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	<title>MIGREUROP</title>
	<link>https://migreurop.org/</link>
	<description>Migreurop est un r&#233;seau europ&#233;en et africain de militant&#183;e&#183;s et chercheur&#183;euse&#183;s dont l'objectif est de faire conna&#238;tre et de lutter contre la g&#233;n&#233;ralisation de l'enfermement des &#233;trangers et la multiplication des camps, dispositif au c&#339;ur de la politique d'externalisation de l'Union europ&#233;enne.</description>
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		<title>MIGREUROP</title>
		<url>https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L144xH38/siteon0-bf17a.png?1717745172</url>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/</link>
		<height>38</height>
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<item xml:lang="ar">
		<title>&#1605;&#1575; &#1610;&#1602;&#1585;&#1576; &#1605;&#1606; 100 &#1605;&#1606;&#1592;&#1605;&#1577; &#1578;&#1583;&#1610;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1606;&#1601; &#1590;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1607;&#1575;&#1580;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606; &#1601;&#1610; &#1587;&#1576;&#1578;&#1577;</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3626.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3626.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-09-21T14:41:59Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>ar</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr' dir='ltr'&gt;Maroc&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr' dir='ltr'&gt;Espagne&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr' dir='ltr'&gt;Externalisation&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr' dir='ltr'&gt;Militarisation des fronti&#232;res&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr' dir='ltr'&gt;Mort&#183;e&#183;s aux fronti&#232;res&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;&#1578;&#1588;&#1575;&#1585;&#1603; &#171;&#1605;&#1610;&#1594;&#1585;&#1608;&#1576;&#1608;&#1576;&#187; &#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1608;&#1602;&#1610;&#1593; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1607;&#1584;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1610;&#1575;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1584;&#1610; &#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1606; &#1575;&#1606;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575;&#1603;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1602;&#1608;&#1602; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1610; &#1575;&#1585;&#1578;&#1603;&#1576;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1608;&#1604;&#1578;&#1575;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1577; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577; &#1590;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1606;&#1601;&#1610;&#1610;&#1606; &#1601;&#1610; &#1587;&#1576;&#1578;&#1577;. &#1608;&#1602;&#1583; &#1578;&#1605; &#1573;&#1580;&#1585;&#1575;&#1569; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1605;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1608;&#1579;&#1610;&#1602;&#1610; &#1605;&#1606; &#1602;&#1576;&#1604; &#1601;&#1585;&#1610;&#1602; Border Resistance &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1593;&#1575;&#1608;&#1606; &#1605;&#1593; &#1605;&#1578;&#1591;&#1608;&#1593;&#1610;&#1606; &#1608;&#1606;&#1588;&#1591;&#1575;&#1569;&#1548; &#1608;&#1576;&#1601;&#1590;&#1604; &#1580;&#1607;&#1608;&#1583; &#1601;&#1585;&#1608;&#1593; &#1578;&#1591;&#1608;&#1575;&#1606; &#1608;&#1601;&#1606;&#1610;&#1602; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1575;&#1583;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1575;&#1576;&#1593;&#1577; &#1604;&#1604;&#1580;&#1605;&#1593;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577; &#1604;&#1581;&#1602;&#1608;&#1602; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1606;&#1587;&#1575;&#1606; (AMDH)&#1548; &#1610;&#1603;&#1588;&#1601; &#1593;&#1606; &#1606;&#1605;&#1591; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1606;&#1601; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1587;&#1583;&#1610; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1601;&#1587;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1606;&#1607;&#1580;&#1610;. &#1608;&#1610;&#1587;&#1604;&#1591; &#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1589; &#1575;&#1604;&#1590;&#1608;&#1569; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1593;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1606;&#1589;&#1585;&#1610; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1606;&#1587;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610; &#1604;&#1607;&#1584;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1606;&#1601;&#1548; &#1608;&#1610;&#1615;&#1592;&#1607;&#1585; &#1571;&#1606;&#1607; &#1610;&#1606;&#1583;&#1585;&#1580; &#1601;&#1610; &#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1602; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1608;&#1578;&#1585;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1583;&#1608;&#1583;&#1610;&#1577; &#1576;&#1610;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576; &#1608;&#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1575;&#1548; &#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1575;&#1578;&#1580;&#1577; &#1593;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1608;&#1590;&#1593; (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique471.html" rel="directory"&gt;Actions collectives&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot184.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr' dir='ltr'&gt;Maroc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot19.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr' dir='ltr'&gt;Espagne&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr' dir='ltr'&gt;Externalisation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr' dir='ltr'&gt;Militarisation des fronti&#232;res&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot171.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr' dir='ltr'&gt;Mort&#183;e&#183;s aux fronti&#232;res&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/IMG/logo/b03339d_ftp-1-3olxyvtt3gko-2026-09-18t111331z-40158237-rc2jlnaz6g9e-rtrmadp-3-migration-europe-spain-ceuta-2-2-2.jpg?1789997132' class=&#034;spip_logo spip_logo_right&#034; alt=&#034;&#034; style='max-width: 150px;max-width: min(100%,150px); max-height: 150px' /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&#1578;&#1588;&#1575;&#1585;&#1603; &#171;&#1605;&#1610;&#1594;&#1585;&#1608;&#1576;&#1608;&#1576;&#187; &#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1608;&#1602;&#1610;&#1593; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1607;&#1584;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1610;&#1575;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1584;&#1610; &#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1606; &#1575;&#1606;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575;&#1603;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1602;&#1608;&#1602; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1610; &#1575;&#1585;&#1578;&#1603;&#1576;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1608;&#1604;&#1578;&#1575;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1577; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577; &#1590;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1606;&#1601;&#1610;&#1610;&#1606; &#1601;&#1610; &#1587;&#1576;&#1578;&#1577;. &#1608;&#1602;&#1583; &#1578;&#1605; &#1573;&#1580;&#1585;&#1575;&#1569; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1605;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1608;&#1579;&#1610;&#1602;&#1610; &#1605;&#1606; &#1602;&#1576;&#1604; &#1601;&#1585;&#1610;&#1602; &lt;a href=&#034;https://borderresistance.movements.mov/about&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Border Resistance&lt;/a&gt; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1593;&#1575;&#1608;&#1606; &#1605;&#1593; &#1605;&#1578;&#1591;&#1608;&#1593;&#1610;&#1606; &#1608;&#1606;&#1588;&#1591;&#1575;&#1569;&#1548; &#1608;&#1576;&#1601;&#1590;&#1604; &#1580;&#1607;&#1608;&#1583; &#1601;&#1585;&#1608;&#1593; &#1578;&#1591;&#1608;&#1575;&#1606; &#1608;&#1601;&#1606;&#1610;&#1602; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1575;&#1583;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1575;&#1576;&#1593;&#1577; &#1604;&#1604;&#1580;&#1605;&#1593;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577; &#1604;&#1581;&#1602;&#1608;&#1602; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1606;&#1587;&#1575;&#1606; (&lt;a href=&#034;https://amdh.org.ma/fr/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;AMDH&lt;/a&gt;)&#1548; &#1610;&#1603;&#1588;&#1601; &#1593;&#1606; &#1606;&#1605;&#1591; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1606;&#1601; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1587;&#1583;&#1610; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1601;&#1587;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1606;&#1607;&#1580;&#1610;. &#1608;&#1610;&#1587;&#1604;&#1591; &#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1589; &#1575;&#1604;&#1590;&#1608;&#1569; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1593;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1606;&#1589;&#1585;&#1610; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1606;&#1587;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610; &#1604;&#1607;&#1584;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1606;&#1601;&#1548; &#1608;&#1610;&#1615;&#1592;&#1607;&#1585; &#1571;&#1606;&#1607; &#1610;&#1606;&#1583;&#1585;&#1580; &#1601;&#1610; &#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1602; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1608;&#1578;&#1585;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1583;&#1608;&#1583;&#1610;&#1577; &#1576;&#1610;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576; &#1608;&#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1575;&#1548; &#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1575;&#1578;&#1580;&#1577; &#1593;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1608;&#1590;&#1593; &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1593;&#1605;&#1575;&#1585;&#1610; &#1608;&#1593;&#1602;&#1608;&#1583; &#1605;&#1606; &#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1587;&#1575;&#1578; &#171;&#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1593;&#1607;&#1610;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1582;&#1575;&#1585;&#1580;&#1610;&#187;. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&#1573;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1606;&#1602;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1588;&#1585;&#1610; &#1604;&#1575; &#1610;&#1606;&#1588;&#1571; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1583;&#1608;&#1583; &#1608;&#1604;&#1575; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1587;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1610; &#1578;&#1587;&#1593;&#1609; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1578;&#1606;&#1592;&#1610;&#1605;&#1607;. &#1601;&#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589; &#1610;&#1578;&#1606;&#1602;&#1604;&#1608;&#1606; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1601;&#1593;&#1604;&#1548; &#1608;&#1610;&#1578;&#1582;&#1584;&#1608;&#1606; &#1602;&#1585;&#1575;&#1585;&#1575;&#1578;&#1607;&#1605;&#1548; &#1608;&#1610;&#1576;&#1606;&#1608;&#1606; &#1605;&#1587;&#1575;&#1585;&#1575;&#1578;&#1607;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589;&#1577; &#1602;&#1576;&#1604; &#1571;&#1606; &#1610;&#1589;&#1591;&#1583;&#1605;&#1608;&#1575; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1580;&#1607;&#1586;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1583;&#1608;&#1583;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1610; &#1578;&#1581;&#1575;&#1608;&#1604; &#1578;&#1602;&#1610;&#1610;&#1583; &#1607;&#1584;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1581;&#1585;&#1603;&#1575;&#1578;. &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1583;&#1608;&#1583; &#1604;&#1575; &#1578;&#1615;&#1606;&#1578;&#1580; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1585;&#1603;&#1577;: &#1576;&#1604; &#1578;&#1615;&#1576;&#1606;&#1609; &#1578;&#1581;&#1583;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1611; &#1605;&#1606; &#1571;&#1580;&#1604; &#1575;&#1581;&#1578;&#1608;&#1575;&#1574;&#1607;&#1575;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1578;&#1578;&#1591;&#1608;&#1585; &#1607;&#1584;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1586;&#1605;&#1577; &#1601;&#1610; &#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1602; &#1593;&#1602;&#1608;&#1583; &#1605;&#1606; &#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1587;&#1575;&#1578; &#1578;&#1589;&#1583;&#1610;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1583;&#1608;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1608;&#1585;&#1608;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1582;&#1575;&#1585;&#1580; &#1571;&#1585;&#1575;&#1590;&#1610;&#1607;&#1575;&#1548; &#1581;&#1610;&#1579; &#1578;&#1602;&#1608;&#1605; &#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1575; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1578;&#1581;&#1575;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1608;&#1585;&#1608;&#1576;&#1610; &#1605;&#1606;&#1584; &#1587;&#1606;&#1608;&#1575;&#1578; &#1576;&#1578;&#1605;&#1608;&#1610;&#1604; &#1608;&#1578;&#1580;&#1607;&#1610;&#1586; &#1608;&#1578;&#1583;&#1585;&#1610;&#1576; &#1602;&#1608;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1605;&#1606; &#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576; &#1608;&#1605;&#1608;&#1585;&#1610;&#1578;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1575; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1606;&#1594;&#1575;&#1604; &#1608;&#1605;&#1575;&#1604;&#1610; &#1608;&#1578;&#1608;&#1606;&#1587; &#1608;&#1604;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1575; &#1548; &#1593;&#1576;&#1585; &#1578;&#1587;&#1604;&#1610;&#1605; &#1605;&#1574;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1585;&#1603;&#1576;&#1575;&#1578; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1591;&#1575;&#1574;&#1585;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1587;&#1610;&#1617;&#1585;&#1577; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1586;&#1608;&#1575;&#1585;&#1602;&#1548; &#1576;&#1607;&#1583;&#1601; &#1605;&#1606;&#1593; &#1608;&#1589;&#1608;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1607;&#1575;&#1580;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1585;&#1575;&#1590;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1608;&#1585;&#1608;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;. &#1608;&#1578;&#1581;&#1575;&#1608;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1608;&#1604; &#1578;&#1608;&#1592;&#1610;&#1601; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1606;&#1602;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1588;&#1585;&#1610; &#1608;&#1590;&#1576;&#1591;&#1607; &#1603;&#1571;&#1583;&#1575;&#1577; &#1590;&#1594;&#1591; &#1580;&#1610;&#1608;&#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1587;&#1610;&#1548; &#1594;&#1610;&#1585; &#1571;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1607;&#1575;&#1580;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606; &#1604;&#1610;&#1587;&#1608;&#1575; &#1571;&#1583;&#1608;&#1575;&#1578; &#1587;&#1604;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1603;&#1605;&#1575; &#1604;&#1575; &#1610;&#1605;&#1603;&#1606; &#1601;&#1607;&#1605; &#1605;&#1575; &#1580;&#1585;&#1609; &#1576;&#1605;&#1593;&#1586;&#1604; &#1593;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1575;&#1585;&#1610;&#1582; &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1593;&#1605;&#1575;&#1585;&#1610; &#1604;&#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1575; &#1601;&#1610; &#1588;&#1605;&#1575;&#1604; &#1573;&#1601;&#1585;&#1610;&#1602;&#1610;&#1575; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1589;&#1581;&#1585;&#1575;&#1569; &#1575;&#1604;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;. &#1601;&#1587;&#1576;&#1578;&#1577; &#1608;&#1605;&#1604;&#1610;&#1604;&#1610;&#1577; &#1581;&#1583;&#1608;&#1583; &#1578;&#1578;&#1602;&#1575;&#1591;&#1593; &#1601;&#1610;&#1607;&#1575; &#1593;&#1604;&#1575;&#1602;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1593;&#1605;&#1575;&#1585;&#1610;&#1577; &#1608;&#1606;&#1586;&#1575;&#1593;&#1575;&#1578; &#1573;&#1602;&#1604;&#1610;&#1605;&#1610;&#1577; &#1608;&#1578;&#1585;&#1575;&#1578;&#1576;&#1610;&#1575;&#1578; &#1593;&#1585;&#1602;&#1610;&#1577; &#1578;&#1581;&#1583;&#1583; &#1605;&#1606; &#1610;&#1605;&#1603;&#1606;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1606;&#1602;&#1604; &#1608;&#1605;&#1606; &#1610;&#1615;&#1582;&#1590;&#1614;&#1593; &#1604;&#1604;&#1605;&#1585;&#1575;&#1602;&#1576;&#1577; &#1571;&#1608; &#1575;&#1604;&#1591;&#1585;&#1583; &#1571;&#1608; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1606;&#1601;. &#1608;&#1578;&#1581;&#1578;&#1601;&#1592; &#1607;&#1584;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1583;&#1608;&#1583; &#1601;&#1610; &#1584;&#1575;&#1603;&#1585;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575; &#1576;&#1593;&#1583;&#1577; &#1571;&#1581;&#1583;&#1575;&#1579; &#1587;&#1575;&#1576;&#1602;&#1577; &#1578;&#1615;&#1579;&#1576;&#1578; &#1571;&#1606; &#1605;&#1575; &#1580;&#1585;&#1609; &#1604;&#1610;&#1587; &#1581;&#1575;&#1604;&#1577; &#1605;&#1593;&#1586;&#1608;&#1604;&#1577;&#1548; &#1605;&#1606; &#1584;&#1604;&#1603; &#1608;&#1601;&#1610;&#1575;&#1578; &#1593;&#1575;&#1605; 2005&#1548; &#1608;&#1605;&#1571;&#1587;&#1575;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1591;&#1585;&#1582;&#1575;&#1604; &#1593;&#1575;&#1605; 2014&#1548; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1593;&#1575;&#1583;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1602;&#1587;&#1585;&#1610;&#1577; &#1594;&#1610;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1602;&#1575;&#1606;&#1608;&#1606;&#1610;&#1577; &#1604;&#1604;&#1602;&#1575;&#1589;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606; &#1593;&#1575;&#1605; 2021.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1608;&#1602;&#1583; &#1571;&#1592;&#1607;&#1585; &#1607;&#1584;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1605;&#1608;&#1584;&#1580; &#1605;&#1585;&#1575;&#1585;&#1575;&#1611; &#1578;&#1606;&#1575;&#1602;&#1590;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1608;&#1607;&#1585;&#1610;: &#1601;&#1601;&#1610; &#1605;&#1575;&#1610;&#1608;/&#1571;&#1610;&#1575;&#1585; 2021&#1548; &#1583;&#1582;&#1604; &#1571;&#1603;&#1579;&#1585; &#1605;&#1606; 10 &#1570;&#1604;&#1575;&#1601; &#1588;&#1582;&#1589; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1587;&#1576;&#1578;&#1577; &#1593;&#1602;&#1576; &#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1602;&#1576;&#1575;&#1604; &#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1575; &#1604;&#1586;&#1593;&#1610;&#1605; &#1580;&#1576;&#1607;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1608;&#1604;&#1610;&#1587;&#1575;&#1585;&#1610;&#1608;&#1548; &#1573;&#1576;&#1585;&#1575;&#1607;&#1610;&#1605; &#1594;&#1575;&#1604;&#1610;&#1548; &#1608;&#1584;&#1604;&#1603; &#1608;&#1601;&#1602; &#1578;&#1602;&#1575;&#1585;&#1610;&#1585; &#1593;&#1583;&#1610;&#1583;&#1577; &#1606;&#1615;&#1588;&#1585;&#1578; &#1576;&#1582;&#1589;&#1608;&#1589; &#1607;&#1584;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1581;&#1583;&#1575;&#1579;&#1548; &#1608;&#1589;&#1601;&#1578; &#1605;&#1575; &#1580;&#1585;&#1609; &#1576;&#1571;&#1606;&#1607; &#1601;&#1578;&#1581; &#1605;&#1578;&#1593;&#1605;&#1583; &#1604;&#1604;&#1581;&#1583;&#1608;&#1583; &#1605;&#1606; &#1580;&#1575;&#1606;&#1576; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576;&#1548; &#1601;&#1610; &#1573;&#1591;&#1575;&#1585; &#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1585;&#1575;&#1578;&#1610;&#1580;&#1610;&#1577; &#1590;&#1594;&#1591; &#1605;&#1585;&#1578;&#1576;&#1591;&#1577; &#1576;&#1605;&#1604;&#1601; &#1575;&#1604;&#1589;&#1581;&#1585;&#1575;&#1569; &#1575;&#1604;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;. &#1608;&#1571;&#1583;&#1578; &#1578;&#1604;&#1603; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1586;&#1605;&#1577; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1573;&#1602;&#1575;&#1604;&#1577; &#1608;&#1586;&#1610;&#1585;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1582;&#1575;&#1585;&#1580;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1577; &#1571;&#1585;&#1575;&#1606;&#1588;&#1575; &#1594;&#1608;&#1606;&#1586;&#1575;&#1604;&#1610;&#1587; &#1604;&#1575;&#1610;&#1575;. &#1608;&#1601;&#1610; 24 &#1610;&#1608;&#1606;&#1610;&#1608;/&#1581;&#1586;&#1610;&#1585;&#1575;&#1606; 2022&#1548; &#1608;&#1602;&#1593;&#1578; &#1601;&#1610; &#1581;&#1583;&#1608;&#1583; &#1605;&#1604;&#1610;&#1604;&#1610;&#1577; &#1605;&#1580;&#1586;&#1585;&#1577; &#1583;&#1575;&#1605;&#1610;&#1577; &#1571;&#1608;&#1583;&#1578; &#1576;&#1581;&#1610;&#1575;&#1577; &#1605;&#1575; &#1604;&#1575; &#1610;&#1602;&#1604; &#1593;&#1606; 27 &#1588;&#1582;&#1589;&#1575;&#1611; &#1608;&#1582;&#1604;&#1617;&#1601;&#1578; &#1606;&#1581;&#1608; 70 &#1605;&#1601;&#1602;&#1608;&#1583;&#1575;&#1611;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1578;&#1580;&#1583;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1588;&#1575;&#1585;&#1577; &#1571;&#1610;&#1590;&#1575;&#1611; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1571;&#1606; &#1580;&#1586;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1603;&#1606;&#1575;&#1585;&#1610; &#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1602;&#1576;&#1604;&#1578; &#1608;&#1581;&#1583;&#1607;&#1575; 23 &#1571;&#1604;&#1601; &#1605;&#1607;&#1575;&#1580;&#1585; &#1593;&#1575;&#1605; 2020&#1548; &#1608;&#1601;&#1602; &#1571;&#1585;&#1602;&#1575;&#1605; &#1585;&#1587;&#1605;&#1610;&#1577;&#1548; &#1602;&#1583;&#1605; &#1605;&#1593;&#1592;&#1605;&#1607;&#1605; &#1605;&#1606; &#1587;&#1608;&#1575;&#1581;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1589;&#1581;&#1585;&#1575;&#1569; &#1575;&#1604;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;&#1548; &#1601;&#1610; &#1608;&#1575;&#1581;&#1583;&#1577; &#1605;&#1606; &#1571;&#1603;&#1576;&#1585; &#1605;&#1608;&#1580;&#1575;&#1578; &#1608;&#1589;&#1608;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1607;&#1575;&#1580;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606; &#1593;&#1576;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1581;&#1585; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1586;&#1585;. &#1608;&#1610;&#1590;&#1575;&#1601; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1607;&#1584;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1602; &#1606;&#1586;&#1575;&#1593; &#1575;&#1602;&#1578;&#1589;&#1575;&#1583;&#1610; &#1608;&#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1585;&#1575;&#1578;&#1610;&#1580;&#1610; &#1605;&#1578;&#1589;&#1575;&#1593;&#1583; &#1581;&#1608;&#1604; &#034;&#1580;&#1576;&#1604; &#1578;&#1585;&#1608;&#1576;&#1610;&#1603;&#034;&#1548; &#1608;&#1607;&#1608; &#1580;&#1576;&#1604; &#1576;&#1581;&#1585;&#1610; &#1610;&#1602;&#1593; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1576;&#1593;&#1583; &#1606;&#1581;&#1608; 499 &#1603;&#1610;&#1604;&#1608;&#1605;&#1578;&#1585;&#1575;&#1611; &#1605;&#1606; &#1580;&#1586;&#1610;&#1585;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1610;&#1610;&#1585;&#1608;&#1548; &#1608;&#1610;&#1581;&#1578;&#1608;&#1610; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1571;&#1591;&#1606;&#1575;&#1606; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1610;&#1604;&#1608;&#1585;&#1610;&#1608;&#1605;&#1548; &#1573;&#1590;&#1575;&#1601;&#1577; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1603;&#1608;&#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1578; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1610;&#1603;&#1604; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1604;&#1610;&#1579;&#1610;&#1608;&#1605;&#1548; &#1608;&#1607;&#1610; &#1605;&#1593;&#1575;&#1583;&#1606; &#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1585;&#1575;&#1578;&#1610;&#1580;&#1610;&#1577; &#1571;&#1587;&#1575;&#1587;&#1610;&#1577; &#1604;&#1578;&#1591;&#1608;&#1610;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1603;&#1606;&#1608;&#1604;&#1608;&#1580;&#1610;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1582;&#1590;&#1585;&#1575;&#1569; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1606;&#1578;&#1602;&#1575;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1591;&#1575;&#1602;&#1610;. &#1608;&#1601;&#1610; &#1593;&#1575;&#1605; 2009&#1548; &#1578;&#1602;&#1583;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576; &#1576;&#1591;&#1604;&#1576; &#1604;&#1578;&#1608;&#1587;&#1610;&#1593; &#1580;&#1585;&#1601;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1602;&#1575;&#1585;&#1610; &#1576;&#1581;&#1610;&#1579; &#1610;&#1588;&#1605;&#1604; &#1607;&#1584;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1576;&#1604;&#1548; &#1608;&#1585;&#1583;&#1578; &#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1575; &#1593;&#1575;&#1605; 2014 &#1576;&#1591;&#1604;&#1576; &#1605;&#1605;&#1575;&#1579;&#1604; &#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1606;&#1575;&#1583;&#1575;&#1611; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1605;&#1578;&#1583;&#1575;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1591;&#1576;&#1610;&#1593;&#1610; &#1604;&#1580;&#1586;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1603;&#1606;&#1575;&#1585;&#1610;. &#1608;&#1601;&#1610; &#1608;&#1602;&#1578; &#1604;&#1575;&#1581;&#1602;&#1548; &#1593;&#1575;&#1605; 2020&#1548; &#1608;&#1587;&#1617;&#1593; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576; &#1605;&#1610;&#1575;&#1607;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1602;&#1604;&#1610;&#1605;&#1610;&#1577; &#1576;&#1605;&#1608;&#1580;&#1576; &#1602;&#1575;&#1606;&#1608;&#1606;&#1610;&#1606; &#1576;&#1585;&#1604;&#1605;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1610;&#1606; &#1575;&#1593;&#1578;&#1576;&#1585;&#1578;&#1607;&#1605;&#1575; &#1605;&#1583;&#1585;&#1610;&#1583; &#1578;&#1583;&#1582;&#1604;&#1575;&#1611; &#1601;&#1610; &#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1583;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575;. &#1608;&#1593;&#1575;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1604;&#1601; &#1576;&#1602;&#1608;&#1577; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1608;&#1575;&#1580;&#1607;&#1577; &#1601;&#1610; &#1606;&#1608;&#1601;&#1605;&#1576;&#1585;/&#1578;&#1588;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1579;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610; &#1608;&#1583;&#1610;&#1587;&#1605;&#1576;&#1585;/&#1603;&#1575;&#1606;&#1608;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1608;&#1604; 2025&#1548; &#1593;&#1602;&#1576; &#1602;&#1585;&#1575;&#1585; &#1605;&#1580;&#1604;&#1587; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1605;&#1606; &#1585;&#1602;&#1605; 2797 &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1578;&#1593;&#1604;&#1602; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1589;&#1581;&#1585;&#1575;&#1569; &#1575;&#1604;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;&#1548; &#1575;&#1604;&#1584;&#1610; &#1593;&#1586;&#1586; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1608;&#1602;&#1601; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1601;&#1575;&#1608;&#1590;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1589;&#1593;&#1610;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1608;&#1604;&#1610;&#1548; &#1608;&#1571;&#1581;&#1610;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1582;&#1575;&#1608;&#1601; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1577; &#1605;&#1606; &#1601;&#1602;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1610;&#1591;&#1585;&#1577; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1607;&#1584;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1608;&#1575;&#1585;&#1583;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1608;&#1601;&#1610; &#1592;&#1604; &#1607;&#1584;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1606;&#1575;&#1582; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1578;&#1608;&#1578;&#1585;&#1548; &#1575;&#1578;&#1582;&#1584;&#1578; &#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1575; &#1587;&#1604;&#1587;&#1604;&#1577; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1602;&#1585;&#1575;&#1585;&#1575;&#1578; &#1602;&#1576;&#1604; &#1610;&#1608;&#1604;&#1610;&#1608;/&#1578;&#1605;&#1608;&#1586; 2026: &#1578;&#1587;&#1608;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1579;&#1606;&#1575;&#1574;&#1610;&#1577; &#1608;&#1580;&#1605;&#1575;&#1593;&#1610;&#1577; &#1604;&#1608;&#1590;&#1593;&#1610;&#1577; &#1570;&#1604;&#1575;&#1601; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1607;&#1575;&#1580;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606; &#1601;&#1610; &#1608;&#1590;&#1593;&#1610;&#1577; &#1573;&#1583;&#1575;&#1585;&#1610;&#1577; &#1594;&#1610;&#1585; &#1606;&#1592;&#1575;&#1605;&#1610;&#1577;&#1548; &#1608;&#1607;&#1608; &#1605;&#1591;&#1604;&#1576; &#1578;&#1591;&#1575;&#1604;&#1576; &#1576;&#1607; &#1605;&#1606;&#1584; &#1587;&#1606;&#1608;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1585;&#1603;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1607;&#1575;&#1580;&#1585;&#1577; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1606;&#1575;&#1607;&#1590;&#1577; &#1604;&#1593;&#1606;&#1589;&#1585;&#1610;&#1577;&#1563; &#1608;&#1586;&#1610;&#1575;&#1585;&#1577; &#1585;&#1574;&#1610;&#1587; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1603;&#1608;&#1605;&#1577;&#1548; &#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1585;&#1608; &#1587;&#1575;&#1606;&#1578;&#1588;&#1610;&#1586;&#1548; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1586;&#1575;&#1574;&#1585;&#1548; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1610; &#1571;&#1583;&#1578; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1578;&#1591;&#1576;&#1610;&#1593; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1604;&#1575;&#1602;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1579;&#1606;&#1575;&#1574;&#1610;&#1577; &#1576;&#1593;&#1583; &#1587;&#1606;&#1608;&#1575;&#1578; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1608;&#1578;&#1585;&#1548; &#1608;&#1584;&#1604;&#1603; &#1576;&#1593;&#1583; &#1571;&#1606; &#1603;&#1575;&#1606;&#1578; &#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1575; &#1602;&#1583; &#1594;&#1610;&#1617;&#1585;&#1578; &#1605;&#1608;&#1602;&#1601;&#1607;&#1575; &#1593;&#1575;&#1605; 2023 &#1604;&#1583;&#1593;&#1605; &#1605;&#1582;&#1591;&#1591; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1603;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1584;&#1575;&#1578;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610; &#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1589;&#1581;&#1585;&#1575;&#1569; &#1575;&#1604;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;&#1548; &#1608;&#1605;&#1589;&#1575;&#1583;&#1602;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1585;&#1604;&#1605;&#1575;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1602;&#1575;&#1606;&#1608;&#1606; &#1610;&#1607;&#1583;&#1601; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1605;&#1606;&#1581; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1606;&#1587;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1577; &#1604;&#1604;&#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589; &#1575;&#1604;&#1589;&#1581;&#1585;&#1575;&#1608;&#1610;&#1610;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1608;&#1604;&#1608;&#1583;&#1610;&#1606; &#1578;&#1581;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1583;&#1575;&#1585;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1577;&#1548; &#1575;&#1604;&#1584;&#1610; &#1610;&#1615;&#1602;&#1583;&#1614;&#1617;&#1585; &#1593;&#1583;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1587;&#1578;&#1601;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1581;&#1578;&#1605;&#1604;&#1610;&#1606; &#1605;&#1606;&#1607; &#1576;&#1610;&#1606; 80 &#1571;&#1604;&#1601;&#1575;&#1611; &#1608;200 &#1571;&#1604;&#1601; &#1588;&#1582;&#1589;. &#1608;&#1578;&#1580;&#1583;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1588;&#1575;&#1585;&#1577; &#1571;&#1610;&#1590;&#1575;&#1611; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1571;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1579;&#1605;&#1575;&#1585;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1589;&#1610;&#1606;&#1610;&#1577; &#1601;&#1610; &#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1575; &#1575;&#1585;&#1578;&#1601;&#1593;&#1578; &#1605;&#1606; 249 &#1605;&#1604;&#1610;&#1608;&#1606; &#1610;&#1608;&#1585;&#1608; &#1593;&#1575;&#1605; 2024 &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1606;&#1581;&#1608; 643 &#1605;&#1604;&#1610;&#1608;&#1606; &#1610;&#1608;&#1585;&#1608; &#1593;&#1575;&#1605; 2025&#1548; &#1608;&#1607;&#1608; &#1585;&#1602;&#1605; &#1610;&#1615;&#1584;&#1603;&#1585; &#1603;&#1593;&#1575;&#1605;&#1604; &#1573;&#1590;&#1575;&#1601;&#1610; &#1601;&#1610; &#1581;&#1587;&#1575;&#1576;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1602;&#1608;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1603;&#1576;&#1585;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1578;&#1593;&#1604;&#1602;&#1577; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1606;&#1591;&#1602;&#1577;&#1548; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1580;&#1575;&#1606;&#1576; &#1603;&#1608;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1586;&#1575;&#1574;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1608;&#1585;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1585;&#1574;&#1610;&#1587;&#1610; &#1604;&#1604;&#1594;&#1575;&#1586; &#1604;&#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1575;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1608;&#1601;&#1610; &#1607;&#1584;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1602; &#1606;&#1601;&#1587;&#1607;&#1548; &#1608;&#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1586;&#1575;&#1605;&#1606; &#1605;&#1593; &#1593;&#1610;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1588; &#1604;&#1604;&#1605;&#1605;&#1604;&#1603;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;&#1548; &#1608;&#1602;&#1593;&#1578; &#1610;&#1608;&#1605;&#1610; 30 &#1608;31 &#1610;&#1608;&#1604;&#1610;&#1608;/&#1578;&#1605;&#1608;&#1586; 2026 &#1608;&#1575;&#1602;&#1593;&#1577; &#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1579;&#1606;&#1575;&#1574;&#1610;&#1577; &#1578;&#1605;&#1579;&#1604;&#1578; &#1601;&#1610; &#1608;&#1589;&#1608;&#1604; &#1605;&#1575; &#1576;&#1610;&#1606; 50 &#1608;70 &#1571;&#1604;&#1601; &#1588;&#1582;&#1589;&#1548; &#1571;&#1594;&#1604;&#1576;&#1607;&#1605; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1575;&#1585;&#1576;&#1577;&#1548; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1580;&#1575;&#1606;&#1576; &#1571;&#1602;&#1604;&#1610;&#1577; &#1602;&#1575;&#1583;&#1605;&#1577; &#1605;&#1606; &#1583;&#1608;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1608;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1610;&#1605;&#1606; &#1608;&#1580;&#1605;&#1607;&#1608;&#1585;&#1610;&#1577; &#1580;&#1586;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1602;&#1605;&#1585; &#1608;&#1578;&#1608;&#1594;&#1608; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1610;&#1580;&#1585; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1603;&#1575;&#1605;&#1610;&#1585;&#1608;&#1606; &#1608;&#1573;&#1579;&#1610;&#1608;&#1576;&#1610;&#1575; &#1608;&#1605;&#1589;&#1585; &#1608;&#1580;&#1605;&#1607;&#1608;&#1585;&#1610;&#1577; &#1573;&#1601;&#1585;&#1610;&#1602;&#1610;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1608;&#1587;&#1591;&#1609; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1589;&#1608;&#1605;&#1575;&#1604; &#1608;&#1601;&#1604;&#1587;&#1591;&#1610;&#1606; &#1608;&#1578;&#1588;&#1575;&#1583; &#1608;&#1576;&#1608;&#1585;&#1603;&#1610;&#1606;&#1575; &#1601;&#1575;&#1587;&#1608; &#1608;&#1594;&#1610;&#1606;&#1610;&#1575; &#1608;&#1587;&#1575;&#1581;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1575;&#1580; &#1608;&#1605;&#1575;&#1604;&#1610; &#1608;&#1573;&#1585;&#1610;&#1578;&#1585;&#1610;&#1575; &#1608;&#1580;&#1606;&#1608;&#1576; &#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1608;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606; &#1608;&#1587;&#1608;&#1585;&#1610;&#1575; &#1608;&#1576;&#1606;&#1610;&#1606;... &#1576;&#1575;&#1578;&#1580;&#1575;&#1607; &#1587;&#1576;&#1578;&#1577;&#1548; &#1608;&#1607;&#1608; &#1605;&#1575; &#1582;&#1604;&#1617;&#1601; &#1571;&#1603;&#1579;&#1585; &#1605;&#1606; 120 &#1602;&#1578;&#1610;&#1604;&#1575;&#1611;&#1548; &#1594;&#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1610;&#1578;&#1607;&#1605; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1588;&#1576;&#1575;&#1576; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1602;&#1575;&#1589;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1575;&#1585;&#1576;&#1577;. &#1608;&#1587;&#1576;&#1602;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1575;&#1583;&#1579;&#1577; &#1605;&#1606;&#1588;&#1608;&#1585;&#1575;&#1578; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1601;&#1610;&#1587;&#1576;&#1608;&#1603; &#1608;&#1605;&#1606;&#1589;&#1575;&#1578; &#1571;&#1582;&#1585;&#1609;&#1548; &#1604;&#1575; &#1610;&#1586;&#1575;&#1604; &#1605;&#1589;&#1583;&#1585;&#1607;&#1575; &#1605;&#1580;&#1607;&#1608;&#1604;&#1575;&#1611; &#1585;&#1587;&#1605;&#1610;&#1575;&#1611;&#1548; &#1581;&#1585;&#1617;&#1590;&#1578; &#1578;&#1581;&#1583;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1611; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1575;&#1585;&#1576;&#1577;&#1548; &#1583;&#1608;&#1606; &#1594;&#1610;&#1585;&#1607;&#1605; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1606;&#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1578;&#1548; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1608;&#1580;&#1607; &#1606;&#1581;&#1608; &#1587;&#1576;&#1578;&#1577;&#1548; &#1605;&#1583;&#1617;&#1593;&#1610;&#1577; &#1586;&#1608;&#1585;&#1575;&#1611; &#1571;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1583;&#1608;&#1583; &#1605;&#1601;&#1578;&#1608;&#1581;&#1577;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1608;&#1582;&#1604;&#1575;&#1601;&#1575; &#1604;&#1604;&#1578;&#1587;&#1575;&#1607;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1584;&#1610; &#1604;&#1608;&#1581;&#1592; &#1601;&#1610; &#1581;&#1575;&#1604;&#1577; &#1587;&#1576;&#1578;&#1577;&#1548; &#1587;&#1580;&#1604; &#1578;&#1583;&#1582;&#1604; &#1593;&#1606;&#1610;&#1601; &#1605;&#1606; &#1602;&#1576;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1604;&#1591;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577; &#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1606;&#1591;&#1602;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1583;&#1608;&#1583;&#1610;&#1577; &#1576;&#1576;&#1606;&#1610; &#1571;&#1606;&#1589;&#1575;&#1585;-&#1605;&#1604;&#1610;&#1604;&#1610;&#1577;&#1548; &#1608;&#1607;&#1608; &#1605;&#1575; &#1610;&#1603;&#1588;&#1601; &#1593;&#1606; &#1606;&#1605;&#1591;&#1610;&#1606; &#1605;&#1582;&#1578;&#1604;&#1601;&#1610;&#1606; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1593;&#1575;&#1605;&#1604; &#1601;&#1610; &#1573;&#1591;&#1575;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1601;&#1575;&#1608;&#1590;&#1575;&#1578; &#1605;&#1593; &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1578;&#1581;&#1575;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1608;&#1585;&#1608;&#1576;&#1610; &#1608;&#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1575;: &#1606;&#1605;&#1608;&#1584;&#1580; &#1605;&#1604;&#1610;&#1604;&#1610;&#1577; &#1608;&#1606;&#1605;&#1608;&#1584;&#1580; &#1587;&#1576;&#1578;&#1577;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1573;&#1584;&#1606;&#1548; &#1601;&#1606;&#1581;&#1606; &#1604;&#1587;&#1606;&#1575; &#1571;&#1605;&#1575;&#1605; &#034;&#1571;&#1586;&#1605;&#1577; &#1607;&#1580;&#1585;&#1577;&#034;&#1563; &#1601;&#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1607;&#1575;&#1580;&#1585;&#1608;&#1606; &#1604;&#1610;&#1587;&#1608;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1586;&#1605;&#1577;&#1548; &#1576;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1586;&#1605;&#1577; &#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1587;&#1610;&#1577;&#1548; &#1608;&#1607;&#1610; &#1606;&#1575;&#1576;&#1593;&#1577; &#1605;&#1606; &#1606;&#1592;&#1575;&#1605; &#1581;&#1583;&#1608;&#1583;&#1610; &#1610;&#1581;&#1583;&#1583; &#1571;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1585;&#1608;&#1575;&#1581; &#1578;&#1607;&#1605;&#1548; &#1608;&#1605;&#1606; &#1610;&#1605;&#1603;&#1606;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1606;&#1602;&#1604; &#1576;&#1571;&#1605;&#1575;&#1606;&#1548; &#1608;&#1605;&#1606; &#1593;&#1604;&#1610;&#1607; &#1571;&#1606; &#1610;&#1582;&#1575;&#1591;&#1585; &#1576;&#1581;&#1610;&#1575;&#1578;&#1607; &#1604;&#1604;&#1602;&#1610;&#1575;&#1605; &#1576;&#1584;&#1604;&#1603;. &#1604;&#1584;&#1604;&#1603; &#1606;&#1606;&#1583;&#1583; &#1571;&#1610;&#1590;&#1575;&#1611; &#1576;&#1603;&#1585;&#1575;&#1607;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1587;&#1604;&#1575;&#1605; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1606;&#1589;&#1585;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1593;&#1575;&#1583;&#1610;&#1577; &#1604;&#1604;&#1587;&#1608;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1604;&#1578;&#1610;&#1606; &#1578;&#1582;&#1578;&#1585;&#1602;&#1575;&#1606; &#1607;&#1584;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1592;&#1575;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1583;&#1608;&#1583;&#1610;. &#1601;&#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1606;&#1575;&#1569; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1602;&#1610; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1593;&#1605;&#1575;&#1585;&#1610; &#1604;&#1589;&#1608;&#1585;&#1577; &#034;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;/&#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1587;&#1604;&#1605;&#034; &#1576;&#1608;&#1589;&#1601;&#1607; &#1578;&#1607;&#1583;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1611;&#1548; &#1608;&#1578;&#1580;&#1585;&#1610;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589; &#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1608;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1601;&#1575;&#1585;&#1602;&#1577;&#1548; &#1610;&#1594;&#1584;&#1610;&#1575;&#1606; &#1582;&#1591;&#1575;&#1576;&#1575;&#1578; &#034;&#1575;&#1604;&#1594;&#1586;&#1608;&#034; &#1608;&#034;&#1575;&#1604;&#1582;&#1591;&#1608;&#1585;&#1577;&#034; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1610; &#1578;&#1605;&#1607;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1585;&#1590;&#1610;&#1577; &#1604;&#1575;&#1606;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575;&#1603; &#1603;&#1604; &#1581;&#1602;&#1548; &#1608;&#1604;&#1604;&#1575;&#1590;&#1591;&#1607;&#1575;&#1583; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1585;&#1575;&#1602;&#1576;&#1577;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1606;&#1583; &#1607;&#1584;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1610;&#1575;&#1606; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1593;&#1588;&#1585;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1588;&#1607;&#1575;&#1583;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1576;&#1575;&#1588;&#1585;&#1577; &#1604;&#1590;&#1581;&#1575;&#1610;&#1575; &#1605;&#1607;&#1575;&#1580;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606;&#1548; &#1605;&#1606; &#1576;&#1610;&#1606;&#1607;&#1605; &#1591;&#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1608; &#1604;&#1580;&#1608;&#1569; &#1608;&#1602;&#1575;&#1589;&#1585;&#1608;&#1606; &#1608;&#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589; &#1605;&#1606; &#1605;&#1580;&#1578;&#1605;&#1593; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1610;&#1605;+. &#1608;&#1578;&#1608;&#1579;&#1617;&#1602; &#1607;&#1584;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1588;&#1607;&#1575;&#1583;&#1575;&#1578;&#1548; &#1601;&#1610; &#1605;&#1580;&#1605;&#1604;&#1607;&#1575;&#1548; &#1606;&#1605;&#1591;&#1575;&#1611; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1606;&#1601; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1587;&#1583;&#1610; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1601;&#1587;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1605;&#1606;&#1607;&#1580; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1578;&#1593;&#1605;&#1583; &#1606;&#1593;&#1585;&#1590;&#1607; &#1601;&#1610;&#1605;&#1575; &#1610;&#1604;&#1610;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1578;&#1603;&#1588;&#1601; &#1575;&#1604;&#1588;&#1607;&#1575;&#1583;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1610; &#1580;&#1615;&#1605;&#1593;&#1578; &#1605;&#1606; &#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589; &#1605;&#1606; &#1601;&#1574;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1603;&#1608;&#1610;&#1585; &#1593;&#1606; &#1593;&#1606;&#1601; &#1580;&#1587;&#1583;&#1610; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1594; &#1575;&#1604;&#1588;&#1583;&#1577;&#1548; &#1610;&#1578;&#1601;&#1575;&#1602;&#1605; &#1576;&#1587;&#1576;&#1576; &#1585;&#1601;&#1590; &#1607;&#1608;&#1610;&#1578;&#1607;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1606;&#1583;&#1585;&#1610;&#1577;. &#1608;&#1578;&#1589;&#1601; &#1593;&#1583;&#1577; &#1588;&#1607;&#1575;&#1583;&#1575;&#1578; &#1578;&#1604;&#1602;&#1610; &#1604;&#1603;&#1605;&#1575;&#1578; &#1608;&#1590;&#1585;&#1576;&#1575;&#1578; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1607;&#1585;&#1575;&#1608;&#1575;&#1578; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1608;&#1580;&#1607; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1581;&#1583; &#1578;&#1608;&#1585;&#1617;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1610;&#1606;&#1548; &#1578;&#1604;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575; &#1590;&#1585;&#1576;&#1575;&#1578; &#1576;&#1571;&#1583;&#1608;&#1575;&#1578; &#1589;&#1604;&#1576;&#1577;&#1548; &#1608;&#1585;&#1603;&#1604;&#1575;&#1578; &#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1589;&#1583;&#1585;&#1548; &#1608;&#1590;&#1585;&#1576;&#1575;&#1578; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1606; &#1578;&#1585;&#1603;&#1578;&#1607;&#1605;&#1575; &#1605;&#1586;&#1585;&#1602;&#1617;&#1578;&#1610;&#1606; &#1608;&#1605;&#1581;&#1578;&#1585;&#1602;&#1578;&#1610;&#1606;. &#1608;&#1594;&#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1575;&#1611; &#1605;&#1575; &#1578;&#1581;&#1583;&#1579; &#1607;&#1584;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1593;&#1578;&#1583;&#1575;&#1569;&#1575;&#1578; &#1576;&#1593;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1591;&#1585;&#1583; &#1605;&#1606; &#1605;&#1585;&#1575;&#1603;&#1586; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1610;&#1608;&#1575;&#1569;&#1548; &#1605;&#1605;&#1575; &#1610;&#1590;&#1591;&#1585;&#1607;&#1605; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1608;&#1605; &#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1588;&#1575;&#1585;&#1593; &#1583;&#1608;&#1606; &#1571;&#1610; &#1581;&#1605;&#1575;&#1610;&#1577;&#1563; &#1608;&#1578;&#1588;&#1607;&#1583; &#1593;&#1583;&#1577; &#1581;&#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1578; &#1576;&#1571;&#1606; &#1605;&#1580;&#1585;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1592;&#1607;&#1608;&#1585; &#1576;&#1605;&#1592;&#1607;&#1585; &#1603;&#1608;&#1610;&#1585;&#1610; &#1610;&#1593;&#1585;&#1617;&#1590;&#1607;&#1605; &#1604;&#1593;&#1606;&#1601; &#1605;&#1590;&#1575;&#1593;&#1601; &#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1601;&#1590;&#1575;&#1569; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1575;&#1605;&#1548; &#1581;&#1610;&#1579; &#1604;&#1575; &#1610;&#1580;&#1585;&#1572; &#1571;&#1581;&#1583; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1583;&#1582;&#1604;&#1548; &#1608;&#1571;&#1606;&#1607;&#1605; &#1604;&#1575; &#1610;&#1587;&#1578;&#1591;&#1610;&#1593;&#1608;&#1606;&#1548; &#1582;&#1604;&#1575;&#1601;&#1575;&#1611; &#1604;&#1594;&#1610;&#1585;&#1607;&#1605;&#1548; &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1581;&#1578;&#1605;&#1575;&#1569; &#1601;&#1610; &#1571;&#1610; &#1605;&#1603;&#1575;&#1606; &#1583;&#1608;&#1606; &#1571;&#1606; &#1610;&#1589;&#1576;&#1581;&#1608;&#1575; &#1605;&#1580;&#1583;&#1583;&#1575;&#1611; &#1607;&#1583;&#1601;&#1575;&#1611; &#1604;&#1604;&#1575;&#1593;&#1578;&#1583;&#1575;&#1569;&#1575;&#1578;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1610;&#1602;&#1593; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1606;&#1601; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1588;&#1583; &#1601;&#1610; &#1587;&#1575;&#1593;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1601;&#1580;&#1585; (&#1576;&#1610;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1579;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1577; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1585;&#1575;&#1576;&#1593;&#1577; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1589;&#1601; &#1589;&#1576;&#1575;&#1581;&#1575;&#1611;)&#1548; &#1581;&#1610;&#1606; &#1578;&#1615;&#1602;&#1578;&#1581;&#1605; &#1601;&#1580;&#1571;&#1577; &#1608;&#1583;&#1608;&#1606; &#1587;&#1575;&#1576;&#1602; &#1573;&#1606;&#1584;&#1575;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1605;&#1575;&#1603;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1610; &#1610;&#1606;&#1575;&#1605; &#1601;&#1610;&#1607;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589;. &#1608;&#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1604;&#1610;&#1604;&#1548; &#1593;&#1605;&#1608;&#1605;&#1575;&#1611;&#1548; &#1578;&#1589;&#1604; &#1583;&#1608;&#1585;&#1610;&#1575;&#1578; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1585;&#1575;&#1578; &#1608;&#1587;&#1591; &#1589;&#1585;&#1575;&#1582; &#1608;&#1588;&#1578;&#1575;&#1574;&#1605; &#1605;&#1578;&#1608;&#1575;&#1589;&#1604;&#1577;. &#1608;&#1582;&#1604;&#1575;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1607;&#1575;&#1585; &#1610;&#1603;&#1608;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1606;&#1601; &#1571;&#1602;&#1604; &#1581;&#1583;&#1577; &#1606;&#1587;&#1576;&#1610;&#1575;&#1611;&#1548; &#1604;&#1603;&#1606;&#1607; &#1604;&#1575; &#1610;&#1582;&#1578;&#1601;&#1610; (&#1589;&#1585;&#1575;&#1582;&#1548; &#1588;&#1578;&#1575;&#1574;&#1605;&#1548; &#1605;&#1591;&#1575;&#1585;&#1583;&#1575;&#1578;)&#1563; &#1608;&#1610;&#1615;&#1587;&#1578;&#1571;&#1606;&#1601; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1606;&#1601; &#1601;&#1608;&#1585;&#1575;&#1611; &#1576;&#1605;&#1580;&#1585;&#1583; &#1575;&#1576;&#1578;&#1593;&#1575;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1590;&#1581;&#1575;&#1610;&#1575; &#1593;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1578;&#1591;&#1608;&#1593;&#1610;&#1606; &#1571;&#1608; &#1575;&#1604;&#1589;&#1581;&#1601;&#1610;&#1610;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1585;&#1575;&#1601;&#1602;&#1610;&#1606; &#1604;&#1607;&#1605;. &#1608;&#1610;&#1615;&#1608;&#1602;&#1614;&#1592; &#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1575;&#1574;&#1605;&#1608;&#1606; &#1576;&#1590;&#1585;&#1576;&#1575;&#1578; &#1605;&#1576;&#1575;&#1588;&#1585;&#1577; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1607;&#1585;&#1575;&#1608;&#1577;&#1548; &#1571;&#1608; &#1571;&#1608;&#1604;&#1575;&#1611; &#1576;&#1605;&#1589;&#1576;&#1575;&#1581; &#1610;&#1583;&#1608;&#1610; &#1579;&#1605; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1607;&#1585;&#1575;&#1608;&#1577;&#1563; &#1608;&#1610;&#1615;&#1585;&#1603;&#1604;&#1608;&#1606; &#1576;&#1571;&#1581;&#1584;&#1610;&#1577; &#1602;&#1578;&#1575;&#1604;&#1610;&#1577; &#1579;&#1602;&#1610;&#1604;&#1577;&#1563; &#1608;&#1578;&#1615;&#1591;&#1608;&#1614;&#1617;&#1602; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1605;&#1575;&#1603;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1610; &#1610;&#1606;&#1575;&#1605;&#1608;&#1606; &#1601;&#1610;&#1607;&#1575; &#1576;&#1593;&#1583;&#1583; &#1603;&#1576;&#1610;&#1585; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1606;&#1575;&#1589;&#1585;&#1563; &#1608;&#1610;&#1615;&#1572;&#1605;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1590;&#1581;&#1575;&#1610;&#1575; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1607;&#1608;&#1590; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1585;&#1581;&#1610;&#1604; &#1601;&#1608;&#1585;&#1575;&#1611; (&#034;&#1575;&#1582;&#1585;&#1580;&#1608;&#1575;&#034;)&#1548; &#1605;&#1593; &#1590;&#1585;&#1576; &#1605;&#1606; &#1604;&#1575; &#1610;&#1605;&#1578;&#1579;&#1604;&#1563; &#1608;&#1578;&#1615;&#1583;&#1605;&#1614;&#1617;&#1585; &#1571;&#1608; &#1578;&#1615;&#1578;&#1604;&#1614;&#1601; &#1605;&#1605;&#1578;&#1604;&#1603;&#1575;&#1578;&#1607;&#1605; (&#1601;&#1585;&#1588;&#1575;&#1578;&#1548; &#1603;&#1585;&#1578;&#1608;&#1606;&#1548; &#1571;&#1605;&#1578;&#1593;&#1577;).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1578;&#1589;&#1601; &#1575;&#1604;&#1588;&#1607;&#1575;&#1583;&#1575;&#1578; &#1606;&#1605;&#1591;&#1575;&#1611; &#1588;&#1576;&#1607; &#1605;&#1608;&#1581;&#1617;&#1583; &#1608;&#1605;&#1578;&#1593;&#1605;&#1617;&#1583;: &#1590;&#1585;&#1576;&#1575;&#1578; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1585;&#1571;&#1587; &#1576;&#1588;&#1583;&#1577; &#1571;&#1602;&#1604; &#1606;&#1587;&#1576;&#1610;&#1575;&#1611; &#1605;&#1602;&#1575;&#1585;&#1606;&#1577; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1590;&#1585;&#1576;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1608;&#1580;&#1607;&#1577; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1575;&#1602;&#1610;&#1606;&#1548; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1610; &#1578;&#1603;&#1608;&#1606; &#1571;&#1602;&#1608;&#1609; &#1576;&#1603;&#1579;&#1610;&#1585;&#1548; &#1608;&#1607;&#1608; &#1605;&#1575; &#1610;&#1608;&#1581;&#1610; &#1576;&#1606;&#1605;&#1591; &#1605;&#1581;&#1587;&#1608;&#1576; &#1604;&#1573;&#1581;&#1583;&#1575;&#1579; &#1590;&#1585;&#1585; &#1580;&#1587;&#1583;&#1610; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1594; &#1605;&#1593; &#1578;&#1580;&#1606;&#1576; &#1573;&#1589;&#1575;&#1576;&#1575;&#1578; &#1605;&#1605;&#1610;&#1578;&#1577; &#1592;&#1575;&#1607;&#1585;&#1577; &#1601;&#1608;&#1585;&#1575;&#1611;. &#1610;&#1590;&#1575;&#1601; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1584;&#1604;&#1603; &#1590;&#1585;&#1576;&#1575;&#1578; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1593;&#1583;&#1577; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1591;&#1606; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1592;&#1607;&#1585; (&#1605;&#1593; &#1570;&#1579;&#1575;&#1585; &#1580;&#1604;&#1583;&#1610;&#1577; &#1608;&#1575;&#1590;&#1581;&#1577;)&#1548; &#1608;&#1590;&#1585;&#1576;&#1575;&#1578; &#1605;&#1576;&#1575;&#1588;&#1585;&#1577; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1608;&#1580;&#1607; (&#1604;&#1603;&#1605;&#1575;&#1578; &#1608;&#1585;&#1603;&#1604;&#1575;&#1578;&#1548; &#1576;&#1605;&#1575; &#1601;&#1610; &#1584;&#1604;&#1603; &#1573;&#1589;&#1575;&#1576;&#1575;&#1578; &#1581;&#1608;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1610;&#1606;&#1610;&#1606;)&#1548; &#1608;&#1590;&#1585;&#1576;&#1575;&#1578; &#1605;&#1578;&#1593;&#1605;&#1583;&#1577; &#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1606;&#1591;&#1602;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1577; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1593;&#1590;&#1575;&#1569; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1606;&#1575;&#1587;&#1604;&#1610;&#1577;&#1548; &#1608;&#1603;&#1587;&#1608;&#1585; &#1571;&#1608; &#1573;&#1589;&#1575;&#1576;&#1575;&#1578; &#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1606; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1593;&#1589;&#1605;&#1610;&#1606; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1581;&#1583; &#1578;&#1593;&#1591;&#1610;&#1604; &#1581;&#1585;&#1603;&#1578;&#1607;&#1605;&#1575;. &#1608;&#1601;&#1610; &#1576;&#1593;&#1590; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1578;&#1548; &#1578;&#1605; &#1578;&#1608;&#1579;&#1610;&#1602; &#1581;&#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1578; &#1604;&#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589; &#1604;&#1575; &#1610;&#1580;&#1610;&#1583;&#1608;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1581;&#1577; &#1571;&#1615;&#1580;&#1576;&#1585;&#1608;&#1575; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1583;&#1582;&#1608;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1575;&#1569; &#1578;&#1581;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1607;&#1583;&#1610;&#1583;&#1563; &#1608;&#1578;&#1604;&#1575;&#1581;&#1602; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1608;&#1585;&#1610;&#1575;&#1578; &#1605;&#1606; &#1610;&#1581;&#1575;&#1608;&#1604;&#1608;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1601;&#1585;&#1575;&#1585; &#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1581;&#1577; &#1608;&#1578;&#1581;&#1575;&#1608;&#1604; &#1573;&#1594;&#1585;&#1575;&#1602;&#1607;&#1605;&#1548; &#1608;&#1601;&#1602; &#1608;&#1589;&#1601; &#1605;&#1576;&#1575;&#1588;&#1585; &#1604;&#1571;&#1581;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1588;&#1607;&#1608;&#1583;&#1563; &#1608;&#1610;&#1615;&#1576;&#1602;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1588;&#1582;&#1589; &#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1575;&#1569; &#1579;&#1605; &#1610;&#1615;&#1582;&#1585;&#1580; &#1604;&#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1574;&#1606;&#1575;&#1601; &#1575;&#1604;&#1590;&#1585;&#1576; &#1608;&#1607;&#1608; &#1605;&#1576;&#1604;&#1604; &#1578;&#1605;&#1575;&#1605;&#1575;&#1611;&#1563; &#1608;&#1578;&#1615;&#1580;&#1576;&#1585; &#1605;&#1580;&#1605;&#1608;&#1593;&#1575;&#1578; &#1576;&#1571;&#1603;&#1605;&#1604;&#1607;&#1575; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1583;&#1582;&#1608;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1575;&#1569; &#1604;&#1610;&#1578;&#1605; &#1576;&#1593;&#1583; &#1584;&#1604;&#1603; &#1583;&#1607;&#1587;&#1607;&#1605; &#1608;&#1607;&#1605; &#1605;&#1605;&#1583;&#1583;&#1608;&#1606; &#1601;&#1610;&#1607;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1610;&#1602;&#1608;&#1605; &#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1603;&#1575;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1581;&#1604;&#1610;&#1610;&#1606; &#1576;&#1585;&#1588; &#1575;&#1604;&#1594;&#1575;&#1586; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1587;&#1610;&#1604; &#1604;&#1604;&#1583;&#1605;&#1608;&#1593; &#1605;&#1576;&#1575;&#1588;&#1585;&#1577; &#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1610;&#1606;&#1610;&#1606; &#1603;&#1571;&#1583;&#1575;&#1577; &#1578;&#1593;&#1584;&#1610;&#1576; &#1601;&#1585;&#1583;&#1610;&#1577;&#1548; &#1571;&#1581;&#1610;&#1575;&#1606;&#1575;&#1611; &#1576;&#1593;&#1583; &#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1583;&#1585;&#1575;&#1580; &#1575;&#1604;&#1590;&#1581;&#1610;&#1577; &#1576;&#1584;&#1585;&#1610;&#1593;&#1577; &#034;&#1578;&#1602;&#1583;&#1610;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1587;&#1575;&#1593;&#1583;&#1577;&#034;&#1548; &#1579;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1601;&#1585;&#1575;&#1585; &#1601;&#1608;&#1585;&#1575;&#1611; &#1576;&#1593;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1585;&#1588;. &#1608;&#1578;&#1615;&#1589;&#1575;&#1583;&#1614;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1607;&#1608;&#1575;&#1578;&#1601; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1581;&#1605;&#1608;&#1604;&#1577; &#1608;&#1587;&#1605;&#1575;&#1593;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1584;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1581;&#1578;&#1610;&#1575;&#1591;&#1610;&#1577; &#1576;&#1588;&#1603;&#1604; &#1605;&#1605;&#1606;&#1607;&#1580;&#1548; &#1582;&#1575;&#1589;&#1577; &#1571;&#1579;&#1606;&#1575;&#1569; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1583;&#1575;&#1607;&#1605;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1604;&#1610;&#1604;&#1610;&#1577;&#1548; &#1608;&#1610;&#1615;&#1587;&#1585;&#1602; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1575;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1602;&#1583;&#1610; &#1605;&#1576;&#1575;&#1588;&#1585;&#1577; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1610;&#1608;&#1576; &#1578;&#1581;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1607;&#1583;&#1610;&#1583; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1590;&#1585;&#1576;&#1548; &#1608;&#1610;&#1605;&#1610;&#1617;&#1586; &#1576;&#1593;&#1590; &#1575;&#1604;&#1588;&#1607;&#1608;&#1583; &#1576;&#1610;&#1606; &#1607;&#1584;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1585;&#1602;&#1577; &#034;&#1575;&#1604;&#1585;&#1587;&#1605;&#1610;&#1577;&#034; &#1608;&#1587;&#1585;&#1602;&#1577; &#034;&#1604;&#1589;&#1608;&#1589; &#1575;&#1604;&#1588;&#1608;&#1575;&#1585;&#1593;&#034; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1575;&#1583;&#1610;&#1610;&#1606; &#1576;&#1608;&#1589;&#1601;&#1607;&#1605;&#1575; &#1605;&#1589;&#1583;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606; &#1605;&#1606;&#1601;&#1589;&#1604;&#1610;&#1606;. &#1608;&#1578;&#1589;&#1601; &#1575;&#1604;&#1588;&#1607;&#1575;&#1583;&#1575;&#1578; &#1578;&#1588;&#1582;&#1610;&#1589; &#1573;&#1589;&#1575;&#1576;&#1575;&#1578; &#1582;&#1591;&#1610;&#1585;&#1577; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1571;&#1606;&#1607;&#1575; &#034;&#1605;&#1580;&#1585;&#1583; &#1578;&#1588;&#1606;&#1580; &#1593;&#1590;&#1604;&#1610;&#034;&#1548; &#1583;&#1608;&#1606; &#1601;&#1581;&#1589; &#1581;&#1602;&#1610;&#1602;&#1610;&#1563; &#1608;&#1585;&#1601;&#1590; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1610;&#1575;&#1583;&#1575;&#1578; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1587;&#1578;&#1588;&#1601;&#1610;&#1575;&#1578; &#1605;&#1593;&#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1585;&#1608;&#1581; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1578;&#1602;&#1610;&#1581;&#1577;&#1563; &#1608;&#1578;&#1589;&#1585;&#1601;&#1575;&#1578; &#1578;&#1585;&#1601;&#1590; &#1578;&#1602;&#1583;&#1610;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1585;&#1593;&#1575;&#1610;&#1577; &#1583;&#1608;&#1606; &#1571;&#1610; &#1605;&#1576;&#1585;&#1585; &#1591;&#1576;&#1610; &#1608;&#1575;&#1590;&#1581;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1608;&#1610;&#1588;&#1610;&#1585; &#1593;&#1583;&#1577; &#1588;&#1607;&#1608;&#1583; &#1571;&#1610;&#1590;&#1575;&#1611; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1582;&#1583;&#1575;&#1605; &#1593;&#1606;&#1575;&#1589;&#1585; &#1602;&#1575;&#1583;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1608;&#1575;&#1589;&#1604; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1575;&#1585;&#1580;&#1577; &#1582;&#1604;&#1575;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1583;&#1582;&#1604;&#1575;&#1578;&#1548; &#1608;&#1607;&#1610; &#1605;&#1605;&#1575;&#1585;&#1587;&#1577; &#1586;&#1575;&#1583;&#1578;&#1548; &#1608;&#1601;&#1602; &#1605;&#1606; &#1580;&#1585;&#1578; &#1605;&#1602;&#1575;&#1576;&#1604;&#1578;&#1607;&#1605;&#1548; &#1605;&#1606; &#1581;&#1583;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1585;&#1607;&#1610;&#1576; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1582;&#1608;&#1601;&#1548; &#1573;&#1584; &#1587;&#1605;&#1581;&#1578; &#1604;&#1607;&#1605; &#1576;&#1605;&#1582;&#1575;&#1591;&#1576;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1590;&#1581;&#1575;&#1610;&#1575; &#1605;&#1576;&#1575;&#1588;&#1585;&#1577; &#1576;&#1604;&#1594;&#1578;&#1607;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589;&#1577;&#1548; &#1608;&#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1594;&#1604;&#1575;&#1604; &#1607;&#1584;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1593;&#1585;&#1601;&#1577; &#1603;&#1580;&#1586;&#1569; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1607;&#1583;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1578; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1593;&#1578;&#1583;&#1575;&#1569;&#1575;&#1578; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1593;&#1584;&#1610;&#1576; &#1575;&#1604;&#1584;&#1610; &#1578;&#1593;&#1585;&#1590;&#1608;&#1575; &#1604;&#1607;.&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&#1601;&#1610; &#1605;&#1606;&#1591;&#1602;&#1577; &#1601;&#1606;&#1610;&#1583;&#1602;-&#1578;&#1591;&#1608;&#1575;&#1606;&#1548; &#1575;&#1593;&#1578;&#1602;&#1604;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1604;&#1591;&#1575;&#1578;&#1548; &#1604;&#1610;&#1604;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1576;&#1608;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1605;&#1575;&#1593;&#1610;&#1548; &#1578;&#1587;&#1593;&#1577; &#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589;&#1548; &#1605;&#1606; &#1576;&#1610;&#1606;&#1607;&#1605; &#1582;&#1605;&#1587;&#1577; &#1602;&#1575;&#1589;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606;&#1548; &#1601;&#1610; &#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1602; &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1590;&#1591;&#1585;&#1575;&#1576;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1610; &#1588;&#1607;&#1583;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575; &#1605;&#1583;&#1610;&#1606;&#1577; &#1601;&#1606;&#1610;&#1583;&#1602;&#1548; &#1581;&#1610;&#1579; &#1571;&#1608;&#1583;&#1593; &#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1594;&#1608;&#1606; &#1601;&#1610; &#1587;&#1580;&#1606; &#1578;&#1591;&#1608;&#1575;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1581;&#1604;&#1610;&#1548; &#1576;&#1610;&#1606;&#1605;&#1575; &#1606;&#1615;&#1602;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1602;&#1575;&#1589;&#1585;&#1608;&#1606; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1605;&#1585;&#1603;&#1586; &#1581;&#1605;&#1575;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1591;&#1601;&#1608;&#1604;&#1577; &#1576;&#1578;&#1605;&#1575;&#1585;&#1577;. &#1608;&#1575;&#1585;&#1578;&#1601;&#1593; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1583;&#1583; &#1576;&#1587;&#1585;&#1593;&#1577; &#1604;&#1610;&#1589;&#1604; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; 69 &#1605;&#1593;&#1578;&#1602;&#1604;&#1575;&#1611;. &#1608;&#1581;&#1615;&#1608;&#1603;&#1605; 30 &#1605;&#1606;&#1607;&#1605; &#1576;&#1571;&#1581;&#1603;&#1575;&#1605; &#1578;&#1585;&#1575;&#1608;&#1581;&#1578; &#1576;&#1610;&#1606; &#1587;&#1606;&#1577; &#1603;&#1575;&#1605;&#1604;&#1577; &#1608;&#1588;&#1607;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606; &#1606;&#1575;&#1601;&#1584;&#1610;&#1606;&#1548; &#1608;&#1581;&#1615;&#1608;&#1603;&#1605; 7 &#1570;&#1582;&#1585;&#1608;&#1606; &#1578;&#1581;&#1583;&#1610;&#1583;&#1575;&#1611; &#1576;&#1578;&#1607;&#1605;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1581;&#1585;&#1610;&#1590;&#1548; &#1608;&#1587;&#1591; &#1578;&#1606;&#1583;&#1610;&#1583; &#1601;&#1585;&#1593; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1605;&#1593;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577; &#1604;&#1581;&#1602;&#1608;&#1602; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1606;&#1587;&#1575;&#1606; &#1576;&#1578;&#1591;&#1608;&#1575;&#1606; &#1576;&#1582;&#1591;&#1608;&#1585;&#1577; &#1594;&#1610;&#1575;&#1576; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1601;&#1575;&#1593; &#1582;&#1604;&#1575;&#1604; &#1607;&#1584;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1581;&#1575;&#1603;&#1605;&#1575;&#1578;&#1548; &#1608;&#1607;&#1608; &#1605;&#1575; &#1578;&#1593;&#1578;&#1576;&#1585;&#1607; &#1575;&#1606;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575;&#1603;&#1575;&#1611; &#1589;&#1575;&#1585;&#1582;&#1575;&#1611; &#1604;&#1590;&#1605;&#1575;&#1606;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1581;&#1575;&#1603;&#1605;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1575;&#1583;&#1604;&#1577;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1571;&#1605;&#1575; &#1576;&#1582;&#1589;&#1608;&#1589; &#1587;&#1575;&#1574;&#1602;&#1610; &#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1585;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1580;&#1585;&#1577;&#1548; &#1601;&#1602;&#1583; &#1581;&#1608;&#1603;&#1605;&#1608;&#1575; &#1601;&#1610; &#1605;&#1585;&#1581;&#1604;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1574;&#1606;&#1575;&#1601; &#1576;&#1571;&#1581;&#1603;&#1575;&#1605; &#1605;&#1608;&#1602;&#1608;&#1601;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1606;&#1601;&#1610;&#1584; &#1608;&#1594;&#1585;&#1575;&#1605;&#1575;&#1578; &#1605;&#1575;&#1604;&#1610;&#1577;. &#1608;&#1601;&#1610; &#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1602; &#1571;&#1581;&#1583;&#1575;&#1579; &#1587;&#1576;&#1578;&#1577;&#1548; &#1575;&#1593;&#1578;&#1615;&#1602;&#1604; 69 &#1588;&#1582;&#1589;&#1575;&#1611;&#1548; &#1581;&#1608;&#1603;&#1605;&#1608;&#1575; &#1580;&#1605;&#1610;&#1593;&#1575;&#1611; &#1601;&#1610; &#1581;&#1575;&#1604;&#1577; &#1587;&#1585;&#1575;&#1581;. &#1608;&#1580;&#1585;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1580;&#1585;&#1575;&#1569;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1602;&#1590;&#1575;&#1574;&#1610;&#1577; &#1601;&#1610; &#1594;&#1610;&#1575;&#1576; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1601;&#1575;&#1593;&#1548; &#1608;&#1607;&#1608; &#1605;&#1575; &#1610;&#1588;&#1603;&#1604; &#1575;&#1606;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575;&#1603;&#1575;&#1611; &#1582;&#1591;&#1610;&#1585;&#1575;&#1611; &#1604;&#1604;&#1590;&#1605;&#1575;&#1606;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1587;&#1575;&#1587;&#1610;&#1577; &#1604;&#1604;&#1605;&#1581;&#1575;&#1603;&#1605;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1575;&#1583;&#1604;&#1577;. &#1608;&#1601;&#1610;&#1605;&#1575; &#1610;&#1578;&#1593;&#1604;&#1602; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1578;&#1608;&#1601;&#1610;&#1606;&#1548; &#1608;&#1608;&#1601;&#1602; &#1578;&#1589;&#1585;&#1610;&#1581; &#1604;&#1604;&#1580;&#1605;&#1593;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577; &#1604;&#1581;&#1602;&#1608;&#1602; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1606;&#1587;&#1575;&#1606;&#1548; &#1601;&#1573;&#1606; &#1593;&#1583;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1608;&#1601;&#1610;&#1575;&#1578; &#1582;&#1604;&#1575;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1587;&#1576;&#1608;&#1593; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1608;&#1604; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1581;&#1583;&#1575;&#1579; &#1578;&#1580;&#1575;&#1608;&#1586; 11 &#1580;&#1579;&#1577; &#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1615;&#1585;&#1580;&#1593;&#1578; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1575;&#1606;&#1576; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610; &#1608;&#1587;&#1615;&#1604;&#1617;&#1605;&#1578; &#1604;&#1575;&#1581;&#1602;&#1575;&#1611; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1584;&#1608;&#1610;&#1607;&#1575; &#1604;&#1583;&#1601;&#1606;&#1607;&#1575;. &#1608;&#1604;&#1575; &#1578;&#1586;&#1575;&#1604; &#1593;&#1583;&#1577; &#1593;&#1575;&#1574;&#1604;&#1575;&#1578; &#1578;&#1591;&#1575;&#1604;&#1576; &#1576;&#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1585;&#1580;&#1575;&#1593; &#1580;&#1579;&#1579; &#1571;&#1576;&#1606;&#1575;&#1574;&#1607;&#1575;. &#1608;&#1608;&#1601;&#1602; &#1578;&#1589;&#1585;&#1610;&#1581;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1604;&#1591;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1577;&#1548; &#1585;&#1601;&#1590; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576; &#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1604;&#1575;&#1605; &#1576;&#1593;&#1590; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1579;&#1579;&#1548; &#1585;&#1594;&#1605; &#1571;&#1606; &#1587;&#1578;&#1575;&#1611; &#1605;&#1606;&#1607;&#1575; &#1603;&#1575;&#1606;&#1578; &#1602;&#1583; &#1580;&#1585;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1593;&#1585;&#1601; &#1593;&#1604;&#1610;&#1607;&#1575; &#1593;&#1576;&#1585; &#1576;&#1589;&#1605;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1589;&#1575;&#1576;&#1593; &#1608;&#1601;&#1581;&#1608;&#1589;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1605;&#1590; &#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1608;&#1608;&#1610;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1608;&#1575;&#1586;&#1610; &#1605;&#1593; &#1584;&#1604;&#1603;&#1548; &#1588;&#1607;&#1583;&#1578; &#1605;&#1606;&#1591;&#1602;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1575;&#1592;&#1608;&#1585;-&#1576;&#1606;&#1610; &#1571;&#1606;&#1589;&#1575;&#1585; &#1605;&#1608;&#1580;&#1577; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1578;&#1575;&#1576;&#1593;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1602;&#1590;&#1575;&#1574;&#1610;&#1577; &#1590;&#1583; &#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589; &#1605;&#1593;&#1578;&#1602;&#1604;&#1610;&#1606; &#1601;&#1610; &#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1602; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1581;&#1583;&#1575;&#1579; &#1584;&#1575;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575;. &#1608;&#1581;&#1615;&#1603;&#1605; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1576;&#1593;&#1590;&#1607;&#1605; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1580;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1575;&#1601;&#1584; &#1604;&#1605;&#1583;&#1583; &#1578;&#1578;&#1585;&#1575;&#1608;&#1581; &#1576;&#1610;&#1606; &#1571;&#1585;&#1576;&#1593;&#1577; &#1608;&#1587;&#1578;&#1577; &#1571;&#1588;&#1607;&#1585;&#1548; &#1573;&#1590;&#1575;&#1601;&#1577; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1583;&#1601;&#1593; &#1578;&#1593;&#1608;&#1610;&#1590;&#1575;&#1578; &#1580;&#1605;&#1575;&#1593;&#1610;&#1577; &#1576;&#1604;&#1594;&#1578; &#1601;&#1610; &#1573;&#1581;&#1583;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1578; 84 &#1571;&#1604;&#1601; &#1583;&#1585;&#1607;&#1605;&#1548; &#1582;&#1615;&#1589;&#1589;&#1578; &#1604;&#1604;&#1605;&#1583;&#1610;&#1585;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1575;&#1605;&#1577; &#1604;&#1604;&#1571;&#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1608;&#1591;&#1606;&#1610;. &#1608;&#1603;&#1575;&#1606; &#1605;&#1606; &#1576;&#1610;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1593;&#1578;&#1602;&#1604;&#1610;&#1606; &#1571;&#1610;&#1590;&#1575;&#1611; &#1602;&#1575;&#1589;&#1585;&#1608;&#1606;. &#1608;&#1604;&#1575; &#1610;&#1586;&#1575;&#1604; &#1576;&#1593;&#1590;&#1607;&#1605; &#1610;&#1615;&#1581;&#1575;&#1603;&#1605; &#1571;&#1605;&#1575;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1581;&#1603;&#1605;&#1577; &#1601;&#1610; &#1573;&#1591;&#1575;&#1585; &#1605;&#1587;&#1575;&#1591;&#1585; &#1580;&#1606;&#1575;&#1574;&#1610;&#1577;&#1548; &#1578;&#1578;&#1608;&#1575;&#1589;&#1604; &#1578;&#1571;&#1580;&#1610;&#1604;&#1575;&#1578; &#1580;&#1604;&#1587;&#1575;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575; &#1576;&#1587;&#1576;&#1576; &#1594;&#1610;&#1575;&#1576; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1601;&#1575;&#1593;&#1548; &#1601;&#1610; &#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1602; &#1573;&#1590;&#1585;&#1575;&#1576; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1581;&#1575;&#1605;&#1610;&#1606;. &#1608;&#1601;&#1610; &#1580;&#1604;&#1587;&#1577; 10 &#1594;&#1588;&#1578;/&#1571;&#1594;&#1587;&#1591;&#1587; 2026&#1548; &#1605;&#1579;&#1604; &#1571;&#1605;&#1575;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1581;&#1603;&#1605;&#1577; 50 &#1605;&#1578;&#1575;&#1576;&#1593;&#1575;&#1611; &#1605;&#1608;&#1586;&#1593;&#1610;&#1606; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; 13 &#1605;&#1604;&#1601;&#1575;&#1611;&#1548; &#1576;&#1578;&#1607;&#1605; &#1578;&#1578;&#1593;&#1604;&#1602; &#1576;&#1573;&#1607;&#1575;&#1606;&#1577; &#1605;&#1608;&#1592;&#1601;&#1610;&#1606; &#1608;&#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1593;&#1605;&#1575;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1606;&#1601; &#1608;&#1573;&#1604;&#1581;&#1575;&#1602; &#1571;&#1590;&#1585;&#1575;&#1585; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1605;&#1578;&#1604;&#1603;&#1575;&#1578;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1608;&#1604;&#1605; &#1610;&#1615;&#1581;&#1575;&#1603;&#1614;&#1605; &#1581;&#1590;&#1608;&#1585;&#1610;&#1575;&#1611; &#1587;&#1608;&#1609; 11 &#1605;&#1593;&#1578;&#1602;&#1604;&#1575;&#1611;&#1548; &#1576;&#1610;&#1606;&#1605;&#1575; &#1581;&#1615;&#1608;&#1603;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1575;&#1602;&#1608;&#1606; &#1593;&#1606; &#1576;&#1593;&#1583;&#1548; &#1605;&#1606; &#1576;&#1610;&#1606;&#1607;&#1605; &#1601;&#1578;&#1575;&#1578;&#1575;&#1606; &#1605;&#1593;&#1578;&#1602;&#1604;&#1578;&#1575;&#1606;. &#1608;&#1601;&#1610; &#1580;&#1604;&#1587;&#1575;&#1578; &#1604;&#1575;&#1581;&#1602;&#1577; &#1571;&#1605;&#1575;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1581;&#1603;&#1605;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1576;&#1578;&#1583;&#1575;&#1574;&#1610;&#1577; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1575;&#1592;&#1608;&#1585;&#1548; &#1571;&#1589;&#1583;&#1585;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1581;&#1603;&#1605;&#1577; &#1571;&#1581;&#1603;&#1575;&#1605;&#1575;&#1611; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1580;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1575;&#1601;&#1584; &#1608;&#1594;&#1585;&#1575;&#1605;&#1575;&#1578; &#1602;&#1583;&#1585;&#1607;&#1575; 500 &#1583;&#1585;&#1607;&#1605; &#1590;&#1583; &#1593;&#1583;&#1577; &#1605;&#1580;&#1605;&#1608;&#1593;&#1575;&#1578;. &#1608;&#1604;&#1605; &#1578;&#1578;&#1608;&#1602;&#1601; &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1606;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575;&#1603;&#1575;&#1578; &#1593;&#1606;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1593;&#1578;&#1602;&#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1578; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1581;&#1575;&#1603;&#1605;&#1575;&#1578;&#1548; &#1573;&#1584; &#1588;&#1605;&#1604;&#1578; &#1593;&#1605;&#1604;&#1610;&#1575;&#1578; &#1573;&#1593;&#1575;&#1583;&#1577; &#1601;&#1608;&#1585;&#1610;&#1577; &#1604;&#1605;&#1574;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1588;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1584;&#1610;&#1606; &#1578;&#1605;&#1603;&#1606;&#1608;&#1575; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1608;&#1589;&#1608;&#1604; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1605;&#1604;&#1610;&#1604;&#1610;&#1577;&#1548; &#1581;&#1610;&#1579; &#1571;&#1615;&#1593;&#1610;&#1583;&#1608;&#1575; &#1593;&#1576;&#1585; &#1571;&#1576;&#1608;&#1575;&#1576; &#1588;&#1576;&#1607; &#1587;&#1585;&#1610;&#1577; &#1605;&#1608;&#1580;&#1608;&#1583;&#1577; &#1608;&#1587;&#1591; &#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1580; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1583;&#1608;&#1583;&#1610; &#1601;&#1610; &#1605;&#1606;&#1591;&#1602;&#1577; &#034;&#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1589;&#1610;&#1606;&#1610;&#034; (Barrio Chino)&#1548; &#1601;&#1610; &#1592;&#1585;&#1608;&#1601; &#1578;&#1579;&#1610;&#1585; &#1578;&#1587;&#1575;&#1572;&#1604;&#1575;&#1578; &#1581;&#1608;&#1604; &#1575;&#1581;&#1578;&#1585;&#1575;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1590;&#1605;&#1575;&#1606;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1602;&#1575;&#1606;&#1608;&#1606;&#1610;&#1577; &#1608;&#1581;&#1602;&#1608;&#1602; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1606;&#1587;&#1575;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1585;&#1578;&#1576;&#1591;&#1577; &#1576;&#1593;&#1605;&#1604;&#1610;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1593;&#1575;&#1583;&#1577;. &#1608;&#1601;&#1610; &#1608;&#1602;&#1578; &#1604;&#1575;&#1581;&#1602;&#1548; &#1606;&#1615;&#1601;&#1584;&#1578; &#1593;&#1605;&#1604;&#1610;&#1575;&#1578; &#1591;&#1585;&#1583; &#1604;&#1605;&#1574;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1588;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1548; &#1606;&#1615;&#1602;&#1604;&#1608;&#1575; &#1582;&#1604;&#1575;&#1604;&#1607;&#1575; &#1602;&#1587;&#1585;&#1575;&#1611; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1605;&#1606;&#1575;&#1591;&#1602; &#1606;&#1575;&#1574;&#1610;&#1577; &#1608;&#1605;&#1578;&#1601;&#1585;&#1602;&#1577;&#1548; &#1602;&#1576;&#1610;&#1604; &#1608;&#1589;&#1608;&#1604;&#1607;&#1605; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1583;&#1606; (&#1580;&#1585;&#1587;&#1610;&#1601;&#1548; &#1608;&#1576;&#1606;&#1610; &#1605;&#1604;&#1575;&#1604;&#1548; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1575;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1610;&#1590;&#1575;&#1569;&#1548; &#1608;&#1605;&#1610;&#1583;&#1604;&#1578;...)&#1548; &#1608;&#1578;&#1615;&#1585;&#1603;&#1608;&#1575; &#1607;&#1606;&#1575;&#1603; &#1601;&#1610; &#1593;&#1586; &#1575;&#1604;&#1589;&#1610;&#1601;&#1548; &#1608;&#1587;&#1591; &#1583;&#1585;&#1580;&#1575;&#1578; &#1581;&#1585;&#1575;&#1585;&#1577; &#1605;&#1585;&#1578;&#1601;&#1593;&#1577;&#1548; &#1608;&#1583;&#1608;&#1606; &#1578;&#1608;&#1601;&#1610;&#1585; &#1592;&#1585;&#1608;&#1601; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1605;&#1575;&#1610;&#1577; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1587;&#1575;&#1593;&#1583;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1604;&#1575;&#1586;&#1605;&#1577;&#8230;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1604;&#1605; &#1610;&#1605;&#1606;&#1593; &#1607;&#1584;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1606;&#1601; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1607;&#1575;&#1580;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606; &#1605;&#1606; &#1578;&#1591;&#1608;&#1610;&#1585; &#1571;&#1588;&#1603;&#1575;&#1604; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1606;&#1592;&#1610;&#1605; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1602;&#1575;&#1608;&#1605;&#1577;. &#1578;&#1576;&#1583;&#1571; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1602;&#1575;&#1608;&#1605;&#1577; &#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1585;&#1603;&#1577;&#1548; &#1601;&#1610; &#1602;&#1585;&#1575;&#1585; &#1605;&#1594;&#1575;&#1583;&#1585;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1603;&#1575;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1584;&#1610; &#1601;&#1615;&#1585;&#1590; &#1593;&#1604;&#1610;&#1607;&#1605;&#1548; &#1585;&#1594;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1583;&#1608;&#1583; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1580;&#1607;&#1586;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1615;&#1593;&#1583;&#1617;&#1577; &#1604;&#1605;&#1606;&#1593; &#1584;&#1604;&#1603;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1588;&#1607;&#1583;&#1606;&#1575; &#1571;&#1588;&#1603;&#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1611; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1602;&#1575;&#1608;&#1605;&#1577; &#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1605;&#1575;&#1585;&#1587;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1610;&#1608;&#1605;&#1610;&#1577; &#1604;&#1604;&#1576;&#1602;&#1575;&#1569;: &#1578;&#1576;&#1575;&#1583;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1593;&#1604;&#1608;&#1605;&#1575;&#1578; &#1581;&#1608;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1587;&#1575;&#1585;&#1575;&#1578;&#1563; &#1573;&#1594;&#1575;&#1579;&#1577; &#1571;&#1608; &#1585;&#1593;&#1575;&#1610;&#1577; &#1588;&#1582;&#1589; &#1605;&#1589;&#1575;&#1576;&#1563; &#1578;&#1602;&#1575;&#1587;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1591;&#1593;&#1575;&#1605; &#1571;&#1608; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1583;&#1608;&#1610;&#1577;&#1563; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1585;&#1580;&#1605;&#1577;&#1563; &#1581;&#1605;&#1575;&#1610;&#1577; &#1605;&#1605;&#1578;&#1604;&#1603;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1570;&#1582;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606;&#1563; &#1578;&#1606;&#1592;&#1610;&#1605; &#1605;&#1606;&#1575;&#1608;&#1576;&#1575;&#1578; &#1604;&#1604;&#1606;&#1608;&#1605; &#1605;&#1606; &#1571;&#1580;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1602;&#1575;&#1569; &#1601;&#1610; &#1571;&#1605;&#1575;&#1606;&#1563; &#1606;&#1602;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1580;&#1575;&#1585;&#1576; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1589;&#1575;&#1574;&#1581; &#1573;&#1604;&#1609; &#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589; &#1570;&#1582;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606;&#1563; &#1581;&#1601;&#1592; &#1585;&#1602;&#1605; &#1607;&#1575;&#1578;&#1601; &#1571;&#1608; &#1605;&#1593;&#1604;&#1608;&#1605;&#1577; &#1605;&#1607;&#1605;&#1577; &#1593;&#1606; &#1592;&#1607;&#1585; &#1602;&#1604;&#1576; &#1581;&#1578;&#1609; &#1604;&#1575; &#1578;&#1590;&#1610;&#1593; &#1573;&#1584;&#1575; &#1603;&#1615;&#1587;&#1585;&#1578; &#1607;&#1608;&#1575;&#1578;&#1601;&#1607;&#1605;&#1563; &#1571;&#1608; &#1573;&#1593;&#1575;&#1583;&#1577; &#1576;&#1606;&#1575;&#1569; &#1575;&#1604;&#1588;&#1576;&#1603;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1610; &#1601;&#1585;&#1617;&#1602;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1583;&#1575;&#1607;&#1605;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1588;&#1585;&#1591;&#1610;&#1577; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1587;&#1603;&#1585;&#1610;&#1577;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1608;&#1603;&#1584;&#1604;&#1603; &#1601;&#1610; &#1576;&#1606;&#1575;&#1569; &#1578;&#1581;&#1575;&#1604;&#1601;&#1575;&#1578; &#1605;&#1593; &#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589; &#1570;&#1582;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606;&#1563; &#1608;&#1601;&#1610; &#1581;&#1601;&#1592; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1583;&#1604;&#1577; &#1608;&#1601;&#1590;&#1581; &#1571;&#1593;&#1605;&#1575;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1606;&#1601; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1610; &#1578;&#1593;&#1585;&#1590;&#1608;&#1575; &#1604;&#1607;&#1575;&#1563; &#1608;&#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1606;&#1592;&#1610;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1605;&#1575;&#1593;&#1610; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1591;&#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1577; &#1576;&#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1602;&#1608;&#1602; &#1581;&#1578;&#1609; &#1593;&#1606;&#1583;&#1605;&#1575; &#1578;&#1593;&#1585;&#1602;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1572;&#1587;&#1587;&#1575;&#1578; &#1571;&#1608; &#1578;&#1605;&#1606;&#1593; &#1605;&#1605;&#1575;&#1585;&#1587;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575;&#1563; &#1608;&#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1601;&#1575;&#1592; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1588;&#1576;&#1603;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1608;&#1575;&#1589;&#1604; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1593;&#1605; &#1593;&#1606; &#1576;&#1593;&#1583;&#1563; &#1608;&#1601;&#1610; &#1576;&#1606;&#1575;&#1569; &#1571;&#1588;&#1603;&#1575;&#1604; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1590;&#1575;&#1605;&#1606; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1606;&#1592;&#1610;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1610;&#1608;&#1605;&#1610; &#1578;&#1578;&#1610;&#1581; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1601;&#1575;&#1592; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1605;&#1575;&#1593;&#1610; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1573;&#1605;&#1603;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1605;&#1585;&#1575;&#1585; &#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1602;&#1575;&#1608;&#1605;&#1577;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#1606;&#1591;&#1575;&#1604;&#1576; &#1576;&#1605;&#1575; &#1610;&#1604;&#1610;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &#1601;&#1578;&#1581; &#1578;&#1581;&#1602;&#1610;&#1602; &#1583;&#1608;&#1604;&#1610; &#1605;&#1587;&#1578;&#1602;&#1604; &#1608;&#1606;&#1586;&#1610;&#1607; &#1601;&#1610; &#1580;&#1605;&#1610;&#1593; &#1575;&#1606;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575;&#1603;&#1575;&#1578; &#1581;&#1602;&#1608;&#1602; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1606;&#1587;&#1575;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1610; &#1608;&#1602;&#1593;&#1578; &#1576;&#1587;&#1576;&#1578;&#1577; &#1608;&#1605;&#1604;&#1610;&#1604;&#1610;&#1577; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1575;&#1606;&#1576;&#1610;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1548; &#1610;&#1588;&#1605;&#1604; &#1571;&#1582;&#1584; &#1573;&#1601;&#1575;&#1583;&#1575;&#1578; &#1605;&#1576;&#1575;&#1588;&#1585;&#1577; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1590;&#1581;&#1575;&#1610;&#1575; &#1608;&#1573;&#1580;&#1585;&#1575;&#1569; &#1601;&#1581;&#1589; 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&#1608;&#1605;&#1604;&#1610;&#1604;&#1610;&#1577;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; &#1590;&#1605;&#1575;&#1606; &#1605;&#1581;&#1575;&#1603;&#1605;&#1577; &#1593;&#1575;&#1583;&#1604;&#1577; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1602; &#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1601;&#1575;&#1593; &#1604;&#1580;&#1605;&#1610;&#1593; &#1575;&#1604;&#1588;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1593;&#1578;&#1602;&#1604;&#1610;&#1606; &#1601;&#1610; &#1578;&#1591;&#1608;&#1575;&#1606; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1575;&#1592;&#1608;&#1585;&#1548; &#1608;&#1605;&#1585;&#1575;&#1580;&#1593;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1581;&#1603;&#1575;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1602;&#1575;&#1587;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1589;&#1575;&#1583;&#1585;&#1577; &#1601;&#1610; &#1594;&#1610;&#1575;&#1576; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1601;&#1575;&#1593;&#1548; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1601;&#1585;&#1575;&#1580; &#1593;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1602;&#1575;&#1589;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1593;&#1578;&#1602;&#1604;&#1610;&#1606;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; 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&#1604;&#1604;&#1571;&#1605;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1578;&#1581;&#1583;&#1577; &#1604;&#1588;&#1572;&#1608;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1604;&#1575;&#1580;&#1574;&#1610;&#1606;&#1548; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1602;&#1585;&#1585;&#1608;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589;&#1608;&#1606; &#1604;&#1604;&#1571;&#1605;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1578;&#1581;&#1583;&#1577;) &#1589;&#1604;&#1575;&#1581;&#1610;&#1575;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575; &#1603;&#1575;&#1605;&#1604;&#1577; &#1604;&#1605;&#1587;&#1575;&#1569;&#1604;&#1577; &#1573;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1575; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1578;&#1581;&#1575;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1608;&#1585;&#1608;&#1576;&#1610;&#1548; &#1603;&#1604; &#1576;&#1581;&#1587;&#1576; &#1578;&#1589;&#1585;&#1601;&#1575;&#1578;&#1607; &#1608;&#1575;&#1582;&#1578;&#1589;&#1575;&#1589;&#1575;&#1578;&#1607; &#1608;&#1605;&#1587;&#1572;&#1608;&#1604;&#1610;&#1575;&#1578;&#1607; &#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1610;&#1575;&#1587;&#1610;&#1577;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; &#1590;&#1605;&#1575;&#1606; &#1575;&#1587;&#1578;&#1605;&#1585;&#1575;&#1585; &#1578;&#1608;&#1586;&#1610;&#1593; &#1575;&#1604;&#1594;&#1584;&#1575;&#1569; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1575;&#1569; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1587;&#1575;&#1593;&#1583;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1591;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1601;&#1587;&#1610;&#1577; &#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1580;&#1605;&#1610;&#1593; &#1575;&#1604;&#1571;&#1588;&#1582;&#1575;&#1589; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1578;&#1608;&#1575;&#1580;&#1583;&#1610;&#1606; &#1601;&#1610; &#1587;&#1576;&#1578;&#1577;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; &#1578;&#1608;&#1601;&#1610;&#1585; &#1581;&#1605;&#1575;&#1610;&#1577; &#1601;&#1593;&#1604;&#1610;&#1577; &#1604;&#1604;&#1606;&#1575;&#1588;&#1591;&#1610;&#1606; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1578;&#1591;&#1608;&#1593;&#1575;&#1578; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1589;&#1581;&#1601;&#1610;&#1610;&#1606; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1603;&#1575;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1581;&#1604;&#1610;&#1610;&#1606; 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&#1608;&#1593;&#1604;&#1609; &#1605;&#1587;&#1578;&#1608;&#1609; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1608;&#1575;&#1589;&#1604; &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1580;&#1578;&#1605;&#1575;&#1593;&#1610; &#1590;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1607;&#1575;&#1580;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606; &#1576;&#1587;&#1576;&#1578;&#1577;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; &#1606;&#1588;&#1585; &#1578;&#1602;&#1585;&#1610;&#1585; &#1593;&#1605;&#1608;&#1605;&#1610; &#1583;&#1608;&#1585;&#1610; &#1610;&#1578;&#1590;&#1605;&#1606; &#1571;&#1593;&#1583;&#1575;&#1583; &#1575;&#1604;&#1602;&#1578;&#1604;&#1609; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1585;&#1581;&#1609; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1593;&#1578;&#1602;&#1604;&#1610;&#1606;&#1548; &#1610;&#1615;&#1581;&#1583;&#1614;&#1617;&#1579; &#1576;&#1575;&#1606;&#1578;&#1592;&#1575;&#1605; &#1608;&#1610;&#1605;&#1603;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1581;&#1602;&#1602; &#1605;&#1606;&#1607; &#1605;&#1606; &#1602;&#1576;&#1604; &#1580;&#1607;&#1575;&#1578; &#1605;&#1587;&#1578;&#1602;&#1604;&#1577;&#1548; &#1576;&#1583;&#1604;&#1575;&#1611; &#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1603;&#1578;&#1601;&#1575;&#1569; &#1576;&#1576;&#1610;&#1575;&#1606;&#1575;&#1578; &#1605;&#1578;&#1601;&#1585;&#1602;&#1577; &#1608;&#1594;&#1610;&#1585; &#1585;&#1587;&#1605;&#1610;&#1577;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; &#1590;&#1605;&#1575;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1605;&#1575;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1601;&#1593;&#1604;&#1610;&#1577; &#1604;&#1604;&#1606;&#1587;&#1575;&#1569; &#1548; &#1608;&#1604;&#1575; &#1587;&#1610;&#1605;&#1575; &#1575;&#1604;&#1602;&#1575;&#1589;&#1585;&#1575;&#1578; &#1594;&#1610;&#1585; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1589;&#1581;&#1608;&#1576;&#1575;&#1578;&#1548; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1581;&#1602;&#1610;&#1602; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1583;&#1610; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1587;&#1578;&#1602;&#1604; &#1601;&#1610; &#1580;&#1605;&#1610;&#1593; &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1593;&#1578;&#1583;&#1575;&#1569;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1606;&#1587;&#1610;&#1577; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1606;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575;&#1603;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1585;&#1578;&#1603;&#1576;&#1577; &#1576;&#1581;&#1602;&#1607;&#1605;&#1548; &#1608;&#1605;&#1587;&#1575;&#1569;&#1604;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1578;&#1608;&#1585;&#1591;&#1610;&#1606; &#1608;&#1590;&#1605;&#1575;&#1606; &#1581;&#1602; &#1575;&#1604;&#1590;&#1581;&#1575;&#1610;&#1575; &#1601;&#1610; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1583;&#1575;&#1604;&#1577; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1605;&#1575;&#1610;&#1577; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1585;&#1593;&#1575;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1589;&#1581;&#1610;&#1577; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1601;&#1587;&#1610;&#1577; &#1608;&#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1580;&#1578;&#1605;&#1575;&#1593;&#1610;&#1577;&#1548; &#1605;&#1593; &#1578;&#1608;&#1601;&#1610;&#1585; &#1570;&#1604;&#1610;&#1575;&#1578; &#1570;&#1605;&#1606;&#1577; &#1604;&#1604;&#1573;&#1576;&#1604;&#1575;&#1594; &#1593;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1606;&#1578;&#1607;&#1575;&#1603;&#1575;&#1578;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class='cs_blocs'&gt;&lt;h4 class='blocs_titre blocs_replie blocs_click'&gt;&lt;a href='#_foo'&gt;&#1602;&#1575;&#1574;&#1605;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1608;&#1602;&#1593;&#1610;&#1606;:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;div class='blocs_destination blocs_invisible blocs_slide'&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Border Resistance&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
No Name Kitchen&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Brigadas de Apoyo Mutuo Ceuta&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Cadre Cagoule&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asoc Pro Derechos Humanos De Andalucia&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Association Marocaine des Droits Humains (AMDH) - Section Oriental&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Association Marocaine des Droits Humains (AMDH) - Section Belgique&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Le Comit&#233; Pr&#233;paratoire de la Section Pays-Bas de AMDH&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Migreurop&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
MEM.MED Memoria Mediterranea&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Carovane Migranti&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Sos Racismo Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Push-Back Alarm Austria&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
PODEMOS&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&#193;rea de Migraciones de Podemos&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
FASTI f&#233;d&#233;ration d associations de soutiens aux personnes migrantes en France&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La marche des solidarit&#233;s&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Anticapitalistas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Naci&#243;n Andaluza&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Uni&#243;n de Juventudes Comunistas de Espa&#241;a (UJCE)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Liza - Plataforma Anarquista&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Confederaci&#243;n General del Trabajo (CGT)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Sindicato AIT Tarragona&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
CAT-AIT Granada [formerly CNT-AIT, Granada]&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
CNT Granada&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La Laboratoria (nodo EuroSur)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Boicot, Desinversiones y Sanciones a Israel (BDS Madrid)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
CSP75 /CISPM Coordination 75 des Sans-Papiers, France.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
SOV Pedrera, CNT&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Confederacion Anarcosindicalista (CA-AIT) de Gij&#243;n&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Anti-Imperialist League&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
L'association des m&#232;re des migrants disparus, Tunisie&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Caravana Abriendo Fronteras Andaluc&#237;a&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Collectif sud-asiatique/brown antiraciste&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Observatorio &#201;tico International - OBETI&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asamblea 8M Lavapi&#233;s&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Comisi&#243;n 8M Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Grupo por el Socialismo&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Solidaria de Acogida&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Granadina por el Refugio y la Acogida (Redgra)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Plataforma Personas Refugiadas de C&#225;ceres&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Plataforma Bienvenid@s Refugiad@s de La Rioja&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Bienvenidas Refugiadas M&#225;laga&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Tejiendo Redes TS&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Afrof&#233;minas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red de Apoyo a Inmigrantes Dimbali&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Zambra M&#225;laga&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Ciudada de Acogida de Legan&#233;s&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociacion Gitanas Feministas por la Diversidad&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Ciudada de Acogida de Legan&#233;s&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Senda de cuidados&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Frente Migrante Antirracista&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Migrantes Transgresorxs&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Argentinxs en Movimimiento - Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Trans en Lucha&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Autodefensa Transfeminista Las Turas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Resistencia Migrante Disidente&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Sembrar&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Movimiento Marika de Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
(A)saltar Muros&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Mil Colinas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asoc Granafrik&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asoc Gylda&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Ongi Etorri Errefuxiatuak&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Cultural Brasile&#241;a Maloks&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Trawunche Madrid (Coordinaci&#243;n de Apoyo al Pueblo Mapuche)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La Otra Orilla&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
SinPoli&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Solidaria Contra la Ocupaci&#243;n en Palestina (RESCOP)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
BDS Murcia&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Left Hand Rotation&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
South Trans Voice&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Entrepuentea (Centro Social La Villana de Vallekas)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Cultural Espacio Bellas Vistas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asamblea Antimilitaristas de Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Fundaci&#243;n de los Comunes&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asamblea Plaza de los Pueblos&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Movimiento Palme&#241;o por Palestina&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asoc. Sociocultural Entre L&#237;neas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Maestras del Barrio&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Colectivo Agar espacio de investigaci&#243;n y encuentro desde la diversidad&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Global Sumud Flotilla Andaluc&#237;a&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Global Sumud Flotilla M&#225;laga&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Occupay for gaza&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Fuenlabrada con Palestina&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
BDS Cartagena&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Acampada por Palestina La Rioja&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Warawas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Rebeli&#243;n o Extinci&#243;n Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Synusia&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Foro Social La Rioja&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Cultural La Chivata Teatro&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Juventud por el clima - Fridays For Future&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
A.C. La Vor&#225;gine Cr&#237;tica&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="es">
		<title>Cerca de 100 organizaciones denuncian la violencia contra las personas migrantes en Ceuta</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3625.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3625.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-09-21T14:41:53Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>es</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Maroc&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Espagne&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Externalisation&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Militarisation des fronti&#232;res&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Mort&#183;e&#183;s aux fronti&#232;res&lt;/span&gt;</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Migreurop es cofirmante de este comunicado que denuncia las violaciones de derechos cometidas por los Estados espa&#241;ol y marroqu&#237; contra las personas exiliadas en Ceuta. El trabajo de documentaci&#243;n realizado por el equipo de Border Resistance con activistas, gracias a la labor de las secciones de Tetu&#225;n, Fnideq y Nador de la Asociaci&#243;n Marroqu&#237; de Derechos Humanos (AMDH) pone de manifiesto un patr&#243;n de violencia f&#237;sica y psicol&#243;gica sistem&#225;tica. El texto destaca la dimensi&#243;n racista y de (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique471.html" rel="directory"&gt;Actions collectives&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot184.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Maroc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot19.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Espagne&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Externalisation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Militarisation des fronti&#232;res&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot171.html" rel="tag"&gt;&lt;span lang='fr'&gt;Mort&#183;e&#183;s aux fronti&#232;res&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/IMG/logo/b03339d_ftp-1-3olxyvtt3gko-2026-09-18t111331z-40158237-rc2jlnaz6g9e-rtrmadp-3-migration-europe-spain-ceuta-2-2.jpg?1789995801' class=&#034;spip_logo spip_logo_right&#034; alt=&#034;&#034; style='max-width: 150px;max-width: min(100%,150px); max-height: 150px' /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Migreurop es cofirmante de este comunicado que denuncia las violaciones de derechos cometidas por los Estados espa&#241;ol y marroqu&#237; contra las personas exiliadas en Ceuta. El trabajo de documentaci&#243;n realizado por el equipo de &lt;a href=&#034;https://borderresistance.movements.mov/about&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Border Resistance&lt;/a&gt; con activistas, gracias a la labor de las secciones de Tetu&#225;n, Fnideq y Nador de la Asociaci&#243;n Marroqu&#237; de Derechos Humanos (&lt;a href=&#034;https://amdh.org.ma/fr/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;AMDH&lt;/a&gt;) pone de manifiesto un patr&#243;n de violencia f&#237;sica y psicol&#243;gica sistem&#225;tica. El texto destaca la dimensi&#243;n racista y de g&#233;nero de esta violencia y muestra que se inscribe en un contexto de tensiones fronterizas entre Marruecos y Espa&#241;a, fruto de una situaci&#243;n colonial y de d&#233;cadas de pol&#237;ticas de externalizaci&#243;n. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Emitimos este comunicado para documentar y denunciar &lt;strong&gt;una serie de violaciones de DDHH interrelacionadas que revelan, en su conjunto, una pol&#237;tica sistem&#225;tica por parte de los Estados espa&#241;ol y marroqu&#237; y de la Uni&#243;n Europea que convierte a las personas migrantes en una moneda de cambio en un conflicto pol&#237;tico y econ&#243;mico, as&#237; como una violencia directa y sistem&#225;tica que golpea los cuerpos de los colectivos especialmente expuestos a la violencia institucional y fronteriza&lt;/strong&gt;: personas vulnerabilizadas por las pol&#237;ticas migratorias, el racismo institucional personas migrantes, solicitantes de asilo y menores, adem&#225;s de las personas del colectivo LGBTIQ+, entre los grupos m&#225;s expuestos a esta violencia. Las personas que se desplazan no son instrumentos pol&#237;ticos de los estados, tienen sus propios motivos, necesidades, expectativas y decisiones que deben ser escuchadas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La movilidad humana no nace de las fronteras ni de las pol&#237;ticas que buscan regularla. &lt;/strong&gt; Las personas ya se desplazan, toman decisiones y construyen sus propias trayectorias antes de encontrarse con los dispositivos fronterizos que intentan limitar esos movimientos. La frontera no produce el movimiento: se construye precisamente para contenerlo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Esta crisis se desarrolla en un contexto de d&#233;cadas de pol&#237;ticas de externalizaci&#243;n de fronteras europeas&lt;/strong&gt;, mediante la cual Espa&#241;a y la Uni&#243;n Europea financian, equipan y entrenan desde hace a&#241;os a fuerzas de seguridad en Marruecos, Mauritania, Senegal y Mal&#237;, y T&#250;nez y Libia a trav&#233;s de la entrega de cientos de veh&#237;culos, drones y embarcaciones, con el objetivo de impedir la llegada de personas migrantes al territorio europeo. Los estados intentan instrumentalizar y gobernar la movilidad humana como mecanismo de presi&#243;n geopol&#237;tica, pero las personas migrantes no son instrumentos pasivos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Lo ocurrido tampoco puede comprenderse al margen de la historia colonial de Espa&#241;a en el norte de &#193;frica y en el S&#225;hara Occidental.&lt;/strong&gt; Ceuta y Melilla son fronteras atravesadas por relaciones coloniales, disputas territoriales y jerarqu&#237;as raciales que organizan qui&#233;n puede circular y qui&#233;n es sometido al control, la expulsi&#243;n o la violencia. Esta frontera tiene en su memoria varios sucesos en a&#241;os anteriores que demuestran que esto no es un caso aislado, por ejemplo las muertes de 2005, el Tarajal en 2014, y las devoluciones ilegales de menores en 2021.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Este modelo ha mostrado repetidamente su contradicci&#243;n fundamental: en mayo de 2021, m&#225;s de 10.000 personas entraron a Ceuta tras la acogida por parte de Espa&#241;a del l&#237;der del Frente Polisario, Brahim Ghali, seg&#250;n diversos informes publicados en relaci&#243;n a estos hechos, que describieron una apertura deliberada de la frontera por parte de Marruecos, como estrategia de presi&#243;n vinculada al expediente del S&#225;hara Occidental. Aquella crisis provoc&#243; la destituci&#243;n de la ministra de Asuntos Exteriores espa&#241;ola, Arancha Gonz&#225;lez Laya. El 24 de junio de 2022, en la frontera de Melilla se produjo una masacre sangrienta que cost&#243; la vida a al menos 27 personas y dej&#243; cerca de 70 desaparecidos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cabe se&#241;alar tambi&#233;n que las Islas Canarias recibieron por s&#237; solas a 23.000 migrantes en 2020, seg&#250;n cifras oficiales, la mayor&#237;a procedentes de las costas del S&#225;hara Occidental, en uno de los momentos de mayor llegada de personas migrantes por v&#237;a mar&#237;tima a las Islas. A este contexto se suma un conflicto econ&#243;mico y estrat&#233;gico creciente en torno al &#034;Monte Tropic&#034;, un monte submarino situado a unos 499 kil&#243;metros de la isla de El Hierro, que alberga toneladas de telurio, as&#237; como cobalto, n&#237;quel y litio, minerales estrat&#233;gicos esenciales para el desarrollo de la tecnolog&#237;a verde y la transici&#243;n energ&#233;tica. En 2009, Marruecos present&#243; una solicitud para ampliar su plataforma continental de modo que incluyera este monte, y Espa&#241;a respondi&#243; en 2014 con una solicitud similar basada en la prolongaci&#243;n natural de las Islas Canarias. Posteriormente, en 2020, Marruecos ampli&#243; sus aguas territoriales mediante dos leyes parlamentarias que Madrid interpret&#243; como una injerencia en su soberan&#237;a. El expediente volvi&#243; con fuerza a primer plano en noviembre-diciembre de 2025, tras la resoluci&#243;n 2797 del Consejo de Seguridad relativa al S&#225;hara Occidental, que reforz&#243; la posici&#243;n negociadora marroqu&#237; a nivel internacional y reaviv&#243; los temores espa&#241;oles de perder el control sobre estos recursos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En este clima de tensi&#243;n, Espa&#241;a adopt&#243; una serie de decisiones anteriores a julio de 2026: una regularizaci&#243;n extraordinaria y colectiva de la situaci&#243;n de miles de personas migrantes en situaci&#243;n administrativa irregular demandada hace a&#241;os por el movimiento migrante y antirracista, la visita del presidente del Gobierno, Pedro S&#225;nchez a Argelia, que normaliz&#243; las relaciones bilaterales tras a&#241;os de tensi&#243;n, despu&#233;s de que Espa&#241;a hubiera cambiado su postura en 2023 para apoyar el plan de autonom&#237;a marroqu&#237; en el S&#225;hara Occidental, Y la ratificaci&#243;n por el Parlamento espa&#241;ol de una ley destinada a conceder la nacionalidad espa&#241;ola a las personas saharauis nacidas bajo la administraci&#243;n espa&#241;ola, cuyo n&#250;mero de posibles beneficiarios se estima entre 80.000 y 200.000 personas, y Cabe se&#241;alar tambi&#233;n que las inversiones chinas en Espa&#241;a pasaron de 249 millones de euros en 2024 a cerca de 643 millones de euros en 2025, un dato que se menciona como factor adicional en los c&#225;lculos de las grandes potencias en torno a la regi&#243;n, junto con el hecho de que Argelia es el principal proveedor de gas de Espa&#241;a.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En este mismo contexto, coincidiendo con la Fiesta del Trono del Reino de Marruecos,&lt;strong&gt; se produjo los d&#237;as 30 y 31 de julio de 2026 un episodio extraordinario de llegada de entre 50.000 y 70.000 personas&lt;/strong&gt;. mayor&#237;a marroqu&#237;es, junto con una minor&#237;a procedente de pa&#237;ses del Sudan, Yemen, la Rep&#250;blica de las Comoras, Togo, N&#237;ger, Camer&#250;n, Etiop&#237;a, Egipto, Rep&#250;blica Centroafricana, Somalia, Palestina, Chad, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Costa de Marfil, Mal&#237;, Eritrea, Sud&#225;n del Sur, Siria, Ben&#237;n&#8230; hacia Ceuta&lt;strong&gt;, que dej&#243; m&#225;s de 120 muertos, la mayor&#237;a j&#243;venes y menores marroqu&#237;es.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;El incidente estuvo precedido por publicaciones en Facebook y otras plataformas, cuyo origen sigue siendo oficialmente desconocido, que incitaron espec&#237;ficamente a los marroqu&#237;es, y no a otras nacionalidades, a dirigirse hacia Ceuta, afirmando falsamente que la frontera estaba abierta.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A diferencia de la indulgencia observada en el caso de Ceuta, &lt;strong&gt;se registr&#243; una intervenci&#243;n violenta por parte de las autoridades marroqu&#237;es en la zona fronteriza de Beni Ansar-Melilla&lt;/strong&gt;, lo que revela dos patrones diferentes de actuaci&#243;n en el marco de las negociaciones con la Uni&#243;n Europea y Espa&#241;a: el modelo de Melilla y el modelo de Ceuta.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As&#237; que no estamos ante una &#8220;crisis migratoria&#8221;, &lt;strong&gt;las personas que migran no son la crisis&lt;/strong&gt;, la crisis es pol&#237;tica, y deriva de un r&#233;gimen de fronteras que determina que vidas importan, qui&#233;n puede desplazarse de manera segura y quien debe arriesgar su vida para hacerlo. &lt;strong&gt;As&#237; que denunciamos tambi&#233;n la islamofobia y el racismo antinegro que atraviesan este r&#233;gimen de fronteras. &lt;/strong&gt; La construcci&#243;n racial y colonial del &#8220;moro-musulm&#225;n&#8221; como amenaza y la criminalizaci&#243;n de las personas negras africanas que alimentan discursos de &#8220;invasi&#243;n&#8221; y &#8220;peligrosidad&#8221; para preparar el terreno de la vulneraci&#243;n de todo derecho, persecuci&#243;n y el control.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En este comunicado se ha basado de decenas de testimonios directos de v&#237;ctimas migrantes, entre ellxs solicitantes de asilo, menores y personas del colectivo LGBTIQ+. En su conjunto, estos testimonios documentan &lt;strong&gt;un patr&#243;n de violencia f&#237;sica y psicol&#243;gica sistem&#225;tica deliberada&lt;/strong&gt; que exponemos a continuaci&#243;n:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los testimonios recogidos entre personas queer revelan una violencia f&#237;sica de especial intensidad, agravada por el rechazo hacia su identidad de g&#233;nero. Varias describen haber recibido pu&#241;etazos, golpes con porras, en el rostro hasta la hinchaz&#243;n del ojo, golpes posteriores con un objetos contundentes, patadas en el pecho y golpes en las manos hasta dejarlas amoratadas y ardiendo. Estas agresiones ocurren a menudo tras haber sido expulsadas de los centros de acogida, quedando obligadas a dormir en la calle sin ninguna protecci&#243;n; varias testimonian que el simple hecho de ser visiblemente queer las expone a una violencia redoblada en el espacio p&#250;blico, donde nadie se atreve a intervenir, y que no pueden, a diferencia de otras personas, refugiarse en ning&#250;n lugar sin volver a ser blanco de ataques.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La violencia m&#225;s intensa se produce al amanecer (entre las 2:00 y las 4:30 de la madrugada), cuando se irrumpe repentinamente y sin previo aviso en los lugares donde duermen las personas. Por la noche, en general, llegan patrullas en coche entre gritos e insultos constantes. Durante el d&#237;a la violencia es relativamente menos intensa, pero no desaparece (gritos, insultos, persecuciones); y la violencia se reanuda de inmediato en cuanto las v&#237;ctimas se alejan de los voluntarios o periodistas que las acompa&#241;an.Se despierta a las personas dormidas con golpes directos de porra, o primero con una linterna y luego con la porra; se les patea con botas de combate pesadas; los lugares donde duermen son rodeados por un gran n&#250;mero de agentes; se ordena a las v&#237;ctimas levantarse e irse de inmediato (&#034;Fuera&#034;), golpeando a quienes no obedecen; y se destruyen o da&#241;an sus pertenencias (colchones, cartones, equipaje).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Los testimonios describen un patr&#243;n casi uniforme y deliberado&lt;/strong&gt;: golpes en la cabeza con una intensidad relativamente menor en comparaci&#243;n con las piernas, que reciben golpes mucho m&#225;s fuertes, lo que sugiere un patr&#243;n calculado para causar da&#241;o f&#237;sico severo evitando lesiones mortales visibles de inmediato. A esto se suman golpes en el est&#243;mago, el vientre y la espalda (con marcas cut&#225;neas evidentes), golpes directos en el rostro (pu&#241;etazos y patadas, incluidas lesiones alrededor de los ojos), golpes deliberados en la zona p&#250;bica y los genitales, y fracturas o lesiones en las manos y las mu&#241;ecas hasta inutilizar su movimiento.&lt;strong&gt;En algunos casos se ha documentado a personas que no saben nadar y que fueron obligadas a entrar al agua bajo amenaza&lt;/strong&gt;; las patrullas persiguen a quienes intentan huir nadando e intentan ahogarlos, seg&#250;n la descripci&#243;n directa de un testigo; a la persona se la mantiene en el agua y luego se la saca para reanudar la golpiza mientras est&#225; completamente empapada; y se obliga a grupos enteros a entrar al agua para despu&#233;s pisotearlos mientras est&#225;n tendidos en ella.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Personas de la poblaci&#243;n local roc&#237;an gas lacrim&#243;geno directamente en los ojos como herramienta de tortura individual&lt;/strong&gt;, a veces tras atraer a la v&#237;ctima con el pretexto de &#034;ofrecerle ayuda&#034;, huyendo de inmediato despu&#233;s de rociarlo.Los tel&#233;fonos m&#243;viles y los auriculares de repuesto son confiscados de manera sistem&#225;tica, especialmente durante las redadas nocturnas, y el dinero en efectivo es sustra&#237;do directamente de los bolsillos bajo amenaza de golpes, distinguiendo algunos testigos entre este robo &#034;oficial&#034; y el robo de &#034;ladrones callejeros&#034; comunes como fuentes separadas.Los testimonios describen el diagn&#243;stico de lesiones graves como &#034;un simple espasmo muscular&#034;, sin un examen real; la negativa de cl&#237;nicas y hospitales a tratar heridas infectadas; y gestos que rechazan la atenci&#243;n sin ninguna justificaci&#243;n m&#233;dica clara.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Varios testigos se&#241;alan tambi&#233;n el uso de agentes capaces de comunicarse en darija durante las intervenciones, una pr&#225;ctica que, seg&#250;n las personas entrevistadas, incrementaba la intimidaci&#243;n y el miedo al permitirles dirigirse directamente a ellas en su propia lengua y emplear ese conocimiento como parte de las amenazas, agresiones y torturas sufridas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Las violencias documentadas a trav&#233;s de estos testimonios no pueden entenderse de forma aislada. Forman parte de un contexto m&#225;s amplio de control y criminalizaci&#243;n de las personas que intentaron cruzar la frontera y de quienes participaron en las movilizaciones posteriores.&lt;/strong&gt;Esta crisis se extendi&#243; hasta alcanzar a j&#243;venes marroqu&#237;es con cargos relacionados con el mismo intento de cruce.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En la regi&#243;n de Fnideq-Tetu&#225;n, las autoridades detuvieron, la noche del cruce masivo, a nueve personas, entre ellas cinco menores, en el contexto de los disturbios que vivi&#243; la ciudad de Fnideq, donde los adultos fueron ingresados en la prisi&#243;n local de Tetu&#225;n y los menores fueron trasladados al centro de protecci&#243;n de la infancia de Temara. La cifra aument&#243; r&#225;pidamente hasta alcanzar un total de 69 detenidos. Se juzg&#243; a 30 de ellos con penas que oscilaron entre un a&#241;o completo y dos meses de prisi&#243;n efectiva, y se juzg&#243; a otros 7 espec&#237;ficamente por el cargo de incitaci&#243;n, en medio de la denuncia de la secci&#243;n de la Asociaci&#243;n Marroqu&#237; de Derechos Humanos en Tetu&#225;n sobre la gravedad de la ausencia de la defensa durante estos juicios, lo cual considera una violaci&#243;n flagrante de las garant&#237;as de un juicio justo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En cuanto a los taxistas, en la fase de apelaci&#243;n fueron procesados con penas suspendidas y multas.En el contexto de los sucesos de Ceuta, fueron detenidas 69 personas, todas ellas procesadas en libertad. Los procedimientos judiciales se desarrollaron en ausencia de la defensa, lo que supone una grave vulneraci&#243;n de las garant&#237;as fundamentales de un juicio justo.En relaci&#243;n con las personas fallecidas, seg&#250;n una declaraci&#243;n de la Asociaci&#243;n Marroqu&#237; de Derechos Humanos (AMDH), el n&#250;mero de muertes durante la primera semana de los sucesos, son m&#225;s de 11 cuerpos fueron recuperados en el lado marroqu&#237; y posteriormente entregados a sus familias para su entierro.Varias familias contin&#250;an reclamando los cuerpos de sus hijos. Seg&#250;n declaraciones de las autoridades espa&#241;olas, Marruecos se neg&#243; a recibir algunos de los cuerpos, pese a que seis de ellos hab&#237;an sido identificados mediante huellas dactilares y pruebas de ADN.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Paralelamente, en la regi&#243;n de Nador-Beni Ansar se produjo una ola de procesos judiciales contra personas detenidas en el contexto de los mismos sucesos. Algunas fueron condenadas a penas de entre cuatro y seis meses de prisi&#243;n efectiva, adem&#225;s del pago de indemnizaciones colectivas que, en uno de los casos, ascendieron a 84.000 dirhams y fueron destinadas a la Direcci&#243;n General de Seguridad Nacional.Entre las personas detenidas tambi&#233;n hab&#237;a menores de edad. Algunos est&#225;n siendo procesados ante el tribunal en procedimientos de car&#225;cter penal, cuyas audiencias contin&#250;an aplaz&#225;ndose debido a la ausencia de la defensa, en el contexto de la huelga de abogados. En la sesi&#243;n del 10 de agosto de 2026, comparecieron 50 procesados repartidos en 13 expedientes, por cargos relacionados con insultos a funcionarios, uso de la violencia y da&#241;os a la propiedad.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Solo 11 detenidos fueron juzgados de forma presencial, mientras que el resto fue juzgado a distancia, entre ellos dos chicas detenidas. En sesiones posteriores ante el tribunal de primera instancia de Nador, el tribunal dict&#243; sentencias de prisi&#243;n efectiva y multas de 500 dirhams contra varios grupos. &lt;strong&gt;Las violaciones no se detuvieron en las detenciones y los juicios, pues incluyeron operaciones de devoluci&#243;n inmediata de cientos de j&#243;venes que lograron llegar a Melilla,&lt;/strong&gt; donde fueron devueltos a trav&#233;s de puertas semi clandestinas situadas en medio de la valla fronteriza en la zona de &#171;Barrio Chino&#187;, en circunstancias que suscitan interrogantes sobre el respeto de las garant&#237;as legales y de derechos humanos vinculadas a las operaciones de devoluci&#243;n. Posteriormente se llevaron a cabo operaciones de expulsi&#243;n de cientos de j&#243;venes, que fueron trasladados por la fuerza a zonas remotas y dispersas, justo antes de llegar a las ciudades (Guercif, Beni Mellal, Casablanca, Midelt...), y fueron abandonados all&#237; en pleno verano, en medio de las altas temperaturas y sin proporcionarles las condiciones necesarias de protecci&#243;n y asistencia&#8230;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Esta violencia no ha impedido que las personas migrantes hayan desarrollado formas de organizaci&#243;n y resistencia.&lt;/strong&gt; La resistencia empieza en el movimiento, en la decisi&#243;n de abandonar el lugar que les ha sido asignado, a pesar de las fronteras y de los dispositivos destinados a impedirlo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hemos presenciado formas de resistencia en las pr&#225;cticas cotidianas de supervivencia: compartir informaci&#243;n sobre las rutas; socorrer o cuidar a una persona herida; compartir alimentos o medicamentos; traducir; proteger las pertenencias de otras personas; organizar turnos para dormir, para as&#237;, mantenerse a salvo; transmitir experiencias y consejos a otras personas; memorizar un n&#250;mero de tel&#233;fono o una informaci&#243;n importante para que no se pierda si rompen sus tel&#233;fonos; o reconstruir las redes que han sido dispersadas por las redadas policiales y militares.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tambi&#233;n en la creaci&#243;n de alianzas con personas; en la conservaci&#243;n de pruebas y la denuncia de las violencias sufridas; en la organizaci&#243;n colectiva y la reclamaci&#243;n de derechos incluso cuando las instituciones bloquean o impiden su ejercicio; en el mantenimiento de redes de comunicaci&#243;n y apoyo a distancia; y en la construcci&#243;n de formas de solidaridad y organizaci&#243;n cotidiana que permiten sostener colectivamente la posibilidad de seguir resistiendo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Exigimos:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;La apertura de una investigaci&#243;n internacional independiente e imparcial sobre todas las violaciones de derechos humanos ocurridas en Ceuta y Melilla&lt;/strong&gt; por parte espa&#241;ola y marroqu&#237;, que incluya la toma de declaraciones directas a las v&#237;ctimas y la realizaci&#243;n de un examen m&#233;dico independiente de las lesiones.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;La revelaci&#243;n inmediata y transparente de la identidad y el n&#250;mero de v&#237;ctimas y desaparecidos&lt;/strong&gt;, y que se facilite dicha informaci&#243;n a sus familias, as&#237; como la entrega de los cuerpos de las personas identificadas a sus familiares para su entierro y para permitirles el duelo con dignidad.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;El cese inmediato de todas las formas de golpizas sistem&#225;ticas,&lt;/strong&gt; de la obligaci&#243;n a las personas de entrar al mar, y de la confiscaci&#243;n de pertenencias personales, que llevan a cabo las autoridades p&#250;blicas en Ceuta.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Una protecci&#243;n especial e inmediata para las personas del colectivo LGBTIQ+ y para los menores&lt;/strong&gt;, que incluya la asignaci&#243;n de centros de acogida espec&#237;ficos para ellos.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Garantizar un juicio justo y el derecho a la defensa para todos los j&#243;venes detenidos&lt;/strong&gt; en Tetu&#225;n y Nador, revisar las sentencias severas dictadas en ausencia de defensa, y liberar a los menores detenidos.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Exigir responsabilidades por cualquier acuerdo o tensi&#243;n diplom&#225;tica entre Rabat y Madrid que instrumentalice a los seres humanos como herramienta de presi&#243;n pol&#237;tica.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Que las instituciones europeas e internacionales (Naciones Unidas, Consejo de Europa, ACNUR, los Relatores Especiales de la ONU) ejerzan plenamente sus mandatos &lt;strong&gt;para exigir responsabilidades a Espa&#241;a, Marruecos y la Uni&#243;n Europea&lt;/strong&gt; de acuerdo con sus respectivas actuaciones, competencias y responsabilidades pol&#237;ticas.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Garantizar la continuidad del reparto de alimentos, agua y asistencia m&#233;dica y psicol&#243;gica a todas las personas que se encuentran en Ceuta.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Una protecci&#243;n efectiva para los activistas, voluntarias, periodistas y la poblaci&#243;n local solidaria frente a amenazas y agresiones, y la apertura de una investigaci&#243;n sobre la filtraci&#243;n que afect&#243; a sus datos personales.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;La apertura de una investigaci&#243;n independiente sobre el origen de las publicaciones de incitaci&#243;n&lt;/strong&gt; que precedieron a los sucesos del 30 de julio, y exigir responsabilidades a las plataformas digitales que permitieron su difusi&#243;n sin control.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;La apertura de las investigaciones judiciales necesarias contra todos los llamamientos y agresiones racistas&lt;/strong&gt; emitidos por varias partes, de forma directa o indirecta, incluso en las redes sociales, contra las personas migrantes en Ceuta.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; La publicaci&#243;n de un informe p&#250;blico peri&#243;dico con las cifras de fallecidos, heridos y detenidos, actualizado regularmente y verificable por partes independientes, en lugar de limitarse a datos dispersos y extraoficiales.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Garantizar una protecci&#243;n efectiva de las mujeres, especialmente las menores no acompa&#241;adas, y una investigaci&#243;n seria e independiente de todas las agresiones sexuales y violaciones cometidas en su contra&lt;/strong&gt;, exigir responsabilidades a los implicados y garantizar el derecho de las v&#237;ctimas a la justicia, la protecci&#243;n y la atenci&#243;n sanitaria, psicol&#243;gica y social, junto con mecanismos seguros para denunciar las violaciones.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class='cs_blocs'&gt;&lt;h4 class='blocs_titre blocs_replie blocs_click'&gt;&lt;a href='#_foo'&gt;Lista de cofirmantes:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;div class='blocs_destination blocs_invisible blocs_slide'&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Border Resistance&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
No Name Kitchen&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Brigadas de Apoyo Mutuo Ceuta&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Cadre Cagoule&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asoc Pro Derechos Humanos De Andalucia&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Association Marocaine des Droits Humains (AMDH) - Section Oriental&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Association Marocaine des Droits Humains (AMDH) - Section Belgique&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Le Comit&#233; Pr&#233;paratoire de la Section Pays-Bas de AMDH&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Migreurop&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
MEM.MED Memoria Mediterranea&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Carovane Migranti&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Sos Racismo Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Push-Back Alarm Austria&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
PODEMOS&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&#193;rea de Migraciones de Podemos&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
FASTI f&#233;d&#233;ration d associations de soutiens aux personnes migrantes en France&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La marche des solidarit&#233;s&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Anticapitalistas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Naci&#243;n Andaluza&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Uni&#243;n de Juventudes Comunistas de Espa&#241;a (UJCE)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Liza - Plataforma Anarquista&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Confederaci&#243;n General del Trabajo (CGT)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Sindicato AIT Tarragona&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
CAT-AIT Granada [formerly CNT-AIT, Granada]&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
CNT Granada&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La Laboratoria (nodo EuroSur)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Boicot, Desinversiones y Sanciones a Israel (BDS Madrid)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
CSP75 /CISPM Coordination 75 des Sans-Papiers, France.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
SOV Pedrera, CNT&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Confederacion Anarcosindicalista (CA-AIT) de Gij&#243;n&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Anti-Imperialist League&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
L'association des m&#232;re des migrants disparus, Tunisie&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Caravana Abriendo Fronteras Andaluc&#237;a&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Collectif sud-asiatique/brown antiraciste&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Observatorio &#201;tico International - OBETI&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asamblea 8M Lavapi&#233;s&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Comisi&#243;n 8M Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Grupo por el Socialismo&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Solidaria de Acogida&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Granadina por el Refugio y la Acogida (Redgra)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Plataforma Personas Refugiadas de C&#225;ceres&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Plataforma Bienvenid@s Refugiad@s de La Rioja&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Bienvenidas Refugiadas M&#225;laga&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Tejiendo Redes TS&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Afrof&#233;minas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red de Apoyo a Inmigrantes Dimbali&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Zambra M&#225;laga&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Ciudada de Acogida de Legan&#233;s&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociacion Gitanas Feministas por la Diversidad&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Ciudada de Acogida de Legan&#233;s&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Senda de cuidados&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Frente Migrante Antirracista&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Migrantes Transgresorxs&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Argentinxs en Movimimiento - Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Trans en Lucha&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Autodefensa Transfeminista Las Turas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Resistencia Migrante Disidente&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Sembrar&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Movimiento Marika de Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
(A)saltar Muros&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Mil Colinas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asoc Granafrik&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asoc Gylda&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Ongi Etorri Errefuxiatuak&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Cultural Brasile&#241;a Maloks&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Trawunche Madrid (Coordinaci&#243;n de Apoyo al Pueblo Mapuche)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La Otra Orilla&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
SinPoli&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Solidaria Contra la Ocupaci&#243;n en Palestina (RESCOP)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
BDS Murcia&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Left Hand Rotation&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
South Trans Voice&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Entrepuentea (Centro Social La Villana de Vallekas)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Cultural Espacio Bellas Vistas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asamblea Antimilitaristas de Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Fundaci&#243;n de los Comunes&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asamblea Plaza de los Pueblos&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Movimiento Palme&#241;o por Palestina&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asoc. Sociocultural Entre L&#237;neas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Maestras del Barrio&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Colectivo Agar espacio de investigaci&#243;n y encuentro desde la diversidad&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Global Sumud Flotilla Andaluc&#237;a&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Global Sumud Flotilla M&#225;laga&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Occupay for gaza&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Fuenlabrada con Palestina&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
BDS Cartagena&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Acampada por Palestina La Rioja&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Warawas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Rebeli&#243;n o Extinci&#243;n Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Synusia&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Foro Social La Rioja&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Cultural La Chivata Teatro&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Juventud por el clima - Fridays For Future&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
A.C. La Vor&#225;gine Cr&#237;tica&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Around 100 organisations denounce violence against people on the move in Ceuta</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3624.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3624.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-09-21T14:41:47Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Morocco</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Spain</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation of borders</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Death at borders</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Migreurop is a co-signatory of this press release, which condemns the human rights violations committed by the Spanish and Moroccan governments against people on the move in Ceuta. The documentation work carried out by the Border Resistance team, together with volunteers and activist collaborators, through the work of the Tetouan, Fnideq and Nador sections of the Moroccan Association for Human Rights (AMDH), sheds light on a pattern of systematic physical and psychological violence. The text (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique471.html" rel="directory"&gt;Collective actions&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot184.html" rel="tag"&gt;Morocco&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot19.html" rel="tag"&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation of borders&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot171.html" rel="tag"&gt;Death at borders&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/IMG/logo/b03339d_ftp-1-3olxyvtt3gko-2026-09-18t111331z-40158237-rc2jlnaz6g9e-rtrmadp-3-migration-europe-spain-ceuta-2.jpg?1789994441' class=&#034;spip_logo spip_logo_right&#034; alt=&#034;&#034; style='max-width: 150px;max-width: min(100%,150px); max-height: 150px' /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Migreurop is a co-signatory of this press release, which condemns the human rights violations committed by the Spanish and Moroccan governments against people on the move in Ceuta. The documentation work carried out by the &lt;a href=&#034;https://borderresistance.movements.mov/about&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Border Resistance&lt;/a&gt; team, together with volunteers and activist collaborators, through the work of the Tetouan, Fnideq and Nador sections of the Moroccan Association for Human Rights (&lt;a href=&#034;https://amdh.org.ma/fr/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;AMDH&lt;/a&gt;), sheds light on a pattern of systematic physical and psychological violence. The text highlights the racialised and gendered nature of this violence and shows that it takes place in a context of tensions along the Morocco-Spain border, which is rooted in a colonial situation and decades of externalisation policies&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We are issuing this statement to document and denounce &lt;strong&gt;a series of interrelated human rights violations which, taken together, reveal a systematic policy on the part of the Spanish and Moroccan states and the European Union that treats migrants as pawns in a political and economic conflict, as well as direct and systematic violence that inflicts harm on the bodies of groups particularly vulnerable to institutional and border-related violence: people made vulnerable by migration policies and institutional racism; migrants, asylum seekers and children; and members of the LGBTIQ+ community, who are among the groups most exposed to this violence.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;People on the move are not political pawns; they have their own motivations, needs, expectations and decisions that must be heard.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Human mobility does not arise from borders or from the policies that seek to regulate it. People are already on the move, making decisions and charting their own paths before they encounter the border controls that seek to restrict those movements. The border does not generate movement: it is constructed precisely to contain it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This crisis is unfolding against a backdrop of decades of policies aimed at externalising European borders&lt;/strong&gt;, through which Spain and the European Union have for years been funding, equipping and training security forces in Morocco, Mauritania, Senegal and Mali and Tunisia and Libya, by supplying hundreds of vehicles, drones and boats, with the aim of preventing migrants from reaching European territory. States seek to instrumentalise and control human mobility as a means of exerting geopolitical pressure, but migrants are not passive instruments.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What has happened in Ceuta cannot be understood in isolation from Spain's colonial history in North Africa and Western Sahara.&lt;/strong&gt; Ceuta and Melilla are border areas shaped by colonial relations, territorial disputes and racial hierarchies that determine who is allowed to move freely and who is subject to control, expulsion, or violence. This border has a history of several incidents in previous years that demonstrate this is not an isolated case; for example the deaths in 2005, the Tarajal incident in 2014, and the illegal returns of minors in 2021.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This model has repeatedly revealed its fundamental contradiction: in May 2021, more than 10,000 people entered Ceuta following Spain's reception of the Polisario Front leader, Brahim Ghali. Various reports published in relation to these events described a deliberate opening of the border by Morocco as a pressure tactic linked to the Western Sahara issue. That crisis led to the dismissal of the Spanish Minister for Foreign Affairs, Arancha Gonz&#225;lez Laya. On 24 June 2022, a bloody massacre took place at the Melilla border, claiming the lives of at least 27 people and leaving around 70 missing.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is also worth noting that the Canary Islands alone received 23,000 migrants in 2020, according to official figures, the majority of whom came from the coast of Western Sahara, during one of the periods of highest numbers of migrants arriving by sea on the islands. Added to this context is a growing economic and strategic conflict centred on &#8216;Monte Tropic', an underwater mountain situated some 499 kilometres from the island of El Hierro, which contains tonnes of tellurium, as well as cobalt, nickel and lithium &#8211; strategic minerals essential for the development of green technology and the energy transition. In 2009, Morocco submitted a request to extend its continental shelf to include this seamount, and Spain responded in 2014 with a similar request based on the natural extension of the Canary Islands. Subsequently, in 2020, Morocco extended its territorial waters through two parliamentary laws, which Madrid interpreted as an encroachment on its sovereignty. The issue returned to the forefront with renewed intensity in November&#8211;December 2025, following Security Council Resolution 2797 on Western Sahara, which strengthened Morocco's negotiating position at the international level and reignited Spanish fears of losing control of these resources.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Against this backdrop of tension, Spain took a series of decisions prior to July 2026: an extraordinary, collective regularisation of thousands of migrants in an irregular administrative situation &#8211; a measure that the migrant and anti-racist movement had been calling for for years &#8211; and a visit by the Prime Minister Pedro S&#225;nchez to Algeria. The Prime Minister's visit normalised bilateral relations after years of tension with Algeria, following Spain's change of stance in 2023 to support Morocco's autonomy plan for Western Sahara; And the ratification by the Spanish Parliament of a law aiming to grant Spanish nationality to Sahrawi people born under Spanish administration, with the number of potential beneficiaries estimated at between 80,000 and 200,000. It is also worth noting that Chinese investment in Spain rose from 249 million euros in 2024 to around 643 million euros in 2025, a figure cited as an additional factor in the major powers' calculations regarding the region, alongside the fact that Algeria is Spain's main supplier of gas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In this same context, coinciding with the Throne Day celebrations in the Kingdom of Morocco,&lt;strong&gt; an extraordinary influx of between 50,000 and 70,000 people&lt;/strong&gt; took place on 30 and 31 July 2026. The majority were Moroccans, alongside a minority from Sudan, Yemen, the Republic of the Comoros, Togo, Niger, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Egypt, the Central African Republic, Somalia, Palestine, Chad, Burkina Faso, Guinea, C&#244;te d'Ivoire, Mali, Eritrea, South Sudan, Syria and Benin&#8230; towards Ceuta&lt;strong&gt;, resulting in more than 120 deaths, the majority of which were young Moroccans and minors. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The incident was preceded by posts on Facebook and other platforms &#8211; the origin of which remains officially unknown &#8211; that specifically incited Moroccans, and not people of other nationalities, to head for Ceuta, falsely claiming that the border was open.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Unlike the leniency observed in the case of Ceuta, &lt;strong&gt;a violent intervention by the Moroccan authorities was recorded in the border area of Beni Ansar-Melilla&lt;/strong&gt;, which reveals two different patterns of handling within the framework of negotiations with the European Union and Spain: the Melilla model and the Ceuta model.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We are not facing a &#8220;migration crisis&#8221;: &lt;strong&gt;the people who migrate are not the crisis&lt;/strong&gt;; the crisis is political, and stems from a border regime that decides which lives matter, who can travel safely, and who must risk their lives to do so. &lt;strong&gt;We therefore denounce the Islamophobia and anti-Black racism that underpin this border regime. &lt;/strong&gt; The racial and colonial construction of the &#8216;Moorish Muslim' as a threat, and the criminalisation of Black Africans, fuel discourse of &#8216;invasion' and &#8216;danger' to pave the way for the violation of all rights, persecution, and control.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This statement is based on dozens of testimonies of first-hand accounts from migrant victims, including asylum seekers, minors and members of the LGBTIQ+ community. Taken together, these accounts document &lt;strong&gt;a pattern of deliberate and systematic physical and psychological violence&lt;/strong&gt;, which we set out below.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The testimonies gathered from queer people reveal physical violence of particular intensity, exacerbated by hostility towards their gender identity. Several describe being punched, struck with batons across the face until their eyes were swollen, struck from behind with blunt objects, kicked in the chest and struck on the hands until they were bruised and stinging. These attacks often occur after they have been evicted from shelters, leaving them forced to sleep on the streets without any protection. Several testify that the mere fact of being visibly queer exposes them to heightened violence in public spaces, where no one dares to intervene, and that, unlike other people, they cannot seek refuge anywhere without once again becoming the target of attacks.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The most intense violence occurs at dawn (between 2.00 and 4.30 am), when it breaks out suddenly and without warning in the places where people are sleeping. At night, patrol cars generally arrive amid constant shouting and insults. During the day, the violence is relatively less intense, but it does not stop (shouting, insults, chasing); and the violence resumes immediately as soon as the victims move away from the volunteers or journalists accompanying them. People are woken from their sleep with direct blows from batons, or first with a torch and then with a baton; they are kicked with heavy combat boots; the places where they sleep are surrounded by large numbers of officers; the victims are ordered to get up and leave immediately (&#8220;Get out&#8221;), with those who do not obey being beaten; and their belongings (mattresses, cardboard boxes, luggage) are destroyed or damaged.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The testimonies describe an almost uniform and deliberate pattern&lt;/strong&gt;: blows to the head of relatively lesser intensity compared with the legs, which receive much harder blows, suggesting a pattern calculated to cause severe physical harm whilst avoiding immediately visible or fatal injuries. Added to this are blows to the stomach, abdomen and back (leaving visible marks on the skin), direct blows to the face (punches and kicks, including injuries around the eyes), and deliberate blows to the pubic area and genitals, and fractures or injuries to the hands and wrists that render them immobile.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In some cases, there are documented instances of &lt;strong&gt;people who cannot swim being forced into the water under threat&lt;/strong&gt;; patrols chase those who try to escape by swimming and attempt to drown them, according to a witness's first-hand account; the person is held in the water and then pulled out so that the beating can resume whilst they are completely soaked; and entire groups are forced into the water only to be trampled on whilst wet.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Local residents spray tear gas directly into people's eyes as a means of individual torture&lt;/strong&gt;, sometimes after luring the victim under the pretext of &#8216;offering help', and fleeing immediately afterwards. Mobile phones and spare headphones are systematically confiscated, particularly during night-time raids, and cash is stolen directly from pockets under threat of beatings, with some witnesses distinguishing between this &#8216;official' theft and theft by common &#8216;street thieves' as separate occurrences. Testimonies describe the diagnosis of serious injuries as &#8220;a simple muscle spasm&#8221;, without any actual examination; the refusal of clinics and hospitals to treat infected wounds; and gestures rejecting treatment without any clear medical justification.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Several witnesses also point to the use of officers capable of communicating in Darija during the operations, a practice which, according to those interviewed, heightened the intimidation and fear by allowing the officers to address them directly in their own language and to use that knowledge as part of the threats, assaults and torture they suffered.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The acts of violence documented through these testimonies cannot be understood in isolation. They form part of a broader context of control and criminalisation of those who attempted to cross the border and of those who took part in the subsequent protests.&lt;/strong&gt; This crisis extended to include young Moroccans facing charges relating to the same attempt to cross the border.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the Fnideq-Tetouan region, on the night of the mass crossing, the authorities arrested nine people, including five minors, in the context of the unrest in the town of Fnideq. The adults were held at the local prison in Tetouan and the minors were transferred to the child protection centre in Temara. The number rose rapidly to a total of 69 detainees. Thirty of them were sentenced to terms ranging from one full year to two months' imprisonment, whilst a further seven were tried specifically on charges of incitement, amidst complaints from the Tetouan branch of the Moroccan Association for Human Rights regarding the seriousness of the absence of a defence during these trials, which it considers a flagrant violation of the guarantees of a fair trial.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As for the taxi drivers, they were sentenced to suspended sentences and fines at the appeal stage. In the context of the events in Ceuta, 69 people were arrested, all of whom were tried whilst on bail. The legal proceedings took place in the absence of defence lawyers, which constitutes a serious breach of the fundamental guarantees of a fair trial.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With regard to those who died, according to a statement by the Moroccan Association for Human Rights (AMDH), during the first week of the events, more than 11 bodies were recovered on the Moroccan side and subsequently handed over to their families for burial. Several families continue to demand the return of their children's bodies. According to statements by the Spanish authorities, Morocco refused to accept some of the bodies, despite the fact that six of them had been identified through fingerprints and DNA tests.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At the same time, in the Nador-Beni Ansar region, there was a wave of legal proceedings against individuals detained in connection with the same events. Some were sentenced to between four and six months' imprisonment, in addition to paying collective compensation which, in one case, amounted to 84,000 dirhams and wastransferred to the Directorate-General for National Security.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Among those arrested were also minors. Some are currently facing criminal proceedings in court, with hearings continuing to be adjourned due to the absence of defence counsel, against the backdrop of the lawyers' strike. At the hearing on 10 August 2026, 50 defendants appeared, spread across 13 cases, on charges relating to insulting public officials, the use of violence and damage to property.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Only 11 detainees were tried in person, whilst the rest were tried remotely, including two detained girls. In subsequent hearings before the Nador Court of First Instance, the court handed down custodial sentences and fines of 500 dirhams against several groups.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The violations did not stop at the arrests and trials, as they also involved the immediate return of hundreds of young people who had managed to reach Melilla. &lt;/strong&gt; They were sent back through semi-clandestine gates located in the middle of the border fence in the &#8216;Barrio Chino' area, under circumstances that raise questions about respect for legal safeguards and human rights in connection with return operations. Subsequently, hundreds of young people were expelled; they were forcibly transferred to remote and scattered areas just before reaching the cities (Guercif, Beni Mellal, Casablanca, Midelt&#8230;), and were abandoned there in the height of summer, in the midst of high temperatures and without being provided with the necessary conditions of protection and assistance&#8230;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This violence has not prevented migrants from developing forms of organisation and resistance.&lt;/strong&gt; Resistance begins with movement, with the decision to leave the place to which they have been assigned, despite the borders and the measures designed to prevent it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We have witnessed forms of resistance in everyday survival practices: sharing information about routes; coming to the aid of or caring for an injured person; sharing food or medicine; translating; protecting other people's belongings; organising sleeping shifts to stay safe; passing on experiences and advice to others; memorising a telephone number or important information so that it is not lost if their phones are broken; or rebuilding networks that have been scattered by police and military raids.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We have witnessed alliance building with others; preservation of evidence and reporting the violence suffered; collective organisation and the assertion of rights, even when institutions block or prevent their exercise; the creation and maintenance of networks of communication and remote support; and building forms of solidarity and everyday organisation that enable us to collectively sustain the possibility of continuing to resist.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We demand:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Opening an independent and impartial international investigation into all human rights violations that occurred in Ceuta and Melilla&lt;/strong&gt; on both the Spanish and Moroccan sides, including taking direct testimonies from victims and conducting an independent medical examination of the injuries.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;The immediate and transparent disclosure of the identity and number of victims and missing persons&lt;/strong&gt;, and that this information be provided to their families, as well as the handover of the bodies of those identified to their relatives for burial and to allow them to grieve with dignity.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;An immediate end to all forms of systematic beatings,&lt;/strong&gt; to the forcing of people into the sea, and to the confiscation of personal belongings, carried out by the public authorities in Ceuta.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Special and immediate protection for members of the LGBTIQ+ community and for minors&lt;/strong&gt;, including the provision of dedicated centres for them.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;To guarantee a fair trial and the right to a defence for all young people detained&lt;/strong&gt; in Tetouan and Nador, to review the harsh sentences handed down in the absence of a defence, and to release any minors in detention.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;To hold those responsible to account for any diplomatic agreement or tension between Rabat and Madrid that exploits human beings as a tool for political pressure.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; That European and international institutions (the United Nations, the Council of Europe, UNHCR, the UN Special Rapporteurs) fully exercise their mandates &lt;strong&gt;to hold Spain, Morocco and the European Union to account&lt;/strong&gt; in accordance with their respective actions, competences and political responsibilities.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; To guarantee the continued distribution of food, water, and medical and psychological assistance to all those in Ceuta.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Effective protection for activists, volunteers, journalists and the local population showing solidarity against threats and attacks, and the opening of an investigation into the data breach affecting their personal data.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;The launch of an independent investigation into the origin of the inciting posts&lt;/strong&gt; that preceded the events of 30 July, and holding the digital platforms that allowed their unchecked dissemination to account.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Opening the necessary judicial investigations against all racist calls and attacks&lt;/strong&gt; issued by several parties, directly or indirectly, including on social media, against migrants in Ceuta.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; The publication of a regular public report setting out the figures for the dead, injured and detained, updated regularly and verifiable by independent bodies, rather than relying solely on scattered and unofficial data.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Guarantee of effective protection for women, especially unaccompanied minors, and a serious and independent investigation into all sexual assaults and violations committed against them&lt;/strong&gt;, holding those involved accountable and ensuring victims' right to justice, protection, and health, psychological, and social care, along with safe mechanisms for reporting violations.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class='cs_blocs'&gt;&lt;h4 class='blocs_titre blocs_replie blocs_click'&gt;&lt;a href='#_foo'&gt;List of co-signatories:&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;div class='blocs_destination blocs_invisible blocs_slide'&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Border Resistance&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
No Name Kitchen&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Brigadas de Apoyo Mutuo Ceuta&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Cadre Cagoule&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asoc Pro Derechos Humanos De Andalucia&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Association Marocaine des Droits Humains (AMDH) - Section Oriental&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Association Marocaine des Droits Humains (AMDH) - Section Belgique&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Le Comit&#233; Pr&#233;paratoire de la Section Pays-Bas de AMDH&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Migreurop&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
MEM.MED Memoria Mediterranea&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Carovane Migranti&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Sos Racismo Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Push-Back Alarm Austria&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
PODEMOS&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&#193;rea de Migraciones de Podemos&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
FASTI f&#233;d&#233;ration d associations de soutiens aux personnes migrantes en France&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La marche des solidarit&#233;s&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Anticapitalistas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Naci&#243;n Andaluza&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Uni&#243;n de Juventudes Comunistas de Espa&#241;a (UJCE)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Liza - Plataforma Anarquista&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Confederaci&#243;n General del Trabajo (CGT)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Sindicato AIT Tarragona&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
CAT-AIT Granada [formerly CNT-AIT, Granada]&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
CNT Granada&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La Laboratoria (nodo EuroSur)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Boicot, Desinversiones y Sanciones a Israel (BDS Madrid)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
CSP75 /CISPM Coordination 75 des Sans-Papiers, France.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
SOV Pedrera, CNT&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Confederacion Anarcosindicalista (CA-AIT) de Gij&#243;n&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Anti-Imperialist League&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
L'association des m&#232;re des migrants disparus, Tunisie&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Caravana Abriendo Fronteras Andaluc&#237;a&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Collectif sud-asiatique/brown antiraciste&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Observatorio &#201;tico International - OBETI&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asamblea 8M Lavapi&#233;s&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Comisi&#243;n 8M Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Grupo por el Socialismo&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Solidaria de Acogida&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Granadina por el Refugio y la Acogida (Redgra)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Plataforma Personas Refugiadas de C&#225;ceres&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Plataforma Bienvenid@s Refugiad@s de La Rioja&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Bienvenidas Refugiadas M&#225;laga&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Tejiendo Redes TS&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Afrof&#233;minas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red de Apoyo a Inmigrantes Dimbali&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Zambra M&#225;laga&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Ciudada de Acogida de Legan&#233;s&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociacion Gitanas Feministas por la Diversidad&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Ciudada de Acogida de Legan&#233;s&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Senda de cuidados&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Frente Migrante Antirracista&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Migrantes Transgresorxs&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Argentinxs en Movimimiento - Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Trans en Lucha&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Autodefensa Transfeminista Las Turas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Resistencia Migrante Disidente&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Sembrar&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Movimiento Marika de Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
(A)saltar Muros&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Mil Colinas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asoc Granafrik&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asoc Gylda&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Ongi Etorri Errefuxiatuak&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Cultural Brasile&#241;a Maloks&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Trawunche Madrid (Coordinaci&#243;n de Apoyo al Pueblo Mapuche)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La Otra Orilla&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
SinPoli&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Solidaria Contra la Ocupaci&#243;n en Palestina (RESCOP)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
BDS Murcia&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Left Hand Rotation&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
South Trans Voice&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Entrepuentea (Centro Social La Villana de Vallekas)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Cultural Espacio Bellas Vistas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asamblea Antimilitaristas de Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Fundaci&#243;n de los Comunes&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asamblea Plaza de los Pueblos&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Movimiento Palme&#241;o por Palestina&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asoc. Sociocultural Entre L&#237;neas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Maestras del Barrio&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Colectivo Agar espacio de investigaci&#243;n y encuentro desde la diversidad&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Global Sumud Flotilla Andaluc&#237;a&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Global Sumud Flotilla M&#225;laga&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Occupay for gaza&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Fuenlabrada con Palestina&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
BDS Cartagena&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Acampada por Palestina La Rioja&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Warawas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Rebeli&#243;n o Extinci&#243;n Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Synusia&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Foro Social La Rioja&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Cultural La Chivata Teatro&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Juventud por el clima - Fridays For Future&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
A.C. La Vor&#225;gine Cr&#237;tica&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Une centaine d'organisations d&#233;noncent les violences contre les personnes migrantes &#224; Ceuta</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3623.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3623.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-09-21T14:41:28Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Maroc</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Espagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation des fronti&#232;res</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Mort&#183;e&#183;s aux fronti&#232;res</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Migreurop est co-signataire de ce communiqu&#233; qui d&#233;nonce les violations de droits exerc&#233;es par les &#201;tats espagnol et marocain contre les personnes exil&#233;es &#224; Ceuta. Le travail de documentation r&#233;alis&#233; par l'&#233;quipe de Border Resistance et des activistes gr&#226;ce au travail des sections de T&#233;touan, Fnideq et Nador de l'Association Marocaine des Droits Humains (AMDH) met en lumi&#232;re un sch&#233;ma de violence physique et psychologique syst&#233;matique. Le texte souligne la dimension raciste et genr&#233;e de ces (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot184.html" rel="tag"&gt;Maroc&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot19.html" rel="tag"&gt;Espagne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation des fronti&#232;res&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot171.html" rel="tag"&gt;Mort&#183;e&#183;s aux fronti&#232;res&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/IMG/logo/b03339d_ftp-1-3olxyvtt3gko-2026-09-18t111331z-40158237-rc2jlnaz6g9e-rtrmadp-3-migration-europe-spain-ceuta.jpg?1789990043' class=&#034;spip_logo spip_logo_right&#034; alt=&#034;&#034; style='max-width: 150px;max-width: min(100%,150px); max-height: 150px' /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Migreurop est co-signataire de ce communiqu&#233; qui d&#233;nonce les violations de droits exerc&#233;es par les &#201;tats espagnol et marocain contre les personnes exil&#233;es &#224; Ceuta. Le travail de documentation r&#233;alis&#233; par l'&#233;quipe de &lt;a href=&#034;https://borderresistance.movements.mov/about&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Border Resistance&lt;/a&gt; et des activistes gr&#226;ce au travail des sections de T&#233;touan, Fnideq et Nador de l'Association Marocaine des Droits Humains (&lt;a href=&#034;https://amdh.org.ma/fr/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;AMDH&lt;/a&gt;) met en lumi&#232;re un sch&#233;ma de violence physique et psychologique syst&#233;matique. Le texte souligne la dimension raciste et genr&#233;e de ces violences et montre qu'elles s'inscrivent dans un contexte de tensions frontali&#232;res entre le Maroc et l'Espagne qui est le fruit d'une situation coloniale et de d&#233;cennies de politiques d'externalisation. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nous publions ce communiqu&#233; pour documenter et d&#233;noncer &lt;strong&gt;une s&#233;rie de violations des droits humains interconnect&#233;es qui r&#233;v&#232;lent, dans leur ensemble, une politique syst&#233;matique men&#233;e par les &#201;tats espagnol et marocain et par l'Union europ&#233;enne.&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Celle-ci transforme les personnes migrantes en monnaie d'&#233;change dans un conflit politique et &#233;conomique, tout en exer&#231;ant une violence directe et syst&#233;matique sur les corps des personnes particuli&#232;rement expos&#233;es &#224; la violence institutionnelle et frontali&#232;re&lt;/strong&gt; : les personnes rendues vuln&#233;rables par les politiques migratoires et le racisme institutionnel, les personnes migrantes, les demandeurs et demandeuses d'asile, les mineurs, ainsi que les personnes du collectif LGBTIQ+, parmi les groupes les plus expos&#233;s &#224; cette violence. Les personnes qui se d&#233;placent ne sont pas des instruments politiques des &#201;tats : elles ont leurs propres motifs, besoins, attentes et d&#233;cisions, qui doivent &#234;tre &#233;cout&#233;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La mobilit&#233; humaine ne na&#238;t pas des fronti&#232;res ni des politiques qui cherchent &#224; la r&#233;guler.&lt;/strong&gt; Les personnes se d&#233;placent d&#233;j&#224;, prennent des d&#233;cisions et construisent leurs propres trajectoires avant de rencontrer les dispositifs frontaliers qui tentent de limiter ces mouvements. La fronti&#232;re ne produit pas le mouvement : elle est construite pr&#233;cis&#233;ment pour le contenir.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cette crise se d&#233;roule dans un contexte de plusieurs d&#233;cennies de politiques d'externalisation des fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes&lt;/strong&gt;, &#224; travers lesquelles l'Espagne et l'Union europ&#233;enne financent, &#233;quipent et forment depuis des ann&#233;es des forces de s&#233;curit&#233; au Maroc, en Mauritanie, au S&#233;n&#233;gal et au Maliet la Tunisie et la Libye, notamment par la remise de centaines de v&#233;hicules, de drones et d'embarcations, dans le but d'emp&#234;cher l'arriv&#233;e de personnes migrantes sur le territoire europ&#233;en. Les &#201;tats tentent d'instrumentaliser et de gouverner la mobilit&#233; humaine comme m&#233;canisme de pression g&#233;opolitique, mais les personnes migrantes ne sont pas des instruments passifs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ce qui s'est produit ne peut pas non plus &#234;tre compris en dehors de l'histoire coloniale de l'Espagne en Afrique du Nord et au Sahara occidental.&lt;/strong&gt; Ceuta et Melilla sont des fronti&#232;res travers&#233;es par des relations coloniales, des disputes territoriales et des hi&#233;rarchies raciales qui organisent qui peut circuler et qui est soumis au contr&#244;le, &#224; l'expulsion ou &#224; la violence. Cette fronti&#232;re porte dans sa m&#233;moire plusieurs &#233;v&#233;nements survenus les ann&#233;es pr&#233;c&#233;dentes qui d&#233;montrent qu'il ne s'agit pas d'un cas isol&#233;, par exemple les morts de 2005, de Tarajal en 2014, et les renvois ill&#233;gaux de mineurs en 2021.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce mod&#232;le a montr&#233; &#224; plusieurs reprises sa contradiction fondamentale : en mai 2021, plus de 10 000 personnes sont entr&#233;es &#224; Ceuta apr&#232;s l'accueil par l'Espagne du dirigeant du Front Polisario, Brahim Ghali. Selon divers rapports publi&#233;s en lien avec ces faits, une ouverture d&#233;lib&#233;r&#233;e de la fronti&#232;re par le Maroc a &#233;t&#233; d&#233;crite comme une strat&#233;gie de pression li&#233;e au dossier du Sahara occidental. Cette crise a provoqu&#233; la destitution de la ministre espagnole des Affaires &#233;trang&#232;res, Arancha Gonz&#225;lez Laya. Le 24 juin 2022, &#224; la fronti&#232;re de Melilla, s'est produit un massacre sanglant qui a co&#251;t&#233; la vie &#224; au moins 27 personnes et a laiss&#233; pr&#232;s de 70 personnes disparues.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Il convient &#233;galement de signaler que les &#238;les Canaries ont accueilli &#224; elles seules 23 000 personnes migrantes en 2020, selon des chiffres officiels, la plupart en provenance des c&#244;tes du Sahara occidental, lors de l'une des p&#233;riodes de plus fortes arriv&#233;es de personnes migrantes par voie maritime vers les &#238;les. &#192; ce contexte s'ajoute un conflit &#233;conomique et strat&#233;gique croissant autour du &#171; Mont Tropic &#187;, un mont sous-marin situ&#233; &#224; environ 499 kilom&#232;tres de l'&#238;le d'El Hierro, qui rec&#232;le des tonnes de tellure, ainsi que du cobalt, du nickel et du lithium, des min&#233;raux strat&#233;giques essentiels au d&#233;veloppement des technologies vertes et &#224; la transition &#233;nerg&#233;tique. En 2009, le Maroc a pr&#233;sent&#233; une demande d'extension de son plateau continental afin d'y inclure ce mont, et l'Espagne a r&#233;pondu en 2014 par une demande similaire fond&#233;e sur le prolongement naturel des &#238;les Canaries. Par la suite, en 2020, le Maroc a &#233;tendu ses eaux territoriales au moyen de deux lois parlementaires que Madrid a interpr&#233;t&#233;es comme une ing&#233;rence dans sa souverainet&#233;. Le dossier est revenu avec force sur le devant de la sc&#232;ne en novembre-d&#233;cembre 2025, apr&#232;s la r&#233;solution 2797 du Conseil de s&#233;curit&#233; relative au Sahara occidental, qui a renforc&#233; la position de n&#233;gociation marocaine au niveau international et raviv&#233; les craintes espagnoles de perdre le contr&#244;le de ces ressources.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans ce climat de tension, l'Espagne a adopt&#233; une s&#233;rie de d&#233;cisions ant&#233;rieures &#224; juillet 2026 : une r&#233;gularisation extraordinaire et collective de la situation de milliers de personnes migrantes en situation administrative irr&#233;guli&#232;re, r&#233;clam&#233;e depuis des ann&#233;es par le mouvement migrant et antiraciste ; la visite du pr&#233;sident du gouvernement, Pedro S&#225;nchez, en Alg&#233;rie, qui a normalis&#233; les relations bilat&#233;rales apr&#232;s des ann&#233;es de tension, apr&#232;s que l'Espagne eut chang&#233; de position en 2023 pour soutenir le plan d'autonomie marocain au Sahara occidental, et la ratification par le Parlement espagnol d'une loi visant &#224; accorder la nationalit&#233; espagnole aux personnes sahraouies n&#233;es sous l'administration espagnole, dont le nombre de b&#233;n&#233;ficiaires potentiels est estim&#233; entre 80 000 et 200 000 personnes. Il convient &#233;galement de signaler que les investissements chinois en Espagne sont pass&#233;s de 249 millions d'euros en 2024 &#224; pr&#232;s de 643 millions d'euros en 2025, une donn&#233;e mentionn&#233;e comme facteur suppl&#233;mentaire dans les calculs des grandes puissances autour de la r&#233;gion, qui s'ajoute au fait que l'Alg&#233;rie est le principal fournisseur de gaz de l'Espagne.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans ce m&#234;me contexte, co&#239;ncidant avec la F&#234;te du Tr&#244;ne du Royaume du Maroc, s'est produit, les 30 et 31 juillet 2026&lt;strong&gt;, un &#233;pisode extraordinaire d'arriv&#233;e de 50 000 &#224; 70 000 personnes, majoritairement marocaines, &lt;/strong&gt; ainsi qu'une minorit&#233; provenant de pays tels que le Soudan, le Y&#233;men, la R&#233;publique des Comores, le Togo, le Niger, le Cameroun, l'&#201;thiopie, l'&#201;gypte, la R&#233;publique centrafricaine, la Somalie, la Palestine, le Tchad, le Burkina Faso, la Guin&#233;e, la C&#244;te d'Ivoire, le Mali, l'&#201;rythr&#233;e, le Soudan du Sud, la Syrie, le B&#233;nin, etc., vers Ceuta. &lt;strong&gt;Cette arriv&#233;e a fait plus de 120 morts, pour la plupart de jeunes Marocains et de mineurs marocains.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;L'incident a &#233;t&#233; pr&#233;c&#233;d&#233; de publications sur Facebook et d'autres plateformes, dont l'origine reste officiellement inconnue, qui ont incit&#233; sp&#233;cifiquement les Marocains, et non les personnes d'autres nationalit&#233;s, &#224; se diriger vers Ceuta, en affirmant faussement que la fronti&#232;re &#233;tait ouverte.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Contrairement &#224; la tol&#233;rance observ&#233;e dans le cas de Ceuta, &lt;strong&gt;une intervention violente des autorit&#233;s marocaines a &#233;t&#233; enregistr&#233;e dans la zone frontali&#232;re de Beni Ansar-Melilla&lt;/strong&gt;, ce qui r&#233;v&#232;le deux mod&#232;les diff&#233;rents de gestion dans le cadre des n&#233;gociations avec l'Union europ&#233;enne et l'Espagne : le mod&#232;le de Melilla et le mod&#232;le de Ceuta.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nous ne sommes donc pas face &#224; une &#171; crise migratoire &#187; : &lt;strong&gt;les personnes qui migrent ne sont pas la crise.&lt;/strong&gt; La crise est politique et d&#233;coule d'un r&#233;gime de fronti&#232;res qui d&#233;termine quelles vies comptent, qui peut se d&#233;placer en s&#233;curit&#233; et qui doit risquer sa vie pour le faire. &lt;strong&gt;Nous d&#233;non&#231;ons donc aussi l'islamophobie et le racisme anti-Noir&#183;es qui traversent ce r&#233;gime de fronti&#232;res. &lt;/strong&gt; La construction raciale et coloniale du &#171; Maure-musulman &#187; comme menace, ainsi que la criminalisation des personnes noires africaines, alimentent des discours d'&#171; invasion &#187; et de &#171; dangerosit&#233; &#187; qui pr&#233;parent le terrain &#224; la violation de tout droit, &#224; la pers&#233;cution et au contr&#244;le.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce communiqu&#233; s'appuie sur des dizaines de t&#233;moignages directs de victimes migrantes, parmi lesquelles des demandeurs et demandeuses d'asile, des mineurs et des personnes du collectif LGBTIQ+. Dans leur ensemble, ces t&#233;moignages documentent &lt;strong&gt;un sch&#233;ma de violence physique et psychologique syst&#233;matique &lt;/strong&gt; et d&#233;lib&#233;r&#233;e que nous exposons ci-apr&#232;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les t&#233;moignages recueillis aupr&#232;s de personnes queer r&#233;v&#232;lent une violence physique d'une intensit&#233; particuli&#232;re, aggrav&#233;e par le rejet de leur identit&#233; de genre. Plusieurs d&#233;crivent avoir re&#231;u des coups de poing et des coups de matraque au visage, jusqu'au gonflement de l'&#339;il, puis des coups port&#233;s avec des objets contondants, des coups de pied dans la poitrine et des coups sur les mains, jusqu'&#224; les laisser meurtries et br&#251;lantes. Ces agressions surviennent souvent apr&#232;s leur expulsion des centres d'accueil, les obligeant &#224; dormir dans la rue sans aucune protection. Plusieurs t&#233;moignent que le simple fait d'&#234;tre visiblement queer les expose &#224; une violence redoubl&#233;e dans l'espace public, o&#249; personne n'ose intervenir, et qu'elles ne peuvent, contrairement &#224; d'autres personnes, se r&#233;fugier nulle part sans redevenir la cible d'attaques.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La violence la plus intense se produit &#224; l'aube, entre 2 h et 4 h 30 du matin, lorsque les forces de l'ordre font irruption soudainement et sans avertissement dans les lieux o&#249; dorment les personnes. La nuit, en g&#233;n&#233;ral, des patrouilles arrivent en voiture, au milieu de cris et d'insultes constantes. Pendant la journ&#233;e, la violence est relativement moins intense, mais elle ne dispara&#238;t pas : cris, insultes et poursuites se poursuivent, et la violence reprend imm&#233;diatement d&#232;s que les victimes s'&#233;loignent des volontaires ou des journalistes qui les accompagnent. Les personnes endormies sont r&#233;veill&#233;es par des coups de matraque directs, ou d'abord par une lampe torche, puis par la matraque. On leur donne des coups de pied avec de lourdes bottes de combat ; les lieux o&#249; elles dorment sont encercl&#233;s par un grand nombre d'agents ; il est ordonn&#233; aux victimes de se lever et de partir imm&#233;diatement (&#171; Dehors &#187;), celles qui n'ob&#233;issent pas &#233;tant frapp&#233;es ; et leurs affaires sont d&#233;truites ou endommag&#233;es (matelas, cartons, bagages).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Les t&#233;moignages d&#233;crivent un sch&#233;ma presque uniforme et d&#233;lib&#233;r&#233; &lt;/strong&gt; : des coups &#224; la t&#234;te d'une intensit&#233; relativement moindre par rapport &#224; ceux port&#233;s aux jambes, qui re&#231;oivent des coups beaucoup plus violents, ce qui sugg&#232;re, selon les t&#233;moignages, un sch&#233;ma calcul&#233; pour causer des dommages physiques graves tout en &#233;vitant des blessures mortelles imm&#233;diatement visibles. &#192; cela s'ajoutent des coups &#224; l'estomac, au ventre et au dos, laissant des marques cutan&#233;es &#233;videntes ; des coups directs au visage (coups de poing et coups de pied, y compris des blessures autour des yeux) ; des coups d&#233;lib&#233;r&#233;s dans la zone pubienne et sur les organes g&#233;nitaux ; ainsi que des fractures ou des blessures aux mains et aux poignets allant jusqu'&#224; en immobiliser le mouvement.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans certains cas, &lt;strong&gt;des personnes ne sachant pas nager auraient &#233;t&#233; forc&#233;es d'entrer dans l'eau sous la menace.&lt;/strong&gt; Les patrouilles auraient poursuivi celles qui tentaient de fuir &#224; la nage et auraient tent&#233; de les noyer, selon le t&#233;moignage direct d'une personne. Celle-ci aurait &#233;t&#233; maintenue dans l'eau, puis retir&#233;e afin que les coups reprennent alors qu'elle &#233;tait enti&#232;rement tremp&#233;e. Des groupes entiers auraient &#233;galement &#233;t&#233; oblig&#233;s d'entrer dans l'eau avant d'&#234;tre pi&#233;tin&#233;s alors qu'ils y &#233;taient allong&#233;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Des membres de la population locale aspergent de gaz lacrymog&#232;ne directement les yeux comme outil de torture individuelle,&lt;/strong&gt; parfois apr&#232;s avoir attir&#233; la victime sous pr&#233;texte de &#171; lui offrir de l'aide &#187;, avant de s'enfuir imm&#233;diatement apr&#232;s l'avoir asperg&#233;e. Les t&#233;l&#233;phones portables et les &#233;couteurs de rechange sont confisqu&#233;s de mani&#232;re syst&#233;matique, en particulier lors des rafles nocturnes, et l'argent liquide est directement soustrait des poches sous la menace de coups. Certains t&#233;moins distinguent ce vol &#171; officiel &#187; du vol commis par des &#171; voleurs de rue &#187; ordinaires, comme deux sources distinctes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les t&#233;moignages d&#233;crivent &#233;galement des blessures graves diagnostiqu&#233;es comme de simples &#171; spasmes musculaires &#187;, sans examen r&#233;el ; le refus, par des cliniques et des h&#244;pitaux, de soigner des blessures infect&#233;es ; ainsi que des refus de soins sans aucune justification m&#233;dicale claire.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Plusieurs t&#233;moins signalent &#233;galement le recours &#224; des agents capables de communiquer en darija lors des interventions. Cette pratique, selon les personnes interrog&#233;es, accroissait l'intimidation et la peur en leur permettant de s'adresser directement &#224; elles dans leur propre langue et d'utiliser cette connaissance dans le cadre des menaces, agressions et tortures subies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Les violences document&#233;es &#224; travers ces t&#233;moignages ne peuvent pas &#234;tre comprises de mani&#232;re isol&#233;e. Elles s'inscrivent dans un contexte plus large de contr&#244;le et de criminalisation des personnes qui ont tent&#233; de traverser la fronti&#232;re et de celles qui ont particip&#233; aux mobilisations ult&#233;rieures.&lt;/strong&gt; Cette crise s'est &#233;tendue jusqu'&#224; toucher des jeunes Marocains poursuivis pour des chefs d'accusation li&#233;s &#224; cette m&#234;me tentative de travers&#233;e.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans la r&#233;gion de Fnideq-T&#233;touan, les autorit&#233;s ont arr&#234;t&#233;, la nuit de la travers&#233;e massive, neuf personnes, dont cinq mineurs, dans le contexte des troubles qu'a connus la ville de Fnideq. Les adultes ont &#233;t&#233; incarc&#233;r&#233;s dans la prison locale de T&#233;touan et les mineurs transf&#233;r&#233;s au centre de protection de l'enfance de Temara. Le chiffre a rapidement augment&#233; jusqu'&#224; atteindre un total de 69 personnes d&#233;tenues. Trente d'entre elles ont &#233;t&#233; jug&#233;es et condamn&#233;es &#224; des peines allant d'un an &#224; deux mois de prison ferme, tandis que sept autres ont &#233;t&#233; jug&#233;es sp&#233;cifiquement pour le chef d'incitation. La section de l'Association Marocaine des Droits Humains &#224; T&#233;touan d&#233;non&#231;ait la gravit&#233; de l'absence de d&#233;fense pendant ces proc&#232;s, ce qu'elle consid&#232;re comme une violation flagrante des garanties d'un proc&#232;s &#233;quitable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Quant aux chauffeurs de taxi, ils ont &#233;t&#233; jug&#233;s en appel et condamn&#233;s &#224; des peines avec sursis et &#224; des amendes. Dans le contexte des &#233;v&#233;nements de Ceuta, 69 personnes ont &#233;t&#233; arr&#234;t&#233;es, toutes jug&#233;es en libert&#233;. Les proc&#233;dures judiciaires se sont d&#233;roul&#233;es en l'absence de la d&#233;fense, ce qui constitue une grave atteinte aux garanties fondamentales d'un proc&#232;s &#233;quitable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En ce qui concerne les personnes d&#233;c&#233;d&#233;es, selon une d&#233;claration de l'Association Marocaine des Droits Humains (AMDH), plus de 11 corps ont &#233;t&#233; r&#233;cup&#233;r&#233;s du c&#244;t&#233; marocain au cours de la premi&#232;re semaine des &#233;v&#233;nements, puis remis &#224; leurs familles pour leur inhumation. Plusieurs familles continuent de r&#233;clamer les corps de leurs enfants. Selon des d&#233;clarations des autorit&#233;s espagnoles, le Maroc a refus&#233; de recevoir certains des corps, bien que six d'entre eux aient &#233;t&#233; identifi&#233;s gr&#226;ce aux empreintes digitales et &#224; des tests ADN.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Parall&#232;lement, dans la r&#233;gion de Nador-Beni Ansar, une vague de poursuites judiciaires a vis&#233; des personnes arr&#234;t&#233;es dans le contexte des m&#234;mes &#233;v&#233;nements. Certaines ont &#233;t&#233; condamn&#233;es &#224; des peines allant de quatre &#224; six mois de prison ferme, en plus du paiement d'indemnisations collectives qui, dans l'un des cas, se sont &#233;lev&#233;es &#224; 84 000 dirhams et ont &#233;t&#233; vers&#233;es &#224; la Direction G&#233;n&#233;rale de la S&#251;ret&#233; Nationale.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Parmi les personnes arr&#234;t&#233;es figuraient &#233;galement des mineurs. Certains sont poursuivis devant le tribunal dans le cadre de proc&#233;dures p&#233;nales, dont les audiences continuent d'&#234;tre report&#233;es en raison de l'absence de la d&#233;fense, dans le contexte de la gr&#232;ve des avocats. Lors de l'audience du 10 ao&#251;t 2026, 50 pr&#233;venus r&#233;partis dans 13 dossiers ont comparu pour des chefs d'accusation li&#233;s &#224; des insultes envers des fonctionnaires, &#224; l'usage de la violence et &#224; des dommages mat&#233;riels.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Seuls 11 d&#233;tenus ont &#233;t&#233; jug&#233;s en pr&#233;sentiel, tandis que les autres ont &#233;t&#233; jug&#233;s &#224; distance, parmi lesquels deux jeunes filles d&#233;tenues. Lors de sessions ult&#233;rieures devant le tribunal de premi&#232;re instance de Nador, le tribunal a prononc&#233; des peines de prison ferme et des amendes de 500 dirhams contre plusieurs groupes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Les violations ne se sont pas arr&#234;t&#233;es aux arrestations et aux proc&#232;s, puisqu'elles ont &#233;galement inclus des op&#233;rations de renvoi imm&#233;diat de centaines de jeunes ayant r&#233;ussi &#224; atteindre Melilla. &lt;/strong&gt; Ceux-ci ont &#233;t&#233; renvoy&#233;s par des portes semi-clandestines situ&#233;es au milieu de la cl&#244;ture frontali&#232;re, dans la zone de &#171; Barrio Chino &#187;, dans des circonstances qui soul&#232;vent des interrogations quant au respect des garanties l&#233;gales et des droits humains li&#233;s aux op&#233;rations de renvoi.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Par la suite, des op&#233;rations d'expulsion de centaines de jeunes ont &#233;t&#233; men&#233;es. Ils ont &#233;t&#233; transf&#233;r&#233;s de force vers des zones recul&#233;es et dispers&#233;es, juste avant d'arriver dans les villes (Guercif, Beni Mellal, Casablanca, Midelt, etc.), puis y ont &#233;t&#233; abandonn&#233;s en plein &#233;t&#233;, au milieu de fortes chaleurs et sans que leur soient fournies les conditions n&#233;cessaires de protection et d'assistance.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cette violence n'a pas emp&#234;ch&#233; les personnes migrantes de d&#233;velopper des formes d'organisation et de r&#233;sistance. &lt;/strong&gt; La r&#233;sistance commence dans le mouvement, dans la d&#233;cision de quitter le lieu qui leur a &#233;t&#233; assign&#233;, malgr&#233; les fronti&#232;res et les dispositifs destin&#233;s &#224; l'emp&#234;cher.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nous avons &#233;t&#233; t&#233;moins de formes de r&#233;sistance dans les pratiques quotidiennes de survie : partager des informations sur les itin&#233;raires ; secourir ou prendre soin d'une personne bless&#233;e ; partager de la nourriture ou des m&#233;dicaments ; traduire ; prot&#233;ger les affaires d'autres personnes ; organiser des tours de garde pour dormir afin de rester en s&#233;curit&#233; ; transmettre des exp&#233;riences et des conseils &#224; d'autres personnes ; m&#233;moriser un num&#233;ro de t&#233;l&#233;phone ou une information importante afin qu'elle ne soit pas perdue si leurs t&#233;l&#233;phones sont cass&#233;s ; ou reconstruire les r&#233;seaux dispers&#233;s par les rafles polici&#232;res et militaires.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La r&#233;sistance se manifeste &#233;galement dans la cr&#233;ation d'alliances avec d'autres personnes ; dans la conservation de preuves et la d&#233;nonciation des violences subies ; dans l'organisation collective et la revendication de droits, m&#234;me lorsque les institutions bloquent ou emp&#234;chent leur exercice ; dans le maintien de r&#233;seaux de communication et de soutien &#224; distance ; et dans la construction de formes de solidarit&#233; et d'organisation quotidienne qui permettent de soutenir collectivement la possibilit&#233; de continuer &#224; r&#233;sister.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nous exigeons :&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;L'ouverture d'une enqu&#234;te internationale ind&#233;pendante et impartiale sur toutes les violations des droits humains survenues &#224; Ceuta et Melilla&lt;/strong&gt;, du c&#244;t&#233; espagnol comme du c&#244;t&#233; marocain, comprenant le recueil de t&#233;moignages directs des victimes et la r&#233;alisation d'un examen m&#233;dical ind&#233;pendant des blessures.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;La r&#233;v&#233;lation imm&#233;diate et transparente de l'identit&#233; et du nombre des victimes et des personnes disparues, &lt;/strong&gt; ainsi que la communication de ces informations &#224; leurs familles. Nous exigeons &#233;galement la remise des corps des personnes identifi&#233;es &#224; leurs proches, afin de permettre leur inhumation et un deuil digne.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;La cessation imm&#233;diate de toutes les formes de passages &#224; tabac syst&#233;matiques,&lt;/strong&gt; de l'obligation faite aux personnes d'entrer dans la mer et de la confiscation de leurs effets personnels, men&#233;es par les autorit&#233;s publiques &#224; Ceuta.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Une protection sp&#233;ciale et imm&#233;diate pour les personnes du collectif LGBTIQ+ et pour les mineurs,&lt;/strong&gt; incluant l'attribution de centres d'accueil sp&#233;cifiques.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;La garantie d'un proc&#232;s &#233;quitable et du droit &#224; la d&#233;fense pour tous les jeunes d&#233;tenus &lt;/strong&gt; &#224; T&#233;touan et &#224; Nador, la r&#233;vision des peines s&#233;v&#232;res prononc&#233;es en l'absence de d&#233;fense et la lib&#233;ration des mineurs d&#233;tenus.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Que toute instrumentalisation des &#234;tres humains comme outil de pression politique dans le cadre d'accords ou de tensions diplomatiques entre Rabat et Madrid fasse l'objet de comptes et de responsabilit&#233;s.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Que les institutions europ&#233;ennes et internationales &#8212; Organisation des Nations unies, Conseil de l'Europe, HCR, Rapporteurs sp&#233;ciaux de l'ONU &#8212; exercent pleinement leurs mandats afin de &lt;strong&gt;demander des comptes &#224; l'Espagne, au Maroc et &#224; l'Union europ&#233;enne&lt;/strong&gt;, en fonction de leurs actions, de leurs comp&#233;tences et de leurs responsabilit&#233;s politiques respectives.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; La garantie de la continuit&#233; de la distribution de nourriture et d'eau, ainsi que de l'assistance m&#233;dicale et psychologique, &#224; toutes les personnes se trouvant &#224; Ceuta.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; Une protection effective pour les activistes, les volontaires, les journalistes et la population locale solidaire face aux menaces et aux agressions, ainsi que l'ouverture d'une enqu&#234;te sur la fuite de donn&#233;es ayant affect&#233; leurs donn&#233;es personnelles.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;L'ouverture d'une enqu&#234;te ind&#233;pendante sur l'origine des publications incitatives&lt;/strong&gt; qui ont pr&#233;c&#233;d&#233; les &#233;v&#233;nements du 30 juillet et l'&#233;tablissement des responsabilit&#233;s des plateformes num&#233;riques ayant permis leur diffusion sans contr&#244;le.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt;L'ouverture des enqu&#234;tes judiciaires n&#233;cessaires contre tous les appels et agressions racistes &lt;/strong&gt; &#233;mis par plusieurs parties, directement ou indirectement, y compris sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux, contre les migrants &#224; Ceuta.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; La publication d'un rapport public p&#233;riodique pr&#233;sentant les chiffres des personnes d&#233;c&#233;d&#233;es, bless&#233;es et d&#233;tenues, r&#233;guli&#232;rement mis &#224; jour et v&#233;rifiable par des parties ind&#233;pendantes, plut&#244;t que de se limiter &#224; des donn&#233;es dispers&#233;es et officieuses.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;strong&gt; Garantir une protection effective des femmes, en particulier des mineures non accompagn&#233;es, ainsi qu'une enqu&#234;te s&#233;rieuse et ind&#233;pendante sur toutes les agressions sexuelles et violations commises &#224; leur encontre, &lt;/strong&gt; de demander des comptes aux responsables et de garantir le droit des victimes &#224; la justice, &#224; la protection et &#224; une prise en charge sanitaire, psychologique et sociale, tout en mettant en place des m&#233;canismes s&#251;rs de signalement des violations.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class='cs_blocs'&gt;&lt;h4 class='blocs_titre blocs_replie blocs_click'&gt;&lt;a href='#_foo'&gt;Liste des signataires :&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;div class='blocs_destination blocs_invisible blocs_slide'&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Border Resistance&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
No Name Kitchen&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Brigadas de Apoyo Mutuo Ceuta&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Cadre Cagoule&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asoc Pro Derechos Humanos De Andalucia&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Association Marocaine des Droits Humains (AMDH) - Section Oriental&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Association Marocaine des Droits Humains (AMDH) - Section Belgique&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Le Comit&#233; Pr&#233;paratoire de la Section Pays-Bas de AMDH&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Migreurop&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
MEM.MED Memoria Mediterranea&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Carovane Migranti&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Sos Racismo Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Push-Back Alarm Austria&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
PODEMOS&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&#193;rea de Migraciones de Podemos&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
FASTI f&#233;d&#233;ration d associations de soutiens aux personnes migrantes en France&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La marche des solidarit&#233;s&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Anticapitalistas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Naci&#243;n Andaluza&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Uni&#243;n de Juventudes Comunistas de Espa&#241;a (UJCE)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Liza - Plataforma Anarquista&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Confederaci&#243;n General del Trabajo (CGT)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Sindicato AIT Tarragona&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
CAT-AIT Granada [formerly CNT-AIT, Granada]&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
CNT Granada&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La Laboratoria (nodo EuroSur)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Boicot, Desinversiones y Sanciones a Israel (BDS Madrid)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
CSP75 /CISPM Coordination 75 des Sans-Papiers, France.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
SOV Pedrera, CNT&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Confederacion Anarcosindicalista (CA-AIT) de Gij&#243;n&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Anti-Imperialist League&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
L'association des m&#232;re des migrants disparus, Tunisie&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Caravana Abriendo Fronteras Andaluc&#237;a&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Collectif sud-asiatique/brown antiraciste&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Observatorio &#201;tico International - OBETI&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asamblea 8M Lavapi&#233;s&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Comisi&#243;n 8M Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Grupo por el Socialismo&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Solidaria de Acogida&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Granadina por el Refugio y la Acogida (Redgra)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Plataforma Personas Refugiadas de C&#225;ceres&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Plataforma Bienvenid@s Refugiad@s de La Rioja&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Bienvenidas Refugiadas M&#225;laga&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Tejiendo Redes TS&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Afrof&#233;minas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red de Apoyo a Inmigrantes Dimbali&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Zambra M&#225;laga&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Ciudada de Acogida de Legan&#233;s&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociacion Gitanas Feministas por la Diversidad&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Ciudada de Acogida de Legan&#233;s&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Senda de cuidados&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Frente Migrante Antirracista&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Migrantes Transgresorxs&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Argentinxs en Movimimiento - Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Trans en Lucha&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Autodefensa Transfeminista Las Turas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Resistencia Migrante Disidente&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Sembrar&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Movimiento Marika de Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
(A)saltar Muros&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Mil Colinas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asoc Granafrik&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asoc Gylda&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Ongi Etorri Errefuxiatuak&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Cultural Brasile&#241;a Maloks&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Trawunche Madrid (Coordinaci&#243;n de Apoyo al Pueblo Mapuche)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La Otra Orilla&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
SinPoli&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Red Solidaria Contra la Ocupaci&#243;n en Palestina (RESCOP)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
BDS Murcia&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Left Hand Rotation&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
South Trans Voice&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Entrepuentea (Centro Social La Villana de Vallekas)&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Cultural Espacio Bellas Vistas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asamblea Antimilitaristas de Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Fundaci&#243;n de los Comunes&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asamblea Plaza de los Pueblos&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Movimiento Palme&#241;o por Palestina&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asoc. Sociocultural Entre L&#237;neas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Maestras del Barrio&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Colectivo Agar espacio de investigaci&#243;n y encuentro desde la diversidad&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Global Sumud Flotilla Andaluc&#237;a&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Global Sumud Flotilla M&#225;laga&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Occupay for gaza&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Fuenlabrada con Palestina&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
BDS Cartagena&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Acampada por Palestina La Rioja&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Warawas&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Rebeli&#243;n o Extinci&#243;n Madrid&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Synusia&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Foro Social La Rioja&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Asociaci&#243;n Cultural La Chivata Teatro&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Juventud por el clima - Fridays For Future&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
A.C. La Vor&#225;gine Cr&#237;tica&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Ceuta : interventions des membres de Migreurop dans les m&#233;dias</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3620.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3620.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-08-07T15:22:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Sarah Bachellerie</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Maroc</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Espagne</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Suite &#224; la crise diplomatique entre l'Espagne et le Maroc apr&#232;s l'arriv&#233;e de dizaines de milliers de personnes migrantes &#224; Ceuta, plusieurs membres du r&#233;seau Migreurop ont &#233;t&#233; sollicit&#233;&#183;es pour intervenir dans les m&#233;dias. Retrouvez ici leurs interventions. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; Intervention d'Elsa Tyszler, sociologue et membre individuelle de Migreurop, sur France Culture, &#034;Maroc/Espagne : comment Ceuta est-elle devenue le bastion des politiques migratoires europ&#233;ennes ?&#034;, le 4 ao&#251;t 2026 (&#233;mission de radio, en (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique483.html" rel="directory"&gt;M&#233;dias&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot184.html" rel="tag"&gt;Maroc&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot19.html" rel="tag"&gt;Espagne&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH100/ceuta-015f4.jpg?1788362939' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='100' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Suite &#224; la crise diplomatique entre l'Espagne et le Maroc apr&#232;s l'arriv&#233;e de dizaines de milliers de personnes migrantes &#224; Ceuta, plusieurs membres du r&#233;seau Migreurop ont &#233;t&#233; sollicit&#233;&#183;es pour intervenir dans les m&#233;dias. Retrouvez ici leurs interventions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Intervention d'&lt;strong&gt;Elsa Tyszler&lt;/strong&gt;, sociologue et membre individuelle de Migreurop, sur &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;France Culture&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;&#034;Maroc/Espagne : comment Ceuta est-elle devenue le bastion des politiques migratoires europ&#233;ennes ?&#034;&lt;/strong&gt;, le 4 ao&#251;t 2026 (&#233;mission de radio, en fran&#231;ais).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6156 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;69&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;xx&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/les-enjeux/maroc-espagne-a-ceuta-les-racines-de-la-crise-humanitaire-4425264&#034; class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='HTML - 380.3 kio' type=&#034;text/html&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH334/640px-france_culture_logo-9bfb0.jpg?1788362939' width='500' height='334' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&#128251; Ecouter ici l'interview d'Elsa Tyszler sur France Culture
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tribune de &lt;strong&gt;Claire Rodier&lt;/strong&gt;, juriste et membre du &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/index.php&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Gisti&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, dans Alternatives Economiques, &lt;i&gt;&#034;A Ceuta, l'Europe a encourag&#233; la violation des droits des migrants par l'Espagne&#034;&lt;/i&gt;, 11 ao&#251;t 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6166 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/png/capture_d_ecran_2026-09-02_172947.png' class=&#034;spip_doc_lien mediabox&#034; type=&#034;image/png&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH233/capture_d_ecran_2026-09-02_172947-b762a.png?1788363712' width='500' height='233' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.alternatives-economiques.fr/a-ceuta-l-europe-a-encourage-la-violation-des-droits-des-migrants-par-l-espagne_11-08-2026&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Lire ici la tribune&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Intervention de &lt;strong&gt;Rams&#233;s Mohamed Azumik&lt;/strong&gt;, membre de l'association &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.asociacionelin.com/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;El&#237;n&lt;/a&gt;de Ceuta (&#233;mission de radio, en espagnol).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6160 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;72&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;xx&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rtve.es/play/audios/las-mananas-de-rne/ceuta-no-tenemos-miedo-ola-xenofobia-preocupa-ya-existe/17178750/&#034; class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='HTML - 265.3 kio' type=&#034;text/html&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/logo-elin-2021-150x150-20692.png?1788342221' width='150' height='150' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&#128251; Escucha aqu&#237; la intervenci&#243;n de Rams&#233;s Mohamed Azumik (Elin)
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Entretien avec &lt;strong&gt;Ashraf Maymoun &lt;/strong&gt; de l'Association Marocaine des Droits de l'Homme, &#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://enass.ma/video/a-maymoun-de-lamdh-le-recit-detaille-dune-semaine-tragique/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Le r&#233;cit d&#233;taill&#233; d'une semaine tragique&lt;/a&gt;&#034; par Enass (en arabe).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&#034;spip_document_6161 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_video spip_documents_center spip_document_center ressource oembed oembed_video oembed_video oembed_youtube&#034; &gt; &lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;oembed oe-video async clearfix center&#034; style=&#034;max-width:600px;&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;rwd-video-container oe-play-button&#034; style=&#034;width:100%;height:0;padding-bottom:56.33%;background-image:url('IMG/jpg/hqdefault-2.jpg?1788334671');background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center;background-size:cover;&#034; data-content=&#034;%3Ciframe%20width%3D%22600%22%20height%3D%22338%22%20src%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube-nocookie.com%2Fembed%2FrdZn-cH1LWA%3Ffeature%3Doembed%26autoplay%3D1%22%20frameborder%3D%220%22%20allow%3D%22accelerometer%3B%20autoplay%3B%20clipboard-write%3B%20encrypted-media%3B%20gyroscope%3B%20picture-in-picture%3B%20web-share%22%20referrerpolicy%3D%22strict-origin-when-cross-origin%22%20allowfullscreen%20title%3D%22%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81%20%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%20%D9%85%D9%86%20AMDH%20%3A%C2%AB%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9%20%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9%20%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%20%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%A9%20%C2%BB%22%3E%3C%2Fiframe%3E&#034;&gt; &lt;button&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;oe-play-button_label&#034;&gt;Lecture&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;style&gt;&lt;!--/**/.oe-video .loading {background-image:url(&#034;prive/themes/spip/images/searching.gif&#034;)!important;background-size:auto !important;}/**/--&gt;&lt;/style&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; &lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rdZn-cH1LWA&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#1571;&#1588;&#1585;&#1601; &#1605;&#1610;&#1605;&#1608;&#1606; &#1605;&#1606; AMDH :&#171; &#1575;&#1604;&#1602;&#1589;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1603;&#1575;&#1605;&#1604;&#1577; &#1604;&#1571;&#1587;&#1576;&#1608;&#1593; &#1583;&#1575;&#1605;&#1610;&#1605;&#1606; &#1575;&#1604;&#1607;&#1580;&#1585;&#1577; &#1593;&#1576;&#1585; &#1587;&#1576;&#1578;&#1577; &#187;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_credits '&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.youtube.com/@enassmedia&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;ENASS - &#1575;&#1604;&#1606;&#1575;&#1587;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;base64javascript10277183476ad04596e5aa02.99015862&#034; title=&#034;PHNjcmlwdD5qUXVlcnkoZnVuY3Rpb24oKXsgalF1ZXJ5KCcub2VtYmVkLm9lLXZpZGVvLmFzeW5jJykubm90KCcuZG9uZScpLmFkZENsYXNzKCdkb25lJykub24oJ2NsaWNrJywgJy5vZS1wbGF5LWJ1dHRvbicsZnVuY3Rpb24oZSl7dmFyICRtZSA9IGpRdWVyeSh0aGlzKSxjb250ZW50ID0gZGVjb2RlVVJJQ29tcG9uZW50KCRtZS5kYXRhKCdjb250ZW50JykpOyRtZS5yZW1vdmVDbGFzcygnb2UtcGxheS1idXR0b24nKS5hZGRDbGFzcygnbG9hZGluZycpLmh0bWwoY29udGVudCk7fSl9KTwvc2NyaXB0Pg==&#034;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Intervention de &lt;strong&gt;Brigitte Espuche&lt;/strong&gt;, coordinatrice de Migreurop, dans &#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemediatv.fr/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Le M&#233;dia&lt;/a&gt;&#034;,&lt;strong&gt; &#034;Ceuta, la fronti&#232;re de la honte&#034;&lt;/strong&gt;, 6 ao&#251;t 2026 (en fran&#231;ais).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&#034;spip_document_6158 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_video spip_documents_center spip_document_center ressource oembed oembed_video oembed_video oembed_youtube&#034; &gt; &lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;oembed oe-video async clearfix center&#034; style=&#034;max-width:600px;&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;rwd-video-container oe-play-button&#034; style=&#034;width:100%;height:0;padding-bottom:56.33%;background-image:url('IMG/jpg/hqdefault.jpg?1788264924');background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center;background-size:cover;&#034; data-content=&#034;%3Ciframe%20width%3D%22600%22%20height%3D%22338%22%20src%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube-nocookie.com%2Fembed%2FyYQprPb3QXs%3Ffeature%3Doembed%26autoplay%3D1%22%20frameborder%3D%220%22%20allow%3D%22accelerometer%3B%20autoplay%3B%20clipboard-write%3B%20encrypted-media%3B%20gyroscope%3B%20picture-in-picture%3B%20web-share%22%20referrerpolicy%3D%22strict-origin-when-cross-origin%22%20allowfullscreen%20title%3D%22MAROC%20%2F%20ESPAGNE%20%3A%20CE%20QUE%20TAISENT%20LES%20M%C3%89DIAS%20SUR%20CEUTA%22%3E%3C%2Fiframe%3E&#034;&gt; &lt;button&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;oe-play-button_label&#034;&gt;Lecture&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;style&gt;&lt;!--/**/.oe-video .loading {background-image:url(&#034;prive/themes/spip/images/searching.gif&#034;)!important;background-size:auto !important;}/**/--&gt;&lt;/style&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; &lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYQprPb3QXs&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Ceuta : la fronti&#232;re de la honte&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_credits '&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.youtube.com/@LeM%C3%A9dia-TV&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Le M&#233;dia&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;base64javascript10277183476ad04596e5aa02.99015862&#034; title=&#034;PHNjcmlwdD5qUXVlcnkoZnVuY3Rpb24oKXsgalF1ZXJ5KCcub2VtYmVkLm9lLXZpZGVvLmFzeW5jJykubm90KCcuZG9uZScpLmFkZENsYXNzKCdkb25lJykub24oJ2NsaWNrJywgJy5vZS1wbGF5LWJ1dHRvbicsZnVuY3Rpb24oZSl7dmFyICRtZSA9IGpRdWVyeSh0aGlzKSxjb250ZW50ID0gZGVjb2RlVVJJQ29tcG9uZW50KCRtZS5kYXRhKCdjb250ZW50JykpOyRtZS5yZW1vdmVDbGFzcygnb2UtcGxheS1idXR0b24nKS5hZGRDbGFzcygnbG9hZGluZycpLmh0bWwoY29udGVudCk7fSl9KTwvc2NyaXB0Pg==&#034;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press Review July 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3608.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3608.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-08-04T11:04:48Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Autriche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Spain</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Greece</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Ukraine</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation of borders</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Forced returns</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Africa &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Atlantic Route &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&#183;	RFI, &#171; Mauritanie: un total de 144 morts ou disparus sur la route migratoire vers les Canaries &#187;, 24 July 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
On 21 July, 144 people died or went missing when their boat sank off the coast of Mauritania. They had set out from The Gambia to reach the Canary Islands. The Atlantic route is one of the most dangerous migration routes, particularly because the departure points on the west coast of Africa are shifting ever further south, which increases the distance (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot207.html" rel="tag"&gt;Autriche&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot19.html" rel="tag"&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot21.html" rel="tag"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot200.html" rel="tag"&gt;Ukraine&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation of borders&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Forced returns&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/7-3-2-265f6.png?1785841641' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Africa&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Africa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Atlantic Route&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Atlantic Route&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisia&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;EU Member states&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;EU Member states&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Austria&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Austria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Ceuta&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Ceuta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Greece&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;European countries non EU members&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;European countries non EU (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Ukraine/EU&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Ukraine/EU&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;European Union&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;European Union&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Frontex&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_11'&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;&#171; Remigration &#187;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_12'&gt;&#171; Remigration &#187;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Africa&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Atlantic Route&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#183;	&lt;i&gt;RFI, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20260722-mauritanie-un-total-de-144-morts-ou-disparus-sur-la-route-migratoire-vers-les-canariesa&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritanie: un total de 144 morts ou disparus sur la route migratoire vers les Canaries&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 24 July 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 21 July, 144 people died or went missing when their boat sank off the coast of Mauritania. They had set out from The Gambia to reach the Canary Islands.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
The Atlantic route is one of the most dangerous migration routes, particularly because the departure points on the west coast of Africa are shifting ever further south, which increases the distance to be travelled. Whilst a few years ago the main departure points were Mauritania and northern Senegal, today many people seeking to reach Europe are now setting sail further south, from Casamance, The Gambia or Guinea&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See InfoMigrants on this subject &#171; Route des Canaries : plus de 150 migrants (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. This is due to the tightening of coastal controls, raids and mass deportations carried out in the aforementioned countries, as part of migration partnerships with the European Union&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further information, see the European Commission's factsheets on (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. the aim of which is to delegate the repression of exiles in order to prevent them from reaching European shores. This shipwreck is yet another illustration of the fact that repressive migration policies kill.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#183;	Nawaat, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://nawaat.org/2026/07/14/migrants-tortures-la-tunisie-accusee-lue-complice/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrants tortur&#233;s : la Tunisie accus&#233;e, l'UE complice&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 14 July 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For the first time, Tunisia will have to answer before an international court for the systematic violations of the rights of exiles committed on its territory. Four migrants, represented by lawyers from the Italian association ASGI &#8211; a member of Migreurop &#8211; and by lawyer Ibrahim Belguith, have filed four applications with the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights. They allege serious crimes committed by the Tunisian authorities, such as arbitrary detention, torture, forced returns to the desert, as well as racial and gender discrimination. The aim is to secure recognition of Tunisia's international responsibility for violations of the rights guaranteed by the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Although only four people have so far agreed to bring legal proceedings, their testimonies are representative of a fate shared by thousands of other exiles. It is this systemic nature of the rights violations that the petition seeks to have recognised&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further reading, see Amnesty International, &#8216;Tunisia: Refugees and (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, as well as the central role played by the European Union through its border externalisation policy. The petition emphasises that the abuses reported are made possible by the material, technical and financial support the EU provides to the Tunisian authorities. ASGI calls on the EU to end its migration partnership with Tunisia and to no longer consider that country a &#8216;safe' destination for people on the move&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular ASGI, &#8216;Tunisia before the African Court on Human and (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;EU Member states&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Austria&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#183;	&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/72646/austria-government-celebrates-deporting-more-people-than-receiving-newly-filed-asylum-applications&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Austria: Government celebrates deporting more people than receiving newly filed asylum applications&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 24 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For the first time in 20 years, the number of deportations of exiles (2,200) has exceeded the number of asylum applications (2,106) in Austria. Among the reasons for this trend are said to be the tightening of European border controls following the entry into force of the European Pact on Migration and Asylum (2024), increased national border controls, and the restrictions introduced on family reunification (2025, 2026).&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
For years, Austria has pursued a repressive migration policy, which has become even harsher since the current government took office in 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the &#8216;Austria' factsheet in OECD, &#8216;International Migration (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The approach adopted by this new coalition is fully in line with the European trend, with the country prioritising deportation at all costs in its immigration policy. It is hardly surprising that the Minister of the Interior, Karner, describes the changes in the number of deportations and asylum applications as &#8216;appropriate and necessary', whilst recent migration measures flout Austria's obligations regarding protection. The suspension of family reunification in 2025, followed by the introduction of quotas on such reunification in 2026, constitutes a violation of the right to family life&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard InfoMigrants, &#8216;limits refugee family reunification under (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Austria was also one of the first EU Member States to announce, as early as December 2024, the suspension of the examination of asylum applications submitted by Syrian nationals, with the revocation, in 2025, of refugee status for many of them&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, on this subject, France24, &#8216;&#8220;We're all afraid&#8221;: Austria moves to deport (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The year 2025 also marked the start of deportations to Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Politico, &#8220;Austria deports first person to Afghanistan (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Finally, the country is one of five EU Member States considering the establishment of externalised camps outside the EU as part of joint initiatives&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also Amnesty International, &#8220;The EU is violating human rights by using (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ceuta&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#183;	InfoMigrants, &#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/72776/environ-60-000-migrants-ont-traverse-la-frontiere-entre-le-maroc-et-ceuta-en-24-heures&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Environ 60 000 migrants ont travers&#233; la fronti&#232;re entre le Maroc et Ceuta en 24 heures&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, le 31 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Between 30 and 31 July, around 60,000 people are reported to have crossed the border into Ceuta &#8211; a European colonial remnant under Spanish control situated on the African continent &#8211; from Morocco, mainly by sea, thereby asserting their right to freedom of movement. Dozens of people are reported to have died in the process, and more than half of those who arrived are said to have already been forcibly returned to Morocco, in breach of international law (the principle of non-refoulement) and Spanish legislation ( &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.poderjudicial.es/portal/site/cgpj/menuitem.65d2c4456b6ddb628e635fc1dc432ea0/? vgnextoid=a55381836b14f910VgnVCM1000004648ac0aRCRD&amp;vgnextchannel=ccc9c38cb605c210VgnVCM100000cb34e20aRCRD&amp; vgnextfmt=default&amp;vgnextlocale=ca&amp;lang_choosen=ca&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Spanish Supreme Court ruling, 8 July 2026&lt;/a&gt;). Faced with what is being portrayed as yet another &#8216;migration crisis', Spain has denounced a &#8216;violation of [its] territorial integrity by criminal networks' and deployed the army to support the Guardia Civil, whilst the European Union has offered the support of the Frontex agency.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Whilst Europe's right-wing parties are crying &#8220;invasion&#8221;&#8212;allegedly caused by the Spanish government's lax approach and its regularisation programme (even though this programme has now ended, and those who arrived in Ceuta would not have been eligible for it in any case)&#8212;it is precisely the EU's policy of externalisation that is at the root of this situation. By delegating the management of migration to third countries &#8211; which are often authoritarian &#8211; the EU is turning those wishing to reach its territory into pawns in the hands of governments which, as the flip side of border externalisation, wield significant political leverage against a Europe plagued by growing racism, a Europe prepared to do anything to keep people on the move away from its borders&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further reading, see the press release from the Spanish Commission for (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
The social unrest driving Moroccan citizens to exercise their right to freedom of movement (with youth unemployment at 37 per cent) has been turned into a tool for geopolitical pressure, with both Morocco and the far right having no qualms about exploiting these migratory movements to serve their own interests.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
This heavily publicised episode speaks to us of a phobia of migration, overt racism and European isolationism, in a deeply unequal world. Responding to this thirst for freedom of movement through the militarisation of borders and the acceleration of forced returns in breach of national&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Even though the Spanish Supreme Court ruled on 8 July 2026 that people (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; and international law, has, however, proven to be both ineffective and dangerous for decades. Far from curbing migratory movements, these detached responses only lead to further tragedies and systematic violations of the rights of those seeking asylum.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;France&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#183;	&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2026/07/08/mouvements-migratoires-un-rapport-d-enquete-etrille-la-politique-gouvernementale-a-la-frontiere-franco-britannique_6721821_3224.html?srsltid=AfmBOopdBDemqN7aOir2si0Yar-beJ_FMYP4f6UARGEm9BrqSJH5MlSE&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mouvements migratoires : un rapport d'enqu&#234;te &#233;trille la politique gouvernementale &#224; la fronti&#232;re franco-britannique&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 8 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 8 July, a French parliamentary committee of inquiry published a &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/rapports/cetouq/l17b2998-t1_rapport-enquete&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;report&lt;/a&gt; condemning the harmful consequences of &#8216;border management' policies on the Franco-British border, following the conclusion in 2003 of the &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000000248992?__cf_chl_tk=u7IZ7IGX1oWA5AZeGa6v_nR4ZQaOWkyTYtl2eXingP0-1784537078-1.0.1.1-gfUZy0AcqgIhzIqL2PWuwYIBYzQ9CINNRVQF8wchhd0&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Le Touquet agreements&lt;/a&gt; between France and the United Kingdom. These agreements enshrine the outsourcing of border controls on French territory: since 2003, the UK has been making financial contributions to France in return for repressive policies on French territory aimed at preventing attempts to cross the border. It is within this very same logic that the successive agreements signed by the two countries (the Sandhurst agreements, &#8216;One in, one out') are situated. The report highlights the ineffectiveness of these agreements in relation to their stated objective of curbing migration: they have merely resulted in a &#8216;low-profile humanitarian crisis' that &#8216;the French Republic is orchestrating on its own territory', without putting an end to attempts to cross the border. The Commission of Inquiry is calling for an end to this &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Indeed, the Franco-British agreements initially shifted migration routes to the sea and subsequently led to the &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ground-breaking-new-laws-to-stop-the-boats&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Stop the boats&lt;/a&gt;' policy (2023), which resulted in an increase in deaths from the summer of 2023 onwards&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Border Forensics, &#8216;How the &#8220;Stop the Boats&#8221; policy (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Franco-British cooperation has also led to a deliberate deterioration in the living conditions of exiles stranded at the border. Many of them live in informal settlements, with limited access to water, sanitation, food and healthcare, and are subjected to daily police harassment (violent dismantling of camps, use of tear gas, confiscation of personal belongings, physical assaults). This is carried out in the name of the &#8216;zero fixed points' policy, which aims to prevent living spaces from becoming permanently established at the border&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the latest reports from Human Rights Observers on this subject&#034; id=&#034;nh13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. By acknowledging the deadly consequences of these policies and calling for an end to them, the work of this commission &#8211; the first democratic assessment of public action carried out at this border &#8211; could mark a political turning point. It remains to be seen whether any real changes will be made, or whether, with the new &lt;a href=&#034;https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/fr/ip_26_1367&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;European Action Plan for the English Channel&lt;/a&gt; (2026), the situation will continue to deteriorate.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Greece &lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#183;	&lt;i&gt;Ekathimerini, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1308449/asylum-lawyers-to-get-bonus-for-talking-migrants-into-returning-home/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Asylum lawyers to get bonus for talking migrants into returning home&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, le 2 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A ministerial decree published on 2 July provides for a bonus of 250 euros for lawyers paid by the state to provide free legal advice to asylum seekers, should they succeed in persuading their clients to withdraw their applications for protection and return to their country of origin. This is part of the border procedure established under the European Pact on Migration and Asylum.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Greece is thus following Italy's example: the Italian government had attempted to introduce a similar measure in April 2026, before it was blocked by the President of the Republic on the grounds of unconstitutionality&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, *Il Post*, &#8216;Il governo ha messo una pezza alla norma sui (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. This scheme would indeed have undermined the independence of lawyers as well as migrants' right to a defence, which must be full, free and effectively accessible&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, the press release from the National Association of (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The Greek measure risks having the same serious consequences. Greek lawyers have condemned this provision, denouncing it as a breach of professional ethics. In a &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.olomeleia.gr/el/content/amesi-katargisi-diataxeon-tis-kya-gia-ti-metanasteysi-poy-plittoyn-ton-pyrina-toy&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;statement&lt;/a&gt;, the Co-ordinating Committee of the Plenary Assembly of the Greek Bar Associations considered that the introduction of financial incentives to serve political objectives is incompatible with the principles of the legal profession, such as client-solicitor confidentiality, professional independence and the duty to provide impartial advice. The Committee called for the immediate withdrawal of the measure and urged lawyers participating in the government's legal aid scheme for asylum seekers to suspend their participation in the scheme until the contested provisions of the decree have been repealed&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, on this subject, Dnews, &#8220;Greek Lawyers Refuse to Implement Decree (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;European countries non EU members&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ukraine/EU&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#183;	Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/07/15/l-union-europeenne-revoit-un-statut-de-protection-des-ukrainiens-qui-fuient-le-front_6723594_3210.html?srsltid=AfmBOoq1yzaHHb-qQqflmslJHWgSZg49mMb1KeVuF8S2btpvzQjIR2u7&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'Union europ&#233;enne revoit un statut de protection des Ukrainiens qui fuient le front&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 15 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The European Union has extended the &lt;a href=&#034;https://commission.europa.eu/topics/eu-solidarity-ukraine/eu-assistance-ukraine/information-people-fleeing-war-ukraine/fleeing-ukraine-your-rights-eu_fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;temporary protection&lt;/a&gt; status for Ukrainians until March 2028. However, at Kyiv's request, men who have not fulfilled their military obligations will be excluded from this scheme: Ukrainians aged between 23 and 60 fleeing the front line will therefore no longer be eligible for this protection. Furthermore, applicants for this status will be required, upon arrival on European territory, to present a passport bearing an exit stamp issued by the Ukrainian authorities, proving that they have left Ukraine legally and that they have fulfilled their military obligations. The aim is reportedly to &#8220;reconcile temporary protection with Ukraine's ability to ensure its own defence&#8221;.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Several human rights organisations have opposed this decision. In a &lt;a href=&#034;https://picum.org/blog/member-states-must-strengthen-the-protection-of-all-who-flee-ukraine-instead-of-excluding-thousands/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;statement&lt;/a&gt;, they condemn the introduction of a discriminatory exclusion criterion, which is not provided for in the Temporary Protection Directive (the grounds for exclusion do not include a lack of authorisation to leave Ukrainian territory) and runs counter to its spirit: eligibility should depend first and foremost on protection needs, rather than on the administrative rules governing departure from the country of origin. These organisations also point out that the European Commission appears to have provided only a limited analysis of the necessity and proportionality of the measure, without demonstrating how denying access to temporary protection would constitute the least restrictive means of achieving the stated objective of defending Ukraine. Whilst the EU had previously done for Ukrainian exiles what &#8216;it had long claimed was impossible &#8211; allowing their mobility and recognising their rights rather than seeking to block them at all costs'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Migreurop, &#8220;Selective Reception at European Borders: (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, it is now following the backlash that is already sweeping through several Member States, where the protection and assistance granted to Ukrainians are being scaled back. By making access to temporary protection conditional on compliance with an exit ban &#8211; the legality of which, in light of the right to leave any country (Article 12 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 2 of Protocol No. 4 to the European Convention on Human Rights), may be contested &#8211; the EU risks being held responsible for worsening the living conditions of Ukrainian men fleeing the war, and would be pushing them towards more dangerous migration routes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;European Union&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_11&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Frontex &lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#183;	Infomigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/72343/frontex-expected-to-be-given-more-powers-including-new-role-in-managing-return-hubs&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Frontex expected to be given more powers, including new role in managing return hubs'&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, le 10 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Oliver Onidi, the European Commission's Deputy Director-General for Migration and Home Affairs, recently confirmed&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Since 2025, EU Member States have been calling for Frontex to be given a (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; the EU's intention to allow Frontex (the European Border and Coast Guard Agency) to carry out coordinated removals between third countries and the EU, as part of the &#8216;return hubs' mechanism approved by the European Parliament in early June 2026&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also RFI, &#8216;Migration: the European Parliament adopts reform providing (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. This change would be based on an international agreement supported by the EU Member States and the European Parliament and would form part of the reform of Frontex's mandate, scheduled for the third quarter of 2026&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Statewatch, &#8216;Frontex mandate review 2026: violent border practices to be (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
The human rights violations committed by Frontex at the EU's borders (and beyond) over the years are well documented: pushbacks, failure to act when boats are in distress, and acts of violence, amongst others. Its cooperation with third countries in implementing repressive migration agreements (both formal and informal) between those countries and the EU continues with almost complete impunity&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;In 2025, the Court of Justice of the EU held Frontex liable for violations (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, and without any real consequences for the resulting human rights violations (see collaboration with the Libyan coastguard)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;For further information, see Anna Sibley, Gisti, Migreurop, &#8220;Frontex, the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Frontex's management of third-country-to-third-country removals would therefore constitute merely a further step in the externalisation of European &#8216;migration management'. Under the pretext of &#8216;pragmatism' and &#8216;efficiency', this project will only serve to enable and systematise further human rights violations outside the EU's borders. In places removed from public scrutiny and the direct jurisdiction of the EU, it will become more difficult (if not impossible) to ensure compliance with European and international standards on fundamental rights, and to make use of effective redress mechanisms to challenge the resulting rights violations and the policies that enable them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_12&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&#171; Remigration &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#183;	Euronews, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/07/23/petition-remigration-rejetee-par-la-commission-lextreme-droite-veut-poursuivre-lexecutif-e&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;P&#233;tition &#034;remigration&#034; rejet&#233;e par la Commission : l'extr&#234;me droite veut poursuivre l'ex&#233;cutif europ&#233;en&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 23 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The European Commission has rejected the citizens' initiative&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;The European Citizens' Initiative allows EU citizens who collect one million (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#8216;Save Europe Act', spearheaded by far-right activists and calling for the abolition of all &#8216;legal immigration routes' for third-country nationals, as well as the &#8216;remigration' of all people of foreign origin who are &#8216;not integrated' into EU Member States. The aim of the initiative was to combat a supposed &#8216;demographic replacement'. The Commission refused to register this initiative on the grounds that it would lead to discrimination based on ethnic origin, which would be &#8216;contrary to the values of the Union'.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
The fallacious concept of &#8216;remigration', which emerged in far-right identitarian circles in Europe around 2010, envisages the forced expulsion of people of foreign origin who are not white, and their descendants, to their countries of origin. This would take place in progressive stages: firstly, those without the right of residence; then those holding a residence permit and/or a work visa, but considered to be &#8216;an economic, criminal or cultural burden'; and finally, naturalised immigrants deemed &#8216;unassimilated', as they are suspected of &#8216;maintaining loyalty to foreign nations or radical religions'. This is a fascist, racist and Islamophobic project that contravenes international conventions, the aim of which is to rid the country of people deemed &#8216;undesirable'. In recent years, this concept has gained significant prominence, particularly from 2023 onwards, and has begun to be championed by parties such as the FP&#214; in Austria, the AfD in Germany, Vox in Spain, and Futuro Nazionale and the Lega in Italy&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, on this subject, Radio France, &#8216;&#8220;Remigration&#8221;, the new obsession of the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Whilst the European Commission has refused to register this initiative, specifically on the grounds of non-discrimination based on origin, several texts adopted in recent years by the European institutions, as well as several of the Union's policy decisions, nevertheless follow the same logic. Consider, for example, the Return Regulation, which organises the rounding up and deportation of people without the right to reside within the EU; the Migration and Asylum Pact; the concepts of &#8216;safe countries of origin' and &#8216;safe third countries', designed to restrict the right to asylum; or the negotiations between the EU and its Member States with the Taliban with a view to deporting Afghans to Afghanistan who are in so-called &#8216;irregular' administrative situations or who have committed serious offences. These are clear examples of the gradual imposition of far-right agendas at the highest levels of the European institutions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See InfoMigrants on this subject &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71426/route-des-canaries--plus-de-150-migrants-echouent-a-traverser-latlantique-depuis-la-gambie&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Route des Canaries : plus de 150 migrants &#233;chouent &#224; traverser l'Atlantique depuis la Gambie&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 18 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For further information, see the European Commission's factsheets on partnerships with &lt;a href=&#034;https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/countries/senegal_en&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Senegal&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&#034;https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/lt/ip_24_1335&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritania&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For further reading, see Amnesty International, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/07/tunisia-refugees-and-asylum-seekers-trapped-in-cycle-of-abuse-after-authorities-dismantle-crucial-safeguards/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisia: Refugees and asylum seekers trapped in cycle of abuse after authorities dismantle crucial safeguards&lt;/a&gt;', 2 July 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular ASGI, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.asgi.it/asilo-e-protezione-internazionale/tunisia-di-fronte-alla-corte-africana-per-i-diritti-umani-e-dei-popoli/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisia before the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights&lt;/a&gt;', 3 July 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the &#8216;Austria' factsheet in OECD, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.oecd.org/fr/publications/perspectives-des-migrations-internationales-2025_695789d1-fr/full-report/austria_2c63c246.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;International Migration Outlook 2025&lt;/a&gt;', 3 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard InfoMigrants, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/71504/austria-limits-refugee-family-reunification-under-new-quota-system&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;limits refugee family reunification under new quota system'&lt;/a&gt;, 21 May 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, on this subject, France24, &#8216;&#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250305-we-re-all-afraid-austria-moves-to-deport-syrian-refugees&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;We're all afraid&#8221;: Austria moves to deport Syrian refugees&lt;/a&gt;', 5 March 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Politico, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/austria-deport-first-person-afghanistan-taliban-takeover-christian-stocker/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Austria deports first person to Afghanistan since Taliban takeover&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 21 October 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also Amnesty International, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.ch/fr/themes/asile-et-migrations/return-hubs&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;The EU is violating human rights by using detention centres in third countries&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For further reading, see the press release from the Spanish Commission for Refugee Aid (CEAR), &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cear.es/noticias/garantizar-derechos-ceuta/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;CEAR calls on the Government to speed up its response and guarantee rights in Ceuta&lt;/a&gt;', 31 July 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Even though the Spanish Supreme Court ruled on 8 July 2026 that people arriving by sea cannot be subject to immediate removal, S&#225;nchez stated that this decision would not apply in this case&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Border Forensics, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.borderforensics.org/fr/enquetes/channel/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;How the &#8220;Stop the Boats&#8221; policy kills&lt;/a&gt;', 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the &lt;a href=&#034;https://humanrightsobservers.org/reports/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;latest reports&lt;/a&gt; from Human Rights Observers on this subject&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, *Il Post*, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/04/24/governo-decreto-sicurezza-modifica-incentivi-rimpatri/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Il governo ha messo una pezza alla norma sui rimpatri volontari&lt;/a&gt;', 24 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, the press release from the National Association of Italian Magistrates (ANM), &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.associazionemagistrati.it/doc/5077/sicurezza-sconcerto-per-attacco-a-diritto-di-difesa.htm&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Decreto Sicurezza: sconcerto per attacco a diritto di difesa&lt;/a&gt;', 18 April 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, on this subject, Dnews, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.dnews.gr/eidhseis/news-in-english/597950/greek-lawyers-refuse-to-implement-decree-offering-250-payments-for-asylum-seekers-voluntary-departures&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Greek Lawyers Refuse to Implement Decree Offering &#8364;250 Payments for Asylum Seekers' &#8216;Voluntary' Departures&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 5 July 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Migreurop, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3095.html&#034;&gt;Selective Reception at European Borders: Racism in Migration Policies&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 22 March 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Since 2025, EU Member States have been calling for Frontex to be given a role in the return hub system (already envisaged at the time), as well as for its role to be facilitated in the context of operations carried out in third countries outside the EU. See, on this subject, the European Parliament's Research Service briefing &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2026/785662/EPRS_BRI(2026)785662_EN.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Strengthening Frontex's mandate in border and migration management'&lt;/a&gt;, March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also RFI, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/en-bref/20260617-migration-le-parlement-europ%C3%A9en-adopte-la-r%C3%A9forme-pr%C3%A9voyant-des-hubs-de-retour&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migration: the European Parliament adopts reform providing for &#8220;return hubs&#8221;'&lt;/a&gt;, 17 June 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Statewatch, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://statewatch.org/analyses/2026/frontex-mandate-review-2026-violent-border-practices-to-be-expanded-further/#toc-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Frontex mandate review 2026: violent border practices to be expanded further&lt;/a&gt;', 19 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;In 2025, the Court of Justice of the EU held Frontex liable for violations of the rights of exiled persons. See InfoMigrants, &#8216;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68972/refoulement-greceturquie--frontex-jugee-responsable-par-la-cour-de-justice-de-lue&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Greece&#8211;Turkey pushbacks: Frontex held liable by the Court of Justice of the EU&lt;/a&gt;', 31 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;For further information, see Anna Sibley, Gisti, Migreurop, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3472.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Frontex, the untouchable agent of migration intelligence&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 27 October 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://citizens-initiative.europa.eu/index_fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;The European Citizens' Initiative&lt;/a&gt; allows EU citizens who collect one million signatures in at least seven Member States to ask the Commission to legislate on a particular issue. Before any signatures can be collected, the initiative must be registered with the Commission: it was at this stage that the Commission rejected the &#8216;Save Europe Act'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, on this subject, Radio France, &#8216;&#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinfo/podcasts/le-choix-de-franceinfo/le-choix-franceinfo-du-mardi-30-juin-2026-2131921&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Remigration&#8221;, the new obsession of the European far right&lt;/a&gt;', 30 June 202 Act; and the Centre for the Study of Organised Hate, &#8216; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.csohate.org/2026/01/20/remigration/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Idea into the Political Mainstream&lt;/a&gt; ', 20 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Revue de presse juillet 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3607.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3607.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-08-04T11:04:35Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Autriche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Espagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Gr&#232;ce</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Ukraine</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation des fronti&#232;res</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Renvois forc&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Afrique &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Route atlantique &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&#183;	RFI, &#171; Mauritanie : un total de 144 morts ou disparus sur la route migratoire vers les Canaries &#187;, le 24 juillet 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Le 21 juillet, 144 personnes sont d&#233;c&#233;d&#233;es ou ont disparu lors du naufrage de leur embarcation au large de la Mauritanie. Elles &#233;taient parties de Gambie afin de rejoindre les Canaries. La route atlantique est l'une des routes migratoires les plus dangereuses, notamment du fait que les points de d&#233;part sur la c&#244;te occidentale de l'Afrique se (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Renvois forc&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/7-3-3cf85.png?1785841635' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Afrique&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Afrique&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Route atlantique&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Route atlantique&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;&#201;tats membres de l'Union europ&#233;enne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;&#201;tats membres de l'Union (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Autriche&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Autriche&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Ceuta&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Ceuta&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Gr&#232;ce&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Pays europ&#233;ens non-membres de l'Union europ&#233;enne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Pays europ&#233;ens non-membres (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Ukraine/UE&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Ukraine/UE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Union europ&#233;enne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;Union europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Frontex&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_11'&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;&#171; Remigration &#187;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_12'&gt;&#171; Remigration &amp;#187&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Afrique&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Route atlantique&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#183;	&lt;i&gt;RFI, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20260722-mauritanie-un-total-de-144-morts-ou-disparus-sur-la-route-migratoire-vers-les-canariesa&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritanie : un total de 144 morts ou disparus sur la route migratoire vers les Canaries&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 24 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 21 juillet, 144 personnes sont d&#233;c&#233;d&#233;es ou ont disparu lors du naufrage de leur embarcation au large de la Mauritanie. Elles &#233;taient parties de Gambie afin de rejoindre les Canaries.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La route atlantique est l'une des routes migratoires les plus dangereuses, notamment du fait que les points de d&#233;part sur la c&#244;te occidentale de l'Afrique se d&#233;placent toujours plus au sud, ce qui allonge la distance &#224; parcourir. S'il y a quelques ann&#233;es, les points de d&#233;part privil&#233;gi&#233;s &#233;taient la Mauritanie et le nord du S&#233;n&#233;gal, aujourd'hui de nombreuses personnes souhaitant rejoindre l'Europe prennent d&#233;sormais la mer plus au sud, depuis la Casamance, la Gambie ou la Guin&#233;e&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; Route des Canaries : plus de 150 migrants (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Cela s'explique par le renforcement des contr&#244;les c&#244;tiers, des rafles et des expulsions massives men&#233;s dans les pays susmentionn&#233;s, dans le cadre de partenariats migratoires avec l'Union europ&#233;enne&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour en savoir plus, voir les fiches de la Commission europ&#233;enne relatives (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, dont l'objectif est de d&#233;l&#233;guer la r&#233;pression envers les exil&#233;&#183;es afin d'&#233;viter qu'ils&#183;elles n'arrivent sur ses c&#244;tes europ&#233;ennes. Ce naufrage constitue une &#233;ni&#232;me illustration du fait que les politiques migratoires r&#233;pressives tuent.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#183;	Nawaat, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://nawaat.org/2026/07/14/migrants-tortures-la-tunisie-accusee-lue-complice/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrants tortur&#233;s : la Tunisie accus&#233;e, l'UE complice&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 14 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour la premi&#232;re fois, la Tunisie devra r&#233;pondre devant une juridiction internationale des violations syst&#233;matiques des droits des personnes exil&#233;es commises sur son territoire. Quatre personnes migrantes, repr&#233;sent&#233;es par les avocat&#183;es de l'association italienne ASGI, membre de Migreurop, et par l'avocat Ibrahim Belguith, ont d&#233;pos&#233; quatre requ&#234;tes devant la Cour africaine des droits de l'Homme et des peuples. Elles d&#233;noncent des crimes graves commis par les autorit&#233;s tunisiennes tels que des d&#233;tentions arbitraires, de la torture, des renvois forc&#233;s dans le d&#233;sert, ainsi que des discriminations raciales et de genre. L'objectif est de faire reconna&#238;tre la responsabilit&#233; internationale de la Tunisie pour les violations des droits garantis par la Charte africaine des droits de l'Homme et des peuples. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Si seules quatre personnes ont, &#224; ce jour, accept&#233; d'ester en justice, leurs t&#233;moignages sont repr&#233;sentatifs d'un sort partag&#233; par des milliers d'autres exil&#233;&#183;es. C'est ce caract&#232;re syst&#233;mique des violations des droits que la requ&#234;te entend faire reconna&#238;tre&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour aller plus loin, voir Amnesty International, &#171; Tunisie. Les autorit&#233;s (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, tout comme le r&#244;le central jou&#233; par l'Union europ&#233;enne &#224; travers sa politique d'externalisation des fronti&#232;res. La requ&#234;te souligne en effet que les faits d&#233;nonc&#233;s sont rendus possibles par le soutien mat&#233;riel, technique et financier que l'UE accorde aux autorit&#233;s tunisiennes. L'ASGI appelle l'Union &#224; mettre fin &#224; son partenariat migratoire avec la Tunisie, et &#224; ne plus consid&#233;rer ce pays comme un &#171; s&#251;r &#187; pour les personnes exil&#233;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment ASGI, &#171; La Tunisia di fronte alla Corte Africana per i (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;&#201;tats membres de l'Union europ&#233;enne&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Autriche&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#183;	&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/72646/austria-government-celebrates-deporting-more-people-than-receiving-newly-filed-asylum-applications&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Austria : Government celebrates deporting more people than receiving newly filed asylum applications&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 24 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour la premi&#232;re fois en 20 ans, le nombre d'expulsions de personnes exil&#233;es (2200) a d&#233;pass&#233; celui des demandes d'asile (2106) en Autriche. Parmi les raisons de cette &#233;volution figureraient le renforcement des contr&#244;les aux fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes &#224; la suite de l'entr&#233;e en vigueur du Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile (2024), l'augmentation des contr&#244;les aux fronti&#232;res nationales, ainsi que les restrictions mises en place pour les regroupements familiaux (2025, 2026).&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Depuis des ann&#233;es, l'Autriche m&#232;ne une politique migratoire r&#233;pressive, qui s'est encore durcie avec l'entr&#233;e en fonction du gouvernement actuel en 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment la fiche &#171; Autriche &#187; dans OCDE, &#171; Perspectives des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. La ligne assum&#233;e par cette nouvelle coalition s'inscrit pleinement dans la tendance europ&#233;enne, le pays pla&#231;ant l'expulsion &#224; tout prix parmi ses priorit&#233;s en mati&#232;re d'immigration. Il n'est gu&#232;re surprenant que le ministre de l'Int&#233;rieur, Karner, qualifie de &#171; corrects et n&#233;cessaires &#187; les changements dans le nombre d'expulsions et de demandes d'asile, alors que les r&#233;centes mesures migratoires bafouent les obligations de l'Autriche en mati&#232;re de protection. La suspension des regroupements familiaux en 2025, puis l'introduction de quotas sur ces regroupements en 2026 sont attentatoires au droit &#224; la vie familiale&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; Austria limits refugee family reunification (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. L'Autriche a par ailleurs &#233;t&#233; l'un des premiers &#201;tats membres de l'UE &#224; annoncer, d&#232;s d&#233;cembre 2024, la suspension de l'examen des demandes d'asile d&#233;pos&#233;es par des ressortissant&#183;es syrien&#183;nes, avec la r&#233;vocation, en 2025, du statut de r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e pour un grand nombre d'entre eux&#183;elles&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet France24, &#171; We're all afraid' : Austria moves to deport (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. L'ann&#233;e 2025 a &#233;galement marqu&#233; le d&#233;but des expulsions vers l'Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Politico, &#171; Austria deports first person to Afghanistan since (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Enfin, le pays compte parmi les cinq &#201;tats membres de l'Union qui envisagent la mise en &#339;uvre de camps externalis&#233;s hors UE dans le cadre d'initiatives conjointes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International, &#171; L'UE bafoue les droits humains en (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ceuta&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#183;	InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/72776/environ-60-000-migrants-ont-traverse-la-frontiere-entre-le-maroc-et-ceuta-en-24-heures&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Environ 60 000 migrants ont travers&#233; la fronti&#232;re entre le Maroc et Ceuta en 24 heures&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 31 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Entre le 30 et le 31 juillet, environ 60 000 personnes auraient franchi depuis le Maroc, principalement par la mer, la fronti&#232;re de Ceuta - r&#233;sidu colonial europ&#233;en sous contr&#244;le espagnol situ&#233; sur le continent africain -, arrachant ainsi leur libert&#233; de circulation. Des dizaines de personnes seraient d&#233;c&#233;d&#233;es ce faisant, et plus de la moiti&#233; des arrivant&#183;es auraient d&#233;j&#224; &#233;t&#233; renvoy&#233;&#183;es de force au Maroc, en violation du droit international (principe de non-refoulement) et de la l&#233;gislation espagnole (&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.poderjudicial.es/portal/site/cgpj/menuitem.65d2c4456b6ddb628e635fc1dc432ea0/?vgnextoid=a55381836b14f910VgnVCM1000004648ac0aRCRD&amp;vgnextchannel=ccc9c38cb605c210VgnVCM100000cb34e20aRCRD&amp;vgnextfmt=default&amp;vgnextlocale=ca&amp;lang_choosen=ca&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;arr&#234;t du Tribunal supr&#234;me espagnol, 8 juillet 2026&lt;/a&gt;). Face &#224; ce qui est pr&#233;sent&#233; comme une &#233;ni&#232;me &#171; crise migratoire &#187;, l'Espagne a d&#233;nonc&#233; une &#171; violation de [son] int&#233;grit&#233; territoriale par des r&#233;seaux criminels &#187; et d&#233;ploy&#233; l'arm&#233;e pour venir en appui &#224; la Guardia Civil, tandis que l'Union europ&#233;enne a offert le soutien de l'agence Frontex.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Alors que les droites europ&#233;ennes crient &#224; l'&#171; invasion &#187;, dont la cause serait le laxisme du gouvernement espagnol et son programme de r&#233;gularisation (alors m&#234;me que celui-ci est clos, et que les personnes arriv&#233;es &#224; Ceuta n'y auraient de toute fa&#231;on pas eu acc&#232;s), c'est pr&#233;cis&#233;ment la politique d'externalisation europ&#233;enne qui est &#224; l'origine de cette situation. En d&#233;l&#233;guant la gestion des migrations &#224; des pays tiers, souvent autoritaires, l'UE transforme les personnes qui souhaitent rejoindre son territoire en pions entre les mains de gouvernements qui disposent - revers de l'externalisation des fronti&#232;res - d'un fort levier de pression politique face &#224; une Europe gangren&#233;e par un racisme croissant, pr&#234;te &#224; tout pour maintenir les exil&#233;&#183;es loin de ses fronti&#232;res&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour aller plus loin, voir le communiqu&#233; de la Commission espagnole d'aide (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Le malaise social qui pousse les citoyen&#183;nes marocain&#183;es &#224; exercer leur droit &#224; la mobilit&#233; (37 % de ch&#244;mage parmi les plus jeunes) a &#233;t&#233; transform&#233; en instrument de pression g&#233;opolitique, le Maroc tout comme l'extr&#234;me droite n'h&#233;sitant pas &#224; instrumentaliser ces mouvements migratoires au service de leurs int&#233;r&#234;ts. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Cet &#233;pisode surm&#233;diatis&#233; nous parle de phobie migratoire, de racisme assum&#233; et de repli europ&#233;en, dans un monde profond&#233;ment in&#233;galitaire. R&#233;pondre &#224; cette soif de libert&#233; de circulation par la militarisation des fronti&#232;res et par l'acc&#233;l&#233;ration des renvois forc&#233;s en violation du droit national&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Alors m&#234;me que le Tribunal supr&#234;me espagnol a jug&#233; le 8 juillet 2026 que les (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; et international a pourtant d&#233;montr&#233; son inefficacit&#233; et sa dangerosit&#233; depuis des d&#233;cennies. Loin de freiner les mouvements migratoires, ces r&#233;ponses hors sol n'engendrent que drames suppl&#233;mentaires et violations syst&#233;matiques des droits des personnes en qu&#234;te d'exil.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;France&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#183;	&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2026/07/08/mouvements-migratoires-un-rapport-d-enquete-etrille-la-politique-gouvernementale-a-la-frontiere-franco-britannique_6721821_3224.html?srsltid=AfmBOopdBDemqN7aOir2si0Yar-beJ_FMYP4f6UARGEm9BrqSJH5MlSE&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mouvements migratoires : un rapport d'enqu&#234;te &#233;trille la politique gouvernementale &#224; la fronti&#232;re franco-britannique&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 8 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 8 juillet, une commission d'enqu&#234;te parlementaire fran&#231;aise a publi&#233; un &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/rapports/cetouq/l17b2998-t1_rapport-enquete&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;rapport&lt;/a&gt; qui d&#233;nonce les cons&#233;quences n&#233;fastes des politiques de &#171; gestion de la fronti&#232;re &#187; franco-britannique, depuis la conclusion, en 2003, des &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000000248992?__cf_chl_tk=u7IZ7IGX1oWA5AZeGa6v_nR4ZQaOWkyTYtl2eXingP0-1784537078-1.0.1.1-gfUZy0AcqgIhzIqL2PWuwYIBYzQ9CINNRVQF8wchhd0&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;accords du Touquet&lt;/a&gt; entre la France et le Royaume-Uni. Ces accords consacrent l'externalisation des contr&#244;les frontaliers sur le territoire fran&#231;ais : une contribution financi&#232;re britannique est vers&#233;e depuis 2003 &#224; la France, en contrepartie de politiques r&#233;pressives sur son territoire visant &#224; emp&#234;cher les tentatives de franchissement de la fronti&#232;re. C'est dans cette m&#234;me logique que s'inscrivent les accords successifs sign&#233;s par les deux pays (accords de Sandhurst, &#171; One in, one out &#187;). Le rapport souligne l'inefficacit&#233; de ces accords par rapport &#224; l'objectif affich&#233; d'entraver les migrations : ils n'ont fait que produire une &#171; crise humanitaire &#224; bas bruit &#187; que &#171; la R&#233;publique fran&#231;aise organise sur son territoire &#187;, sans mettre fin aux tentatives de franchissement de la fronti&#232;re. La Commission d'enqu&#234;te demande d'y mettre un terme &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
En effet, les accords franco-britanniques ont dans un premier temps d&#233;plac&#233; les routes migratoires vers la voie maritime, et ont ensuite conduit &#224; la politique &#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ground-breaking-new-laws-to-stop-the-boats&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Stop the boats&lt;/a&gt;&#034; (2023), qui a entra&#238;n&#233; une augmentation des d&#233;c&#232;s &#224; partir de l'&#233;t&#233; 2023&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Border Forensics, &#171; Comment la politique &#8220;Stop the Boats' (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. La coop&#233;ration franco-britannique a &#233;galement entra&#238;n&#233; une pr&#233;carisation planifi&#233;e des conditions d'existence des personnes exil&#233;es bloqu&#233;es &#224; la fronti&#232;re. Nombre d'entre eux&#183;elles vivent dans des lieux de vie informels, avec un acc&#232;s restreint &#224; l'eau, &#224; l'hygi&#232;ne, &#224; l'alimentation et aux soins, et subissent un harc&#232;lement policier quotidien (d&#233;mant&#232;lements violents des campements, usage de gaz lacrymog&#232;ne, saisies de biens personnels, agressions physiques). Ce, au nom de la politique de &#171; z&#233;ro point de fixation &#187;, dont le but est d'&#233;viter que des espaces de vie ne s'installent durablement &#224; la fronti&#232;re&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet les derniers rapports de Human Rights Observers&#034; id=&#034;nh2-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En reconnaissant les cons&#233;quences meurtri&#232;res de ces politiques et en appelant &#224; y mettre un terme, les travaux de cette commission - premi&#232;re &#233;valuation d&#233;mocratique de l'action publique men&#233;e &#224; cette fronti&#232;re - pourraient constituer un tournant politique. Reste &#224; voir si des changements seront r&#233;ellement apport&#233;s, ou si, avec le &lt;a href=&#034;https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/fr/ip_26_1367&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;nouveau plan d'action europ&#233;en sur la Manche&lt;/a&gt; (2026), la situation continuera de s'aggraver.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gr&#232;ce &lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#183;	&lt;i&gt;Ekathimerini, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1308449/asylum-lawyers-to-get-bonus-for-talking-migrants-into-returning-home/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Asylum lawyers to get bonus for talking migrants into returning home&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 2 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un d&#233;cret minist&#233;riel rendu public le 2 juillet pr&#233;voit une prime de 250 euros pour les avocat&#183;es r&#233;mun&#233;r&#233;&#183;es par l'&#201;tat pour fournir des conseils juridiques gratuits aux demandeur&#183;ses d'asile, s'ils&#183;elles parviennent &#224; convaincre leurs client&#183;es de renoncer &#224; leur demande de protection, et de retourner dans leur pays d'origine. Ce, dans le cadre de la proc&#233;dure aux fronti&#232;res mise en place avec le Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
La Gr&#232;ce suit ainsi l'exemple italien : le gouvernement italien avait tent&#233; d'introduire une mesure similaire en avril 2026, avant qu'elle ne soit bloqu&#233;e par le Pr&#233;sident de la R&#233;publique pour motif d'inconstitutionnalit&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Il Post, &#171; Il governo ha messo una pezza alla norma sui (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Cette prime aurait en effet port&#233; atteinte &#224; l'ind&#233;pendance des avocat&#183;es ainsi qu'au droit &#224; la d&#233;fense des personnes migrantes, qui doit &#234;tre plein, libre et concr&#232;tement accessible&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de presse de l'association nationale des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. La mesure grecque risque d'entra&#238;ner les m&#234;mes cons&#233;quences graves. Les avocat&#183;es grecs ont condamn&#233; cette disposition, d&#233;non&#231;ant une atteinte &#224; l'&#233;thique professionnelle. Dans un &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.olomeleia.gr/el/content/amesi-katargisi-diataxeon-tis-kya-gia-ti-metanasteysi-poy-plittoyn-ton-pyrina-toy&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;communiqu&#233;&lt;/a&gt;, le Comit&#233; de coordination de l'assembl&#233;e pl&#233;ni&#232;re des ordres des avocats de Gr&#232;ce a estim&#233; que l'instauration de primes financi&#232;res au service d'objectifs politiques est incompatible avec les principes de la profession d'avocat&#183;e, tels que la confidentialit&#233; entre l'avocat&#183;e et son client&#183;e, l'ind&#233;pendance professionnelle et le devoir de donner des conseils impartiaux. Le Comit&#233; a demand&#233; le retrait imm&#233;diat de la mesure et a appel&#233; les avocat&#183;es participant au dispositif du gouvernement d'aide juridique aux demandeur&#183;es d'asile &#224; suspendre leur participation &#224; ce dispositif tant que les dispositions contest&#233;es du d&#233;cret n'auront pas &#233;t&#233; abrog&#233;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Dnews, &#034;Greek Lawyers Refuse to Implement Decree Offering (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Pays europ&#233;ens non-membres de l'Union europ&#233;enne&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ukraine/UE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#183;	Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/07/15/l-union-europeenne-revoit-un-statut-de-protection-des-ukrainiens-qui-fuient-le-front_6723594_3210.html?srsltid=AfmBOoq1yzaHHb-qQqflmslJHWgSZg49mMb1KeVuF8S2btpvzQjIR2u7&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'Union europ&#233;enne revoit un statut de protection des Ukrainiens qui fuient le front&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 15 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'Union europ&#233;enne a &#233;tendu le statut de &lt;a href=&#034;https://commission.europa.eu/topics/eu-solidarity-ukraine/eu-assistance-ukraine/information-people-fleeing-war-ukraine/fleeing-ukraine-your-rights-eu_fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;protection temporaire&lt;/a&gt;des Ukrainien&#183;nes jusqu'en mars 2028. N&#233;anmoins, &#224; la demande de Kiev, les hommes n'ayant pas rempli leurs obligations militaires seront exclus de ce dispositif : les Ukrainiens de 23 &#224; 60 ans fuyant le front ne pourront donc plus b&#233;n&#233;ficier de cette protection. Par ailleurs, les personnes candidates &#224; ce statut devront pr&#233;senter &#224; leur arriv&#233;e sur le territoire europ&#233;en un passeport avec le cachet de sortie d&#233;livr&#233; par les autorit&#233;s ukrainiennes, prouvant qu'elles ont quitt&#233; l'Ukraine l&#233;galement et qu'elles se sont acquitt&#233;es de leurs obligations militaires. L'objectif serait de &#171; concilier la protection temporaire avec la capacit&#233; de l'Ukraine &#224; assurer sa propre d&#233;fense &#187;.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Plusieurs associations de d&#233;fense des droits se sont oppos&#233;es &#224; cette d&#233;cision. Dans un &lt;a href=&#034;https://picum.org/blog/member-states-must-strengthen-the-protection-of-all-who-flee-ukraine-instead-of-excluding-thousands/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;communiqu&#233;&lt;/a&gt;, elles d&#233;noncent l'introduction d'un crit&#232;re d'exclusion discriminatoire, non pr&#233;vu par la directive sur la protection temporaire (parmi les motifs d'exclusion ne figure pas le d&#233;faut d'autorisation de sortie du territoire ukrainien) et contraire &#224; son esprit : l'&#233;ligibilit&#233; devrait d&#233;pendre avant tout des besoins de protection, et non pas des r&#232;gles administratives encadrant la sortie du territoire d'origine. Ces associations rel&#232;vent aussi que la Commission europ&#233;enne n'aurait fourni qu'une analyse limit&#233;e de la n&#233;cessit&#233; et de la proportionnalit&#233; de la mesure, sans d&#233;montrer en quoi refuser l'acc&#232;s &#224; la protection temporaire constituerait le moyen le moins restrictif d'atteindre l'objectif affich&#233; de d&#233;fense de l'Ukraine. Si l'UE avait fait pour les personnes exil&#233;es ukrainiennes ce qu' &#171; elle avait longtemps pr&#233;tendu impossible &#8211; permettre leur mobilit&#233; et reconna&#238;tre leurs droits plut&#244;t que chercher &#224; les bloquer &#224; tout prix &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Migreurop, &#171; Accueil s&#233;lectif aux fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes : du (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, elle suit d&#233;sormais le mouvement de backlash qui traverse d&#233;j&#224; plusieurs &#201;tats membres, o&#249; la protection et l'aide accord&#233;es aux personnes ukrainiennes sont r&#233;duites. En conditionnant l'acc&#232;s &#224; la protection temporaire au respect d'une interdiction de sortie, dont la l&#233;galit&#233; au regard du droit &#224; quitter tout pays (art. 12 du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques, art. 2 du Protocole n&#176; 4 &#224; la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme) peut &#234;tre contest&#233;e, l'UE risque de se rendre responsable d'une pr&#233;carisation des conditions de vie des hommes ukrainiens fuyant la guerre, et les pousserait vers des routes migratoires plus dangereuses.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034;&gt;Union europ&#233;enne&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_11&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Frontex &lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#183;	Infomigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/72343/frontex-expected-to-be-given-more-powers-including-new-role-in-managing-return-hubs&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Frontex expected to be given more powers, including new role in managing return hubs'&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 10 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Oliver Onidi, le Directeur g&#233;n&#233;ral adjoint pour la migration et les affaires int&#233;rieures de la Commission europ&#233;enne, a r&#233;cemment confirm&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Depuis 2025, les &#201;tats membres de l'UE appellent &#224; donner un r&#244;le &#224; Frontex (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; la volont&#233; de l'UE de permettre &#224; Frontex (l'agence europ&#233;enne de garde-fronti&#232;res et de garde-c&#244;tes) de mettre en &#339;uvre des expulsions coordonn&#233;es entre pays tiers &#224; l'UE, dans le cadre du m&#233;canisme des &#171; return hubs &#187; (plateformes d'expulsion) approuv&#233; par le Parlement europ&#233;en d&#233;but juin 2026&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet RFI, &#171; Migration : le Parlement europ&#233;en adopte la r&#233;forme (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Ce changement s'appuierait sur un accord international soutenu par les &#201;tats membres de l'UE et le Parlement europ&#233;en, et ferait partie de &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-new-era-for-european-defence-and-security/file-strengthening-frontex&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;la r&#233;forme du mandat de Frontex&lt;/a&gt;, pr&#233;vue au troisi&#232;me trimestre de 2026&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Statewatch, &#034;Frontex mandate review 2026 : violent border (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Les violations des droits dont Frontex s'est rendue responsable aux fronti&#232;res de l'UE (et au del&#224;) au fil des ann&#233;es sont largement document&#233;es : pushbacks, inaction face &#224; des embarcations en d&#233;tresse, violences, entre autres. Sa coop&#233;ration avec des pays tiers de l'UE dans la mise en &#339;uvre d'accords migratoires r&#233;pressifs (formels et informels) entre ces-derniers et l'Union continue presque en toute impunit&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;En 2025, la Cour de justice de l'UE a reconnu Frontex responsable de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, et sans r&#233;elle cons&#233;quence quant aux violations des droits qui en d&#233;coulent (cf. collaboration avec les garde-c&#244;tes libyens)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Pour en savoir plus, voir Anna Sibley, Gisti, Migreurop, &#171; Frontex, agent (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. La gestion par Frontex des expulsions de pays tiers &#224; pays tiers ne constituerait donc qu'une &#233;tape suppl&#233;mentaire dans l'externalisation de la &#171; gestion des migrations &#187; europ&#233;enne. Sous pr&#233;texte de &#171; pragmatisme &#187; et d'&#171; efficacit&#233; &#187;, ce projet ne fera que permettre et syst&#233;matiser de nouvelles violations des droits en dehors des fronti&#232;res de l'Union. Dans des lieux soustraits au regard public et &#224; la juridiction directe de l'UE, il deviendra plus difficile (voire impossible) de garantir le respect des standards europ&#233;ens et internationaux en mati&#232;re de droits fondamentaux, et de recourir &#224; des m&#233;canismes de recours effectifs permettant de contester les violations de droits g&#233;n&#233;r&#233;es et les politiques qui les permettent.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_12&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&#171; Remigration &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#183;	Euronews, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/07/23/petition-remigration-rejetee-par-la-commission-lextreme-droite-veut-poursuivre-lexecutif-e&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;P&#233;tition &#034;remigration&#034; rejet&#233;e par la Commission : l'extr&#234;me droite veut poursuivre l'ex&#233;cutif europ&#233;en&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 23 juillet 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Commission europ&#233;enne a rejet&#233; l'initiative citoyenne&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;L'initiative citoyenne europ&#233;enne permet &#224; des citoyen&#183;nes de l'UE qui (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#171; Save Europe Act &#187;, port&#233;e par des militant&#183;es d'extr&#234;me droite et appelant &#224; la suppression de toutes les &#171; voies d'immigration l&#233;gale &#187; pour les ressortisssant&#183;es de pays tiers, ainsi qu'&#224; la &#171; remigration &#187; de toutes les personnes d'origine &#233;trang&#232;re &#171; non int&#233;gr&#233;es &#187; dans les &#201;tats de l'Union. L'objectif de l'initiative &#233;tait de lutter contre un suppos&#233; &#171; remplacement d&#233;mographique &#187;. La Commission a refus&#233; d'enregistrer cette initiative au motif qu'elle entra&#238;nerait des discriminations fond&#233;es sur l'origine ethnique, ce qui serait &#171; contraire aux valeurs de l'Union &#187;.&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Le fallacieux concept de &#171; remigration &#187;, n&#233; dans les cercles identitaires de l'extr&#234;me droite europ&#233;enne autour de 2010, pr&#233;voit l'expulsion forc&#233;e dans leurs pays d'origine des personnes d'origine &#233;trang&#232;re, non blanches, et de leurs descendants. Cela, selon des &#233;tapes progressives : en premier lieu , les personnes d&#233;pourvues de droit au s&#233;jour, puis les personnes titulaires d'un titre de s&#233;jour et/ou d'un visa de travail, mais consid&#233;r&#233;es comme &#171; un fardeau &#233;conomique, criminel ou culturel &#187; ; et enfin les personnes immigr&#233;es naturalis&#233;es jug&#233;s &#171; non assimil&#233;es &#187;, car soup&#231;onn&#233;es de &#171; maintenir une loyaut&#233; envers des nations &#233;trang&#232;res ou des religions radicales &#187;. Un projet fasciste, raciste, islamophobe et contraire aux conventions internationales dont l'objectif est de se d&#233;barrasser des personnes jug&#233;es &#171; ind&#233;sirables &#187;. Ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es, ce concept a acquis une grande visibilit&#233;, surtout &#224; partir de 2023, et a commenc&#233; &#224; &#234;tre revendiqu&#233; par des partis tels que le FP&#214; en Autriche, l'AfD en Allemagne, Vox en Espagne, et Futuro Nazionale et Lega en Italie&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Radio France, &#171; La &#034;remigration&#034;, nouvelle obsession de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Si la Commission europ&#233;enne a refus&#233; d'enregistrer cette initiative, pr&#233;cis&#233;ment au nom de la non-discrimination fond&#233;e sur l'origine, plusieurs textes adopt&#233;s ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es par les institutions europ&#233;ennes, ainsi que plusieurs choix politiques de l'Union, rel&#232;vent pourtant de la m&#234;me logique. Pensons par exemple au r&#232;glement retour, qui organise la chasse et l'expulsion des personnes d&#233;pourvues du droit au s&#233;jour au sein de l'UE ; au pacte migration-asile ; aux notions de &#171; pays d'origine s&#251;rs &#187; et de &#171; pays tiers s&#251;rs &#187;, con&#231;ues pour restreindre le droit d'asile ; ou encore aux n&#233;gociations de l'UE et de ses &#201;tats membres avec les talibans en vue d'expulser vers l'Afghanistan les Afghan&#183;es en situation administrative dite &#171; irr&#233;guli&#232;re &#187; ou ayant commis des infractions graves. Il s'agit d'illustrations claires de l'imposition progressive des projets de l'extr&#234;me droite au sommet des institutions europ&#233;ennes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/71426/route-des-canaries--plus-de-150-migrants-echouent-a-traverser-latlantique-depuis-la-gambie&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Route des Canaries : plus de 150 migrants &#233;chouent &#224; traverser l'Atlantique depuis la Gambie&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 18 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour en savoir plus, voir les fiches de la Commission europ&#233;enne relatives aux partenariats avec le &lt;a href=&#034;https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/countries/senegal_fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;S&#233;n&#233;gal&lt;/a&gt; et la &lt;a href=&#034;https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/lt/ip_24_1335&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritanie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour aller plus loin, voir Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2026/07/tunisia-refugees-and-asylum-seekers-trapped-in-cycle-of-abuse-after-authorities-dismantle-crucial-safeguards/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisie. Les autorit&#233;s ayant d&#233;mantel&#233; des garanties cruciales, les r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e&#183;s et demandeurs&#183;euses d'asile se retrouvent pris au pi&#232;ge d'un cycle de violations&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 2 juillet 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment ASGI, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.asgi.it/asilo-e-protezione-internazionale/tunisia-di-fronte-alla-corte-africana-per-i-diritti-umani-e-dei-popoli/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La Tunisia di fronte alla Corte Africana per i Diritti Umani e dei Popoli&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 3 juillet 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment la fiche &#171; Autriche &#187; dans OCDE, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.oecd.org/fr/publications/perspectives-des-migrations-internationales-2025_695789d1-fr/full-report/austria_2c63c246.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Perspectives des migrations internationales 2025&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 3 novembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/71504/austria-limits-refugee-family-reunification-under-new-quota-system&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Austria limits refugee family reunification under new quota system&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 21 mai 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet France24, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250305-we-re-all-afraid-austria-moves-to-deport-syrian-refugees&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;We're all afraid' : Austria moves to deport Syrian refugees&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 5 mars 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Politico, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/austria-deport-first-person-afghanistan-taliban-takeover-christian-stocker/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Austria deports first person to Afghanistan since Taliban takeover&lt;/a&gt; &#187; , 21 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.ch/fr/themes/asile-et-migrations/return-hubs&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'UE bafoue les droits humains en recourant &#224; des centres de r&#233;tention dans des pays tiers&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour aller plus loin, voir le communiqu&#233; de la Commission espagnole d'aide au r&#233;fugi&#233; (CEAR), &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cear.es/noticias/garantizar-derechos-ceuta/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;CEAR pide al Gobierno que agilice su respuesta y garantice los derechos en Ceuta&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 31 juillet 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Alors m&#234;me que le Tribunal supr&#234;me espagnol a jug&#233; le 8 juillet 2026 que les personnes arriv&#233;es par la mer ne peuvent faire l'objet d'un renvoi imm&#233;diat (refoulement express), Sanchez a d&#233;clar&#233; que cette d&#233;cision ne s'appliquerait pas en l'esp&#232;ce&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Border Forensics, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.borderforensics.org/fr/enquetes/channel/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Comment la politique &#8220;Stop the Boats' tue&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet les &lt;a href=&#034;https://humanrightsobservers.org/reports/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;derniers rapports&lt;/a&gt; de Human Rights Observers&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Il Post, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/04/24/governo-decreto-sicurezza-modifica-incentivi-rimpatri/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Il governo ha messo una pezza alla norma sui rimpatri volontari&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 24 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de presse de l'association nationale des magistrat&#183;es italien&#183;nes (ANM), &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.associazionemagistrati.it/doc/5077/sicurezza-sconcerto-per-attacco-a-diritto-di-difesa.htm&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Decreto Sicurezza : sconcerto per attacco a diritto di difesa&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 18 avril 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Dnews, &#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.dnews.gr/eidhseis/news-in-english/597950/greek-lawyers-refuse-to-implement-decree-offering-250-payments-for-asylum-seekers-voluntary-departures&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Greek Lawyers Refuse to Implement Decree Offering &#8364;250 Payments for Asylum Seekers' &#034;Voluntary&#034; Departures&lt;/a&gt;&#034;, 5 juillet 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3095.html&#034;&gt;Accueil s&#233;lectif aux fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes : du racisme des politiques migratoires&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 22 mars 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Depuis 2025, les &#201;tats membres de l'UE appellent &#224; donner un r&#244;le &#224; Frontex dans le syst&#232;me des return hubs (d&#233;j&#224; envisag&#233; &#224; l'&#233;poque), ainsi qu'&#224; faciliter son r&#244;le dans le cadre d'op&#233;rations men&#233;es dans des pays tiers de l'UE. Voir &#224; ce sujet le briefing du service de recherche du Parlement europ&#233;en &#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2026/785662/EPRS_BRI(2026)785662_EN.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Strengthening Frontex's mandate in border and migration management&lt;/a&gt;&#034;, mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet RFI, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/en-bref/20260617-migration-le-parlement-europ%C3%A9en-adopte-la-r%C3%A9forme-pr%C3%A9voyant-des-hubs-de-retour&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migration : le Parlement europ&#233;en adopte la r&#233;forme pr&#233;voyant des &#171; hubs de retour&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 17 juin 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Statewatch, &#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://statewatch.org/analyses/2026/frontex-mandate-review-2026-violent-border-practices-to-be-expanded-further/#toc-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Frontex mandate review 2026 : violent border practices to be expanded further&lt;/a&gt;&#034;, 19 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;En 2025, la Cour de justice de l'UE a reconnu Frontex responsable de violations des droits des personnes exil&#233;es. Voir InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68972/refoulement-greceturquie--frontex-jugee-responsable-par-la-cour-de-justice-de-lue&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Refoulement Gr&#232;ce-Turquie : Frontex jug&#233;e responsable par la Cour de justice de l'UE&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 31 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pour en savoir plus, voir Anna Sibley, Gisti, Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3472.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Frontex, agent intouchable du renseignement migratoire&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 27 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://citizens-initiative.europa.eu/index_fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'initiative citoyenne europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt; permet &#224; des citoyen&#183;nes de l'UE qui r&#233;unissent un million de signatures dans au moins sept &#201;tats membres de demander &#224; la Commission de l&#233;gif&#233;rer sur un sujet. Pr&#233;alable &#224; toute collecte de signature est l'enregistrement de l'initiative par la Commission : c'est dans cette phase que la Commission a rejet&#233; le &#171; Save Europemission a rejet&#233; le &#171; Save Europe Act &#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Radio France, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinfo/podcasts/le-choix-de-franceinfo/le-choix-franceinfo-du-mardi-30-juin-2026-2131921&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La &#034;remigration&#034;, nouvelle obsession de l'extr&#234;me droite europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 30 juin 202 Act &#187; ; et Center for the study of organized hate &#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.csohate.org/2026/01/20/remigration/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Remigration : The Rise of a Fringe Idea into the Political Mainstream&lt;/a&gt;&#034;, 20 janvier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press Review March 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3572.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3572.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-04-08T15:12:53Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Libya</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>German</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Belgium</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Croatia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Bosnia and Herzegovina</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Spain</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Portugal</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Nigeria</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Criminalisation of solidarities</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Detention</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Forced returns</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Monitoring and control </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Libya InfoMigrants, &#8216;Mediterranean: 2,500 migrants intercepted at sea and forcibly returned to Libya since the start of 2026', 12 March 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Since the beginning of 2026, more than 2,500 migrants have been intercepted in the Mediterranean by the Libyan coastguard and forcibly returned to Libya. These interceptions are carried out on the basis of an agreement concluded in 2017 between Italy and Libya, which provides for logistical and financial support from Italy and the European Union to (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot39.html" rel="tag"&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot16.html" rel="tag"&gt;German&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot22.html" rel="tag"&gt;Belgium&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot180.html" rel="tag"&gt;Croatia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot31.html" rel="tag"&gt;Bosnia and Herzegovina&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot19.html" rel="tag"&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot27.html" rel="tag"&gt;Portugal&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot55.html" rel="tag"&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot229.html" rel="tag"&gt;Nigeria&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot172.html" rel="tag"&gt;Criminalisation of solidarities&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Detention&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Forced returns&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Monitoring and control &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/visuel_rp_1_-2-df049.png?1775661276' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libya&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisia&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Germany&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Belgium&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Belgium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Croatia/Bosnia and Herzegovina&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Croatia/Bosnia and Herzegovina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Spain&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Portugal&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Portugal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sweden&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Sweden&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom/Nigeria&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;United Kingdom/Nigeria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Adoption of the Return Regulation&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;Adoption of the Return Regulat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;EU/Nigeria agreement&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_11'&gt;EU/Nigeria agreement&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Frontex&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_12'&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Libya&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70330/mediterranee--2-500-migrants-interceptes-en-mer-et-ramenes-de-force-en-libye-depuis-le-debut-de-lannee-2026&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Mediterranean: 2,500 migrants intercepted at sea and forcibly returned to Libya since the start of&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; 2026', 12 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since the beginning of 2026, more than 2,500 migrants have been intercepted in the Mediterranean by the Libyan coastguard and forcibly returned to Libya. These interceptions are carried out on the basis of an agreement concluded in 2017 between Italy and Libya, which provides for logistical and financial support from Italy and the European Union to the Libyan authorities in order to prevent departures to Europe. An informal agreement that has effectively established a mechanism of systematic &#8216;pullbacks'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;These operations aim to &#8220;physically prevent migrants from leaving the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; : interceptions at sea, coordinated by the European agency Frontex, followed by the forced return of people to the Libyan coast by local authorities, who are formally responsible for the search and rescue (SAR) zone. Migrants are then detained in Libyan camps. It is against this backdrop that the European Commission's recent decision to fund the construction of a Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (MRCC) in Benghazi&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject InfoMigrants, &#8220;Mediterranean: EU to fund opening of (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; has been taken. The project, promoted by the Italian government, extends the &#8216;pullback' mechanism to eastern Libya, complementing the centre already operational in Tripoli. Furthermore, the management of the new centre could be linked to the Tareq Ben Zayed militia, which controls the territory and is suspected of being involved in the attack on the humanitarian vessel Ocean Viking in August 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Migreurop, &#8220;European Union News &#8211; December 2025/February (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Over the years, the cooperation between the European Union and Libya has facilitated the refoulement, arbitrary detention and torture of thousands of people&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the press release from Mediterranea, &#8220;More millions of (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. A confidential European Union report from 2022&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular AP, &#8220;Migrant abuses continue in Libya. So does EU border (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; also notes &#8220;excessive use of force, disproportionate acts and armed violence&#8221; during interceptions at sea by the Libyan authorities. Furthermore, the conditions of detention for migrants in Libya have been the subject of numerous alerts due to serious human rights violations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, for example, the latest report by the OHCHR and UNSMIL, &#8220;Business as (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Libya offers no guarantee of protection in line with international standards on protection and asylum. Despite this, European and Italian funding, aimed at outsourcing the management of migration to this unsafe country, continues to pour in.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC N&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ews &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Africa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/czexg1nklkwo&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Prominent anti-racism activist in Tunisia sentenced to eight years in prison'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 21 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Tunis Court of First Instance has sentenced anti-racism activist Saadia Mosbah to eight years in prison and a heavy fine for &#8220;money laundering&#8221; and &#8220;illicit enrichment&#8221;. This verdict comes against a backdrop of increasing criminalisation of migrant rights defenders in Tunisia. In recent years, Mosbah, president of the Mn&#232;mty association, has been at the forefront of defending the rights of migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, against President Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed's racist rhetoric and policies. For the past two years, Mn&#232;mty and many other organisations supporting migrants have been targeted by a wave of repression: government-orchestrated smear campaigns on social media, and the arrest and prosecution of activists. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The criminalisation of Tunisian civil society continues with the tacit consent of the European Union, which has granted over &#8364;100 million in funding to Tunisia under a migration deal concluded in 2023, aimed at preventing migrants from crossing the Mediterranean. Mosbah and the convicted activists are now paying the price for this arrangement&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the joint statement &#8220;For the release of activist Saadia (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; : by supporting Sa&#239;ed's migration policy with the aim of deterring departures, the EU bears responsibility for the arbitrary arrests of human rights defenders in Tunisia and for the violations of their fundamental rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Germany&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Info&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Migrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70638/allemagne--apres-la-visite-dalcharaa-merz-espere-un-retour-massif-des-refugies-syriens&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Germany: following al-Charaa's visit, Merz hopes for a mass return of Syrian refugees'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 31 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;During a visit by Syrian President Ahmed al-Charaa to Berlin on Monday 30 March, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz stated his intention to deport, in the medium term, 80% of Syrian refugees currently in Germany. According to him, there would no longer be any reason for these people to remain on German soil following the fall of the Assad regime.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The idea of deporting such a large number of people reveals a xenophobic and racist approach, aimed at getting rid of those considered &#8216;undesirable' on German soil as quickly as possible and at any cost&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;As demonstrated by recent agreements with the Taliban in Afghanistan (2025) (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Furthermore, Syria remains a deeply unstable country, marked by the destruction of essential infrastructure. In October 2025, the German Foreign Minister stated during a visit to the country that it was &#8220;practically impossible for people to live there with dignity in the short term&#8221;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Migreurop, Press Review December 2025, 5 January 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh3-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Serious human rights violations also continue to be documented in the country. On 12 March, the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic presented its latest report to the United Nations Human Rights Council, revealing that the political transition remains undermined by human rights violations such as extrajudicial executions, acts of torture and ill-treatment, as well as enforced disappearances&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;United Nations Human Rights Council, &#8216;Report of the Independent (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Under these circumstances, the safety of the deported nationals cannot be guaranteed, and Germany risks becoming complicit in such human rights violations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Belgium&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Politi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;co&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/belgium-migration-asylum-seeker-court-suspension-anneleen-van-bossuyt/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Belgium to press ahead with restriction on asylum-seekers despite court decision'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 4 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Belgian Constitutional Court has temporarily suspended a measure aimed at restricting access to material reception conditions for migrants who have already been granted protection in another EU Member State. The Court emphasised that this provision could cause &#8220;serious and difficult-to-repair harm&#8221; by exposing people to precarious circumstances&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Constitutional Court, Judgment No. 23/2026, 26 February 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh3-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Despite this suspension, the Belgian government has stated its intention to continue applying this measure in order to &#8220;avoid overburdeningthe reception system&#8221;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since 2021, the Belgian authorities have refused to adapt this system to the increase in asylum applications, exposing many migrants to undignified living conditions, without access to healthcare or appropriate accommodation. More than 12,000 rulings by national and international courts have ordered Belgium to provide dignified reception. Yet these rulings have been systematically ignored and circumvented, particularly since the new government came to power in 2023, adopting a more restrictive migration policy&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Amnesty International &#8220;Belgium. Persistent shortcomings (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. This disregard for Belgian court rulings is part of a broader context of challenges to national, European and international law on migration: it comes as no surprise that the country features on the list of states that signed an open letter in 2025 calling for a more flexible interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights, in particular Article 3 (prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment) and Article 8 (protection of private and family life)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the open letter signed by the Heads of State of Italy, Denmark, Austria, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Belgium has thus chosen to protect its borders from an imagined migration threat, in defiance of human rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Croatia/Bosnia and Herzegovina&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;In&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;foM&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;igrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/70231/migration-management-measures-reinforced-in-bosnia-herzegovina-and-croatia residents'&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;On the border between Croatia and Bosnia, the construction of a reception centre divides&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 13 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Croatia recently announced the construction of a new &#8220;reception centre&#8221; for migrants on its border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the same time, the European agency Frontex plans to increase the presence of its officers in Bosnia, which the EU considers a major &#8220;geopolitical investment&#8221; in the management of migration flows. The stated aim is to achieve a &#8220;high level&#8221; of cooperation with the Bosni an border police in the &#8220;fight against illegal immigration and the prevention of cross-border crime&#8221;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Bosnia and Herzegovina is a candidate for accession to the European Union and constitutes a stop on the Balkan migration route: a key location for the consolidation of &#8216;Fortress Europe'. Its border with Croatia is notoriously marked by impunity for human rights violations committed by Croatian and Bosnian authorities&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard the report by the Border Violence Monitoring Network, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The pushbacks of migrants attempting to reach European soil are rife, and asylum seekers who manage to reach Croatia are placed in asylum seeker centres (currently two in the country) under appalling conditions. Access to healthcare is limited, hygiene conditions are poor, and cases of arbitrary rejection of certain applications for protection have been documented&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the Asylum Information Database (AIDA) and the European (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Reports have also highlighted that the Croatian authorities have been implicated in the arbitrary detention and torture of people in so-called &#8216;irregular' situations in ad hoc facilities&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the Global Detention Project's overview of Croatia, n.d.&#034; id=&#034;nh3-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The construction of a centre on the border risks leading to an increase in such situations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In this context, the increased presence of Frontex (which operates in Bosnia under a status agreementsigned in 2025 between the EU and Sarajevo&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;SeeCouncil Decision (EU) 2025/1348, 27 January 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh3-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ) risks contributing to the human rights violations described above. All the more so given that, under this agreement (Article 12), the agency enjoys immunity for all acts carried out as part of a joint operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, before any criminal, civil or administrative court in the country&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Migreurop, Press Review June 2025, 7 July 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh3-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spain&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;La &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Vanguardia&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20260310/11486000/gobierno-garantiza-sanidad-publica-personas-inmigrantes-situacion-irregular.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Undocumented migrants will be able to access healthcare by making a sworn statement&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 10 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since 10 March 2026, the Spanish healthcare system has been open to people without the necessary documents to reside in the country. This measure removes administrative barriers that previously prevented many people from accessing medical care. Under the new rules, anyone able to prove their residence in Spain can apply for healthcare coverage at their local health centre and immediately benefit from temporary cover whilst their application is being processed. As the Spanish Minister of Health emphasised, this measure &#8220;aims to ensure fairness and prevent inequalities&#8221;, whilst enabling &#8220;better monitoring of illnesses in primary care and a more efficient use of public resources&#8221;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This decision follows an &#8216;extraordinary' regularisation measure for migrants (2026) and the Spanish government's explicit refusal to support the European &lt;i&gt;&#8216;&lt;/i&gt;returnhubs' project (countries outside Europe to which people without the right to stay in Europe would be deported), established by the Return Regulation, the negotiating mandate for which was confirmed on 26 March by the European Parliament. It should nevertheless be noted that Spain continues to outsource the management of migration, particularly to Morocco and Mauritania, which makes it complicit in the human rights violations committed against people on the move in these countries&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject: Human Rights Watch, &#8220;Mauritania: Years of abuses linked (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Portugal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Po&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;rtug&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;al &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Post, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://theportugalpost.com/posts/portugal-tightens-immigration-laws-detention-extended-to-18-months-and-deportation-rules-transformed&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Portugal Tightens Immigration Laws: Detention Extended to 18 Months and Deportation Rules Transformed&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 19 March 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Portuguese government has approved a bill marking a further step in the repressive shift in its policy towards migrants. The maximum period of administrative detention for people without the right to stay has been extended (from 60 to 540 days) and those who apply for protection after entering the country outside authorised border posts will be subject to stricter coercive measures, including detention, while their case is being examined. The text also introduces an entry ban in the event of forced expulsion for up to five years, a period which may be extended in the event of a criminal conviction or a threat to national security. Furthermore, lodging an application for protection will no longer suspend the deportation procedure, and finally, any person without the right to reside is subject to an &#8216;obligation to leave voluntarily' (!) : those concerned must leave the country without waiting for formal notification, on pain of forced deportation and therefore a ban on entry. This reform removes the interim period between formal notification and the actual loss of the right to reside, a period which until now allowed individuals to regularise their administrative status or consult a lawyer. It should be noted that, according to the text, these forced removal measures will not apply to minors under the age of 16. The draft bill is currently under parliamentary scrutiny.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Several organisations defending the rights of migrants have condemned this as a political manoeuvre by the centre-right coalition aimed at appealing to a more conservative electorate in the run-up to future elections. This strategy is part of a broader trend observed in other European states where migrants are being exploited for electoral purposes, with a populist agenda.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With the adoption of a new European regulation on the return of persons without the right to reside in the EU, which is directly applicable in Member States, measures against migrants awaiting deportation are set to become even harsher.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sweden&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mon&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;de&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/03/24/la-suede-presente-un-projet-de-loi-qui-prevoit-d-expulser-les-migrants-qui-ne-menent-pas-une-vie-honnete_6674072_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Sweden presents a bill to deport migrants who do not lead an &#8216;honest life'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 24 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/europe/20260325-su%C3%A8de-le-gouvernement-poursuit-un-projet-de-loi-visant-%C3%A0-d%C3%A9noncer-les-migrants-sans-titre-de-s%C3%A9jour&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Sweden: government pushes ahead with bill to report migrants without residence&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; permits'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 25 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At the end of March, the Swedish government presented two bills aimed at stepping up the deportation of migrants. The first provides for the deportation of migrants who do not lead an &#8216;honest life'. The second would oblige six public administrations (the employment agency, social security, the prison service, the debt collection agency, the pensions authority and the tax authority) to report to the police those suspected of so-called &#8220;irregular&#8221; residence. It also introduces new grounds for revoking residence permits when a person is considered a &#8216;threat' to public order or national security, or when they have provided inaccurate information in their application.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The first measure causes serious concern due to its vague and discretionary nature. What criteria would be used to define an &#8216;honest life'? What methods would be employed to assess an individual's alleged moral character? This measure, which relies on deeply subjective assessments, would pave the way for the establishment of two parallel normative systems. Statements that are not criminally punishable could thus lead to the deportation of migrants, whereas they would have no legal consequences for Swedish citizens. Furthermore, there is a risk of creating a chilling effect on freedom of expression and of reinforcing self-censorship among migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The second bill is part of a broader, Europe-wide drive to strengthen widespread surveillance of private and public spaces in order to &#8216;flush out' those without the right to reside. It would accentuate the role of government agencies as tools of control, threatening the right to privacy due to the potential sharing of sensitive data, encouraging racial profiling and discrimination based on appearance, and creating ethical dilemmas for public sector professionals&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;The same concerns have been raised regarding the &#8216;Return' Regulation, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gu&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ardian&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2026/mar/05/what-are-shabana-mahmoods-changes-to-the-asylum-system&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;What are Shabana Mahmood's changes to the asylum system?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 5 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 5 March, the British Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood announced the implementation of new measures on migration and asylum. Refugee status is now reduced from five years to 30 months (renewable). At the end of this period, if the third country is considered safe, its nationals may be deported there. Furthermore, the period required to obtain permanent resident status has been extended from 10 to 20 years, the obligation to provide public financial support to asylum seekers has been suspended, and up to &#163;40,000 will be offered to families whose asylum applications have been rejected to return voluntarily to their country: if they refuse, the authorities will be able to use force, including against minors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The latest in a long line of tightening measures in UK immigration policy, this new set of repressive measures strays from the spirit, if not the letter, of the human rights conventions to which the United Kingdom is a State part. Firstly, migrant people will be kept in a state of constant uncertainty, preventing them from rebuilding their lives and exposing them to a constant threat of deportation&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, on this subject, The Guardian, &#8216;Mahmood's new rules will leave refugees (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Furthermore, the possibility of forcibly returning families whose asylum applications have been or will be rejected risks violating the right to respect for private and family life, protected by Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, as well as the principle of the best interests of the child, enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child and recognised by all European human rights instruments. Finally, the forced return of nationals from countries considered safe could constitute a form of discrimination based on nationality.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Several British civil society organisations have condemned these developments in a joint statement. They are calling on the government to suspend the reduction in the duration of refugee status, describing the UK policy as &#8216;performative cruelty', a source of instability, injustice and inefficiency&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Scottish Refugee Council, &#8220;Charities urge UK government to (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom/Nigeria&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crm1w24p8p7o&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;UK agrees deal to ease migrant returns to Nigeria&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#8221;, 19 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 19 March, the UK and Nigeria reached an agreement aimed at speeding up the deportation of Nigerian nationals who do not have the right to remain, have been convicted by the courts, or whose asylum applications have been rejected. From now on, the British authorities will no longer have to wait for Nigeria to issue consular laissez-passer to proceed with a deportation: the Nigerian authorities will accept identification documents issued by the United Kingdom (the &lt;i&gt;&#8216;UK &lt;/i&gt;letters'). The agreement also provides for enhanced cooperation in the fight against &#8220;smuggling networks&#8221;. In this regard, Nigeria has committed to reviewing its national legislation to ensure harsher penalties for &#8220;migration-related offences&#8221;, which risks leading to increased criminalisation of migrants, as well as solidarity organisations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The use of informal documents such as &lt;i&gt;UK letters &lt;/i&gt;could lead to arbitrary deportations, due to unilateral identification (identity and nationality) of the person forcibly returned by the UK. This measure could also infringe upon the right to private and family life of Nigerians residing in the UK.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This agreement marks a new stage in the &#8216;return diplomacy'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Migreurop, Press review October 2025, 15 November 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh3-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; pursued by the UK since Keir Starmer's government came to power. As early as September 2025, Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood had implemented a strategy to suspend the issuance of visas for nationals of certain African countries (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Angola) as a means of pressure to secure more &#8216;effective' cooperation from these countries in the readmission of deported individuals&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See InfoMigrants, &#8220;UK uses visa restrictions to pressure African countries (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Adoption of the Return Regulation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lib&#233;ration&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/le-parlement-europeen-en-passe-dapprouver-des-hubs-de-retour-pour-migrants-20260326_2ORGECM5GVEDHKBQ4HXLG7FVFM/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;European Parliament approves creation of &#8216;return hubs' for migrants outside the EU&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 26 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 26 March 2026, the European Parliament confirmed in plenary the negotiating mandate adopted by the LIBE Committee for a new common system regarding the expulsion of third-country nationals without the right to reside in the Union (known as the &#8216;Return Regulation'), resulting from an alliance between the right and the far right. Among the measures envisaged: systematic detention for all migrants (extension of the grounds for detention, maximum detention period increased to 24 months and cumulative across Member States, possibility of detention in prisons); deportations to third countries (&lt;i&gt;return hubs&lt;/i&gt;), without effective oversight by European institutions and without a suspension clause in the event of rights violations; an acceleration of forced returns through the mutual recognition of deportation measures between Member States, potentially without individual review, and which may be enforced prior to any final decision; in certain cases, permanent entry bans into EU territory are envisaged.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The umpteenth milestone in the war on migrants that began 30 years ago, this regulation consolidates the long-standing erosion of rights, crossing new red lines. It risks leading, in very concrete terms, to dangerous returns, violations of the right to an effective remedy and the principle of non-refoulement, and exposing people on the move to inhuman and degrading treatment&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the Migreurop press release,&#8220;Adoption of the European (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The speed of this vote is also worrying, as the proposed text was adopted by the European Parliament barely a year after the Commission's proposal. This reveals that the far-right agenda is now taking hold at the highest levels of the European institutions: in the wake of the European Pact, the Return Regulation enshrines a reshaping of EU law to adapt it to a racist, anti-migration and anti-democratic ideology&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid.&#034; id=&#034;nh3-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_11&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EU/Nigeria agreement&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euobserv&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;er&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://euobserver.com/208101/eu-offers-cash-and-defence-deal-as-it-inks-migrant-returns-pact-with-nigeria/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;en&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;EU offers cash and defence deal as it links migrant returns pact with Nigeria&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 23 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nigeria and the European Union have concluded an agreement for the return of Nigerian nationals without the right to reside in the EU, in exchange for &#8364;288 million in funding for digitalisation, the modernisation of the health sector and agricultural value chains in Nigeria.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The agreement illustrates the European trend of linking cooperation on deportations to promises of economic and diplomatic benefits (the &#8216;cash-for-migrants' approach), to the detriment of the fundamental rights of displaced persons. Nigeria is indeed facing growing insecurity, high inflation, violence by local armed groups, allegations of torture and deep-seated exclusion of young people, exacerbated by a decline in civil and political freedoms. In this context, the deportation of Nigerian nationals from the EU could expose some individuals to inhuman and degrading treatment and social exclusion, due to limited prospects for reintegration. Furthermore, similar informal agreements in the Sahel region have coincided with harsh anti-migration laws, the criminalisation of civil society, and the militarisation of borders, contributing to the normalisation of repression under the guise of ensuring &#8216;stability' and &#8216;order'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;In particular the 2022 EU-Niger partnership&#034; id=&#034;nh3-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; at the national level.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_12&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Frontex&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Le Monde,&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2026/03/24/fabrice-leggeri-ex-directeur-de-frontex-et-eurodepute-rn-vise-par-une-enquete-pour-complicite-de-crimes-contre-l-humanite_6674028_3224.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Fabrice Leggeri, former director of Frontex and RN MEP, under investigation for complicity in crimes against humanity'&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 24 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Following a complaint lodged by NGOs (the Human Rights League and Utopia 56) in April 2024, anU e investigation was opened in France against Fabrice Leggeri, former director of Frontex (2015&#8211;2022) and far-right MEP (Patriots for Europe group). He is accused of complicity in crimes against humanity and the crime of torture, in connection with acts of , pushbacks and failure to assist refugees at sea, linked to the deterrence practices implemented by Member States and their enforcement arm, Frontex.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Whilst the opening of an investigation into Leggeri, who sits in the European Parliament as an MEP for the National Rally, represents an important symbolic step, it should be noted that Frontex's mandate and activities have, since the agency's creation, been fundamentally incompatible with respect for fundamental rights. The rights violations committed with impunity and with the complicity of Frontex &#8211; denounced by NGOs since 2004 &#8211; took place before Leggeri's appointment and continued after his resignation in 2022.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Frontex is the instrument of a repressive policy of mobility restriction that has proven to be incompatible with respect for rights. Within the framework of the agency's mandate, numerous illegal operations have been carried out and extensively documented: collective expulsions, obstruction of the right to asylum, mass pushbacks on the high seas, failure to assist persons in danger, and collaboration with Libyan militias to intercept boats before they reach European territorial waters.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since its creation in 2004, its mandate, powers and resources have been continually strengthened, and its budget has multiplied in recent years (rising from &#8364;6 million in 2005 to over &#8364;1 billion in 2026). In June 2026, the European Commission will present to Parliament a fifth revision of the agency's mandate, aimed at further expanding its activities and resources (increased use of surveillance technologies, third-country removals, and an increase in staff from 10,000 to 30,000).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Whilst Frontex had hitherto enjoyed structural impunity, in December 2025 the Court of Justice of the EU ruled that EU law imposed obligations on Frontex regarding the protection of fundamental rights&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Migreurop, Press review December 2025, 5 January 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh3-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . It was about time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;These operations aim to &#8220;physically prevent migrants from leaving the territory of their country of origin or a transit country, or to forcibly return them to that territory, before they can reach the jurisdiction of their country of destination. This means that, unlike &#8216;pushbacks', which are carried out when a person actually crosses the border, &#8216;pullbacks' take place before that.&#8221; &#8221;, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, May 2021.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/69469/mediterranee--lue-va-financer-louverture-dun-centre-de-sauvetage-dans-lest-libyen-pour-intercepter-les-migrants-en-mer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Mediterranean: EU to fund opening of rescue centre in eastern Libya to intercept migrants at&lt;/a&gt; sea&#8221;, 27 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3548.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;&#8220;European Union News &#8211; December 2025/February&lt;/a&gt; 2026&#8221;, 4 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the press release from Mediterranea, &lt;a href=&#034;https://mediterranearescue.org/it/news/ancora-milioni-di-euro-per-la-collaborazione-con-criminali-di-guerra-in-libia&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;More millions of euros for collaboration with war criminals in Libya&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 9 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular AP, &lt;a href=&#034;https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-business-health-libya-migration-a30dd342513aeeede5a7558de4c3089d&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Migrant abuses continue in Libya. So does EU border&lt;/a&gt; training&#8221;, 25 January 2022, and the report by the Council of the European Union &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21185907-libyan-coast-guard-and-navy-monitoring-four-months-report-august-november-2021/%20du%20Co&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Four monthly Libyan coast guard and navy monitoring&lt;/a&gt; report&#8221;, August&#8211;November 2021&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, for example, the latest report by the OHCHR and UNSMIL, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/reports/business-usual-human-rights-violations-and-abuses-against-migrants-asylum-seekers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Business as Usual: Human Rights Violations and Abuses against Migrants, Asylum-Seekers, and Refugees in&lt;/a&gt; Libya&#8221;, 17 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the joint statement &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://tunisiansolidarity.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;For the release of activist Saadia&lt;/a&gt; Mosbah&#8221;, 10 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;As demonstrated by recent agreements with the Taliban in &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70091/lallemagne-expulse-20-criminels-afghans-vers-kaboul&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Afghanistan&lt;/a&gt; (2025) and with &lt;a href=&#034;https://turkishminute.com/2024/09/28/germany-turkey-odd-over-migrant-deportation-deal/?utm_source=chatgpt.com&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Turkey&lt;/a&gt; (2024), aimed at speeding up the deportation of their nationals, Afghans and Turks make up a large proportion of the migrant populations living in Germany.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3516.html?lang_article=fr#outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;Press Review December 2025&lt;/a&gt;, 5 January 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;United Nations Human Rights Council, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session61/advance-version/a-hrc-61-62-auv.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab&lt;/a&gt; Republic', 12 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Constitutional Court, &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.const-court.be/public/f/2026/2026-023f.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Judgment No. 23/2026&lt;/a&gt;, 26 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; See on this subject Amnesty International &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2025/04/belgium-persistent-failure-to-provide-reception-violates-rights-and-dignity-of-people-seeking-asylum/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Belgium. Persistent shortcomings in reception violate the rights and dignity of asylum&lt;/a&gt; seekers&#8221;, 3 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/Lettera_aperta_22052025.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;open letter&lt;/a&gt; signed by the Heads of State of Italy, Denmark, Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland, 22 May 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard the report by the Border Violence Monitoring Network, &lt;a href=&#034;https://borderviolence.eu/blog/clothes-in-rivers-backpacks-on-fire-the-visibility-of-border-crossings-and-illegal-pushbacks-at-the-croatian-bosnian-border&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Clothes in the river, backpacks on fire: The (in)visibility of pushbacks at the Croatian-Bosnian&lt;/a&gt; border&#8221;, 11 June 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the Asylum Information Database (AIDA) and the European Council on Refugees and Migrants (ECRE), &lt;a href=&#034;https://asylumineurope.org/reports/country/croatia/reception-conditions/housing/conditions-reception-facilities/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Conditions in reception facilities:&lt;/a&gt; Croatia&#8221;, last updated 20 January&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.globaldetentionproject.org/countries/europe/croatia&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;the&lt;/a&gt; Global Detention Project's &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.globaldetentionproject.org/countries/europe/croatia&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;overview of Croatia&lt;/a&gt;, n.d.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See&lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2025/1348/oj/fra&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Council Decision (EU) 2025/1348&lt;/a&gt;, 27 January 2025 &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3434.html&#034;&gt;Press Review June 2025&lt;/a&gt;, 7 July 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject: Human Rights Watch, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2025/08/27/mauritanie-des-annees-dabus-lies-aux-controles-des-migrations&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Mauritania: Years of abuses linked to migration&lt;/a&gt; controls&#8221;, 27 August 2025; ASGI &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.asgi.it/en/publication/morocco-border-policies-at-the-root-of-forced-disappearances-and-human-rights-violations/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Morocco: Border policies at the root of forced disappearances and human rights&lt;/a&gt; violations&#8221;, 14 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;The same concerns have been raised regarding the &#8216;Return' Regulation, adopted on 26 March by the European Parliament. See on this subject the joint press release &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?article7685&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Return Regulation: no to a European law that authorises home searches, police in public services and racial&lt;/a&gt; profiling', 23 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, on this subject, The Guardian, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2026/mar/08/mahmoods-new-rules-will-leave-refugees-in-cruel-state-of-uncertainty&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Mahmood's new rules will leave refugees in a cruel state of&lt;/a&gt; uncertainty', 8 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Scottish Refugee Council, &lt;a href=&#034;https://scottishrefugeecouncil.org.uk/refugee-asylum-labour-changes-shabanamahmood/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Charities urge UK government to &#8216;step up' and be honest about realities of&lt;/a&gt; migration&#8221;, 5 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3482.html&#034;&gt;Press review October 2025&lt;/a&gt;, 15 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/68956/uk-uses-visa-restrictions-to-pressure-african-countries-on-deportation-deals&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;UK uses visa restrictions to pressure African countries on deportation&lt;/a&gt; deals&#8221;, 30 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the Migreurop press release,&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3560.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;&#8220;Adoption of the European &#8216;return' regulation: the death of international law&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 26 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;In particular the 2022 &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.eeas.europa.eu/niger/lunion-europeenne-et-le-niger_fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;EU-Niger partnership&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3516.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Press review December 2025&lt;/a&gt;, 5 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
		<enclosure url="https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/draft_press_review_march_2026.pdf" length="266346" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Revue de presse mars 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3571.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3571.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-04-08T13:22:39Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Libye</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Allemagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Belgique</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Croatie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Espagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Portugal</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Nigeria</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Criminalisation des solidarit&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Enfermement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Politiques migratoires</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Renvois forc&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Surveillance et contr&#244;le</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Libye InfoMigrants, &#171; M&#233;diterran&#233;e : 2 500 migrants intercept&#233;s en mer et ramen&#233;s de force en Libye depuis le d&#233;but de l'ann&#233;e 2026 &#187;, 12 mars 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Depuis d&#233;but 2026, plus de 2 500 migrant&#183;e&#183;s ont &#233;t&#233; intercept&#233;&#183;e&#183;s en M&#233;diterran&#233;e par les garde-c&#244;tes libyens et renvoy&#233;&#183;e&#183;s de force en Libye. Ces interceptions s'inscrivent dans le cadre d'un arrangement conclu en 2017 entre l'Italie et la Libye, qui pr&#233;voit un soutien logistique et financier de l'Italie et de l'Union europ&#233;enne aux (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Revues de presse&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot39.html" rel="tag"&gt;Libye&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot16.html" rel="tag"&gt;Allemagne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot22.html" rel="tag"&gt;Belgique&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot180.html" rel="tag"&gt;Croatie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot31.html" rel="tag"&gt;Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot19.html" rel="tag"&gt;Espagne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot27.html" rel="tag"&gt;Portugal&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot55.html" rel="tag"&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot229.html" rel="tag"&gt;Nigeria&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot172.html" rel="tag"&gt;Criminalisation des solidarit&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Enfermement&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Politiques migratoires&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Renvois forc&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Surveillance et contr&#244;le&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/visuel_rp-2-38691.png?1775654589' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libye&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Libye&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Allemagne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Allemagne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Belgique&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Belgique&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Croatie/Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Croatie/Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Espagne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Espagne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Portugal&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Portugal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Su&#232;de&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni/Nigeria&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Royaume-Uni/Nigeria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Adoption du r&#232;glement retour&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;Adoption du r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Arrangement UE / Nigeria&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_11'&gt;Arrangement UE / Nigeria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Frontex&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_12'&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Libye&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70330/mediterranee--2-500-migrants-interceptes-en-mer-et-ramenes-de-force-en-libye-depuis-le-debut-de-lannee-2026&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;M&#233;diterran&#233;e : 2 500 migrants intercept&#233;s en mer et ramen&#233;s de force en Libye depuis le d&#233;but de l'ann&#233;e 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, 12 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis d&#233;but 2026, plus de 2 500 migrant&#183;e&#183;s ont &#233;t&#233; intercept&#233;&#183;e&#183;s en M&#233;diterran&#233;e par les garde-c&#244;tes libyens et renvoy&#233;&#183;e&#183;s de force en Libye. Ces interceptions s'inscrivent dans le cadre d'un arrangement conclu en 2017 entre l'Italie et la Libye, qui pr&#233;voit un soutien logistique et financier de l'Italie et de l'Union europ&#233;enne aux autorit&#233;s libyennes afin d'emp&#234;cher les d&#233;parts vers l'Europe. Un accord informel qui a de fait mis en place un m&#233;canisme de &#171; pullbacks &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ces op&#233;rations visent &#224; &#171; emp&#234;cher physiquement les migrant&#183;e&#183;s de quitter (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; syst&#233;matiques : des interceptions en mer, coordonn&#233;es par l'agence europ&#233;enne Frontex, suivies du renvoi forc&#233; des personnes vers les c&#244;tes libyennes par les autorit&#233;s locales, formellement responsables de la zone de recherche et de sauvetage (SAR). Les personnes migrantes sont ensuite enferm&#233;es dans des camps libyens. C'est dans ce contexte que s'inscrit la d&#233;cision r&#233;cente de la Commission europ&#233;enne de financer la construction d'un centre de coordination des secours maritimes (MRCC) &#224; Benghazi&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; M&#233;diterran&#233;e : l'UE va financer l'ouverture (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le projet, port&#233; par le gouvernement italien, &#233;tend le m&#233;canisme de &#171; pullback &#187; &#224; l'est de la Libye, en compl&#233;ment du centre d&#233;j&#224; op&#233;rationnel &#224; Tripoli. Par ailleurs, la gestion du nouveau centre pourrait &#234;tre li&#233;e &#224; la milice Tareq Ben Zayed, qui contr&#244;le le territoire et est soup&#231;onn&#233;e d'&#234;tre impliqu&#233;e dans l'attaque du navire humanitaire Ocean Viking en ao&#251;t 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; Actualit&#233;s de l'Union europ&#233;enne - d&#233;cembre (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette coop&#233;ration entre l'Union europ&#233;enne et la Libye a permis, au fil des ann&#233;es, le refoulement, la d&#233;tention arbitraire et la torture de milliers de personnes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de Mediterranea, &#171; Ancora milioni di euro per (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Un rapport confidentiel de l'Union europ&#233;enne datant de 2022&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment AP, &#171; Migrant abuses continue in Libya. So does EU border (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; fait d'ailleurs &#233;tat &#171; d'un usage excessif de la force, d'actes disproportionn&#233;s et de violence arm&#233;e &#187; lors des interceptions en mer par les autorit&#233;s libyennes. Par ailleurs, les conditions de d&#233;tention des migrant&#183;e&#183;s en Libye ont fait l'objet de nombreuses alertes en raison de graves violations des droits humains&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir, par exemple, le dernier rapport de l'OHCHR et de l'UNSMIL &#171; Business (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. La Libye n'offre aucune garantie de protection conforme aux standards internationaux en mati&#232;re de protection et d'asile. Malgr&#233; cela, les financements europ&#233;ens et italiens, visant &#224; externaliser la gestion des mouvements migratoiresvers ce pays non s&#251;r, continuent d'affluer.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC News Afrique, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/czexg1nklkwo&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Une militante antiraciste de premier plan en Tunisie condamn&#233;e &#224; huit ans de prison&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 21 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le tribunal de premi&#232;re instance de Tunis a condamn&#233; la militante antiraciste Saadia Mosbah, &#224; huit ans de prison et &#224; une lourde amende pour &#171; blanchiment d'argent &#187; et &#171; enrichissement illicite &#187;. Ce verdict s'inscrit dans un contexte de criminalisation croissante des d&#233;fenseur&#183;e&#183;s des droits des migrant&#183;e&#183;s en Tunisie. Ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es, Mosbah, pr&#233;sidente de l'association Mn&#232;mty, s'est retrouv&#233;e en premi&#232;re ligne dans la d&#233;fense des droits des migrant&#183;e&#183;s originaires d'Afrique subsaharienne, face &#224; la rh&#233;torique et aux politiques racistes du pr&#233;sident Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed. Depuis deux ans, Mn&#232;mty et de nombreuses autres organisations de solidarit&#233; avec les migrant&#183;e&#183;s sont particuli&#232;rement cibl&#233;es par une vague r&#233;pressive : campagnes de diffamation sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux orchestr&#233;s par le gouvernement, militant&#183;e&#183;s arr&#234;t&#233;&#183;e&#183;s et poursuivi&#183;e&#183;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La criminalisation de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile tunisienne se poursuit avec l'assentiment tacite de l'Union europ&#233;enne, qui a accord&#233; un financement de plus de 100 millions d'euros &#224; la Tunisie dans le cadre d'un arrangement migratoire conclu en 2023, visant &#224; emp&#234;cher les migrant&#183;e&#183;s de traverser la M&#233;diterran&#233;e. Mosbah et les activistes condamn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s paient aujourd'hui le prix de cet arrangement&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; conjoint &#171; Pour la lib&#233;ration de l'activiste (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; : en soutenant la politique migratoire de Sa&#239;ed dans un objectif de dissuasion des d&#233;parts, l'UE porte une responsabilit&#233; dans les arrestations arbitraires de d&#233;fenseur&#183;e&#183;s des droits en Tunisie et dans les violations de leurs droits fondamentaux.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Allemagne&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70638/allemagne--apres-la-visite-dalcharaa-merz-espere-un-retour-massif-des-refugies-syriens&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Allemagne : apr&#232;s la visite d'al-Charaa, Merz esp&#232;re un retour massif des r&#233;fugi&#233;s syriens&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 31 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans le cadre d'une visite du pr&#233;sident syrien Ahmed al-Charaa &#224; Berlin, le lundi 30 mars, le chancelier allemand Friedrich Merz a d&#233;clar&#233; vouloir expulser, &#224; moyen terme, 80 % des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e&#183;s syrien&#183;ne&#183;s pr&#233;sent&#183;e&#183;s en Allemagne. Selon lui, il n'y aurait plus de raison pour ces personnes de rester sur le territoire allemand apr&#232;s la chute du r&#233;gime d'Assad.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'id&#233;e d'expulser un nombre aussi &#233;lev&#233; de personnes r&#233;v&#232;le une approche x&#233;nophobe et raciste, visant &#224; se d&#233;barrasser, le plus rapidement possible et &#224; tout prix, de celles et ceux consid&#233;r&#233;&#183;e&#183;s comme &#171; ind&#233;sirables &#187; sur le territoire allemand&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Comme l'ont d&#233;montr&#233; les r&#233;cents arrangements avec les Talibans en (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Par ailleurs, la Syrie demeure un pays profond&#233;ment instable, marqu&#233; par la destruction d'infrastructures essentielles. En octobre 2025, le ministre allemand des Affaires &#233;trang&#232;res avait d&#233;clar&#233; qu'il &#233;tait &#171; pratiquement impossible pour les gens d'y vivre dans la dignit&#233; dans le court terme &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, Revue de presse d&#233;cembre 2025, 5 janvier 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh4-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, lors d'une visite sur place. De graves violations des droits humains continuent &#233;galement d'&#234;tre document&#233;es dans le pays. Le 12 mars, La Commission d'enqu&#234;te internationale ind&#233;pendante sur la R&#233;publique arabe syrienne a pr&#233;sent&#233; son dernier rapport devant le Conseil des droits de l'Homme des Nations unies, r&#233;v&#233;lant que la transition politique demeure compromise par des violations des droits telles que des ex&#233;cutions extrajudiciaires, des actes de torture et des mauvais traitements, ainsi que des disparitions forc&#233;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Conseil des droits de l'homme des Nations Unies, &#171; Report of the Independent (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Dans ces conditions, la s&#233;curit&#233; des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s expuls&#233;&#183;e&#183;s ne saurait &#234;tre garantie, et l'Allemagne risquerait de se rendre complice de telles violations de droits.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Belgique&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Politico, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/belgium-migration-asylum-seeker-court-suspension-anneleen-van-bossuyt/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Belgium to press ahed with restriction on asylum-seekers despite court decision&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 4 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Cour constitutionnelle belge a suspendu temporairement une mesure visant &#224; limiter l'acc&#232;s aux conditions mat&#233;rielles d'accueil pour les migrant&#183;e&#183;s ayant d&#233;j&#224; obtenu une protection dans un autre &#201;tat membre de l'UE. La Cour a soulign&#233; que cette disposition pourrait causer un &#171; pr&#233;judice grave et difficilement r&#233;parable &#187;, en exposant des personnes &#224; la pr&#233;carit&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Cour constitutionnelle,arr&#234;t n&#176; 23/2026, 26 f&#233;vrier 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh4-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Malgr&#233; cette suspension, le gouvernement belge a d&#233;clar&#233; vouloir poursuivre l'application de cette mesure afin d' &#171; &#233;viter de surcharger le syst&#232;me d'accueil &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis 2021, les autorit&#233;s belges ont refus&#233; d'adapter ce syst&#232;me &#224; l'augmentation des demandes d'asile, exposant de nombreux&#183;euse&#183;s exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; des conditions de vie indignes, sans acc&#232;s aux soins ni &#224; un h&#233;bergement appropri&#233;. Plus de 12 000 d&#233;cisions de juridictions nationales et internationales ont ordonn&#233; &#224; la Belgique de fournir un accueil digne. Pourtant, ces d&#233;cisions ont syst&#233;matiquement &#233;t&#233; ignor&#233;es et contourn&#233;es, surtout depuis l'arriv&#233;e au pouvoir du nouveau gouvernement en 2023, qui a adopt&#233; une politique migratoire plus restrictive&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International &#171; Belgique. Les manquements (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le m&#233;pris des d&#233;cisions judiciaires belgess'inscrit dans un contexte g&#233;n&#233;ral de remise en cause du droit national, europ&#233;en et international en mati&#232;re migratoire : c'est sans surprise que le pays figure dans la liste des &#201;tats ayant sign&#233; en 2025 une lettre ouverte appelant &#224; une interpr&#233;tation plus souple de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, notamment de l'article 3 (interdiction des traitements inhumains ou d&#233;gradants) et de l'article 8 (protection de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir la lettre ouvertesign&#233;e par les chefs d'&#201;tat de l'Italie, du Danemark, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. La Belgique choisit ainsi de prot&#233;ger ses fronti&#232;res d'une menace migratoire fantasm&#233;e, au m&#233;pris des droits humains.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Croatie/Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/70231/migration-management-measures-reinforced-in-bosnia-herzegovina-and-croatia&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;A la fronti&#232;re entre la Croatie et la Bosnie, la construction d'un centre d'accueil divise les habitants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 13 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Croatie a r&#233;cemment annonc&#233; la construction d'un nouveau &#171; centre d'accueil &#187; pour les personnes migrantes &#224; sa fronti&#232;re avec la Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine. Parall&#232;lement, l'agence europ&#233;enne Frontex pr&#233;voit de renforcer la pr&#233;sence de ses agents en Bosnie, consid&#233;r&#233;e par l'UE comme un &#171; investissement g&#233;opolitique &#187; majeur dans la gestion des mouvements migratoires. L'objectif affich&#233; est d'atteindre un &#171; niveau &#233;lev&#233; &#187; de coop&#233;ration avec la police des fronti&#232;res bosniennes dans la &#171; lutte contre l'immigration clandestine et la pr&#233;vention de la criminalit&#233; transfrontali&#232;re &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine est candidate &#224; l'entr&#233;e dans l'Union europ&#233;enne et constitue une &#233;tape sur la route migratoire des Balkans : un lieu n&#233;vralgique de consolidation de l' &#171; Europe Forteresse &#187;. Sa fronti&#232;re avec la Croatie est notoirement marqu&#233;e par l'impunit&#233; des violations des droits commises par les autorit&#233;s croates et bosniennes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet le rapport de Border Violence Monitoring Network, &#171; Clothes (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; : les refoulements des migrant&#183;e&#183;s qui tentent d'arriver sur le sol europ&#233;en sont l&#233;gion et les demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile qui parviennent en Croatie sont plac&#233;es dans des centres pour demandeurs d'asile (actuellement deux dans le pays) dans des conditions indignes. L'acc&#232;s aux soins y est limit&#233;, les conditions d'hygi&#232;ne sont pr&#233;caires et des cas de refus arbitraire de certaines demandes de protection ont &#233;t&#233; document&#233;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Asylum Information Database (AIDA),Conseil europ&#233;en pour les (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Des rapports ont &#233;galement mis en avant que les autorit&#233;s croates ont &#233;t&#233; impliqu&#233;es dans la d&#233;tention arbitraire et la torture de personnes en situation dite &#171; irr&#233;guli&#232;re &#187; dans des installations ad hoc&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir l'aper&#231;u g&#233;n&#233;rale de la Croatie du Global Detention Project, s.d.&#034; id=&#034;nh4-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. La construction d'un centre &#224; la fronti&#232;re risque d'entra&#238;ner une multiplication de ce type de situations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans ce cadre, le renforcement de la pr&#233;sence de Frontex (qui op&#232;re en Bosnie &#224; la suite d'un accord de statut sign&#233; en 2025 entre l'UE et Sarajevo&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voirla d&#233;cision (UE) 2025/1348 du Conseil, 27 janvier 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh4-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;) risque de contribuer aux violations des droits d&#233;crites ci-dessus. D'autant plus que, en vertu de cet accord (article 12), l'agence b&#233;n&#233;ficie d'une immunit&#233; pour tous les actes r&#233;alis&#233;s dans le cadre d'une op&#233;ration conjointe en Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine, devant toute juridiction p&#233;nale, civile ou administrative du pays&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop,Revue de presse juin 2025, 7 juillet 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh4-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Espagne&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;La Vanguardia, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20260310/11486000/gobierno-garantiza-sanidad-publica-personas-inmigrantes-situacion-irregular.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Los inmigrantes sin papeles acceder&#225;n a la sanidad con una declaraci&#243;n responsable&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 10 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis le 10 mars 2026, le syst&#232;me de sant&#233; espagnol est ouvert aux personnes d&#233;pourvues de documents pour s&#233;journer dans le pays. Cette mesure supprime des obstacles administratifs qui emp&#234;chaient auparavant de nombreuses personnes d'acc&#233;der aux soins m&#233;dicaux. Selon les nouvelles r&#232;gles, toute personne en mesure de prouver sa r&#233;sidence en Espagne peut d&#233;poser une demande de prise en charge aupr&#232;s de son centre de sant&#233; local et b&#233;n&#233;ficier imm&#233;diatement d'une couverture temporaire pendant le traitement de son dossier. Comme l'a soulign&#233; la ministre de la Sant&#233; espagnole, cette mesure &#171; vise &#224; garantir l'&#233;quit&#233; et &#224; pr&#233;venir les in&#233;galit&#233;s &#187;, tout en permettant &#171; un meilleur suivi des maladies dans les soins primaires et une utilisation plus efficace des ressources publiques &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette d&#233;cision fait suite &#224; une mesure de r&#233;gularisation dite extraordinaire des personnes migrantes (2026) et au refus explicite du gouvernement espagnol de soutenir le projet europ&#233;en de &#171; &lt;i&gt;return hubs &lt;/i&gt; &#187; (pays hors Europe o&#249; seraient expuls&#233;es les personnes sans droit au s&#233;jour en Europe), pr&#233;vu dans le r&#232;glement retour dont le mandat de n&#233;gociation a &#233;t&#233; confirm&#233; le 26 mars par le Parlement europ&#233;en. Il convient n&#233;anmoins de rappeler que l'Espagne continue d'externaliser la gestion des mouvements migratoires, notamment vers le Maroc et la Mauritanie, ce qui engage sa responsabilit&#233; dans les violations des droits humains commises &#224; l'encontre des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s dans ces pays&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet : Human Rights Watch, &#171; Mauritanie : Des ann&#233;es d'abus li&#233;s (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Portugal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Portugal Post, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://theportugalpost.com/posts/portugal-tightens-immigration-laws-detention-extended-to-18-months-and-deportation-rules-transformed&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Portugal Tightens Immigration Laws : Detention Extended to 18 Months and Deportation Rules Transformed&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 19 mars 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le gouvernement portugais a approuv&#233; un projet de loi en mati&#232;re de migration marquant une &#233;tape suppl&#233;mentaire dans le tournant r&#233;pressif de sa politique &#224; l'&#233;gard des personnes exil&#233;es. La dur&#233;e maximale de d&#233;tention administrative pour les personnes sans droit au s&#233;jour a &#233;t&#233; prolong&#233;e(de 60 &#224; 540 jours) et les personnes qui feront une demande de protection apr&#232;s une entr&#233;e sur le territoire en-dehors des postes fronti&#232;res habilit&#233;s seront soumises &#224; des mesures coercitives plus strictes, dont la d&#233;tention, pendant l'examen de leur dossier. Le texte introduit &#233;galement une interdiction d'entr&#233;e en cas d'expulsion forc&#233;e pouvant atteindre cinqans, dur&#233;e prolongeable en cas de condamnation p&#233;nale ou de menace pour la s&#233;curit&#233; nationale. En outre, le d&#233;p&#244;t d'une demande de protection ne suspendra plus la proc&#233;dure d'expulsion, et enfin toute personne sans droit au s&#233;jour est soumise &#224; une &#171; obligation de d&#233;part volontaire &#187; : les personnes concern&#233;es devront quitter le territoire sans attendre de notification formelle, sous peine d'expulsion forc&#233;e et donc d'interdiction d'entr&#233;e. Cette r&#233;forme supprime la p&#233;riode interm&#233;diaire entre la notification formelle et la perte effective du droit au s&#233;jour, p&#233;riode qui permettait jusqu'&#224; pr&#233;sent de r&#233;gulariser sa situation administrative ou de consulter un avocat. &#192; noter que selon le texte, ces mesures de renvoi forc&#233; ne s'appliqueront pas aux mineurs de moins de 16 ans. Le projet de loi est actuellement en cours d'examen parlementaire.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Plusieurs organisations de d&#233;fense des droits des personnes migrantes d&#233;noncent une man&#339;uvre politique de la coalition de centre-droit visant &#224; s&#233;duire un &#233;lectorat plus conservateur &#224; l'approche de futures &#233;ch&#233;ances &#233;lectorales. Cette strat&#233;gie s'inscrit dans une tendance plus large observ&#233;e dans d'autres &#201;tats europ&#233;ens o&#249; les migrant&#183;e&#183;s sont instrumentalis&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; des fins &#233;lectorales, dans une optique populiste.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#192; l'heure de l'adoption d'un nouveau r&#232;glement europ&#233;en sur le retour des personnes d&#233;pourvues de droit de s&#233;jour dans l'UE, d'applicabilit&#233; directe dans les &#201;tats membres, les mesures &#224; l'encontre des personnes exil&#233;es en instance d'expulsion vont encore s'aggraver.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su&#232;de &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/03/24/la-suede-presente-un-projet-de-loi-qui-prevoit-d-expulser-les-migrants-qui-ne-menent-pas-une-vie-honnete_6674072_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;La Su&#232;de pr&#233;sente un projet de loi qui pr&#233;voit d'expulser les migrants qui ne m&#232;nent pas une &#171; vie honn&#234;te&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, le 24 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;RFI, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/europe/20260325-su%C3%A8de-le-gouvernement-poursuit-un-projet-de-loi-visant-%C3%A0-d%C3%A9noncer-les-migrants-sans-titre-de-s%C3%A9jour&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Su&#232;de : le gouvernement poursuit un projet de loi visant &#224; d&#233;noncer les migrants sans titre de s&#233;jour&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 25 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fin mars, le gouvernement su&#233;dois a pr&#233;sent&#233; deux projets de loi visant &#224; intensifier les expulsions des personnes exil&#233;es. Le premier pr&#233;voit l'expulsion des migrant&#183;e&#183;s qui ne m&#232;neraient pas une &#171; vie honn&#234;te &#187;. Le deuxi&#232;me obligerait six administrations publiques (l'agence pour l'emploi, l'assurance sociale, l'administration p&#233;nitentiaire, l'agence de recouvrement des dettes, l'autorit&#233; des retraites et l'administration fiscale) &#224; signaler &#224; la police les personnes soup&#231;onn&#233;es de s&#233;jour dit &#171; irr&#233;gulier &#187;. Il introduit &#233;galement de nouveaux motifs de retrait du titre de s&#233;jour, notamment lorsqu'une personne est consid&#233;r&#233;e comme une &#171; menace &#187;pour l'ordre public ou la s&#233;curit&#233; nationale, ou lorsqu'elle a fourni des informations inexactes dans sa demande.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La premi&#232;re mesure suscite de vives inqui&#233;tudes en raison de son caract&#232;re vague et discr&#233;tionnaire. Quels crit&#232;res permettraient de d&#233;finir une &#171; vie honn&#234;te &#187; ? Quels moyens seraient utilis&#233;s pour &#233;valuer une pr&#233;tendue moralit&#233; individuelle ? Cette mesure, qui repose sur des &#233;valuations profond&#233;ment subjectives, ouvrirait la voie &#224; la mise en place de deux syst&#232;mes normatifs parall&#232;les. Des d&#233;clarations non p&#233;nalement r&#233;pr&#233;hensibles pourraient ainsi entra&#238;ner l'expulsion des migrant&#183;e&#183;s, alors qu'elles n'auraient aucune cons&#233;quence juridique pour des citoyen&#183;ne&#183;s su&#233;dois&#183;e&#183;s. Par ailleurs, il existe un risque de produire un effet dissuasif sur la libert&#233; d'expression et de renforcer l'autocensure parmi les personnes migrantes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le deuxi&#232;me projet de loi s'inscrit dans une volont&#233; plus g&#233;n&#233;rale, &#224; l'&#233;chelle europ&#233;enne, de renforcer un contr&#244;le g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233; des espaces priv&#233;s et publics afin de &#171; d&#233;busquer &#187; les personnes d&#233;pourvues de doit au s&#233;jour. Il accentuerait le r&#244;le des administrations comme outils de contr&#244;le, en mena&#231;ant le droit &#224; la vie priv&#233;e, en raison du partage potentiel de donn&#233;es sensibles, en favorisant le profilage racial et les discriminations au faci&#232;s, et en cr&#233;ant des conflits &#233;thiques pour les professionnel&#183;le&#183;s de l'administration publique&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Les m&#234;mes inqui&#233;tudes ont &#233;t&#233; soulev&#233;es concernant le r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2026/mar/05/what-are-shabana-mahmoods-changes-to-the-asylum-system&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;What are Shabana Mahmood's changes to the asylum system ?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 5 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 5 mars, la ministre de l'Int&#233;rieur britannique Shabana Mahmood a annonc&#233; la mise en application de nouvelles mesures en mati&#232;re de migration et d'asile. Le statut de r&#233;fugi&#233; est d&#233;sormais r&#233;duit de cinq ans &#224; 30 mois (renouvelables). Au terme de cette p&#233;riode, si le pays tiers est consid&#233;r&#233; comme s&#251;r, ses ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s pourront y &#234;tre expuls&#233;&#183;e&#183;s. Par ailleurs, la p&#233;riode pour obtenir le statut de r&#233;sident&#183;e permanent&#183;e passe de 10 &#224; 20 ans, l'obligation de soutien financier public aux demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile est suspendue, et jusqu'&#224; 40 000 &#163; seront offerts aux familles dont la demande d'asile a &#233;t&#233; rejet&#233;e pour rentrer volontairement dans leur pays : en cas de refus, les autorit&#233;s pourront recourir &#224; la force, y compris &#224; l'encontre des mineur&#183;e&#183;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#201;ni&#232;me durcissement de la politique migratoire britannique, cette nouvelle s&#233;rie de mesures r&#233;pressives s'&#233;loigne de l'esprit, sinon de la lettre, des conventions relatives aux droits humains dont le Royaume-Uni est signataire. Tout d'abord, les personnes exil&#233;es seront maintenues dans un &#233;tat d'incertitude permanente, les emp&#234;chant de reconstruire leur vie et les exposant &#224; une menace constante d'expulsion&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet The Guardian, &#171; Mahmood's new rules will leave refugees in (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Par ailleurs, la possibilit&#233; de renvoyer de force des familles dont la demande d'asile a &#233;t&#233; ou sera rejet&#233;e risque d'entra&#238;ner une violation du droit au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale, prot&#233;g&#233; par l'article 8 de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, ainsi que du principe de l'int&#233;r&#234;t sup&#233;rieur de l'enfant, consacr&#233; par la Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant et reconnu par tous les instruments europ&#233;ens de protection des droits humains. Enfin, le renvoi forc&#233; des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s de pays consid&#233;r&#233;s comme s&#251;rs pourrait constituer une forme de discrimination fond&#233;e sur la nationalit&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Plusieurs organisations de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile britannique ont d&#233;nonc&#233; ces &#233;volutions dans un communiqu&#233; commun. Elles appellent le gouvernement &#224; suspendre la r&#233;duction de la dur&#233;e du statut de r&#233;fugi&#233; en taxant la politique britannique de &#171; cruaut&#233; performative &#187;, source d'instabilit&#233;, d'injustice et d'inefficacit&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Scottish Refugee Council, &#171; Charities urge UK government to (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Royaume-Uni/Nigeria&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crm1w24p8p7o&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;UK agrees deal to ease migrant returns&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; to Nigeria&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 19 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 19 mars, le Royaume-Uni et le Nigeria ont conclu un arrangement visant &#224; acc&#233;l&#233;rer les expulsions de ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s nig&#233;rian&#183;e&#183;s d&#233;pourvu&#183;e&#183;s de droit au s&#233;jour, ou condamn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s par la justice ou encore dont la demande d'asile a &#233;t&#233; rejet&#233;e. D&#233;sormais, les autorit&#233;s britanniques n'auront plus &#224; attendre la d&#233;livrance de laissez-passer consulaires par le Nigeria pour proc&#233;der &#224; une expulsion : les autorit&#233;s nig&#233;rianes accepteront des documents d'identification &#233;mis par le Royaume-Uni (les &#171; &lt;i&gt;UK letters&lt;/i&gt; &#187;). L'arrangement pr&#233;voit en outre un renforcement de la coop&#233;ration dans la lutte contre les &#171; r&#233;seaux de passeurs &#187;. Dans ce sens, le Nigeria s'est engag&#233; &#224; revoir sa l&#233;gislation nationale afin de garantir des sanctions plus s&#233;v&#232;res contre &#171; les infractions li&#233;es aux migrations &#187;, ce qui risque de conduire &#224; une intensification de la criminalisation des personnes migrantes, ainsi que des organisations solidaires.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'utilisation de documents informels comme les &lt;i&gt;UK letters&lt;/i&gt; pourrait entra&#238;ner des expulsions arbitraires, du fait d'une identification unilat&#233;rale (identit&#233; et nationalit&#233;) de la personne renvoy&#233;e de force par le R.U. Cette mesure pourrait &#233;galement porter atteinte au droit &#224; la vie priv&#233;e et familiale des Nig&#233;rian&#183;e&#183;s r&#233;sidant&#183;e&#183;s au Royaume-Uni.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cet accord marque une nouvelle &#233;tape dans la &#171; diplomatie du renvoi &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Migreurop,Revue de presse octobre 2025, 15 novembre 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh4-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;engag&#233;e par le Royaume-Uni depuis l'arriv&#233;e au pouvoir du gouvernement de Keir Starmer. D&#233;j&#224; en septembre 2025, la ministre de l'Int&#233;rieur Shabana Mahmood avait mis en place une strat&#233;gie de suspension de la d&#233;livrance de visas pour les ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s de certains pays africains (R&#233;publique d&#233;mocratique du Congo, Namibie, Angola) comme moyen de pression pour obtenir une coop&#233;ration plus &#171; efficace &#187; de ces pays dans la r&#233;admission des personnes expuls&#233;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; UK uses visa restrictions to pressure (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Adoption du r&#232;glement retour&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lib&#233;ration, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/le-parlement-europeen-en-passe-dapprouver-des-hubs-de-retour-pour-migrants-20260326_2ORGECM5GVEDHKBQ4HXLG7FVFM/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Le Parlement europ&#233;en approuve la cr&#233;ation de &#171; hubs de retour &#187; pour migrants hors de l'UE&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 26 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 26 mars 2026, le Parlement europ&#233;en a confirm&#233; en pl&#233;ni&#232;re le mandat de n&#233;gociation adopt&#233; par la Commission Parlementaire LIBE pour un nouveau syst&#232;me commun en mati&#232;re d'expulsions des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s de pays tiers sans droit au s&#233;jour dans l'Union (dit &#171; r&#232;glement retour &#187;), r&#233;sultant d'une alliance entre la droite et l'extr&#234;me droite. Parmi les mesures pr&#233;vues : une d&#233;tention syst&#233;matique pour toutes les personnes exil&#233;es(extension des motifs de d&#233;tention, dur&#233;e maximale d'enfermement port&#233;e &#224; 24 mois et cumulable d'un &#201;tat membre &#224; l'autre, possibilit&#233; d'enfermement dans des &#233;tablissements p&#233;nitentiaires) ; des expulsions vers des pays tiers (&lt;i&gt;return hubs&lt;/i&gt;), sans contr&#244;le effectif par les institutions europ&#233;ennes et sans clause de suspension en cas de violation des droits ; une acc&#233;l&#233;ration des renvois forc&#233;s gr&#226;ce &#224; la reconnaissance mutuelle des mesures d'expulsion entre &#201;tats membres, potentiellement sans r&#233;examen individuel, et pouvant &#234;tre ex&#233;cut&#233;es avant toute d&#233;cision d&#233;finitive ; dans certains cas, des interdictions d'entr&#233;e d&#233;finitives dans le territoire de l'UE sont pr&#233;vues.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#201;ni&#232;me jalon de la guerre aux migrant&#183;e&#183;s d&#233;but&#233;e il y a 30 ans, ce r&#232;glement consolide la destruction du droit entam&#233;e de longue date, en franchissant de nouvelles lignes rouges. Il risque d'entra&#238;ner tr&#232;s concr&#232;tement des renvois dangereux, des violations du droit &#224; un recours effectif et du principe de non-refoulement, et d'exposer les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; des traitements inhumains et d&#233;gradants&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de Migreurop, &#171; Adoption du r&#232;glement europ&#233;en (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. La rapidit&#233; de ce vote est en outre inqui&#233;tante, le texte propos&#233; ayant &#233;t&#233; adopt&#233; par le Parlement europ&#233;en &#224; peine un an apr&#232;s la proposition de la Commission. Cela r&#233;v&#232;le que l'agenda de l'extr&#234;me droite s'impose d&#233;sormais au sommet des institutions europ&#233;ennes : dans le sillage du Pacte europ&#233;en, le r&#232;glement retour ent&#233;rine un remodelage du droit de l'Union afin de l'adapter &#224; une id&#233;ologie raciste, anti-migratoire et anti-d&#233;mocratique&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibidem&#034; id=&#034;nh4-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_11&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Arrangement UE / Nigeria&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euobserver, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://euobserver.com/208101/eu-offers-cash-and-defence-deal-as-it-inks-migrant-returns-pact-with-nigeria&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;EU offers cash and defence deal as it links migrant returns pact with Nigeria&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, 23 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Nigeria et l'Union europ&#233;enne ont conclu un arrangement pour le renvoi des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s nig&#233;rian&#183;ne&#183;s d&#233;pourvu&#183;e&#183;s de droit au s&#233;jour dans l'Union, en contrepartie d'un financement de 288 millions d'euros destin&#233; &#224; la digitalisation, &#224; la modernisation du secteur de la sant&#233; et aux cha&#238;nes de valeur agricoles au Nigeria.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'arrangement illustre la tendance europ&#233;enne &#224; lier la coop&#233;ration en mati&#232;re d'expulsions &#224; des promesses d'avantages &#233;conomiques et diplomatiques (approche &#171; &lt;i&gt;cash-for-migrants&lt;/i&gt; &#187;), au d&#233;triment des droits fondamentaux des personnes exil&#233;es. Le Nigeria est en effet confront&#233; &#224; une ins&#233;curit&#233; croissante, &#224; une forte inflation, &#224; la violence de groupesarm&#233;s locaux, &#224; des all&#233;gations de torture et &#224; une exclusion profonde des jeunes, aggrav&#233;e par un recul des libert&#233;s civiles et politiques. Dans ce contexte, les expulsions de ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s nig&#233;rian&#183;e&#183;s depuis l'UE pourraient exposer certaines personnes &#224; des traitements inhumains et d&#233;gradants et &#224; l'exclusion sociale, en raison de perspectives de r&#233;int&#233;gration limit&#233;es. Par ailleurs, des accords informels similaires dans la r&#233;gion du Sahel ont co&#239;ncid&#233; avec des lois anti-migration s&#233;v&#232;res,une criminalisation de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile, et la militarisation des fronti&#232;res, contribuant &#224; la normalisation de la r&#233;pression sous couvert de garantir la &#171; stabilit&#233; &#187; et l'&#171; ordre &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Notamment le partenariat UE-Niger de 2022&#034; id=&#034;nh4-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#224; l'&#233;chelle nationale.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_12&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Frontex&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2026/03/24/fabrice-leggeri-ex-directeur-de-frontex-et-eurodepute-rn-vise-par-une-enquete-pour-complicite-de-crimes-contre-l-humanite_6674028_3224.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Fabrice Leggeri, ex-directeur de Frontex et eurod&#233;put&#233; RN, vis&#233; par une enqu&#234;te pour complicit&#233; de crimes contre l'humanit&#233;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 24 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A la suite de la plainte d'ONG (Ligue des droits de l'Homme et Utopia 56) d&#233;pos&#233;e en avril 2024, une enqu&#234;te a &#233;t&#233; ouverte en France contre Fabrice Leggeri, ancien directeur de Frontex (2015-2022) et eurod&#233;put&#233; d'extr&#234;me droite (groupe Patriotes pour l'Europe). Il est accus&#233;de complicit&#233; de crimes contre l'humanit&#233; et crime de torture, dans des faits de refoulements et de non-assistance aux exil&#233;.e.s en mer, li&#233;s aux pratiques de dissuasion mises en &#339;uvre par les &#201;tats membres et son bras arm&#233; Frontex.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si l'ouverture d'une enqu&#234;te &#224; l'encontre de Leggeri, qui si&#232;ge au Parlement europ&#233;en comme eurod&#233;put&#233; du Rassemblement National, constitue une &#233;tape symbolique importante, il convient de rappeler que le mandat et les activit&#233;s de Frontex sont, depuis la cr&#233;ation de l'agence, intrins&#232;quement incompatibles avec le respect des droits fondamentaux. Les violations des droits commises en toute impunit&#233; avec la complicit&#233; de Frontex - d&#233;nonc&#233;es depuis 2004 par les ONG - avaient lieu avant la nomination de Leggeri et se sont poursuivies apr&#232;s sa d&#233;mission en 2022.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Frontex est l'instrument d'une politique r&#233;pressive de restriction des mobilit&#233;s qui a d&#233;montr&#233; &#234;tre incompatible avec le respect des droits. Dans le cadre du mandat de l'agence, denombreuses op&#233;rations ill&#233;gales ont &#233;t&#233; men&#233;es et largement document&#233;es : expulsions collectives, entraves au droit d'asile, refoulements massifs en pleine mer, non-assistance &#224; personne en danger, collaboration avec des milices libyennes pour intercepter des embarcations avant qu'elles n'atteignent les eaux territoriales europ&#233;ennes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis sa cr&#233;ation en 2004, son mandat, ses pr&#233;rogatives et ses moyens n'ont cess&#233; d'&#234;tre renforc&#233;s, et son budget a &#233;t&#233; d&#233;multipli&#233; ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es (passant de 6 millions d'euros en 2005 &#224; plus d'un milliard en 2026). En juin 2026, la Commission europ&#233;enne pr&#233;sentera au Parlement une 5e r&#233;vision du mandat de l'agence, visant &#224; &#233;largir encore ses activit&#233;s et moyens (recours accru aux technologies de surveillance, expulsions de pays tiers &#224; pays tiers, passage de 10 000 &#224; 30 000 agents).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si Frontex jouissait jusqu'ici d'une impunit&#233; structurelle, la Cour de justice de l'UE a consid&#233;r&#233; en d&#233;cembre 2025 que le droit de l'Union imposait &#224; Frontex des obligations en mati&#232;re de protection des droits fondamentaux&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, Revue de presse d&#233;cembre 2025, 5 janvier 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh4-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Il &#233;tait temps.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ces op&#233;rations visent &#224; &#171; emp&#234;cher physiquement les migrant&#183;e&#183;s de quitter le territoire de leur &#201;tat d'origine ou d'un &#201;tat de transit, ou &#224; les renvoyer de force vers ce territoire, avant qu'ils ne puissent atteindre la juridiction de leur &#201;tat de destination. Cela signifie que, contrairement au &#171; pushback &#187;, qui est effectu&#233; lorsqu'une personne franchit effectivement la fronti&#232;re, les &#171; pullbacks &#187; ont lieu avant cela &#187;. &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Migration/OHCHR-thematic-report-SAR-protection-at-sea.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Lethal Disregard&#8221; : Search and rescue and the protection of migrants in the central Mediterranean Sea&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Haut-Commissariat aux droits de l'Homme,mai 2021.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/69469/mediterranee--lue-va-financer-louverture-dun-centre-de-sauvetage-dans-lest-libyen-pour-intercepter-les-migrants-en-mer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;M&#233;diterran&#233;e : l'UE va financer l'ouverture d'un centre de sauvetage dans l'est libyen pour intercepter les migrants en mer&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 27 janvier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3548.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Actualit&#233;s de l'Union europ&#233;enne - d&#233;cembre 2025/f&#233;vrier 2026 &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 4 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de Mediterranea, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://mediterranearescue.org/it/news/ancora-milioni-di-euro-per-la-collaborazione-con-criminali-di-guerra-in-libia&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Ancora milioni di euro per la collaborazione con criminali di guerra in Libia}&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 9 janvier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment AP, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-business-health-libya-migration-a30dd342513aeeede5a7558de4c3089d&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrant abuses continue in Libya. So does EU border training&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 25 janvier 2022, et le rapportdu Conseil de l'Union europ&#233;enne &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21185907-libyan-coast-guard-and-navy-monitoring-four-months-report-august-november-2021/ du Co&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Four monthly Libyan coast guard and navy monitoring report &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, ao&#251;t-novembre 2021&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir, par exemple, le dernier rapport de l'OHCHR et de l'UNSMIL &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/reports/business-usual-human-rights-violations-and-abuses-against-migrants-asylum-seekers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Business as Usual : Human Rights Violations and Abuses against Migrants, Asylum-Seekers, and Refugees in Libya&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 17 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; conjoint &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://tunisiansolidarity.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Pour la lib&#233;ration de l'activiste Saadia Mosbah &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 10 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Comme l'ont d&#233;montr&#233; les r&#233;cents arrangements avec les Talibans en &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70091/lallemagne-expulse-20-criminels-afghans-vers-kaboul&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Afghanistan&lt;/a&gt;(2025) et avec la &lt;a href=&#034;https://turkishminute.com/2024/09/28/germany-turkey-odd-over-migrant-deportation-deal/?utm_source=chatgpt.com&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Turquie&lt;/a&gt; (2024), destin&#233;s &#224; acc&#233;l&#233;rer les expulsions de leurs ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s, les personnes afghanes et turques constituent une grande partie des populations exil&#233;es vivant en Allemagne.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3516.html?lang_article=fr#outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;Revue de presse d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/a&gt;, 5 janvier 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Conseil des droits de l'homme des Nations Unies, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session61/advance-version/a-hrc-61-62-auv.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic&lt;/a&gt; &#187; 12 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Cour constitutionnelle,&lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.const-court.be/public/f/2026/2026-023f.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;arr&#234;t n&#176; 23/2026&lt;/a&gt;, 26 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2025/04/belgium-persistent-failure-to-provide-reception-violates-rights-and-dignity-of-people-seeking-asylum/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Belgique. Les manquements persistants en mati&#232;re d'accueil bafouent les droits et la dignit&#233; des personnes en qu&#234;te d'asile&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 3 avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir la &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/Lettera_aperta_22052025.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;lettre ouverte&lt;/a&gt;sign&#233;e par les chefs d'&#201;tat de l'Italie, du Danemark, de l'Autriche, de la Belgique, de la R&#233;publique tch&#232;que, de l'Estonie, de la Lettonie, de la Lituanie et de la Pologne, 22 mai 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet le rapport de Border Violence Monitoring Network, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://borderviolence.eu/blog/clothes-in-rivers-backpacks-on-fire-the-visibility-of-border-crossings-and-illegal-pushbacks-at-the-croatian-bosnian-border&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Clothes in the river, backpacks on fire : The (in)visibility of pushbacks at the Croatian-Bosnian border &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 11 juin 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Asylum Information Database (AIDA),Conseil europ&#233;en pour les personnes r&#233;fugi&#233;es et exil&#233;es (ECRE), &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://asylumineurope.org/reports/country/croatia/reception-conditions/housing/conditions-reception-facilities/#&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Conditions in reception facilities : Croatia &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, derni&#232;re mise &#224; jour le 20 janvier&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir l'&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.globaldetentionproject.org/countries/europe/croatia&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;aper&#231;u g&#233;n&#233;rale de la Croatie&lt;/a&gt; du Global Detention Project, s.d.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voirla d&lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2025/1348/oj/fra&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#233;cision (UE) 2025/1348 du Conseil&lt;/a&gt;, 27 janvier 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop,&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3434.html&#034;&gt;Revue de presse juin 2025&lt;/a&gt;, 7 juillet 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet : Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2025/08/27/mauritanie-des-annees-dabus-lies-aux-controles-des-migrations&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritanie : Des ann&#233;es d'abus li&#233;s aux contr&#244;les des migrations&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 27 ao&#251;t 2025 ; ASGI &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.asgi.it/en/publication/morocco-border-policies-at-the-root-of-forced-disappearances-and-human-rights-violations/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Morocco : Border policies at the root of forced disappearances and human rights violations&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 14 avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Les m&#234;mes inqui&#233;tudes ont &#233;t&#233; soulev&#233;es concernant le r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;, adopt&#233; le 26 mars par le Parlement europ&#233;en. Voir &#224; ce sujet le communiqu&#233; conjoint &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?article7685&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;R&#232;glement retour : non &#224; une loi europ&#233;enne qui autorise les perquisitions &#224; domicile, la police dans les services publics et le profilage racial &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 23 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet The Guardian, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2026/mar/08/mahmoods-new-rules-will-leave-refugees-in-cruel-state-of-uncertainty&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mahmood's new rules will leave refugees in cruel state of uncertainty&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 8 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Scottish Refugee Council, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://scottishrefugeecouncil.org.uk/refugee-asylum-labour-changes-shabanamahmood/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Charities urge UK government to &#8216;step up' and be honest about realities of migration&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 5 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Migreurop,&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3482.html&#034;&gt;Revue de presse octobre 2025&lt;/a&gt;, 15 novembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/68956/uk-uses-visa-restrictions-to-pressure-african-countries-on-deportation-deals&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;UK uses visa restrictions to pressure African countries on deportation deals&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 30 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3560.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Adoption du r&#232;glement europ&#233;en &#171; retour &#187; : la mise &#224; mort du droit international&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 26 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibidem&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Notamment le &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.eeas.europa.eu/niger/lunion-europeenne-et-le-niger_fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;partenariat UE-Niger&lt;/a&gt; de 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3516.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Revue de presse d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/a&gt;, 5 janvier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
		<enclosure url="https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/draft_revue_de_presse_mars_2026-1.pdf" length="281357" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press review february 2026 </title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3552.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3552.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-03-10T17:11:48Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Egypte</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>German</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cyprus</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Spain</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Detention</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Freedom of movement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation of borders</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Monitoring and control </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Forced returns</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Egypt InfoMigrants, 'In Egypt, arrests of African refugees are increasing as part of a widespread crackdown,' 25 February 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Egypt has launched a campaign of arrests and deportations of migrant people in an effort to halt arrivals. Nearly 5,000 migrants have been detained in police stations for reasons related solely to immigration and several human rights organisations have denounced the ill-treatment and violence suffered in these places of deprivation of liberty. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Such violence is (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot193.html" rel="tag"&gt;Egypte&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot16.html" rel="tag"&gt;German&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot45.html" rel="tag"&gt;Cyprus&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot19.html" rel="tag"&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot55.html" rel="tag"&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Detention&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot178.html" rel="tag"&gt;Freedom of movement&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation of borders&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Monitoring and control &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Forced returns&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/14-3-90e9d.png?1773162937' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Egypt&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Egypt&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisia&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Germany&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Cyrprus&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Cyrprus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Spain&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italy&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sweden&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Sweden&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;The concept of &#034;safe countries&#034;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;The concept of &#034;safe countries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;The &#034;Return Regulation&#034; proposal&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;The &#034;Return Regulation&#034; (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Egypt&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70023/en-egypte-les-arrestations-de-refugies-africains-se-multiplient-dans-une-vaste-campagne-de-repression&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;In Egypt, arrests of African refugees are increasing as part of a widespread crackdown&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;,' 25 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Egypt has launched a campaign of arrests and deportations of migrant people in an effort to halt arrivals. Nearly 5,000 migrants have been detained in police stations for reasons related solely to immigration and several human rights organisations have denounced the ill-treatment and violence suffered in these places of deprivation of liberty.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Such violence is not unprecedented in Egypt, which systematically flouts its international responsibilities in terms of reception and protection (it has ratified the Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees): arbitrary detention&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Amnesty International's press release 'Egypt: Refugees forced into (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; of migrants and refoulement are common practice. Yet, the European Union and its Member States have continued to strengthen their relations with Egypt since the early 2000s. The EU-Egypt partnership concluded in March 2025, which includes 'cooperation on migration and mobility'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, EuroNews, &#8220;Brussels to announce &#8364;75 million in financial (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , and the recent approval of two texts on the concept of 'safe countries'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular: Amnesty International, 'European Union: Adoption of safe (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, consolidate the attempt to relocate the violation of fundamental rights to a 'third' country. Through this deadly security cooperation, the EU is indirectly responsible for these violations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/afrique/20260203-tunisie-migrants-camp-sfax-autorites-forcer-retours-volontaires&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;'Tunisia: authorities accused of forcing 'voluntary' returns of migrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 3 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since early 2026, the El Amra and Jebeniana camps in Tunisia have been the target of repeated police operations to dismantle them. The aim of these destruction, confiscations and thefts is to push sub-Saharan migrant people into 'voluntary return' to their countries of origin. Normally managed by the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), these returns are also organised and promoted in an opaque and informal manner via WhatsApp groups, probably in conjunction with the Tunisian authorities.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So-called 'voluntary' return is not a free choice in Tunisia, but the only choice possible in the absence of safe alternatives, effectively turning it into a disguised expulsion and thus an instrument of fundamental rights violations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard the collective action, 'Manifesto. Voluntary humanitarian (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Police operations, arbitrary detentions, refoulements or expulsions via 'voluntary returns' suffered by migrants, as well as growing racism in Tunisia, make the country a notoriously unsafe place for people on the move&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard the EuroMed Rights network fact sheet, 'Safe on paper, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Yet the EU and its Member States continue to entrust Tunisia with the management of migration to Europe through the 2023 Memorandum of Understanding between Tunisia and the EU, which was strongly supported by the Italian government&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Plein Droit No. 125 by Gisti, 'Tunisia, a land of (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, and the 'safe countries' legislation approved by the European Parliament in February 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Germany&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Politico, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/berlin-germany-extend-beefed-up-border-check/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Berlin to extend beefed-up border checks&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 16 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Germany will extend internal border controls, reintroduced in September 2024 and presented as an important part of the country's migration policy strategy, until September 2026.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;While free movement is the founding principle of the Schengen area, since 2024 the Schengen Borders Code (SBC) has allowed for the temporary reintroduction of internal controls for a maximum period of six months, except in cases of serious threats to public order or national security, which would justify an extension of up to two years&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Regulation (EU)2016/399, Schengen Borders Code.&#034; id=&#034;nh5-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Since then, ten states have reintroduced border controls: France (which had already reintroduced such controls de facto since 2015), Poland, Sweden, Austria, Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Italy, Germany and Slovenia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With the arrival of Friedrich Merz in government and the adoption of a more repressive migration policy, Germany's borders are becoming increasingly militarised and several cases of returns to countries such as Afghanistan and Pakistan have been documented. Despite the rulings of national courts&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, Euractiv, 'Germany: court rules that turning away asylum (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; and reports by human rights organisations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard the 2024 reports by Amnesty International and Human (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , the government has not changed its approach, citing the need to 'contain threats to order and security' posed by so-called 'uncontrolled' immigration&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See InfoMigrants, 'Germany to extend border checks by six months ', 17 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Germany thus establishes a causal link between migration and crime, even though no direct correlation between the two has been proven. It is more likely to be a biased perception, which can be explained, for example, by the over-representation of migrants in certain official statistics and the greater media visibility of offences committed by migrants compared to those committed by nationals&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Centre d'&#233;tudes prospectives et d'informations (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Nevertheless, this correlation is regularly exploited in the public debate to justify serious violations of the rights of migrant people, such as refoulement and racial profiling.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70091/lallemagne-expulse-20-criminels-afghans-vers-kaboul&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Germany deports 20 Afghan criminals to Kabul&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;,' 27 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 26 February, Germany directly deported 20 Afghan nationals who had been convicted by the courts to Afghanistan. In 2024, Olaf Scholz's government had already deported convicted Afghan nationals, but via Qatar, which was responsible for organising their return to Kabul. This is the first time since the Taliban took power in 2021 that an EU member state has carried out a direct deportation to Afghanistan, via an agreement reached in 2025 between the German government and the Taliban.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This informal agreement violates the principle of non-refoulement and sets a dangerous precedent. It is part of a broader attempt by several European states to push the EU to coordinate a strategy of direct deportations to Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, EuroNews, 'Nineteen EU countries and Norway demand (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . This attempt may well succeed, as the European Commission began negotiations with the Taliban a few months ago on 'returns'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, InfoMigrants, 'Expulsions of Afghans from the EU: the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . These practices risk normalising relations with a country that the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights has described as a 'graveyard for human rights'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cyrprus&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/https:/www.infomigrants.net/en/post/69874/cyprus-intensifies-migration-enforcement-operations&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cyprus intensifies migration enforcement operations&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 17 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since mid-December, police operations in Cyprus aimed at detecting migrants without the right to stay have intensified. According to the authorities, 160 people have been deported and 480 have made so-called 'voluntary' returns.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cyprus currently holds the six-month presidency of the Council of the EU and its current priority is to demonstrate its performance in border management. This policy is part of its bid to join the Schengen area, scheduled for later in 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cyprus has already been accused and found guilty of violating the rights of migrant people on several occasions (notably the refoulement of Syrian asylum seekers&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop, 'Press review for March 2025,' 1 April 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh5-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ), but these decisions have had no effect: on the contrary, the southern part of the island continues to benefit from EU support for its migration policies that violate rights&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the EU's financial support programmes for migration (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spain&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Telquel Maroc, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://telquel.ma/instant-t/2026/02/04/sur-cnn-pedro-sanchez-salue-lefficacite-de-la-cooperation-migratoire-avec-le-maroc_1973907/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;'On CNN, Pedro S&#225;nchez praises the effectiveness of migration cooperation with Morocco&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;,' 4 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Spanish Prime Minister Pedro S&#225;nchez said in an interview with CNN that cooperation with Morocco has significantly reduced so-called 'irregular' immigration to Spain, describing this bilateral partnership as essential for managing migration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This statement comes after the announced regularisation of 500,000 migrant people in Spain and S&#225;nchez's explicit opposition to the creation of 'return centres' outside European borders for rejected asylum seekers&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop, 'Press review for January 2026,' 29 January 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh5-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In reality, however, Spain systematically outsources the management of its borders, entrusting it in particular to Morocco and Mauritania&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See InfoMigrants, 'Canary Islands route: more than 60% drop in migrant (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Acting in line with the EU and its Member States, Spain bears responsibility for human rights violations against migrant people in these countries, which have been widely documented in several reports&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject: Human Rights Watch, 'Mauritania: Years of Abuse Linked (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il Post, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/02/11/governo-approva-ddl-accoglienza-migranti/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Il governo ha approvato un disegno di legge che limita l'accoglienza dei migranti&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 11 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Internazionale, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.internazionale.it/notizie/annalisa-camilli/2026/02/17/blocco-navale-immigrazione&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Il blocco navale che non &#232; un blocco navale&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 17 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 11 February, the Italian government approved a draft immigration bill introducing new restrictive measures in advance of the European Union's Pact on Migration and Asylum. Among other things, the text provides for a 'naval blockade' of up to six months for vaguely defined security reasons, with heavy fines and confiscation of the vessel in the event of non-compliance with the ban on navigation in Italian territorial waters. Furthermore, migrants on board may be transferred to so-called third countries other than their countries of origin, with which Italy has concluded formal or informal agreements. Other measures include facilitated expulsion procedures, stricter criteria for family reunification and subsidiary protection, and a reduction in the guarantees granted to unaccompanied minors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This bill contravenes international obligations on asylum and rescue at sea, and risks leading to collective refoulement at borders and on the high seas. In the wake of recent European legislation on the concept of 'safe countries', this bill exposes migrant people to serious human rights violations, particularly with regard to the individual examination of their asylum applications. Supported by the European Union, the Italian government continues to shirk its responsibilities in terms of reception and protection, and to systematically criminalise migrants and solidarity organisations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the joint statement against the draft law on the SOS M&#233;diterran&#233;e (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sweden&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/69959/a-18-ans-ils-perdent-le-droit-de-rester-dans-le-pays--vive-emotion-en-suede-autour-des-expulsions-dadolescents-etrangers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;At 18, they lose the right to stay in the country': strong emotions in Sweden over the deportation of foreign teenagers&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 20 February 2026 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In Sweden, many young migrant people are deported after reaching the age of majority. A reform adopted in 2016 stipulates that young people who reach the age of 18 before obtaining permanent resident status are no longer considered part of their parents' family unit. They are therefore no longer eligible for family reunification and are deprived of the right to stay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cases of deportation of these young people to their 'countries of origin', with which they have little or no actual connection, are on the rise in the current context of Sweden's increasingly harsh migration policies&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the sections on Sweden in Migreurop, 'Press review 2025,' 1 January 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh5-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . It is becoming increasingly difficult for minors to obtain permanent resident status: family reunification applications are often processed with delays that result in some young people losing their protection&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the Human Rights Watch press release on this subject, 'Sweden Deporting (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Guarantees for families are being weakened, and Sweden is flouting its international obligations to respect private and family life and the best interests of the child.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2026/feb/05/home-office-60000-deported-removed-since-2024-election-migration&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Home Office says nearly 60,000 people deported from UK or left voluntarily since 2024 election&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 5 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The UK government claims to have deported 60,000 criminals and migrants without the right to remain since Labour came to power (July 2024). According to some, the recent increase in deportations is the result of a desperate attempt to counter the far right (Reform UK is ahead of Labour in recent polls) through populist and criminalising rhetoric. In the wake of this, the United Kingdom has announced on several occasions its intention to introduce measures into its legislation aimed at limiting appeals against deportations by circumventing the application of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). In particular, this would be done through laws aimed at restricting the interpretation of Articles 3 (prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment) - which, however, allows for no exceptions&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;G&#228;fgen v. Germany [GC], no.22978/05%7D] , &#167; 107, ECHR 2010&#034; id=&#034;nh5-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; - and 8 (right to respect for private and family life).&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See The Guardian, &#8220;What does the UK want to change about human rights law &#8211; (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;However, these laws are not included among the asylum reform measures that (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The country is among those that signed an open letter in 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, the joint statement by 27 European countries calling for (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; calling for a more restrictive interpretation of these two articles, which could allow the expulsion of migrant people even in cases of dangerous returns&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard The Guardian, 'UK joins call for Europe's human rights (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The United Kingdom thus joins the ranks of states that are challenging international law or seeking to adapt it to subordinate it to the dominant anti-migration ideology.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The concept of &#034;safe countries&#034;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/02/10/le-parlement-europeen-adopte-definitivement-deux-textes-cles-pour-durcir-la-politique-migratoire_6666154_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;European Parliament adopts two key texts to tighten &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;migration policy&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;,' 10 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 10 February, the European Parliament adopted two texts on the concept of 'safe countries', thanks to an alliance between the right and the far right. The first establishes a common list of countries of origin considered 'safe', including Tunisia, Morocco, Colombia, Kosovo, Egypt, India and Bangladesh. Member States will have to apply accelerated procedures to examine asylum applications from nationals of these countries, on the assumption that they do not, a priori, need protection. The second text, on 'safe third countries', allows any asylum application from persons who have transited through one of these countries to be declared inadmissible and for them to be deported there.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, systematic human rights violations have been widely documented in these countries considered 'safe' by the EU&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See EuroMed Rights, &#8216;Stop considering Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco as &#8220;safe&#8221; (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Furthermore, no one can guarantee that a country is safe for all its nationals.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The EU is thus shirking its responsibilities in terms of asylum, putting in place a punitive system of mass deportations and systematising the violation of the principle of non-refoulement and the right to an individual examination of asylum applications.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=19&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The &#034;Return Regulation&#034; proposal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/feb/16/eu-deportations-plan-ice-style-enforcement-rights-groups-warn&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;EU's deportations plan risks ICE-style enforcement, rights groups warn&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 16 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The EU is currently negotiating the 'Return Regulation', which aims to replace the 2008 Return Directive, the framework for detention and deportation within the EU, and which would, among other things, extend and normalise raids and surveillance measures in Member States. Member States would be required to 'detect' persons without the right to stay , thereby transforming everyday spaces and public services into tools of control, similar toBrigitte Espuche2026-03-09T11:23:00BEexplain what it is&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ICE in the United States (Immigration and Customs Enforcement)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;ICE: US agency responsible for immigration and customs enforcement, known (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;More than 80 associations have signed a statement warning that this regulation 'would consolidate a punitive system, fuelled by far-right rhetoric and based on racialised suspicion, denunciation, detention and deportation'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the joint statement on the PICUM website, &#8220;No to EU law enabling home (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The draft Return Regulation stems from a proposal by the European Commission in March 2025. It was approved in a more repressive version on 9 March by the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE), at the instigation of an alliance between the right and the far right and will be voted on in plenary in the coming days. The proposed measures include expanding coercive measures, facilitating forced expulsions and legalising outsourcing practices. This is yet another attack on the rights of migrant people and the European democratic order.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_5919 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;28&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/press_review_february_2026.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 1.4 MiB' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/14-3-f8cf0.png?1773218527' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Press review february 2026
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Amnesty International's press release '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.fr/communiques/egypte-des-personnes-refugiees-vivent-cachees-en-raison-des-arrestations-arbitraires-et-des-expulsions-illegales-menees-dans-un-contexte-de-repression/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Egypt: Refugees forced into hiding due to arbitrary arrests and illegal deportations amid crackdown&lt;/a&gt;', 16 February 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, EuroNews, &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/10/22/bruxelles-va-annoncer-une-aide-financiere-de-75-millions-deuros-au-caire&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Brussels to announce &#8364;75 million in financial aid to&lt;/a&gt; Cairo&#8221;, 22 October 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular: Amnesty International, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.fr/communiques/union-europeenne-ladoption-de-regles-sur-les-pays-surs-est-une-nouvelle-attaque-contre-le-droit-dasile/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;European Union: Adoption of safe country rules is a new attack on the right to asylum&lt;/a&gt;,' 11 February 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard the collective action, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3395.html&#034;&gt;Manifesto. Voluntary humanitarian refusal: a choice you cannot refuse&lt;/a&gt;,' 1 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard the EuroMed Rights network fact sheet, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/tunisia-infosheet-fr.pdf&#034;&gt;'Safe on paper, dangerous in reality: Tunisia and the EU's return policy&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/tunisia-infosheet-fr.pdf&#034;&gt;'&lt;/a&gt; 20 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Plein Droit No. 125 by Gisti, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?article6468&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisia, a land of welcome... for European policies&lt;/a&gt;,' June 2020; Lawyers Without Borders '&lt;a href=&#034;https://asf.be/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/ASF_Italie-Tunisie_FR.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Italy-Tunisia migration agreements: human costs and security abuses&lt;/a&gt;,' report, 11 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Regulation (EU)&lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/399/oj?locale=fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;2016/399&lt;/a&gt;, Schengen Borders Code.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, Euractiv, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/allemagne-un-tribunal-juge-illegaux-les-refoulements-de-demandeurs-dasile-a-la-frontiere/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Germany: court rules that turning away asylum seekers at the border is illegal&lt;/a&gt;', 2 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard the 2024 reports by &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/europe-and-central-asia/western-central-and-south-eastern-europe/germany/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Amnesty International&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2025/country-chapters/germany&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Human Rights Watch&lt;/a&gt; on the human rights situation in Germany&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See InfoMigrants, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/69883/germany-to-extend-border-checks-by-six-months&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Germany to extend border checks by six months&lt;/a&gt; ', 17 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Centre d'&#233;tudes prospectives et d'informations internationales (CEPII), '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cepii.fr/PDF_PUB/lettre/2023/let436.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Immigration and crime: realities and perceptions&lt;/a&gt;,' April 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, EuroNews, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/10/18/nineteen-eu-countries-and-norway-demand-measures-to-return-afghans-either-voluntarily-or-f&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Nineteen EU countries and Norway demand measures to return Afghans either voluntarily or forcibly&lt;/a&gt; ', 18 October 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, InfoMigrants, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/67635/expulsions-dafghans-depuis-lue--la-commission-europeenne-annonce-discuter-avec-les-taliban&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Expulsions of Afghans from the EU: the European Commission announces talks with the Taliban&lt;/a&gt;,' 21 October 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3402.html&#034;&gt;Press review for March 2025&lt;/a&gt;,' 1 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the &lt;a href=&#034;https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/migration-management-cyprus/financial-support-eu_en&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;EU's financial support programmes&lt;/a&gt; for migration management in Cyprus&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3536.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Press review for January 2026&lt;/a&gt;,' 29 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See InfoMigrants, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/69028/route-des-canaries--chute-de-plus-de-60-des-arrivees-de-migrants-dans-larchipel-espagnol-en-2025&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Canary Islands route: more than 60% drop in migrant arrivals in the Spanish archipelago in 2025&lt;/a&gt;,' 5 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject: Human Rights Watch, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2025/08/27/mauritanie-des-annees-dabus-lies-aux-controles-des-migrations&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritania: Years of Abuse Linked to Migration Controls&lt;/a&gt;', 27 August 2025; ASGI '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.asgi.it/en/publication/morocco-border-policies-at-the-root-of-forced-disappearances-and-human-rights-violations/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Morocco: Border policies at the root of forced disappearances and human rights violations&lt;/a&gt;', 14 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the joint statement against the draft law on the SOS M&#233;diterran&#233;e website, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://sosmediterranee.fr/communiques-et-declarations/declaration-commune-pays-dits-surs-et-blocus-naval-le-gouvernement-italien-sattaque-aux-ong-de-sauvetage-en-mer/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;So-called 'safe' countries and 'naval blockade': the Italian government attacks sea rescue NGOs and the rights of migrants&lt;/a&gt;,' 12 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the sections on Sweden in Migreurop, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3531.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Press review 2025&lt;/a&gt;,' 1 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the Human Rights Watch press release on this subject, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/02/19/sweden-deporting-young-people&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Sweden Deporting Young People&lt;/a&gt;', 19 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;G&#228;fgen v. Germany [GC], no.&lt;a href=&#034;https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#%7B%22appno%22:[%2222978/05%22&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;22978/05&lt;/a&gt;%7D] , &#167; 107, ECHR 2010&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See The Guardian, &#8220;What does the UK want to change about human rights law &#8211; and will it happen?&#8221;, 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;However, these laws are not included among the asylum reform measures that came into force at the beginning of March&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, the joint statement by 27 European countries calling for a more restrictive interpretation of Articles 3 and 8 of the ECHR, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-to-the-conference-of-ministers-of-justice-of-the-council-of-europe&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Joint Statement to the Conference of Ministers of Justice of the Council of Europe&lt;/a&gt;', 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard The Guardian, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/dec/10/uk-joins-call-for-europes-human-rights-laws-to-be-constrained&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;UK joins call for Europe's human rights laws to be 'constrained'&lt;/a&gt; ,' 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See EuroMed Rights, &lt;a href=&#034;https://euromedrights.org/fr/publication/arretez-de-considerer-legypte-la-tunisie-et-le-maroc-comme-des-pays-surs/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Stop considering Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco as &#8220;safe&#8221; countries!&lt;/a&gt;', 16 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;ICE: US agency responsible for immigration and customs enforcement, known for its coercive practices and intimidating raids against migrants&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the joint statement on the PICUM website, &lt;a href=&#034;https://picum.org/blog/no-to-eu-law-enabling-home-raids-policing-of-public-services-and-racial-profiling/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;No to EU law enabling home raids, policing of public services and racial&lt;/a&gt; profiling&#8221;, 11 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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