;&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;cs_onglet&#034;&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iIyI+RXBpem9kYSBici4yPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;i&gt;Na prolje&#263;e 2024. godine, Morgane Dujmovi&#263; je prikupila tridesetak pri&#269;a ljudi smje&#353;tenih u kampu Lipa i kampu Bori&#263;i koji se nalaze na granici s Hrvatskom, na sjeverozapadnom dijelu Bosne i Hercegovine (Unsko-sanski kanton). Svaka pri&#269;a prokazuje migracijske projekte EU te otkriva tijela nad kojima je po&#269;injeno nasilje kao i &#382;ivote onih koji su zapeli na granici izme&#273;u BiH i Hrvatske, danas vanjske granice EU i schengenske zone&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-34&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Od trenutka ulaska Hrvatske u Schengensko podru&#269;je 1. sije&#269;nja 2023.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-34&#034;&gt;34&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;. Tko su ovi ljudi koji, riskiraju&#263;i sve, nastoje doprijeti do Europe? &#352;to za njih zna&#269;i nasilje na granici?&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ovaj portfelj-&#269;lanak drugi je u nizu &#269;lanaka koji prate kakve posljedice ima eksternalizacija europskih migracijskih politika na Balkanu za one ljude koji se nalaze u pokretu. &#268;lanak je prvi put objavljen na portalima &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9ncy5tZWRpYXBhcnQuZnIvbW9yZ2FuZS1kdWptb3ZpYy9ibG9nLzIyMDgyNC9sZXMtY291cnMtZC1lYXUtc29udC1tb3J0ZWxzLXBvdXItcXVpLW4tZXN0LXBhcy1kdS1ib24tY290ZS1lcGlzb2RlLTIiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+e01lZGlhcGFydH08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY291cnJpZXJkZXNiYWxrYW5zLmZyL0Jsb2ctby1MZXMtcmVzY2FwZS1lLXMtZGUtbGEtZnJvbnRpZXJlIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntMZSBDb3VycmllciBkZXMgQmFsa2Fuc308L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; i &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudmlzaW9uc2NhcnRvLm5ldC9yb3V0ZS1kZXMtYmFsa2Fucy1sZXMtcmVzY2FwZS1lcyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57dmlzaW9uY2FydG8ubmV0fTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;. Zahvaljujemo timu portala visioncarto.net na lekturi i ure&#273;enju teksta, pogotovo Isabelli Saint-Saens na verziji na engleskom jeziku.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Epizoda br.2: Pre&#382;ivjeli&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;hr&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Na prolje&#263;e 2024. godine dovezla sam CartoMobile u blizinu kampova Lipa i Bori&#263;i. Ovo prera&#273;eno vozilo koje mi slu&#382;i kao pokretni istra&#382;iva&#269;ki instrument omogu&#263;ava mi da ljudima koji su zapeli na granici ponudim radionice participativnog mapiranja. Cilj mi je ove ljude potaknuti na izno&#353;enje vlastitih iskustava preko njihovih pri&#269;a dok migracijske politike poti&#269;u njihovo potiskivanje, uti&#353;avanje i nevidljivost.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;CartoMobile funkcionira kao prostor za stvaranje i rad prilago&#273;en promi&#353;ljanju i samoizra&#382;avanju; tako&#273;er je prostor za predah i odmor, kada nasilje samih uvjeta na granici to name&#263;e (nedostatak intimnog prostora, delo&#382;acija, uskra&#263;ivanje skloni&#353;ta).&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-35&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Projekt CartoMobile nastao je u okviru autori&#269;inog rada na CNRS-u, na (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-35&#034;&gt;35&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;U Lipi i Bori&#263;ima, svi ljudi koje sam primila u CartoMobileu bili su izlo&#382;eni postepenom institucionalnom nasilju tijekom njihovog putovanja u Europu. Vijest o mojoj prisutnosti pro&#353;irila se usmenim putem i ljudi su me prepoznali kao nekoga tko pi&#353;e o pitanjima granica i nasilju koje ih prati. Kao rezultat toga, neki od tamo smje&#353;tenih ljudi do&#353;li su me upoznati kako bi mi ispri&#269;ali pri&#269;u o svom gejmu&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-36&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ovako se zovu vi&#353;estruki poku&#353;aji prelaska granice nakon kojih &#269;esto slijedi (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-36&#034;&gt;36&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Iz tih brojnih svjedo&#269;anstava proiza&#353;la je re&#269;enica koju su svi ponavljali jednoglasno: &#8220;&lt;i&gt;Hrvatska policija: problem!&lt;/i&gt;&#8221;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;i&gt;Pu&#353;bek:&lt;/i&gt; daleko od o&#269;iju, daleko od zakona&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Stanovnici Biha&#263;a nalaze se u poziciji da mogu jasno vidjeti represivne prakse hrvatske policije (vidi epizodu 1). Me&#273;u njima su pogotovo taksisti koje se redovito kontaktira nakon pu&#353;beka kako bi ljude pokupili s mjesta s kojeg su nezakonito i prisilno vra&#263;eni s granice (obi&#269;no se radi o izoliranim podru&#269;jima u &#353;umama i planinama) te ih prebacili do kampa Lipa &#353;to potvr&#273;uje jedan od voza&#269;a koje sam upoznala u Lipi:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#8222;&lt;i&gt;Poma&#382;emo im, radi se o novcu, ali im ipak poma&#382;emo. Imaju ogromne probleme pri prelasku granice. Hrvatska policija ih tu&#269;e, uzima im novac i mobitele, pu&#353;ta pse na njih. Vidio sam to nasilje na svoje o&#269;i.&#8220;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Od dvadeset i &#269;etiri osobe u pokretu koje sam upoznala, dvadeset i troje je ve&#263; poku&#353;alo prije&#263;i u Hrvatsku. Ve&#263;ina broji pet ili &#353;est neuspjelih poku&#353;aja a jedna osoba granicu je poku&#353;ala prije&#263;i 26 puta. U trenutku prisilnog vra&#263;anja nitko od njih nije dobio kopiju ikakvih dokumenata. To se dogodilo ljudima kojima su u ovom tekstu, radi postizanja anonimnosti, dodijeljena nasumi&#269;no odabrana slova: H*, R*, T* ili U*&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-37&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Kako bi se za&#353;titila njihova anonimnost, osobama u zbjegu koje se nalaze u (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-37&#034;&gt;37&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; a kojima nikada prilikom vra&#263;anja s granice nije predo&#269;en niti jedan dokument. To je slu&#269;aj i s B*-om koji je rekao da je &#8220;&lt;i&gt;potpisao mnogo dokumenata a da ih nije uop&#263;e mogao razumjeti jer su bili na hrvatskom&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Razlog je jednostavan: ve&#263;ina ovakvih deportacija provodi se nezakonito; odvija se &#269;ak i izvan okvira razvijenih tijekom posljednjih dvadeset godina s ciljem organizacije deportacija iz zemlje kao &#353;to su primjerice sporazumi o readmisiji. Ti su sporazumi sve &#269;e&#353;&#263;i jer na njima inzistiraju institucije Europske unije kako bi osobu &#353;to br&#382;e mogle odstraniti i vratiti u dr&#382;avu u kojoj je samo kratko boravila ili kroz koju je prolazila&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-38&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pravi razlog koji se krije iza potpisivanja sporazuma o ponovnom prihvatu je (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-38&#034;&gt;38&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. No proces readmisije odvija se uz minimalnu proceduralnu transparentnost. On obuhva&#263;a primitak pisane odluke s obrazlo&#382;enjem razloga deportacije, informiranje o pravima kao i to da je spomenuta odluka razumljiva i na poznatom jeziku.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ne samo to, ve&#263; se deportacijama (za koje znamo) otvoreno kr&#353;i Europska konvencija o ljudskim pravima (koja zabranjuje kolektivne deportacije) kao i &#381;enevska konvencija o statusu izbjeglica iz 1951., a koja bi sama po sebi trebala jam&#269;iti na&#269;elo zabrane protjerivanja. Prema ovom na&#269;elu, dr&#382;avama je zabranjeno vra&#263;anje osoba u zemlju u kojoj su njegov ili njezin &#382;ivot ili sloboda ozbiljno ugro&#382;eni &#8211; tj. ako je pojedinac u opasnosti od progona, mu&#269;enja ili poni&#382;avaju&#263;eg postupanja na temelju rase, religije, nacionalnosti, pripadnosti odre&#273;enoj grupi ili po politi&#269;koj osnovi. Zabrana prisilnog vra&#263;anja zna&#269;i da se svi zahtjevi za azilom moraju registrirati i da osoba koja je podnijela zahtjev mora imati za&#353;titu dok se on ne prou&#269;i.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ovaj tekst je utkan u pravnu ste&#269;evinu Europske unije (acquis communitaire) i sekundarno zakonodavstvo o azilu kojih se moraju pridr&#382;avati kako institucije EU tako i dr&#382;ave &#269;lanice. No bez obzira na to, zahtjevi za azilom iskazani u hrvatskim grani&#269;nim podru&#269;jima ne uzimaju se u obzir, &#353;to potvr&#273;uju sva svjedo&#269;anstva. Ljudi koji tra&#382;e za&#353;titu su ovoga itekako svjesni a mnogi su to i iskusili iz prve ruke prilikom vlastitog prisilnog vra&#263;anja. Cilj gejma nije samo u&#263;i na hrvatski teritorij nego i domo&#263;i se glavnog grada Zagreba u kojem trenutne prakse navodno vi&#353;e po&#353;tuju pravo na azil.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mladi Sirijac B* koji je upravo vra&#263;en u Biha&#263;, unato&#269; zahtjevu za azil upu&#263;enom hrvatskoj policiji izrazio se jednostavnim rije&#269;ima: &#8220;&lt;i&gt;&#269;udna igra, potpuno luda igra&lt;/i&gt;&#8221;. Kada smo se upoznali bio je zapanjen time da da jedna institucija mo&#382;e djelovati tako otvoreno nezakonito na europskom tlu.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Rije&#269; koja je postala uobi&#269;ajena za opis sve u&#269;estalijih prisilnih vra&#263;anja izvan okvira zakona je &lt;i&gt;pu&#353;bek&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-39&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Od engleskog pushbacks: vidi vi&#353;e na&#034; id=&#034;nh9-39&#034;&gt;39&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;. &lt;/i&gt;Prema mre&#382;i Border Violence Monitoring Network (BVMN), aktivnoj na Balkanu, rije&#269; se pojavila nakon masovnih nezakonitih vra&#263;anja migranata iz Hrvatske i Ma&#273;arske u Srbiju od 2016. godine nadalje&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-40&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi na stranici BVMN-a &#171; &#187;&#034; id=&#034;nh9-40&#034;&gt;40&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, nakon &#353;to je balkanski koridor zatvoren&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-41&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Za vi&#353;e informacija o periodu kada su takozvani &#8220;koridor&#8221;, granice i (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-41&#034;&gt;41&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. U &#353;irem smislu, &lt;i&gt;pu&#353;bek&lt;/i&gt; se prakticira u svim lan&#269;anim prisilnim vra&#263;anjima (tzv. &lt;i&gt;chain removals &lt;/i&gt;na engleskom), od Austrije do ju&#382;nog Balkana, &#353;to od 2021. godine dokumentira inicijatva &lt;i&gt;Push back alarm Austria&lt;/i&gt;. Nezakonita prisilna vra&#263;anja primje&#263;uju se i du&#382; unutarnjih granica Schengenskog prostora: u Francuskoj, &lt;i&gt;Association nationale d'assistance aux fronti&#232;res&lt;/i&gt; objavljuje brojne izvje&#353;taje na tu temu&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-42&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi stranicu posve&#263;enu unutarnjim granicama EU na te kojeg su 2023. (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-42&#034;&gt;42&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Na granici izme&#273;u Francuske i Italije takva stalna praksa dovela je i do odluke Europskog suda 21. rujna 2023. godine&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-43&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Odluka Europskog suda potvr&#273;ena je odlukom Francuskog dr&#382;avnog vije&#263;a 2. (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-43&#034;&gt;43&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGRpdiBjbGFzcz0iYmFzZTY0LWYzMWFhMGFlIiB0aXRsZT0iUEdScGRpQmpiR0Z6Y3owbmMzQnBjRjlrYjJOMWJXVnVkRjgxT0RJMUlITndhWEJmWkc5amRXMWxiblFnYzNCcGNGOWtiMk4xYldWdWRITWdjM0JwY0Y5a2IyTjFiV1Z1ZEY5cGJXRm5aU0J6Y0dsd1gyUnZZM1Z0Wlc1MGMxOWpaVzUwWlhJZ2MzQnBjRjlrYjJOMWJXVnVkRjlqWlc1MFpYSWdjM0JwY0Y5a2IyTjFiV1Z1ZEY5aGRtVmpYMnhsWjJWdVpHVW5DaUFnWkdGMFlTMXNaV2RsYm1SbExXeGxiajBpTnpnaUlHUmhkR0V0YkdWblpXNWtaUzFzWlc1NFBTSjRlQ0lLUGdvOFptbG5kWEpsSUdOc1lYTnpQU0p6Y0dsd1gyUnZZMTlwYm01bGNpSStDZ29LQ1FrOGFXMW5JSE55WXowblNVMUhMM0J1Wnk4eE1EQXdNREF3TVRBd01EQXdNVFk0TURBd01EQXhaalEzTkRaaVlqTmtOaTB6TG5CdVp5Y2dkMmxrZEdnOUlqSTNNQ0lnYUdWcFoyaDBQU0l6TnpVaUlHRnNkRDBuSnlBdlBnbzhabWxuWTJGd2RHbHZiaUJqYkdGemN6MG5jM0JwY0Y5a2IyTmZiR1ZuWlc1a1pTYytDZ2tnUEdScGRpQmpiR0Z6Y3owbmMzQnBjRjlrYjJOZmRHbDBjbVVnSUNjK1BITjBjbTl1Wno1T1lYTnNiM1p1YVdOaElHbDZkbXBseGFGMFlXcGhJQ0JDYkdGamF5QkNiMjlySUc5bUlIQjFjMmhpWVdOcmN5QnJiMnBsWnlCcVpTQnZZbXBoZG1sdklFSldUVTRnYTI5c1pXdDBhWFlLUEM5emRISnZibWMrUEM5a2FYWStDZ2tnQ2drZ0Nqd3ZabWxuWTJGd2RHbHZiajQ4TDJacFozVnlaVDRLUEM5a2FYWSsiPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nu&#382;na posljedica pu&#353;beka je izljev nasilja koje je omogu&#263;eno odsustvom prava. Postoje nebrojeni izvje&#353;taji istra&#382;iva&#269;a&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-44&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi primjerice: Harold Robert, 2021. ''.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-44&#034;&gt;44&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, udruga&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-45&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi izvje&#353;taj No Name Kitchen kolektiva: '' i izvje&#353;taj Amnesty (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-45&#034;&gt;45&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; i institucija&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-46&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Kao npr. slijede&#263;a izjava Ujedinjenih naroda u travnju 2021. godine: ''.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-46&#034;&gt;46&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; koji su dokumentirali policijsko nasilje u dr&#382;avama Balkana, pogotovo od 2016. i zatvaranja slu&#382;benog balkanskog koridora. Do sada je prikupljeno na tisu&#263;e pri&#269;a a one koje je prikupila mre&#382;a BVMN mogu se prona&#263;i u mre&#382;noj bazi podataka i knjizi pod nazivom &lt;i&gt;Black Book of Pushbacks&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-47&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi pro&#353;ireno izdanje iz 2022.: i&#034; id=&#034;nh9-47&#034;&gt;47&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; u otvorenom pristupu koja predstavlja uistinu mukotrpan pothvat da se rekonstruira slijed doga&#273;aja i njihov razmjer.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Prva &lt;i&gt;Black Book of Pushbacks&lt;/i&gt;, objavljena 2020. godine, navodi 12 000 slu&#269;ajeva nasilja prikazanih na 1 500 stranica; drugo izdanje, objavljeno dvije godine kasnije, 2022. godine, , navodi 25 000 slu&#269;ajeva na 3 000 stranica opisa (vi&#353;e nego duplo).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Donja mapa smje&#353;ta &#269;inove nasilja u konkretne prostore i nastoji pokazati da se iza brojeva radi o osobama koje su na vlastitoj ko&#382;i svjedo&#269;ile nasilju. Njihovi identiteti anonimizirani su crte&#382;ima.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-48&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Podaci za Italiju i Sloveniju nisu uklju&#269;eni u ovu mapu ali treba napomenuti (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-48&#034;&gt;48&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Detaljna svjedo&#269;enja koja je BVMN prikupio slu&#382;e&#263;i se preciznom metodologijom, govore o raznim vrstama nasilja: uvredama, mla&#263;enjima, pretrpljenim udarcima i ozljedama, kra&#273;i, oduzimanju i uni&#353;tavanju imovine, napadima pasa, prijetnjama oru&#382;jem, saka&#263;enjima. Neke od praksi su prili&#269;no osebujne; zastra&#353;ivanje, poni&#382;avanje (kao &#353;to je ozna&#269;avanje ljudi znakom kri&#382;a crvene boje na glavi&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-49&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi primjerice &#269;lanak: ''.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-49&#034;&gt;49&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;) ili prisilno svla&#269;enje. Ljude se tako&#273;er izla&#382;e opasnosti prisiljavaju&#263;i ih da plivaju prema otvorenom moru ili u ledenim rijekama.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Me&#273;u svjedo&#269;anstvima su &#269;ak i optu&#382;be za silovanje i mu&#269;enje o kojima je, me&#273;u ostalima, izvje&#353;tavao Amnesty International. Ova izvje&#353;&#263;a su uzeta u obzir pri dono&#353;enju sudskih presuda. Sud u Rimu je, primjerice, u sije&#269;nju 2021. godine, donio presudu u korist tu&#382;itelja koji je bio podvrgnut nezakonitom, lan&#269;anom prisilnom vra&#263;anju s granice na potezu izme&#273;u Italije, Slovenije, Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine i to na temelju svjedo&#269;anstva koje je dao BVMN-u&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-50&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi , i koji detaljno prikazuju vrstu nasilja koju je po&#269;inila hrvatska (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-50&#034;&gt;50&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Ovakav rad volontera civilnog dru&#353;tva, u nedostatku bilo kakvih istraga javnih vlasti, postao je nu&#382;an za dokumentiranje &#269;injenica.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Europska geostrategija nasilja i oni koji su je pre&#382;ivjeli&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Protjerivanje, uskra&#263;ivanje azila, izgon, prisilno vra&#263;anje ili pu&#353;bek&#8230; Rije&#269;i ne mogu opisati neizbrisiv trag do&#382;ivljenog nasilja niti se brojevima ne mo&#382;e izmjeriti u&#269;inak ovih neljudskih i poni&#382;avaju&#263;ih praksi. Ali me&#273;u ljudima koje ono poga&#273;a, ra&#353;irenost ovakvog nasilja dobiva opipljiv oblik kako u vidu nebrojenih tragova koje su na ljudskim tijelima ostavili pu&#353;bekovi, tako i u njihovom traumati&#269;nim pri&#269;ama.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;U Bori&#263;ima i Lipi svi u sebi ili na sebi nose pri&#269;u o fizi&#269;kom ili psihi&#269;kom nasilju koje su izdr&#382;ali. M-u je noga ozlje&#273;ena od zadnjeg poku&#353;aja ulaska ima i sada ne mo&#382;e riskirati da se pretjerano kre&#263;e a pregled i lije&#269;ni&#269;ka skrb izostaju. Za T*-a su na hrvatskoj granici uni&#353;teni njegov cjelo&#382;ivotni rad i snovi: &lt;i&gt;&#8220;Moja je boksa&#269;ka karijera zavr&#353;ila jer su mi hrvatski policajci nanijeli ozljede na desnom i lijevom koljenu.&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ali njegova mentalna snaga omogu&#263;ava mu da stvari sagleda iz drugog kuta: &#8220;&lt;i&gt;Ima onih koji uop&#263;e nisu u stanju hodati, to se i dalje doga&#273;a ovdje u Bosni.&lt;/i&gt;&#8220; F* ka&#382;e da je pretrpio nasilje od hrvatske policije ali samom sebi ne dopu&#353;ta da o tome detaljnije govori. E* ka&#382;e da mu glazba daje snagu da ne poludi.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Daleko od samosa&#382;aljevaju&#263;ih ili viktimiziraju&#263;ih prikaza &#8211; koji nas &#382;ele uvjeriti da su ljudi nad kojima se provodi nasilje &#382;rtve po prirodi, dok su zapravo &#382;rtve jasno prepoznatljivih zakona, sustava i praksi&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-51&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;O tome kako se navedeni termini razlikuju, vidi predavanje Didiera Fassina (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-51&#034;&gt;51&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#8211; va&#382;no je odvojiti vrijeme i postaviti jednostavno pitanje: tko su ljudi na koje je takvo nasilje usmjereno?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Ovdje bi mogla napisati knjigu o svakome&#8221;&lt;/i&gt; ka&#382;e R*, jedan od ljudi koje sam upoznala u Lipi, &#269;ime ukazuje na to da su putovanja u kontekstu migracija bogata mnogobrojnim razli&#269;itim iskustvima i Rute se razlikuju ovisno o tome dolazi li netko iz Afganistana, Sirije, Iraka, Pakistana, Sjeverne ili subsaharske Afrike. Dru&#353;tveno-ekonomski profili variraju od nezaposlenih, preko studenata, do onih kvalificiranih; u Lipi &#263;ete prona&#263;i kuhara, ekonomista, in&#382;enjera, glazbenika, profesionalnog boksa&#269;a... Voza&#269;i taksija to dobro znaju: &lt;i&gt;'Me&#273;u njima &#263;ete na&#263;i visokoobrazovane ljude, diplomirane, &#269;ak i profesore'.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ovakva raznovrsna &#382;ivotna iskustva dokaz su da je uspore&#273;ivanje razloga za odlazak beskorisno: ljudi bje&#382;e od ratova kao i od progona, te od dru&#353;tvenih i politi&#269;kih okvira koji onemogu&#263;avaju dostojanstven &#382;ivot.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Drugi zabrinjavaju&#263;i trend je da su mnogi ljudi zaustavljeni u Unsko-sanskom kantonu ve&#263; proveli neko vrijeme u dr&#382;avama &#269;lanicama EU, ponekad i nekoliko godina, prije nego &#353;to su podignute nove fizi&#269;ke i administrativne barijere koje su rezultat stro&#382;ih zakona uvedenih uspostavom Schengenskog prostora 2000-ih. Kontrola se sada provodi na granicama sa Schengenskom zonom, i to od trenutka kada je zahtjev za Schengenskom vizom zaprimljen u zemlji iz koje se kre&#263;e te se time odnosi i na sve zemlje kroz koje se prolazi, a kojima su sustavi kontrole koje financira EU delegirani. I naposljetku, administrativne barijere se podi&#382;u i nakon prisilnih vra&#263;anja u zemlju podrijetla, primjerice putem zabrana ulaska na europski teritorij.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;J* mi ka&#382;e da je, prije nego &#353;to se vratio u Tunis, 1990-ih legalno &#382;ivio u Francuskoj, gdje jo&#353; uvijek &#382;ivi dio njegove obitelji. Dvadeset godina kasnije, zaputiv&#353;i se na isto putovanje, morao je pro&#263;i ilegalno kroz Tursku, Bugarsku, Sjevernu Makedoniju, Srbiju i Bosnu i Hercegovinu, gdje je sada zapeo . Nakon &#353;to je napustio Maroko, X* je radio u Italiji a zatim je deportiran u Srbiju, odakle je putovanje nastavio prema Kosovu, Albaniji i Crnoj Gori, gdje sam ga upoznala prije nego &#353;to se na&#353;ao u jednom od kampova IOM-a u Bosni.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ove pri&#269;e pokazuju da su ljudi uhva&#263;eni u tampon zoni balkanskih granica podvrgnuti procesu postupne &#8222;ilegalizacije&#8220;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-52&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Termin ilegalizirani migrant (illegalized migrant) se na&#353;iroko koristi u (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-52&#034;&gt;52&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Kao &#353;to ispravno primje&#263;uje Steffen Mau, pred onima koji se kre&#263;u balkanskim rutama stoji &#8222;kaskada granica&#8220;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-53&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Steffen Mau, 2023 [2021]. La r&#233;invention de la fronti&#232;re au XXIe si&#232;cle. S (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-53&#034;&gt;53&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Ali ova vi&#353;estruka granica djeluje i izvan balkanskog prostora. Ona je &#8222;&lt;i&gt;ugra&#273;ena u nadregionalnu konfiguraciju&lt;/i&gt;&#8220; i integrirana u upravljanje EU granicama i migracijama &#8211; odnosno preciznije, Europska unija tu granicu reaktivira na Balkanu.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ljudi uhva&#263;eni u ovu razgranatu mre&#382;u granica postepeno do&#382;ivljavaju nasilje koje se na neki na&#269;in akumulira. Osim administrativne i selekcijske funkcije , (vidi Epizodu #1 ovdje), balkanska tampon zona ima i biopoliti&#269;ku, degradiraju&#263;u funkciju: ako ljudi klasificirani kao nepo&#382;eljni ne odustanu, prelaskom granica u Europu dolaze sve vi&#353;e uni&#353;teni.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Osjetljiva tema iskustva nasilja na granici&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Postepenost nasilja poku&#353;ala sam opisati druga&#269;ije nego rije&#269;ima istra&#382;iva&#269;a, koji je sklon tome da neutralizira nasilje tako &#353;to ga objektivira. Cilj metodologije kojom se slu&#382;im na terenu je olak&#353;ati ljudima da izraze &#353;to su do&#382;ivjeli te da podijele znanja proiza&#353;la iz iskustva granica. Moj pristup se temelji na uklju&#269;ivanju ljudi u predstavljanje vlastitog putovanja, kroz participativne radionice mapiranja.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-54&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ovaj pristup proizlazi iz istra&#382;iva&#269;kog projekta CartoMobile koji je (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-54&#034;&gt;54&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Kada nasilje na granici name&#263;e nedostatak intimnog prostora i privatnosti, te uskra&#263;ivanje skloni&#353;ta, ove radionice odvijaju se u prera&#273;enom vozilu (CartoMobile), koje je dizajnirano kao prostor za predah, kreativnost i rad te koje je bolje prilago&#273;eno samoizra&#382;avanju i promi&#353;ljanju. Poput nadogradnje na tradicionalne metode promatranja i intervjuiranja, ovaj metodolo&#353;ki pristup omogu&#263;ava stvaranje kartografije koja ocrtava emocije i iskustva.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Uz pomo&#263; CartoMobile-a, koji je poput pokretnog istra&#382;iva&#269;kog laboratorija, moj cilj je ljude u pokretu potaknuti da iznesu vlastite pri&#269;e koje migracijske politike nastoje zata&#353;kati, previdjeti i u&#269;initi nevidljivima. Od 2022. godine pa do danas, iz ovog su metodolo&#353;kog pristupa proiza&#353;le putuju&#263;a izlo&#382;ba i nastanak umjetni&#269;ko-znanstvenog kolektiva koji okuplja kartografe i &#353;ezdesetak ljudi u pokretu na Balkanu, na francuskim granicama te Sredozemlju (vidi stranicu &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9jYXJ0b21vYmlsZS5oeXBvdGhlc2VzLm9yZy8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+Q2FydG9Nb2JpbGUgcHJvamVrdGE8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Na prolje&#263;e 2024. godine dovezla sam CartoMobile u blizinu kampova Lipa i Bori&#263;i. U njemu sam primila nekoliko ljudi a svi su bili pogo&#273;eni postupnim institucionalnim nasiljem tijekom njihovog putovanja prema Europi. Kartografski pothvat u kojeg sam se upustila zajedno s R*-om ilustrira njegovo putovanje od Tunisa do Bosne i Hercegovine, poku&#353;ava ga ocrtati kroz njegove o&#269;i, i pribli&#382;iti se osjetljivoj dimenziji njegovog iskustva. Narativna mapa koja proiza&#353;la iz tog pothvata nosi naziv iz njegovog kazivanja: &lt;i&gt;&#8222;Deset godina putovanja, i koliko granica prije nego &#353;to imam pravo postati netko?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-55&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;R*-ov iskaz prevela je autorica s francuskog.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-55&#034;&gt;55&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;R*-ovo putovanje kao pojedinca odra&#382;ava strukturne stvarnosti. Kao ni ono J*-u ni X*-u, ovo mu nije prvi put u Europi: 2013. godine napustio je Tunis nakon Arapskog prolje&#263;a, stigao do Italije preko mora, a zatim i do Francuske i Njema&#269;ke. Pro&#353;lo je pet godina do odbijanja njegova zahtjeva te je deportiran natrag u Tunis uz petogodi&#353;nju zabranu ulaska u EU.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;R* je na put ponovno krenuo 2019. godine, ovoga puta preko Turske. To je bio po&#269;etak niza deportacija kroz sedam zemalja jugoisto&#269;ne Europe. Tijekom petogodi&#353;njeg putovanja pa sve do na&#353;eg susreta u Bosni i Hercegovini &#8211; &#353;to se vidi i na karti&#8211;granica je postajala sve gu&#353;&#263;a, a putovanje se fragmentira zbog potrage za novim rutama kroz zemlje &#269;lanice EU (Gr&#269;ku, Ma&#273;arsku, Slova&#269;ku i Hrvatsku) ili kroz zemlje koje nisu &#269;lanice, a primjenjuju mjere kontrole granica koje promi&#269;e EU (Sjeverna Makedonija, Kosovo, Srbija i Bosna i Hercegovina). Ova etapa putovanja razotkriva &#8222;kaskadnu&#8220; granicu kakvu se mo&#382;e do&#382;ivjeti kako se pribli&#382;avamo EU-u, i kada je osoba prisiljena putovati putevima koji su postali nezakoniti.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;R*-ovo svjedo&#269;anstvo je jedno od onih koje dovodi u pitanje ulogu Frontexa, agencije koju se proziva za nezakonita i nasilna prisilna vra&#263;anja na dvije etape putovanja (na granici Sjeverne Makedonije i Gr&#269;ke te Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-56&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ulogu i odgovornost Frontexa na Balkanu istra&#382;ujemo u nadolaze&#263;im portfolio (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-56&#034;&gt;56&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Po njegovom mi&#353;ljenju, iskustvo granice mo&#382;e se shvatiti na nekoliko razina. Osim geopoliti&#269;kih i administrativnih barijera, postoje fizi&#269;ke, geografske i tjelesne granice: s jedne strane su mediteransko more balkanske planine i rijeke poput ove u koju je slu&#269;ajno upao 2023. godine a s druge njegovo vlastito tijelo tu je i njegovo vlastito tijelo, onemo&#263;alo od nesre&#263;e te boravka u bolnici na nekoliko mjeseci. Tako je R* dijelom objasnio te&#353;ko&#263;e u svojim poku&#353;ajima gejma prema Hrvatskoj.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#268;injenica da se osje&#263;a kao da je sada nakon cijelog putovanja &#8220;zapeo&#8221; u Bosni i Hercegovini je tako&#273;er posljedica poo&#353;trenih mjera kontrole na granici izme&#273;u Hrvatske i BiH:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8222;Oti&#353;ao sam prije deset godina, pre&#353;ao sam preko vi&#353;e od deset zemalja. Sada sam deset mjeseci zapeo ovdje u Bosni. Naposljetku su me zaustavili na hrvatskoj granici. Od svih granica hrvatsku je najte&#382;e prije&#263;i&lt;/i&gt;.&#8220;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Me&#273;utim, rije&#269;i kojima je popratio na&#353; proces mapiranja odra&#382;avaju svijest o tome da je svrha neselektivnog policijskog nasilja odvra&#263;anje. &lt;i&gt;&#8220;Tuku nas puno da bi nas prestra&#353;ili, da bi nas sprije&#269;ili da ponovno prije&#273;emo granicu. Ali oni se boje terorista a ne ljudi poput nas.&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Crte&#382;ima koje smo ja i R* izabrali cilj je retrospektivno prenijeti ovo pro&#353;lo iskustvo. Iskustvo tijela pogo&#273;enog tegobama putovanja koje se nalazi u sredi&#353;tu mape. Iskustvo granice koja te zarobljava - &#353;to se odra&#382;ava kru&#382;nim rasporedom prije&#273;enih zemalja. Iskustvo rascjepkano vi&#353;estrukim istjerivanjima koje je prikazano premje&#353;tanjem prostornih oznaka. Iskustvo ljepljive, sveprisutne i podmukle ilegalnosti predo&#269;ene dijeli&#263;ima iskustva koji se kru&#382;no isprepli&#263;u utiru&#263;i put. Iskustvo vremena koje ide u krug, te vje&#269;nog gejma koji kre&#263;e uvijek iznova. I naposljetku, iskustvo nesigurnosti i neshva&#263;enosti stanja u kojem se nalazi a koje se odra&#382;ava njegovim pitanjem: &lt;i&gt;&#8221;Koliko jo&#353; granica &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;[&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;moram prije&#263;i&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;] da bih imao pravo postati netko?&#8221;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Na razini migracijskih kretanja koja traju nekoliko godina, nasilje na granicama prodire u sje&#263;anja ali isto tako utje&#269;e i na &#353;anse za budu&#263;nost. B* &#382;ali zbog &#269;injenice &#353;to se na nogama njegovog mla&#273;eg brata vide o&#382;iljci s dugog putovanja od Sirije do Balkana. H* je opisao kako mu se zdravlje pogor&#353;alo otkako je bio zatvoren u Srbiji i pokazao mi lijekove za anksioznost koje su mu dali u kampu Lipa: &#8220;&lt;i&gt;Bio sam sportski tip a sada samo cigarete, psiholog, lijekovi&lt;/i&gt;&#8221;. E* na&#353;iroko govori o tome &#353;to zna&#269;i biti crnac na Balkanu otkako je do&#353;ao na jedan otok na granici izme&#273;u Gr&#269;ke i Turske.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ono &#353;to ih je fizi&#269;ki i psihi&#269;ki pogodilo tijekom putovanja Balkanom primje&#263;uje se bez obzira na prolazak vremena i na razdaljinu, kao &#353;to je slu&#269;aj kod onih koji kasnije stignu do francusko-talijanske granice o &#269;emu svjedo&#269;i rad organizacije Lije&#269;nici svijeta (M&#233;decins du monde) u Brian&#231;onu&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-57&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi posebno radove na u Brian&#231;onu.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-57&#034;&gt;57&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. U mapi ni&#382;e, koja je nastala u skloni&#353;tu udruge Terrasses Solidaires u Brian&#231;onu 2023. godine, Marouane je svoje iskustvo Balkana rekonstruirao dovode&#263;i u vezu emociju ili klju&#269;nu rije&#269; sa svakom od zemalja koju je pre&#353;ao: agonija [agonie] za Maroko, rasizam [racisme] za Tursku, strah [peur] za Srbiju i smrt [mort] za Ma&#273;arsku. Op&#263;enito, kada ljudi u zbjegu pobjegnu s Balkana, retrospektivni prikaz tog putovanja poprima oblik pravog &#8220;putovanja smrti&#8221;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-58&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi &#269;lanak kojeg je napisala Ma&#239;a Courtois tijekom CartoMobile radionica u (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-58&#034;&gt;58&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='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'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I dok su pri&#269;e o nasilju na granicama jedinstvene, odnosno pri&#269;e pojedinaca, dovoljno su se puta ponovile te na taj na&#269;in postale zna&#269;ajne i pou&#269;ne. Ogromna koli&#269;ina svjedo&#269;anstava otkriva iskustvo &#8220;pokretne&#8221; granice ili &#8220;grani&#269;nosti&#8221; koje se primjenjuje du&#382; puta bez mnogo razlikovanja&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-59&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi rad Anne-Laure Amilhat Szary i Fr&#233;d&#233;rica Girauta, 2015., Borderities (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-59&#034;&gt;59&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Nekoliko je autora ukazalo je na to da je nasilje integralni i strukturni dio granice ili u smislu potvr&#273;ivanja Dr&#382;ave&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-60&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi Reece Jones, 2016., Violent Borders. Refugees and the Right to Move, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-60&#034;&gt;60&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ili u smislu li&#353;avanja ljudi odre&#273;enih resursa&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-61&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Vidi Sandro Mezzadra and Brett Neilson, 2013., Border as Method, or the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-61&#034;&gt;61&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Iz R*-ovih pri&#269;a i pri&#269;a drugih ljudi koje sam upoznala na granici izme&#273;u BiH i Hrvatske, shvatila sam da ih se zakida za osobna postignu&#263;a i prili&#269;no jednostavne &#382;ivotne projekte u odnosu na koje se ratni&#269;ka geostrategija koju primjenjuje EU &#269;ini nesrazmjernom.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Najzad, svjedo&#269;anstva s Balkana dovode do zastra&#353;uju&#263;eg zaklju&#269;ka, a taj je da je fizi&#269;ko i psiholo&#353;ko nasilje postalo dijelom strategije grani&#269;ne kontrole u nekoliko europskih dr&#382;ava pri &#269;emu ih u tome podr&#382;ava i EU . Grani&#269;ni filter ne funkcionira vi&#353;e na razini prava povezanih sa statusom osobama u zbjegu (jer se prava masovno kr&#353;e), nego na temelju sposobnosti pojedinca da pre&#382;ivi institucionalizirano nasilje.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Oni koji iz toga iza&#273;u neozlje&#273;eni su oni koji su pre&#382;ivjeli europsku granicu.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;U nastavku slijedi: Kako je u hrvatskoj policiji do&#353;lo do takve razine nasilja i nezakonitosti? Kakva je odgovornost Frontexa koja je sve vi&#353;e prisutna na Balkanu?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/hr&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Klju&#269;ne rije&#269;i&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Migracija, Schengenske granice, migracijske politike Europske unije, eksternalizacija, policijsko nasilje, smrtni slu&#269;ajevi na granicama, kampovi, Hrvatska, Bosna i Hercegovina, Crna Gora, Albanija&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Zahvale&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9IbGsyMTcwMjk1NjYiPjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Zahvaljujem ljudima u pokretu koje sam susrela na putevima i uz obale rijeka koje spominjem, ljudima iz kolektiva, udruga, sveu&#269;ili&#353;ta i institucija s kojima sam razgovarala, kao i Louisu Fernieru, Romainu Koselleku, Evi Ottavy, Elsi Putelat i Marijani Hamer&#353;ak na njihovoj neprocjenjivoj pomo&#263;i prije i tijekom ovog terenskog istra&#382;ivanja.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Bilje&#353;ka o istra&#382;ivanju&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ova serija portfolio &#269;lanaka rezultat je terenskog istra&#382;ivanja provedenog na prolje&#263;e 2024. godine u nekoliko zemalja jugoisto&#269;ne Europe: Hrvatskoj, Bosni i Hercegovini, Crnoj Gori i Albaniji. Tekst je podijeljen sa svim sugovornicima na terenu. A&#382;uriranja se mogu dodavati, sukladno zahtjevima za informacijama poslanima Frontexu i raznim ministarstvima unutarnjih poslova/sigurnosti.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ova publikacija je dio rada kojeg autorica provodi u sklopu Francuskog nacionalnog centra za znanstvena istra&#382;ivanja (CNRS) o nasilju na pograni&#269;nim podru&#269;jima &#8211; na Balkanu, u Italiji, Francuskoj i sredi&#353;njem Sredozemlju. Uz metode kojima se slu&#382;e dru&#353;tvene znanosti poput promatranja i intervjua, Morgane Dujmovi&#263;, putuju&#263;i u konvertiranom vozilu s ciljem provo&#273;enja radionica participativnog mapiranja zajedno s migrantima uhva&#263;enima u mre&#382;u granica, koristi mobilni ure&#273;aj. Ova metodologija omogu&#263;ava da se te osobe predstave vlastite narative u kontekstu migracijskih politika koje ih nastoje marginalizirati, u&#269;initi nevidljivima i uti&#353;ati. Projekt ima za cilj razviti osjetljivu i &#8222;iskustvenu&#8220; kartografiju europskih granica a rezultirao je putuju&#263;om izlo&#382;bom i stvaranjem umjetni&#269;ko-znanstvenog kolektiva koji okuplja kartografe i migrante. Vidi web stranicu &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9jYXJ0b21vYmlsZS5oeXBvdGhlc2VzLm9yZy8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+cHJvamVrdGEgQ2FydG9Nb2JpbGU8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (u izradi).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Prijevod na hrvatski: Ana Cukrov i Morgane Dujmovi&#263;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Morgane Dujmovi&#263; je geografkinja i politologinja pri CNRS-u. Trenutno radi u laboratoriju &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucGFjdGUtZ3Jlbm9ibGUuZnIvZnIvbW9yZ2FuZS1kdWptb3ZpYyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5QYWN0ZTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (Sveu&#269;ili&#353;te Grenoble-Alpes). U Francuskoj je tako&#273;er suradnica Instituta Convergences Migrations (Pariz), euro-afri&#269;ke mre&#382;e Migreurop te Nacionalnog udru&#382;enja za pomo&#263; strancima na granicama (Anaf&#233;).&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Autorica je doktorske disertacije o kontroli migracija i eksternalizaciji granica Europske unije u Hrvatskoj pod nazivom: &#8222;Dru&#353;tvena i kriti&#269;ka geografija kontrole migracija u Hrvatskoj&#8221;. (&#8222;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly90aGVzZXMuZnIvMjAxOUFJWE0wNjQ2IiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPlVuZSBnw6lvZ3JhcGhpZSBzb2NpYWxlIGNyaXRpcXVlIGR1IGNvbnRyw7RsZSBtaWdyYXRvaXJlIGVuIENyb2F0aWU6IGFuY3JhZ2VzIGV0IG1pcmFnZXMgZCYjODIxNzt1biBkaXNwb3NpdGlmPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#8221;). Objavila je brojne &#269;lanke i formate o europskim granicama te trenutno koordinira projekt &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9IbGsyMTcwMjk3ODAiPjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
senzorne i participativne kartografije s migrantima, projekt &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9jYXJ0b21vYmlsZS5oeXBvdGhlc2VzLm9yZy8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+Q2FydG9Nb2JpbGU8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Diljem svijeta poznati nacionalni park, na UNESCO-ovom popisu svjetske ba&#353;tine koji godi&#353;nje ima preko milijun posjetitelja.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Godine 1991. nakon progla&#353;enja hrvatske nezavisnosti progla&#353;ena je Republika Srpska Krajina (RSK). &#268;etiri godine kasnije prostor Krajine bio je mjesto doga&#273;anja munjevite ofenzive hrvatskih oru&#382;anih snaga, poznate pod nazivom &#8222;Oluja&#8220;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;O zatvaranju koridora 2016. godine, vidi primjerice &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9jaHJvbWUtZXh0ZW5zaW9uOi9lZmFpZG5ibW5ubmlicGNhanBjZ2xjbGVmaW5kbWthai9odHRwczovYm9yZGVybW9uaXRvcmluZy5ldS93cC1jb250ZW50L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAxOC8wOS9Gb3JtYXRpb25fYW5kX0Rpc2ludGVncmF0aW9uX29mX3RoZV9CYWxrYW5fUmVmdWdlZV9Db3JyaWRvci0yMDE4LnBkZiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5FbWluYSBCdcW+aW5racSHIGkgTWFyaWphbmEgSGFtZXLFoWFrIDIwMTcuPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; i &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9kcm9pdC5jYWlybi5pbmZvL3JldnVlLXBsZWluLWRyb2l0LTIwMTYtND9sYW5nPWZyIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPk1vcmdhbmUgRHVqbW92acSHIDIwMTYuPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Za dubinsku analizu koridora i progresivnih mehanizama zatvaranja granica vidi &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly90aGVzZXMuZnIvMjAxOUFJWE0wNjQ2IiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPk1vcmdhbmUgRHVqbW92acSHIDIwMTkuPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (Doktorski rad, dio III) i &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly90aGVzZXMuZnIvMjAyMlBPSVQ1MDAxIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkx1Y2llIEJhY29uIDIwMjIuPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (Doktorski rad, tre&#263;e poglavlje).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Hrvatska se pridru&#382;ila Schengenskom podru&#269;ju u 1. sije&#269;nja 2023. kada su uklonjene grani&#269;ne kontrole na granicama sa Slovenijom, Ma&#273;arskom i Italijom, dok su kontrole vezane uz zra&#269;ni promet ubla&#382;ene 26. o&#382;ujka 2023.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi doktorski rad autorice u kojem se prate spomenuti procesi od 2000. do 2016. godine: &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly90aGVzZXMuZnIvMjAxOUFJWE0wNjQ2IiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkEgc29jaWFsIGFuZCBjcml0aWNhbCBnZW9ncmFwaHkgb2YgbWlncmF0aW9uIGNvbnRyb2wgaW4gQ3JvYXRpYS48L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Ova funkcija &#8220;filtracije&#8221; odnosi se na cijeli Balkanski poluotok od 2000. godine, vidi primjerice kartu &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9lbi5jbG9zZXRoZWNhbXBzLm9yZy8yMDE1LzEyLzA5L3RoZS1iYWxrYW4tYnVmZmVyLXpvbmUvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPuKAnFRoZSBCYWxrYW4gYnVmZmVyIHpvbmXigJ08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (2015).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Zahtjev za &#269;lanstvom Bosne i Hercegovine predan je 15. velja&#269;e 2016. godine, vidi &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY29uc2lsaXVtLmV1cm9wYS5ldS9lbi9wb2xpY2llcy9ib3NuaWEtaGVyemVnb3ZpbmEvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnN0cmFuaWNlIFZpamXEh2EuPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Ovakvo strate&#353;ki isplanirano kori&#353;tenje prostora je sli&#269;no onom koje je primije&#263;eno ve&#263; 2015. u dolini Roye u Francuskoj, blizu granice s Italijom, vidi kartu &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUyODc4Lmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWZyIj7igJxWYWxsw6llIGRlIGxhIFJveWE6IHVuIHRlcnJhaW4gZGUgY2hhc3NlIG1ldXJ0cmllciBkYW5zIGzigJllc3BhY2UgU2NoZW5nZW7igJ08L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (2017).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Prema &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9iaWguaW9tLmludC90ZW1wb3JhcnktcmVjZXB0aW9uLWNlbnRlci1wcm9maWxlcyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5zdGF0aXN0aWNpIGtvanUgamUgcHJpa3VwaW8gSU9NIHUgQm9zbmkgaSBIZXJjZWdvdmluaTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; broj ulazaka u 2018. godini bio je 24 067 &#353;to je trideset puta vi&#353;e nego prethodne godine (755 u 2017. godini).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Kazivanje zabilje&#382;eno u travnju 2024. Prevela autorica.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi tada objavljen &#269;lanak: &#8221;Stotine migranata izmje&#353;tene iz IOM kampa u Bosni&#8221;. (&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5mb21pZ3JhbnRzLm5ldC9mci9wb3N0LzI3Njc2L2VuLWJvc25pZS1kZXMtY2VudGFpbmVzLWRlLW1pZ3JhbnRzLWV4cHVsc2VzLWR1bi1jYW1wLWRlLWxvaW0iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#8221;En Bosnie, des centaines de migrants ex&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9IbHQyMTA3NTcwMTciPjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaWQ9Il9IbHQyMTA3NTcwMTYiPjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
puls&#233;s d'un camp de l'OIM&#8221;&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;O kronololo&#353;kom tijeku uspostavljanja ovog mjesta, vidi kratak pregled Louisa Ferniera za &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9jaHJvbWUtZXh0ZW5zaW9uOi9lZmFpZG5ibW5ubmlicGNhanBjZ2xjbGVmaW5kbWthai9odHRwczovby1jci5vcmcvd3AtY29udGVudC91cGxvYWRzLzIwMjMvMDIvTGlwYS1Cb3NuaWUucGRmIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPk9ic2VydmF0b2lyZSBkZXMgQ2FtcHMgZGUgUsOpZnVnacOpLWUtczwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, str.4-5.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93ZWJhbGthbnMuZXUvZW4vbmV3cy9yZW5vdmF0aW9uLW9mLWJvcmljaS1taWdyYW50LXJlY2VwdGlvbi1jZW50cmUtdGhhbmtzLXRvLXRoZS1ldS8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+c3RhdGlzdGlrdSBrb2p1IGplIGRlbGVnYWNpamEgRXVyb3Bza2UgdW5pamUgdSBCb3NuaSBpIEhlcmNlZ292aW5pIG9iamF2aWxhPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; u srpnju 2024. prilikom inauguracije radova zgrada.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi primjerice stranicu Ministarstva sigurnosti i &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9zcHMuZ292LmJhLz9wYWdlX2lkPTI0NzYmYW1wO2xhbmc9ZW4iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+U2x1xb5idSB6YSBwb3Nsb3ZlIHNhIHN0cmFuY2ltYTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (SPS/SFA).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi Saskia Sassen: &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY2Fpcm4uaW5mby9yZXZ1ZS1tdWx0aXR1ZGVzLTIwMTAtNC1wYWdlLTUwLmh0bT9yZWY9ZG9pIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPlZpbGxlcyBlbnRyZSB2aWVpbGxlcyBmcm9udGnDqHJlcyBldCBub3V2ZWxsZXMgY2zDtHR1cmVzIGR1IGNhcGl0YWw8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, Multitudes, 2010/4 (no. 43), pstr. 50-59.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Izvadak je s bosanskohercegova&#269;kog prevela autorica. Vidi cijeli &#269;lanak: &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuMjRzYXRhLmhyL25ld3MvcG9saWNpamEtZXZha3VpcmEtMjUwLWlsZWdhbG5paC1taWdyYW50YS1pei1iaWhhY2EtdS1rYW1wdS1saXBhLWltYS1kb3ZvbGpuby1tamVzdGEtemEtc3ZlLTc2MjY4NyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj4mIzgyMTc7UG9saWNpamEgZXZha3VpcmEgMjUwIGlsZWdhbG5paCBtaWdyYW5hdGEgaXogQmloYcSHYTogdSBrYW1wdSBMaXBhIGltYSBkb3ZvbGpubyBtamVzdGEgemEgc3ZlLuKAnDwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9iaWguaW9tLmludC9uZXdzL2Zvcm1lci1zdHVkZW50LWRvcm1pdG9yeS1ib3JpY2ktcmVub3ZhdGVkLXRoYW5rcy1ldSIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5wcmlvcMSHZW5qZSB6YSBqYXZub3N0IElPTS1hPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; u kojem se spominje ova svota.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi izvje&#353;taj koji je objavljenj iste godine. Bisiaux &amp; al., 2021, '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzMTkxLmh0bWw/bGFuZ19hcnRpY2xlPWVuIj5FbmRsZXNzIGV4aWxlcyAtIE1pZ3JhdGlvbiBibGFja21haWwgYWxvbmcgdGhlIEJhbGthbiByb3V0ZTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;', str. 9.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;O dvosmislenoj ulozi IOM-a, vidi sveobuhvatan izvje&#353;taj kojeg je objavila Nid&#382;ara Ahmeta&#353;evi&#263; et al&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;, 2023: '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudG5pLm9yZy9lbi9wdWJsaWNhdGlvbi9yZXBhY2thZ2luZy1pbXBlcmlhbGlzbSIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5SZXBhY2thZ2luZyBJbXBlcmlhbGlzbS4gVGhlIEVVIOKAkyBJT00gYm9yZGVyIHJlZ2ltZSBpbiB0aGUgQmFsa2FuczwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9uZWlnaGJvdXJob29kLWVubGFyZ2VtZW50LmVjLmV1cm9wYS5ldS9kb2N1bWVudC9kb3dubG9hZC9lMzA0NWVjOS1mMmZjLTQ1YzgtYTk3Zi01OGEyZDliOTk0NWFfZW4/ZmlsZW5hbWU9U1dEXzIwMjNfNjkxJTIwQm9zbmlhJTIwYW5kJTIwSGVyemVnb3ZpbmElMjByZXBvcnQucGRmIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkl6dmplxaF0YWogRVUgbyBuYXByZXRrdSB6YSBnb2RpbnUgMjAyMjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. (&lt;i&gt;Commission monitoring report for the year 2022&lt;/i&gt;), str. 48. and 57.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi stranicu IOM-a: '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9iaWguaW9tLmludC90ZW1wb3JhcnktcmVjZXB0aW9uLWNlbnRlci1wcm9maWxlcyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5UZW1wb3JhcnkgUmVjZXB0aW9uIENlbnRlciBwcm9maWxlcyYjODIxNzs8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Kazivanje zabilje&#382;eno u travnju 2024.godine. S bosanskohercegova&#269;kog prevela autorica.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9uZWlnaGJvdXJob29kLWVubGFyZ2VtZW50LmVjLmV1cm9wYS5ldS9kb2N1bWVudC9kb3dubG9hZC9lMzA0NWVjOS1mMmZjLTQ1YzgtYTk3Zi01OGEyZDliOTk0NWFfZW4/ZmlsZW5hbWU9U1dEXzIwMjNfNjkxJTIwQm9zbmlhJTIwYW5kJTIwSGVyemVnb3ZpbmElMjByZXBvcnQucGRmIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkl6dmplxaF0YWogRVUgbyBuYXByZXRrdSB6YSBnb2RpbnUgMjAyMjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, str. 57-58.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi Louis Fernier i Morgane Dujmovi&#263;: '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9oYWwuc2NpZW5jZS9oYWwtMDQ1Njg5MzciIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+RnJvbnRpw6hyZXMgdmlvbGVudGVzLCByZWNoZXJjaGVzIMOgIHJpc3F1ZSA6IHPigJllbmdhZ2VyIHBhciBsZSBtb3V2ZW1lbnQ8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Odnosi se na termin &#8222;prostorne povrede&#8220; koji obuhva&#263;a situacije u kojima akteri osje&#263;aju da vi&#353;e nemaju kontrolu nad udaljenostima te su &#382;rtve ometanja&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;ili&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;izolacije&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi IOM-ovu stranicu &#8220;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9iaWguaW9tLmludC9zaXR1YXRpb24tcmVwb3J0cyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5TaXR1YXRpb24gUmVwb3J0czwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#8221; koja pokazuje razvoj u odnosu na broj ljudi koju je organizacija registrirala a koja se a&#382;urira svaka dva tjedna. (Zadnja posjet stranici: 3.5.2024.).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Ovo se odnosi na donaciju u visini od 725 000 konvertibilnih BiH maraka iz instrumenta pretpristupne pomo&#263;i (projekt IPA). Vidi: &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9iaWguaW9tLmludC9uZXdzL2V1cm9wZWFuLXVuaW9uLWRvbmF0ZXMtdGVuLXJvYWQtdmVoaWNsZXMtZGlyZWN0b3JhdGUtY29vcmRpbmF0aW9uLXBvbGljZS1ib2RpZXMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+SW5kaXZpZHVhbCBtZWFzdXJlIHRvIHN0cmVuZ3RoZW4gdGhlIHJlc3BvbnNlIGNhcGFjaXR5IHRvIG1hbmFnZSBtaWdyYXRpb24gZmxvd3MgaW4gQm9zbmlhIGFuZCBIZXJ6ZWdvdmluYTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;U sklopu projekta &#8220;Special Measures to Support the Response to the Refugee and Migrant Situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina Phase III&#8220;. Vidi: &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9iaWguaW9tLmludC9uZXdzL2V1cm9wZWFuLXVuaW9uLWRvbmF0ZWQtdGVuLXNwZWNpYWxpemVkLXZlaGljbGVzLWJvcmRlci1wb2xpY2UtYm9zbmlhLWFuZC1oZXJ6ZWdvdmluYSIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5UaGUgRXVyb3BlYW4gVW5pb24gZG9uYXRlZCB0ZW4gc3BlY2lhbGl6ZWQgdmVoaWNsZXMgdG8gdGhlIEJvcmRlciBQb2xpY2Ugb2YgQm9zbmlhIGFuZCBIZXJ6ZWdvdmluYTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-30&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-30&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Kazivanje zabilje&#382;eno u travnju 2024. S bosanskohercegova&#269;kog prevela autorica.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-31&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-31&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-31&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Svi iskazi voza&#269;a taksija prikupljeni su jedan na jedan i u povjerenju, a objedinjeni su dobrovoljno u svrhu anonimizacije. S bosanskohercegova&#269;kog jezika prevela ih je autorica.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-32&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-32&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-32&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vi&#353;e o na&#269;inima i slu&#269;ajevima kriminalizacije o kojima je izvje&#353;tavala Border Violence Monitoring Network (BVMN) vidi u izvje&#353;&#263;u iz 2022. &#8220;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ib3JkZXJ2aW9sZW5jZS5ldS9hcHAvdXBsb2Fkcy9DcmltaW5hbGlzYXRpb24ucGRmIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkFjY3VzZWQgb2Ygc29saWRhcml0eS4gQSBSZXBvcnQgb24gSW5jaWRlbnRzIG9mIENyaW1pbmFsaXNhdGlvbiBUYXJnZXRpbmcgQlZNTiBNZW1iZXIgT3JnYW5pc2F0aW9ucyBhbmQgdGhlaXIgVGVhbSBNZW1iZXJzIGluIDIwMjEmbmJzcDs8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-33&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-33&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-33&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi stranice informativne agencije o migrantima na &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuY291cnJpZXJkZXNiYWxrYW5zLmZyL1JlZnVnaWVzLUJhbGthbnMtTGVzLWRlcm5pZXJlcy1pbmZvIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPntDb3VycmllciBkZXMgQmFsa2Fuc308L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 22. Listopada 2023.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-34&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-34&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-34&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;34&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Od trenutka ulaska Hrvatske u Schengensko podru&#269;je 1. sije&#269;nja 2023.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-35&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-35&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-35&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;35&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Projekt CartoMobile nastao je u okviru autori&#269;inog rada na CNRS-u, na razli&#269;itim pograni&#269;nim podru&#269;jima s mnogo nasilja- na Balkanu, u Italiji, Francuskoj i sredi&#353;njem Sredozemlju. Cilj mu je razviti osjetljivu i 'iskustvenu' kartografiju europskih granica. Iz njega je proiza&#353;la putuju&#263;a izlo&#382;ba te pojava umjetni&#269;ko-znanstvenog kolektiva koji okuplja kartografe i ljude u pokretu. Vidi stranicu &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9jYXJ0b21vYmlsZS5oeXBvdGhlc2VzLm9yZy8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+Q2FydG9Nb2JpbGUgcHJvamVrdGE8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (u izradi).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-36&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-36&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-36&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;36&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Ovako se zovu vi&#353;estruki poku&#353;aji prelaska granice nakon kojih &#269;esto slijedi prisilno vra&#263;anje&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-37&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-37&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-37&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;37&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Kako bi se za&#353;titila njihova anonimnost, osobama u zbjegu koje se nalaze u kampovima Lipa i Bori&#263;i u ovom tekstu im je, uz njihovu suglasnost, dodijeljeno nasumi&#269;no odabrano slovo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-38&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-38&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-38&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;38&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Pravi razlog koji se krije iza potpisivanja sporazuma o ponovnom prihvatu je omogu&#263;iti protjerivanja iz dr&#382;ave &#269;lanice EU-a u balkansku dr&#382;avu koja nije &#269;lanica EU-a (njihovih dr&#382;avljana ili dr&#382;avljana tre&#263;ih zemalja); &#353;tovi&#353;e, ponovni prihvati su bilateralni sporazumi koji omogu&#263;uju ubrzano udaljenje iz dr&#382;ave u dr&#382;avu. Osim toga, model koji se promi&#269;e u pra&#263;enju zahtjeva za &#269;lanstvom u EU poti&#269;e balkanske dr&#382;ave da potpi&#353;u sporazume o readmisiji s tre&#263;im dr&#382;avama iz kojih potje&#269;u mnoge osobe u zbjegu (primjerice Pakistan, s kojim je Bosna i Hercegovina sklopila sporazum o readmisiji u studenom 2020., a koji je na snazi &#8203;&#8203;od srpnja 2021.). Vidi radni dokument osoblja Komisije za Bosnu i Hercegovinu u 2023., str. 57.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-39&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-39&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-39&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;39&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Od engleskog &lt;i&gt;pushbacks&lt;/i&gt;: vidi vi&#353;e na &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9lLWVyaW0uaWVmLmhyL3BvamFtL3AtcHUtc2Nhcm9uLWJlay1wP2xvY2FsZT1ociIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5zdHJhbmljaSBFUklNLWE8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-40&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-40&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-40&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;40&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi na stranici BVMN-a &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ib3JkZXJ2aW9sZW5jZS5ldS9hYm91dC91bmRlcnN0YW5kaW5nLXB1c2hiYWNrcy8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+VW5kZXJzdGFuZGluZyBwdXNoYmFja3MmbmJzcDs8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-41&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-41&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-41&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;41&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Za vi&#353;e informacija o periodu kada su takozvani &#8220;koridor&#8221;, granice i tranzitni kampovi bili zatvoreni vidi izvore citirane u Epizodi 1: &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ib3JkZXJtb25pdG9yaW5nLmV1L3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDE4LzA5L0Zvcm1hdGlvbl9hbmRfRGlzaW50ZWdyYXRpb25fb2ZfdGhlX0JhbGthbl9SZWZ1Z2VlX0NvcnJpZG9yLTIwMTgucGRmIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkVtaW5hIEJ1xb5pbmtpxIcgJmFtcDsgTWFyaWphbmEgSGFtZXLFoWFrIDIwMTc8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly90aGVzZXMuZnIvMjAxOUFJWE0wNjQ2IiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPk1vcmdhbmUgRHVqbW92acSHLCAyMDE5IChwYXJ0IDMgb2YgdGhlIFBoRCB0aGVzaXMpPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; i &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly90aGVzZXMuZnIvMjAyMlBPSVQ1MDAxIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkx1Y2llIEJhY29uLCAyMDIyIChQYXJ0IDMgb2YgdGhlIFBoRCB0aGVzaXMpPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-42&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-42&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-42&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;42&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi stranicu posve&#263;enu unutarnjim granicama EU na &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy5hbmFmZS5vcmcvc3BpcC5waHA/bW90MzEiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+QW5hZsOpIHN0cmFuaWNpPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; te &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cDovL2FuYWZlLm9yZy9JTUcvcGRmL25vdGVhbmFseXNlX3dlYl8tX2NhZmktYW5hZmVfY29udHJvbGVzX21pZ3JhdG9pcmVzX2FfbGFfZnJvbnRpZXJlX2ZyYW5jby1lc3BhZ25vbGUucGRmIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPml6dmplxaF0YWogcyBmcmFuY3Vza28txaFwYW5qb2xza2UgZ3JhbmljZTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; kojeg su 2023. godine objavile Anaf&#233; CAFI mre&#382;a.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-43&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-43&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-43&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;43&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Odluka Europskog suda potvr&#273;ena je odlukom Francuskog dr&#382;avnog vije&#263;a 2. velja&#269;e 2024. izjasniv&#353;i se o izvr&#353;enju postupka prisilnog vra&#263;anja u Italiju. Nakon toga uslijedila je i okvirna odluka koju je objavio francuski ombudsman 25. travnja 2024 koja je dovela do dvogodi&#353;nje istrage na francusko-talijanskoj granici. Za vi&#353;e informacijama o ovim odlukama vidi mre&#382;ni te&#269;aj obuke kojeg organizira Anaf&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-44&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-44&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-44&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;44&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi primjerice: Harold Robert, 2021. '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudmlzaW9uc2NhcnRvLm5ldC9faGFyb2xkLXJvYmVydF8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+RnJvbnRpw6hyZXMgOiBsZSDCqyBnYW1lIMK7IGRlcyBleGlsw6nCt2VzLCBteXRoZSBkZSBTaXN5cGhlIGNvbnRlbXBvcmFpbjwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-45&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-45&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-45&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;45&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi izvje&#353;taj No Name Kitchen kolektiva: '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubm9uYW1la2l0Y2hlbi5vcmcvbm8tbmFtZS1raXRjaGVuLWFuZC10aGUtbmV3ZXN0LWJvcmRlci12aW9sZW5jZS1zcGVjaWFsLXJlcG9ydC13ZS1wcmVzZW50LXRoZS1ibG9vZHktYm9yZGVycy1wcm9qZWN0LyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5CbG9vZHkgQm9yZGVyIFByb2plY3Q8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;' i izvje&#353;taj Amnesty Internationala iz 2024. godine: &#8220;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1uZXN0eS5vcmcvZW4vZG9jdW1lbnRzL3BvbDEwLzcyMDAvMjAyNC9lbi8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+VGhlIFN0YXRlIG9mIHRoZSBXb3JsZOKAmXMgSHVtYW4gUmlnaHRzOiBBcHJpbCAyMDI0PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;', str. 186.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-46&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-46&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-46&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;46&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Kao npr. slijede&#263;a izjava Ujedinjenih naroda u travnju 2021. godine: '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ib3NuaWFoZXJ6ZWdvdmluYS51bi5vcmcvZW4vMTIzOTE0LXVuLWJvc25pYS1hbmQtaGVyemVnb3ZpbmEtY29uY2VybmVkLXZpb2xlbnQtcHVzaGJhY2stbWlncmFudHMtYXN5bHVtLXNlZWtlcnMtYW5kLXJlZnVnZWVzIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPlRoZSBVTiBpbiBCb3NuaWEgYW5kIEhlcnplZ292aW5hIGlzIGNvbmNlcm5lZCBieSB2aW9sZW50IHB1c2hiYWNrIG9mIG1pZ3JhbnRzLCBhc3lsdW0tc2Vla2VycyBhbmQgcmVmdWdlZXM8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-47&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-47&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-47&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;47&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi pro&#353;ireno izdanje iz 2022.: &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9hY3JvYmF0LmFkb2JlLmNvbS9saW5rL3RyYWNrP3VyaT11cm4lM0FhYWlkJTNBc2NkcyUzQVVTJTNBY2I1YTlhYWEtZWU2Mi0zMjg2LWE1MDUtMGQ5MTIyYjY5YjhmJmFtcDt2aWV3ZXIlMjFtZWdhVmVyYj1ncm91cC1kaXNjb3ZlciIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj57QmxhY2sgYm9vayBvZiBwdXNoYmFja3N9PC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;i &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ib3JkZXJ2aW9sZW5jZS5ldS90ZXN0aW1vbmllcy8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+YmF6dSBwb2RhdGFrYSBCVk1OLWE8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-48&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-48&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-48&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;48&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Podaci za Italiju i Sloveniju nisu uklju&#269;eni u ovu mapu ali treba napomenuti da je nasilje zabilje&#382;eno i tamo. Zabilje&#382;eni slu&#269;aj nasilja najvjerojatnije &#263;e se ticati iste osobe ako je ta osoba zlostavljana tijekom prisilnog vra&#263;anja (u vi&#353;e navrata). Ova mapa je prvi put objavljena u atlasu Migreuropa. (IV izdanje), objavljenom 2022. godine: &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9taWdyZXVyb3Aub3JnL2FydGljbGUzMTE5Lmh0bWwiPntBdGxhcyBkZXMgbWlncmF0aW9ucyBkYW5zIGxlIG1vbmRlIDogbGliZXJ0w6lzIGRlIGNpcmN1bGF0aW9uLCBmcm9udGnDqHJlcywgaW7DqWdhbGl0w6lzfTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-49&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-49&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-49&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;49&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi primjerice &#269;lanak: '&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudGhlZ3VhcmRpYW4uY29tL2dsb2JhbC1kZXZlbG9wbWVudC8yMDIwL21heS8xMi9jcm9hdGlhbi1wb2xpY2UtYWNjdXNlZC1vZi1zaGF2aW5nLWFuZC1zcHJheS1wYWludGluZy1oZWFkcy1vZi1hc3lsdW0tc2Vla2Vycz91dG1fc291cmNlPUtsaXguYmEmYW1wO3V0bV9tZWRpdW09Q2xhbmFrIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkNyb2F0aWFuIHBvbGljZSBhY2N1c2VkIG9mIHNwcmF5LXBhaW50aW5nIGhlYWRzIG9mIGFzeWx1bSBzZWVrZXJzPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-50&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-50&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-50&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;50&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYXNnaS5pdC93cC1jb250ZW50L3VwbG9hZHMvMjAyMS8wMS9UcmlidW5hbGUtUm9tYV9SRy01NjQyMDIwMjAucGRmIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPnN1xJFlbmplPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ib3JkZXJ2aW9sZW5jZS5ldS9yZXBvcnRzL2l0YWxpYW4tY291cnQtcnVsaW5nLW9uLWNoYWluLXB1c2hiYWNrLyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5zdmplZG/EjWVuamU8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; i &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9ib3JkZXJ2aW9sZW5jZS5ldS9hcHAvdXBsb2Fkcy9EZWNpc2lvbmUtZGVsLVRyaWJ1bmFsZS5wZGYiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+aXp2amXFoXRhaiB0YWxpamFuc2tlIG5ldmxhZGluZSB1ZHJ1Z2UgQVNHSTwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt; koji detaljno prikazuju vrstu nasilja koju je po&#269;inila hrvatska policija. Osim toga BVMN monitorira sudske sporove koji se ti&#269;u prisilnog vra&#263;anja.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-51&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-51&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-51&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;51&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;O tome kako se navedeni termini razlikuju, vidi predavanje Didiera Fassina na Coll&#232;ge de France 19. travnja &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cueW91dHViZS5jb20vd2F0Y2g/dj1RWlowLUJHWkRNZyIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5MZXMgw6lwcmV1dmVzIGRlIGxhIGZyb250acOocmUgKDMpPC9hPg=='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-52&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-52&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-52&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;52&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Termin ilegalizirani migrant (illegalized migrant) se na&#353;iroko koristi u kriti&#269;kim studijama granice. Vidi primjerice: Harald Bauder, 2013., 'Why We Should Use the Term Illegalized Immigrant', &lt;i&gt;RCIS Research Brief&lt;/i&gt;, No. 2013/1, str. 1-7 ; Karen Akoka, 2017, 'Refugees and Migrants' in MIGREUROP, 2017, &lt;i&gt;The Atlas of Migration in Europe. A Critical Geography of Migration Policies&lt;/i&gt;, Armand Colin, Paris, str. 18.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-53&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-53&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-53&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;53&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Steffen Mau, 2023 [2021]. La r&#233;invention de la fronti&#232;re au XXIe si&#232;cle. S njema&#269;kog na francuski preveo Christophe Lucchese. &#201;ditions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme, str. 59-60. Vidi recenziju knjige: &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly9zaHMuaGFsLnNjaWVuY2UvaGFsc2hzLTA0ODYzMTMzdjEvZG9jdW1lbnQiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+TW9yZ2FuZSBEdWptb3ZpxIcuIFN0ZWZmZW4gTWF1LCBMYSByw6lpbnZlbnRpb24gZGUgbGEgZnJvbnRpw6hyZSBhdSBYWEllIHNpw6hjbGU8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &#201;ditions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme, Paris, 2023., 152 str. &lt;i&gt;G&#233;ographie, &#201;conomie, Soci&#233;t&#233;&lt;/i&gt;, 2024., 26 (4), str. 606-611.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-54&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-54&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-54&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;54&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Ovaj pristup proizlazi iz istra&#382;iva&#269;kog projekta CartoMobile koji je pokrenut 2022. godine na Balkanu, francuskim granicama i na sredi&#353;njem Mediteranu. Radi se o participativnom kartografskom djelu koje obuhva&#263;a &#353;ezdesetak osoba u zbjegu u obliku putuju&#263;e izlo&#382;be. Za vi&#353;e informacija posjeti stranicu projekta i u bilje&#353;ci o istra&#382;ivanju u uvoduu ovu seriju &#269;lanaka.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-55&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-55&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-55&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;55&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;R*-ov iskaz prevela je autorica s francuskog.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-56&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-56&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-56&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;56&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Ulogu i odgovornost Frontexa na Balkanu istra&#382;ujemo u nadolaze&#263;im portfolio &#269;lancima unutar ove serije.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-57&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-57&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-57&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;57&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi posebno radove na &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL01kTVBBQ0EvP2xvY2FsZT1mcl9GUiIgY2xhc3M9InNwaXBfb3V0IiByZWw9ImV4dGVybmFsIj5Nw6lkZWNpbnMgZHUgbW9uZGU8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt; u Brian&#231;onu.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-58&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-58&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-58&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;58&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi &#269;lanak kojeg je napisala Ma&#239;a Courtois tijekom CartoMobile radionica u Brian&#231;onu : &#171; &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy5pbmZvbWlncmFudHMubmV0L2ZyL3dlYmRvYy8yMTIvYXByZXMtbGUtdm95YWdlLWRlLWxhLW1vcnQtbGVzLXRlcnJhc3Nlcy1kZS1icmlhbmNvbi1vZmZyZW50LXVuLXJlcGl0LWF1eC1leGlsZXMiIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+QXByw6hzIOKAnGxlIHZveWFnZSBkZSBsYSBtb3J04oCdLCBsZXMgVGVycmFzc2VzIGRlIEJyaWFuw6dvbiBvZmZyZW50IHVuIHLDqXBpdCBhdXggZXhpbMOpczwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-59&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-59&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-59&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;59&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi rad Anne-Laure Amilhat Szary i Fr&#233;d&#233;rica Girauta, 2015.,&lt;i&gt; Borderities and the Politics of Contemporary Mobile &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Borders&lt;/i&gt;, Palgrave Macmillan, Londres, str. 1-19.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-60&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-60&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-60&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;60&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi Reece Jones, 2016., &lt;i&gt;Violent Borders. Refugees and the Right to Move&lt;/i&gt;, London, UK &amp; Brooklyn, NY: Verso, 212 str.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-61&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-61&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 9-61&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;61&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;Vidi Sandro Mezzadra and Brett Neilson, 2013., &lt;i&gt;Border as Method, or the Multiplication of Labor&lt;/i&gt;, Duke university press, Durham, 384 str.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
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	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Guide on data protection for migrants and asylum seekers</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3480.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3480.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-11-06T15:21:08Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Monitoring and control </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Statewatch is publishing a handbook that explains how data protection law can be used to seek remedies and redress for people in the EU's immigration and asylum systems. Aimed at lawyers, case workers, volunteers and others working on immigration and asylum cases, it offers an overview of key digital technologies, and privacy and data protection concepts and cases. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; Download the handbook. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
From immigration and asylum, to privacy and data protection &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
The EU's immigration and asylum system (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH100/eu-data-protection-handbook-2-7717d.png?1762442469' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='100' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Statewatch is publishing a handbook that explains how data protection law can be used to seek remedies and redress for people in the EU's immigration and asylum systems. Aimed at lawyers, case workers, volunteers and others working on immigration and asylum cases, it offers an overview of key digital technologies, and privacy and data protection concepts and cases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc3RhdGV3YXRjaC5vcmcvbWVkaWEvNTE1NC9kYXRhLXByb3RlY3Rpb24taGFuZGJvb2sucGRmIiBjbGFzcz0ic3BpcF9vdXQiIHJlbD0iZXh0ZXJuYWwiPkRvd25sb2FkIHRoZSBoYW5kYm9vazwvYT4='&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;From immigration and asylum, to privacy and data protection&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The EU's immigration and asylum system is governed by a dense, complicated web of laws and practices.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;That system is increasingly reliant on digital technologies and databases, adding a further layer of complexity.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Personal data gathered, stored and processed through these systems may be crucial in the assessment of an individual's claim for international protection, for a visa, or to contest deportation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Understanding these systems and technologies, and the laws that govern them, is therefore increasingly important for immigration and asylum practitioners.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fundamental to any such understanding is knowledge of privacy and data protection rights, and the policies, legislation, practice and jurisprudence that shape them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As one attendee of the workshop organized by Statewatch puts it: &#8220;Turns out, data protection isn't just paperwork and fine print &#8211; it actually shape how migration and asylum systems work on the ground.&#8221;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This new Handbook, published today by Statewatch, provides the foundation of that understanding.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data Protection Handbook on Asylum and Migration in Europ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Handbook (pdf) has three sections:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Section 1&lt;/strong&gt; provides the context for the growing deployment of digital technologies as part of EU immigration and policy&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Borders and the people who cross them are often treated as testing grounds for new technologies, the development of which is increasingly outsourced to private companies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Handbook provides illustrative cases studies and an overview of key technologies and systems used at both EU and national level.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Section 2&lt;/strong&gt; gives in-depth but accessible explanations of key privacy and data protection principles, terms and concepts.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It provides an overview of the six data protection principles and relevant EU data protection legislation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It also explains how courts have interpreted questions related to privacy and data protection, including in the context of immigration and asylum cases.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Section 3 &lt;/strong&gt; examines how data protection law can be used to seek redress for individuals.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It explains the different components of the right to redress in the context of data protection law.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This consists of an individual's right to access their own personal data, and to have it rectified or deleted if needs be.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Handbook goes on to explain how to exercise the right of access, and the different bodies from whom redress can be sought.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Data protection law: of growing importance&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Infringements of privacy and data protection rights can underpin other rights violations against people in the immigration and asylum systems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Deportations may take place based on mistaken identity. People can be refused visas due to algorithmic assessment, The police may continually harass someone who has been mislabelled a danger to national security.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The avenues for redress offered by data protection law can offer ways to help seek justice in these and many other situations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As increasing amounts of personal data are gathered from people crossing borders, understanding data protection law and its uses will only become more important.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr class=&#034;spip&#034; /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can also find the Handbook presentation &lt;span class='base64LIENS' title='PGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc3RhdGV3YXRjaC5vcmcvbmV3cy8yMDI1L29jdG9iZXIvZXUtbmV3LWhhbmRib29rLW9mZmVycy1ndWlkZS10by1wcml2YWN5LWFuZC1kYXRhLXByb3RlY3Rpb24tZm9yLWltbWlncmF0aW9uLWFuZC1hc3lsdW0tcHJhY3RpdGlvbmVycy8iIGNsYXNzPSJzcGlwX291dCIgcmVsPSJleHRlcm5hbCI+b24gU3RhdGV3YXRjaCYjODIxNztzIHdlYnNpdGU8L2E+'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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