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	<title>MIGREUROP</title>
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<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press Review March 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3572.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3572.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-04-08T15:12:53Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Libya</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>German</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Belgium</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Croatia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Bosnia and Herzegovina</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Spain</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Portugal</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Nigeria</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Criminalisation of solidarities</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Detention</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Forced returns</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Monitoring and control </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Libya InfoMigrants, &#8216;Mediterranean: 2,500 migrants intercepted at sea and forcibly returned to Libya since the start of 2026', 12 March 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Since the beginning of 2026, more than 2,500 migrants have been intercepted in the Mediterranean by the Libyan coastguard and forcibly returned to Libya. These interceptions are carried out on the basis of an agreement concluded in 2017 between Italy and Libya, which provides for logistical and financial support from Italy and the European Union to (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot39.html" rel="tag"&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot16.html" rel="tag"&gt;German&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot22.html" rel="tag"&gt;Belgium&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot180.html" rel="tag"&gt;Croatia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot31.html" rel="tag"&gt;Bosnia and Herzegovina&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot19.html" rel="tag"&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot27.html" rel="tag"&gt;Portugal&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot55.html" rel="tag"&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot229.html" rel="tag"&gt;Nigeria&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot172.html" rel="tag"&gt;Criminalisation of solidarities&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Detention&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Forced returns&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Monitoring and control &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/visuel_rp_1_-2-df049.png?1775661276' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libya&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisia&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Germany&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Belgium&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Belgium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Croatia/Bosnia and Herzegovina&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Croatia/Bosnia and Herzegovina&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Spain&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Portugal&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Portugal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sweden&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Sweden&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom/Nigeria&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;United Kingdom/Nigeria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Adoption of the Return Regulation&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;Adoption of the Return Regulat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;EU/Nigeria agreement&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_11'&gt;EU/Nigeria agreement&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Frontex&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_12'&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Libya&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70330/mediterranee--2-500-migrants-interceptes-en-mer-et-ramenes-de-force-en-libye-depuis-le-debut-de-lannee-2026&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Mediterranean: 2,500 migrants intercepted at sea and forcibly returned to Libya since the start of&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; 2026', 12 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since the beginning of 2026, more than 2,500 migrants have been intercepted in the Mediterranean by the Libyan coastguard and forcibly returned to Libya. These interceptions are carried out on the basis of an agreement concluded in 2017 between Italy and Libya, which provides for logistical and financial support from Italy and the European Union to the Libyan authorities in order to prevent departures to Europe. An informal agreement that has effectively established a mechanism of systematic &#8216;pullbacks'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;These operations aim to &#8220;physically prevent migrants from leaving the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; : interceptions at sea, coordinated by the European agency Frontex, followed by the forced return of people to the Libyan coast by local authorities, who are formally responsible for the search and rescue (SAR) zone. Migrants are then detained in Libyan camps. It is against this backdrop that the European Commission's recent decision to fund the construction of a Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (MRCC) in Benghazi&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject InfoMigrants, &#8220;Mediterranean: EU to fund opening of (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; has been taken. The project, promoted by the Italian government, extends the &#8216;pullback' mechanism to eastern Libya, complementing the centre already operational in Tripoli. Furthermore, the management of the new centre could be linked to the Tareq Ben Zayed militia, which controls the territory and is suspected of being involved in the attack on the humanitarian vessel Ocean Viking in August 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Migreurop, &#8220;European Union News &#8211; December 2025/February (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Over the years, the cooperation between the European Union and Libya has facilitated the refoulement, arbitrary detention and torture of thousands of people&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the press release from Mediterranea, &#8220;More millions of (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. A confidential European Union report from 2022&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular AP, &#8220;Migrant abuses continue in Libya. So does EU border (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; also notes &#8220;excessive use of force, disproportionate acts and armed violence&#8221; during interceptions at sea by the Libyan authorities. Furthermore, the conditions of detention for migrants in Libya have been the subject of numerous alerts due to serious human rights violations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, for example, the latest report by the OHCHR and UNSMIL, &#8220;Business as (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Libya offers no guarantee of protection in line with international standards on protection and asylum. Despite this, European and Italian funding, aimed at outsourcing the management of migration to this unsafe country, continues to pour in.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC N&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ews &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Africa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/czexg1nklkwo&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Prominent anti-racism activist in Tunisia sentenced to eight years in prison'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 21 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Tunis Court of First Instance has sentenced anti-racism activist Saadia Mosbah to eight years in prison and a heavy fine for &#8220;money laundering&#8221; and &#8220;illicit enrichment&#8221;. This verdict comes against a backdrop of increasing criminalisation of migrant rights defenders in Tunisia. In recent years, Mosbah, president of the Mn&#232;mty association, has been at the forefront of defending the rights of migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, against President Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed's racist rhetoric and policies. For the past two years, Mn&#232;mty and many other organisations supporting migrants have been targeted by a wave of repression: government-orchestrated smear campaigns on social media, and the arrest and prosecution of activists. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The criminalisation of Tunisian civil society continues with the tacit consent of the European Union, which has granted over &#8364;100 million in funding to Tunisia under a migration deal concluded in 2023, aimed at preventing migrants from crossing the Mediterranean. Mosbah and the convicted activists are now paying the price for this arrangement&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the joint statement &#8220;For the release of activist Saadia (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; : by supporting Sa&#239;ed's migration policy with the aim of deterring departures, the EU bears responsibility for the arbitrary arrests of human rights defenders in Tunisia and for the violations of their fundamental rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Germany&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Info&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Migrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70638/allemagne--apres-la-visite-dalcharaa-merz-espere-un-retour-massif-des-refugies-syriens&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Germany: following al-Charaa's visit, Merz hopes for a mass return of Syrian refugees'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 31 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;During a visit by Syrian President Ahmed al-Charaa to Berlin on Monday 30 March, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz stated his intention to deport, in the medium term, 80% of Syrian refugees currently in Germany. According to him, there would no longer be any reason for these people to remain on German soil following the fall of the Assad regime.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The idea of deporting such a large number of people reveals a xenophobic and racist approach, aimed at getting rid of those considered &#8216;undesirable' on German soil as quickly as possible and at any cost&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;As demonstrated by recent agreements with the Taliban in Afghanistan (2025) (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Furthermore, Syria remains a deeply unstable country, marked by the destruction of essential infrastructure. In October 2025, the German Foreign Minister stated during a visit to the country that it was &#8220;practically impossible for people to live there with dignity in the short term&#8221;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Migreurop, Press Review December 2025, 5 January 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Serious human rights violations also continue to be documented in the country. On 12 March, the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic presented its latest report to the United Nations Human Rights Council, revealing that the political transition remains undermined by human rights violations such as extrajudicial executions, acts of torture and ill-treatment, as well as enforced disappearances&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;United Nations Human Rights Council, &#8216;Report of the Independent (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Under these circumstances, the safety of the deported nationals cannot be guaranteed, and Germany risks becoming complicit in such human rights violations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Belgium&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Politi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;co&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/belgium-migration-asylum-seeker-court-suspension-anneleen-van-bossuyt/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Belgium to press ahead with restriction on asylum-seekers despite court decision'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 4 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Belgian Constitutional Court has temporarily suspended a measure aimed at restricting access to material reception conditions for migrants who have already been granted protection in another EU Member State. The Court emphasised that this provision could cause &#8220;serious and difficult-to-repair harm&#8221; by exposing people to precarious circumstances&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Constitutional Court, Judgment No. 23/2026, 26 February 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Despite this suspension, the Belgian government has stated its intention to continue applying this measure in order to &#8220;avoid overburdeningthe reception system&#8221;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since 2021, the Belgian authorities have refused to adapt this system to the increase in asylum applications, exposing many migrants to undignified living conditions, without access to healthcare or appropriate accommodation. More than 12,000 rulings by national and international courts have ordered Belgium to provide dignified reception. Yet these rulings have been systematically ignored and circumvented, particularly since the new government came to power in 2023, adopting a more restrictive migration policy&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Amnesty International &#8220;Belgium. Persistent shortcomings (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. This disregard for Belgian court rulings is part of a broader context of challenges to national, European and international law on migration: it comes as no surprise that the country features on the list of states that signed an open letter in 2025 calling for a more flexible interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights, in particular Article 3 (prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment) and Article 8 (protection of private and family life)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the open letter signed by the Heads of State of Italy, Denmark, Austria, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Belgium has thus chosen to protect its borders from an imagined migration threat, in defiance of human rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Croatia/Bosnia and Herzegovina&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;In&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;foM&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;igrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/70231/migration-management-measures-reinforced-in-bosnia-herzegovina-and-croatia residents'&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;On the border between Croatia and Bosnia, the construction of a reception centre divides&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 13 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Croatia recently announced the construction of a new &#8220;reception centre&#8221; for migrants on its border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the same time, the European agency Frontex plans to increase the presence of its officers in Bosnia, which the EU considers a major &#8220;geopolitical investment&#8221; in the management of migration flows. The stated aim is to achieve a &#8220;high level&#8221; of cooperation with the Bosni an border police in the &#8220;fight against illegal immigration and the prevention of cross-border crime&#8221;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Bosnia and Herzegovina is a candidate for accession to the European Union and constitutes a stop on the Balkan migration route: a key location for the consolidation of &#8216;Fortress Europe'. Its border with Croatia is notoriously marked by impunity for human rights violations committed by Croatian and Bosnian authorities&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard the report by the Border Violence Monitoring Network, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The pushbacks of migrants attempting to reach European soil are rife, and asylum seekers who manage to reach Croatia are placed in asylum seeker centres (currently two in the country) under appalling conditions. Access to healthcare is limited, hygiene conditions are poor, and cases of arbitrary rejection of certain applications for protection have been documented&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the Asylum Information Database (AIDA) and the European (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Reports have also highlighted that the Croatian authorities have been implicated in the arbitrary detention and torture of people in so-called &#8216;irregular' situations in ad hoc facilities&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the Global Detention Project's overview of Croatia, n.d.&#034; id=&#034;nh16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The construction of a centre on the border risks leading to an increase in such situations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In this context, the increased presence of Frontex (which operates in Bosnia under a status agreementsigned in 2025 between the EU and Sarajevo&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;SeeCouncil Decision (EU) 2025/1348, 27 January 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ) risks contributing to the human rights violations described above. All the more so given that, under this agreement (Article 12), the agency enjoys immunity for all acts carried out as part of a joint operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, before any criminal, civil or administrative court in the country&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Migreurop, Press Review June 2025, 7 July 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spain&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;La &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Vanguardia&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20260310/11486000/gobierno-garantiza-sanidad-publica-personas-inmigrantes-situacion-irregular.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Undocumented migrants will be able to access healthcare by making a sworn statement&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 10 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since 10 March 2026, the Spanish healthcare system has been open to people without the necessary documents to reside in the country. This measure removes administrative barriers that previously prevented many people from accessing medical care. Under the new rules, anyone able to prove their residence in Spain can apply for healthcare coverage at their local health centre and immediately benefit from temporary cover whilst their application is being processed. As the Spanish Minister of Health emphasised, this measure &#8220;aims to ensure fairness and prevent inequalities&#8221;, whilst enabling &#8220;better monitoring of illnesses in primary care and a more efficient use of public resources&#8221;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This decision follows an &#8216;extraordinary' regularisation measure for migrants (2026) and the Spanish government's explicit refusal to support the European &lt;i&gt;&#8216;&lt;/i&gt;returnhubs' project (countries outside Europe to which people without the right to stay in Europe would be deported), established by the Return Regulation, the negotiating mandate for which was confirmed on 26 March by the European Parliament. It should nevertheless be noted that Spain continues to outsource the management of migration, particularly to Morocco and Mauritania, which makes it complicit in the human rights violations committed against people on the move in these countries&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject: Human Rights Watch, &#8220;Mauritania: Years of abuses linked (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Portugal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Po&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;rtug&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;al &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Post, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://theportugalpost.com/posts/portugal-tightens-immigration-laws-detention-extended-to-18-months-and-deportation-rules-transformed&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Portugal Tightens Immigration Laws: Detention Extended to 18 Months and Deportation Rules Transformed&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 19 March 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Portuguese government has approved a bill marking a further step in the repressive shift in its policy towards migrants. The maximum period of administrative detention for people without the right to stay has been extended (from 60 to 540 days) and those who apply for protection after entering the country outside authorised border posts will be subject to stricter coercive measures, including detention, while their case is being examined. The text also introduces an entry ban in the event of forced expulsion for up to five years, a period which may be extended in the event of a criminal conviction or a threat to national security. Furthermore, lodging an application for protection will no longer suspend the deportation procedure, and finally, any person without the right to reside is subject to an &#8216;obligation to leave voluntarily' (!) : those concerned must leave the country without waiting for formal notification, on pain of forced deportation and therefore a ban on entry. This reform removes the interim period between formal notification and the actual loss of the right to reside, a period which until now allowed individuals to regularise their administrative status or consult a lawyer. It should be noted that, according to the text, these forced removal measures will not apply to minors under the age of 16. The draft bill is currently under parliamentary scrutiny.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Several organisations defending the rights of migrants have condemned this as a political manoeuvre by the centre-right coalition aimed at appealing to a more conservative electorate in the run-up to future elections. This strategy is part of a broader trend observed in other European states where migrants are being exploited for electoral purposes, with a populist agenda.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With the adoption of a new European regulation on the return of persons without the right to reside in the EU, which is directly applicable in Member States, measures against migrants awaiting deportation are set to become even harsher.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sweden&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mon&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;de&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/03/24/la-suede-presente-un-projet-de-loi-qui-prevoit-d-expulser-les-migrants-qui-ne-menent-pas-une-vie-honnete_6674072_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Sweden presents a bill to deport migrants who do not lead an &#8216;honest life'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 24 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;I&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/europe/20260325-su%C3%A8de-le-gouvernement-poursuit-un-projet-de-loi-visant-%C3%A0-d%C3%A9noncer-les-migrants-sans-titre-de-s%C3%A9jour&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;Sweden: government pushes ahead with bill to report migrants without residence&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; permits'&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 25 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At the end of March, the Swedish government presented two bills aimed at stepping up the deportation of migrants. The first provides for the deportation of migrants who do not lead an &#8216;honest life'. The second would oblige six public administrations (the employment agency, social security, the prison service, the debt collection agency, the pensions authority and the tax authority) to report to the police those suspected of so-called &#8220;irregular&#8221; residence. It also introduces new grounds for revoking residence permits when a person is considered a &#8216;threat' to public order or national security, or when they have provided inaccurate information in their application.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The first measure causes serious concern due to its vague and discretionary nature. What criteria would be used to define an &#8216;honest life'? What methods would be employed to assess an individual's alleged moral character? This measure, which relies on deeply subjective assessments, would pave the way for the establishment of two parallel normative systems. Statements that are not criminally punishable could thus lead to the deportation of migrants, whereas they would have no legal consequences for Swedish citizens. Furthermore, there is a risk of creating a chilling effect on freedom of expression and of reinforcing self-censorship among migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The second bill is part of a broader, Europe-wide drive to strengthen widespread surveillance of private and public spaces in order to &#8216;flush out' those without the right to reside. It would accentuate the role of government agencies as tools of control, threatening the right to privacy due to the potential sharing of sensitive data, encouraging racial profiling and discrimination based on appearance, and creating ethical dilemmas for public sector professionals&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;The same concerns have been raised regarding the &#8216;Return' Regulation, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gu&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ardian&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2026/mar/05/what-are-shabana-mahmoods-changes-to-the-asylum-system&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8216;What are Shabana Mahmood's changes to the asylum system?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 5 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 5 March, the British Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood announced the implementation of new measures on migration and asylum. Refugee status is now reduced from five years to 30 months (renewable). At the end of this period, if the third country is considered safe, its nationals may be deported there. Furthermore, the period required to obtain permanent resident status has been extended from 10 to 20 years, the obligation to provide public financial support to asylum seekers has been suspended, and up to &#163;40,000 will be offered to families whose asylum applications have been rejected to return voluntarily to their country: if they refuse, the authorities will be able to use force, including against minors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The latest in a long line of tightening measures in UK immigration policy, this new set of repressive measures strays from the spirit, if not the letter, of the human rights conventions to which the United Kingdom is a State part. Firstly, migrant people will be kept in a state of constant uncertainty, preventing them from rebuilding their lives and exposing them to a constant threat of deportation&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, on this subject, The Guardian, &#8216;Mahmood's new rules will leave refugees (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Furthermore, the possibility of forcibly returning families whose asylum applications have been or will be rejected risks violating the right to respect for private and family life, protected by Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, as well as the principle of the best interests of the child, enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child and recognised by all European human rights instruments. Finally, the forced return of nationals from countries considered safe could constitute a form of discrimination based on nationality.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Several British civil society organisations have condemned these developments in a joint statement. They are calling on the government to suspend the reduction in the duration of refugee status, describing the UK policy as &#8216;performative cruelty', a source of instability, injustice and inefficiency&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Scottish Refugee Council, &#8220;Charities urge UK government to (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom/Nigeria&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crm1w24p8p7o&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;UK agrees deal to ease migrant returns to Nigeria&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#8221;, 19 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 19 March, the UK and Nigeria reached an agreement aimed at speeding up the deportation of Nigerian nationals who do not have the right to remain, have been convicted by the courts, or whose asylum applications have been rejected. From now on, the British authorities will no longer have to wait for Nigeria to issue consular laissez-passer to proceed with a deportation: the Nigerian authorities will accept identification documents issued by the United Kingdom (the &lt;i&gt;&#8216;UK &lt;/i&gt;letters'). The agreement also provides for enhanced cooperation in the fight against &#8220;smuggling networks&#8221;. In this regard, Nigeria has committed to reviewing its national legislation to ensure harsher penalties for &#8220;migration-related offences&#8221;, which risks leading to increased criminalisation of migrants, as well as solidarity organisations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The use of informal documents such as &lt;i&gt;UK letters &lt;/i&gt;could lead to arbitrary deportations, due to unilateral identification (identity and nationality) of the person forcibly returned by the UK. This measure could also infringe upon the right to private and family life of Nigerians residing in the UK.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This agreement marks a new stage in the &#8216;return diplomacy'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Migreurop, Press review October 2025, 15 November 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; pursued by the UK since Keir Starmer's government came to power. As early as September 2025, Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood had implemented a strategy to suspend the issuance of visas for nationals of certain African countries (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Angola) as a means of pressure to secure more &#8216;effective' cooperation from these countries in the readmission of deported individuals&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See InfoMigrants, &#8220;UK uses visa restrictions to pressure African countries (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Adoption of the Return Regulation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lib&#233;ration&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/le-parlement-europeen-en-passe-dapprouver-des-hubs-de-retour-pour-migrants-20260326_2ORGECM5GVEDHKBQ4HXLG7FVFM/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;European Parliament approves creation of &#8216;return hubs' for migrants outside the EU&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 26 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 26 March 2026, the European Parliament confirmed in plenary the negotiating mandate adopted by the LIBE Committee for a new common system regarding the expulsion of third-country nationals without the right to reside in the Union (known as the &#8216;Return Regulation'), resulting from an alliance between the right and the far right. Among the measures envisaged: systematic detention for all migrants (extension of the grounds for detention, maximum detention period increased to 24 months and cumulative across Member States, possibility of detention in prisons); deportations to third countries (&lt;i&gt;return hubs&lt;/i&gt;), without effective oversight by European institutions and without a suspension clause in the event of rights violations; an acceleration of forced returns through the mutual recognition of deportation measures between Member States, potentially without individual review, and which may be enforced prior to any final decision; in certain cases, permanent entry bans into EU territory are envisaged.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The umpteenth milestone in the war on migrants that began 30 years ago, this regulation consolidates the long-standing erosion of rights, crossing new red lines. It risks leading, in very concrete terms, to dangerous returns, violations of the right to an effective remedy and the principle of non-refoulement, and exposing people on the move to inhuman and degrading treatment&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the Migreurop press release,&#8220;Adoption of the European (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The speed of this vote is also worrying, as the proposed text was adopted by the European Parliament barely a year after the Commission's proposal. This reveals that the far-right agenda is now taking hold at the highest levels of the European institutions: in the wake of the European Pact, the Return Regulation enshrines a reshaping of EU law to adapt it to a racist, anti-migration and anti-democratic ideology&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid.&#034; id=&#034;nh26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_11&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;EU/Nigeria agreement&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euobserv&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;er&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://euobserver.com/208101/eu-offers-cash-and-defence-deal-as-it-inks-migrant-returns-pact-with-nigeria/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; hreflang=&#034;en&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;EU offers cash and defence deal as it links migrant returns pact with Nigeria&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, 23 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nigeria and the European Union have concluded an agreement for the return of Nigerian nationals without the right to reside in the EU, in exchange for &#8364;288 million in funding for digitalisation, the modernisation of the health sector and agricultural value chains in Nigeria.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The agreement illustrates the European trend of linking cooperation on deportations to promises of economic and diplomatic benefits (the &#8216;cash-for-migrants' approach), to the detriment of the fundamental rights of displaced persons. Nigeria is indeed facing growing insecurity, high inflation, violence by local armed groups, allegations of torture and deep-seated exclusion of young people, exacerbated by a decline in civil and political freedoms. In this context, the deportation of Nigerian nationals from the EU could expose some individuals to inhuman and degrading treatment and social exclusion, due to limited prospects for reintegration. Furthermore, similar informal agreements in the Sahel region have coincided with harsh anti-migration laws, the criminalisation of civil society, and the militarisation of borders, contributing to the normalisation of repression under the guise of ensuring &#8216;stability' and &#8216;order'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;In particular the 2022 EU-Niger partnership&#034; id=&#034;nh27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; at the national level.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_12&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Frontex&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Le Monde,&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2026/03/24/fabrice-leggeri-ex-directeur-de-frontex-et-eurodepute-rn-vise-par-une-enquete-pour-complicite-de-crimes-contre-l-humanite_6674028_3224.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Fabrice Leggeri, former director of Frontex and RN MEP, under investigation for complicity in crimes against humanity'&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 24 March 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Following a complaint lodged by NGOs (the Human Rights League and Utopia 56) in April 2024, anU e investigation was opened in France against Fabrice Leggeri, former director of Frontex (2015&#8211;2022) and far-right MEP (Patriots for Europe group). He is accused of complicity in crimes against humanity and the crime of torture, in connection with acts of , pushbacks and failure to assist refugees at sea, linked to the deterrence practices implemented by Member States and their enforcement arm, Frontex.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Whilst the opening of an investigation into Leggeri, who sits in the European Parliament as an MEP for the National Rally, represents an important symbolic step, it should be noted that Frontex's mandate and activities have, since the agency's creation, been fundamentally incompatible with respect for fundamental rights. The rights violations committed with impunity and with the complicity of Frontex &#8211; denounced by NGOs since 2004 &#8211; took place before Leggeri's appointment and continued after his resignation in 2022.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Frontex is the instrument of a repressive policy of mobility restriction that has proven to be incompatible with respect for rights. Within the framework of the agency's mandate, numerous illegal operations have been carried out and extensively documented: collective expulsions, obstruction of the right to asylum, mass pushbacks on the high seas, failure to assist persons in danger, and collaboration with Libyan militias to intercept boats before they reach European territorial waters.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since its creation in 2004, its mandate, powers and resources have been continually strengthened, and its budget has multiplied in recent years (rising from &#8364;6 million in 2005 to over &#8364;1 billion in 2026). In June 2026, the European Commission will present to Parliament a fifth revision of the agency's mandate, aimed at further expanding its activities and resources (increased use of surveillance technologies, third-country removals, and an increase in staff from 10,000 to 30,000).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Whilst Frontex had hitherto enjoyed structural impunity, in December 2025 the Court of Justice of the EU ruled that EU law imposed obligations on Frontex regarding the protection of fundamental rights&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject Migreurop, Press review December 2025, 5 January 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . It was about time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;These operations aim to &#8220;physically prevent migrants from leaving the territory of their country of origin or a transit country, or to forcibly return them to that territory, before they can reach the jurisdiction of their country of destination. This means that, unlike &#8216;pushbacks', which are carried out when a person actually crosses the border, &#8216;pullbacks' take place before that.&#8221; &#8221;, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, May 2021.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/69469/mediterranee--lue-va-financer-louverture-dun-centre-de-sauvetage-dans-lest-libyen-pour-intercepter-les-migrants-en-mer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Mediterranean: EU to fund opening of rescue centre in eastern Libya to intercept migrants at&lt;/a&gt; sea&#8221;, 27 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3548.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;&#8220;European Union News &#8211; December 2025/February&lt;/a&gt; 2026&#8221;, 4 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the press release from Mediterranea, &lt;a href=&#034;https://mediterranearescue.org/it/news/ancora-milioni-di-euro-per-la-collaborazione-con-criminali-di-guerra-in-libia&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;More millions of euros for collaboration with war criminals in Libya&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 9 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular AP, &lt;a href=&#034;https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-business-health-libya-migration-a30dd342513aeeede5a7558de4c3089d&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Migrant abuses continue in Libya. So does EU border&lt;/a&gt; training&#8221;, 25 January 2022, and the report by the Council of the European Union &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21185907-libyan-coast-guard-and-navy-monitoring-four-months-report-august-november-2021/%20du%20Co&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Four monthly Libyan coast guard and navy monitoring&lt;/a&gt; report&#8221;, August&#8211;November 2021&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, for example, the latest report by the OHCHR and UNSMIL, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/reports/business-usual-human-rights-violations-and-abuses-against-migrants-asylum-seekers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Business as Usual: Human Rights Violations and Abuses against Migrants, Asylum-Seekers, and Refugees in&lt;/a&gt; Libya&#8221;, 17 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the joint statement &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://tunisiansolidarity.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;For the release of activist Saadia&lt;/a&gt; Mosbah&#8221;, 10 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;As demonstrated by recent agreements with the Taliban in &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70091/lallemagne-expulse-20-criminels-afghans-vers-kaboul&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Afghanistan&lt;/a&gt; (2025) and with &lt;a href=&#034;https://turkishminute.com/2024/09/28/germany-turkey-odd-over-migrant-deportation-deal/?utm_source=chatgpt.com&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Turkey&lt;/a&gt; (2024), aimed at speeding up the deportation of their nationals, Afghans and Turks make up a large proportion of the migrant populations living in Germany.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3516.html?lang_article=fr#outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;Press Review December 2025&lt;/a&gt;, 5 January 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;United Nations Human Rights Council, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session61/advance-version/a-hrc-61-62-auv.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab&lt;/a&gt; Republic', 12 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Constitutional Court, &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.const-court.be/public/f/2026/2026-023f.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Judgment No. 23/2026&lt;/a&gt;, 26 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; See on this subject Amnesty International &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2025/04/belgium-persistent-failure-to-provide-reception-violates-rights-and-dignity-of-people-seeking-asylum/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Belgium. Persistent shortcomings in reception violate the rights and dignity of asylum&lt;/a&gt; seekers&#8221;, 3 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/Lettera_aperta_22052025.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;open letter&lt;/a&gt; signed by the Heads of State of Italy, Denmark, Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland, 22 May 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard the report by the Border Violence Monitoring Network, &lt;a href=&#034;https://borderviolence.eu/blog/clothes-in-rivers-backpacks-on-fire-the-visibility-of-border-crossings-and-illegal-pushbacks-at-the-croatian-bosnian-border&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Clothes in the river, backpacks on fire: The (in)visibility of pushbacks at the Croatian-Bosnian&lt;/a&gt; border&#8221;, 11 June 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the Asylum Information Database (AIDA) and the European Council on Refugees and Migrants (ECRE), &lt;a href=&#034;https://asylumineurope.org/reports/country/croatia/reception-conditions/housing/conditions-reception-facilities/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Conditions in reception facilities:&lt;/a&gt; Croatia&#8221;, last updated 20 January&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.globaldetentionproject.org/countries/europe/croatia&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;the&lt;/a&gt; Global Detention Project's &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.globaldetentionproject.org/countries/europe/croatia&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;overview of Croatia&lt;/a&gt;, n.d.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See&lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2025/1348/oj/fra&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Council Decision (EU) 2025/1348&lt;/a&gt;, 27 January 2025 &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3434.html&#034;&gt;Press Review June 2025&lt;/a&gt;, 7 July 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject: Human Rights Watch, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2025/08/27/mauritanie-des-annees-dabus-lies-aux-controles-des-migrations&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Mauritania: Years of abuses linked to migration&lt;/a&gt; controls&#8221;, 27 August 2025; ASGI &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.asgi.it/en/publication/morocco-border-policies-at-the-root-of-forced-disappearances-and-human-rights-violations/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Morocco: Border policies at the root of forced disappearances and human rights&lt;/a&gt; violations&#8221;, 14 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;The same concerns have been raised regarding the &#8216;Return' Regulation, adopted on 26 March by the European Parliament. See on this subject the joint press release &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?article7685&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Return Regulation: no to a European law that authorises home searches, police in public services and racial&lt;/a&gt; profiling', 23 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, on this subject, The Guardian, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2026/mar/08/mahmoods-new-rules-will-leave-refugees-in-cruel-state-of-uncertainty&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Mahmood's new rules will leave refugees in a cruel state of&lt;/a&gt; uncertainty', 8 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Scottish Refugee Council, &lt;a href=&#034;https://scottishrefugeecouncil.org.uk/refugee-asylum-labour-changes-shabanamahmood/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Charities urge UK government to &#8216;step up' and be honest about realities of&lt;/a&gt; migration&#8221;, 5 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3482.html&#034;&gt;Press review October 2025&lt;/a&gt;, 15 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/68956/uk-uses-visa-restrictions-to-pressure-african-countries-on-deportation-deals&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;UK uses visa restrictions to pressure African countries on deportation&lt;/a&gt; deals&#8221;, 30 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the Migreurop press release,&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3560.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;&#8220;Adoption of the European &#8216;return' regulation: the death of international law&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 26 March 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;In particular the 2022 &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.eeas.europa.eu/niger/lunion-europeenne-et-le-niger_fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;EU-Niger partnership&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3516.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Press review December 2025&lt;/a&gt;, 5 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
		<enclosure url="https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/draft_press_review_march_2026.pdf" length="266346" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Revue de presse mars 2026</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3571.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3571.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-04-08T13:22:39Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Libye</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Allemagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Belgique</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Croatie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Espagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Portugal</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Nigeria</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Criminalisation des solidarit&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Enfermement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Politiques migratoires</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Racisme</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Renvois forc&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Surveillance et contr&#244;le</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>r&#232;glement retour</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Libye InfoMigrants, &#171; M&#233;diterran&#233;e : 2 500 migrants intercept&#233;s en mer et ramen&#233;s de force en Libye depuis le d&#233;but de l'ann&#233;e 2026 &#187;, 12 mars 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Depuis d&#233;but 2026, plus de 2 500 migrant&#183;e&#183;s ont &#233;t&#233; intercept&#233;&#183;e&#183;s en M&#233;diterran&#233;e par les garde-c&#244;tes libyens et renvoy&#233;&#183;e&#183;s de force en Libye. Ces interceptions s'inscrivent dans le cadre d'un arrangement conclu en 2017 entre l'Italie et la Libye, qui pr&#233;voit un soutien logistique et financier de l'Italie et de l'Union europ&#233;enne aux (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Revues de presse&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot39.html" rel="tag"&gt;Libye&lt;/a&gt;, 
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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot31.html" rel="tag"&gt;Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine&lt;/a&gt;, 
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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot172.html" rel="tag"&gt;Criminalisation des solidarit&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Enfermement&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Politiques migratoires&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot206.html" rel="tag"&gt;Racisme&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Renvois forc&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Surveillance et contr&#244;le&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot227.html" rel="tag"&gt;r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/visuel_rp-2-38691.png?1775654589' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libye&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Libye&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Allemagne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Allemagne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Belgique&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Belgique&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Croatie/Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Croatie/Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Espagne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Espagne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Portugal&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Portugal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Su&#232;de&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni/Nigeria&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Royaume-Uni/Nigeria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Adoption du r&#232;glement retour&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;Adoption du r&#232;glement retour&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Arrangement UE / Nigeria&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_11'&gt;Arrangement UE / Nigeria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Frontex&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_12'&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Libye&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70330/mediterranee--2-500-migrants-interceptes-en-mer-et-ramenes-de-force-en-libye-depuis-le-debut-de-lannee-2026&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;M&#233;diterran&#233;e : 2 500 migrants intercept&#233;s en mer et ramen&#233;s de force en Libye depuis le d&#233;but de l'ann&#233;e 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, 12 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis d&#233;but 2026, plus de 2 500 migrant&#183;e&#183;s ont &#233;t&#233; intercept&#233;&#183;e&#183;s en M&#233;diterran&#233;e par les garde-c&#244;tes libyens et renvoy&#233;&#183;e&#183;s de force en Libye. Ces interceptions s'inscrivent dans le cadre d'un arrangement conclu en 2017 entre l'Italie et la Libye, qui pr&#233;voit un soutien logistique et financier de l'Italie et de l'Union europ&#233;enne aux autorit&#233;s libyennes afin d'emp&#234;cher les d&#233;parts vers l'Europe. Un accord informel qui a de fait mis en place un m&#233;canisme de &#171; pullbacks &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ces op&#233;rations visent &#224; &#171; emp&#234;cher physiquement les migrant&#183;e&#183;s de quitter (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; syst&#233;matiques : des interceptions en mer, coordonn&#233;es par l'agence europ&#233;enne Frontex, suivies du renvoi forc&#233; des personnes vers les c&#244;tes libyennes par les autorit&#233;s locales, formellement responsables de la zone de recherche et de sauvetage (SAR). Les personnes migrantes sont ensuite enferm&#233;es dans des camps libyens. C'est dans ce contexte que s'inscrit la d&#233;cision r&#233;cente de la Commission europ&#233;enne de financer la construction d'un centre de coordination des secours maritimes (MRCC) &#224; Benghazi&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; M&#233;diterran&#233;e : l'UE va financer l'ouverture (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le projet, port&#233; par le gouvernement italien, &#233;tend le m&#233;canisme de &#171; pullback &#187; &#224; l'est de la Libye, en compl&#233;ment du centre d&#233;j&#224; op&#233;rationnel &#224; Tripoli. Par ailleurs, la gestion du nouveau centre pourrait &#234;tre li&#233;e &#224; la milice Tareq Ben Zayed, qui contr&#244;le le territoire et est soup&#231;onn&#233;e d'&#234;tre impliqu&#233;e dans l'attaque du navire humanitaire Ocean Viking en ao&#251;t 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; Actualit&#233;s de l'Union europ&#233;enne - d&#233;cembre (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette coop&#233;ration entre l'Union europ&#233;enne et la Libye a permis, au fil des ann&#233;es, le refoulement, la d&#233;tention arbitraire et la torture de milliers de personnes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de Mediterranea, &#171; Ancora milioni di euro per (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Un rapport confidentiel de l'Union europ&#233;enne datant de 2022&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment AP, &#171; Migrant abuses continue in Libya. So does EU border (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; fait d'ailleurs &#233;tat &#171; d'un usage excessif de la force, d'actes disproportionn&#233;s et de violence arm&#233;e &#187; lors des interceptions en mer par les autorit&#233;s libyennes. Par ailleurs, les conditions de d&#233;tention des migrant&#183;e&#183;s en Libye ont fait l'objet de nombreuses alertes en raison de graves violations des droits humains&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir, par exemple, le dernier rapport de l'OHCHR et de l'UNSMIL &#171; Business (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. La Libye n'offre aucune garantie de protection conforme aux standards internationaux en mati&#232;re de protection et d'asile. Malgr&#233; cela, les financements europ&#233;ens et italiens, visant &#224; externaliser la gestion des mouvements migratoiresvers ce pays non s&#251;r, continuent d'affluer.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC News Afrique, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/czexg1nklkwo&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Une militante antiraciste de premier plan en Tunisie condamn&#233;e &#224; huit ans de prison&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 21 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le tribunal de premi&#232;re instance de Tunis a condamn&#233; la militante antiraciste Saadia Mosbah, &#224; huit ans de prison et &#224; une lourde amende pour &#171; blanchiment d'argent &#187; et &#171; enrichissement illicite &#187;. Ce verdict s'inscrit dans un contexte de criminalisation croissante des d&#233;fenseur&#183;e&#183;s des droits des migrant&#183;e&#183;s en Tunisie. Ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es, Mosbah, pr&#233;sidente de l'association Mn&#232;mty, s'est retrouv&#233;e en premi&#232;re ligne dans la d&#233;fense des droits des migrant&#183;e&#183;s originaires d'Afrique subsaharienne, face &#224; la rh&#233;torique et aux politiques racistes du pr&#233;sident Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed. Depuis deux ans, Mn&#232;mty et de nombreuses autres organisations de solidarit&#233; avec les migrant&#183;e&#183;s sont particuli&#232;rement cibl&#233;es par une vague r&#233;pressive : campagnes de diffamation sur les r&#233;seaux sociaux orchestr&#233;s par le gouvernement, militant&#183;e&#183;s arr&#234;t&#233;&#183;e&#183;s et poursuivi&#183;e&#183;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La criminalisation de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile tunisienne se poursuit avec l'assentiment tacite de l'Union europ&#233;enne, qui a accord&#233; un financement de plus de 100 millions d'euros &#224; la Tunisie dans le cadre d'un arrangement migratoire conclu en 2023, visant &#224; emp&#234;cher les migrant&#183;e&#183;s de traverser la M&#233;diterran&#233;e. Mosbah et les activistes condamn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s paient aujourd'hui le prix de cet arrangement&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; conjoint &#171; Pour la lib&#233;ration de l'activiste (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; : en soutenant la politique migratoire de Sa&#239;ed dans un objectif de dissuasion des d&#233;parts, l'UE porte une responsabilit&#233; dans les arrestations arbitraires de d&#233;fenseur&#183;e&#183;s des droits en Tunisie et dans les violations de leurs droits fondamentaux.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Allemagne&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70638/allemagne--apres-la-visite-dalcharaa-merz-espere-un-retour-massif-des-refugies-syriens&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Allemagne : apr&#232;s la visite d'al-Charaa, Merz esp&#232;re un retour massif des r&#233;fugi&#233;s syriens&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 31 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans le cadre d'une visite du pr&#233;sident syrien Ahmed al-Charaa &#224; Berlin, le lundi 30 mars, le chancelier allemand Friedrich Merz a d&#233;clar&#233; vouloir expulser, &#224; moyen terme, 80 % des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e&#183;s syrien&#183;ne&#183;s pr&#233;sent&#183;e&#183;s en Allemagne. Selon lui, il n'y aurait plus de raison pour ces personnes de rester sur le territoire allemand apr&#232;s la chute du r&#233;gime d'Assad.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'id&#233;e d'expulser un nombre aussi &#233;lev&#233; de personnes r&#233;v&#232;le une approche x&#233;nophobe et raciste, visant &#224; se d&#233;barrasser, le plus rapidement possible et &#224; tout prix, de celles et ceux consid&#233;r&#233;&#183;e&#183;s comme &#171; ind&#233;sirables &#187; sur le territoire allemand&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Comme l'ont d&#233;montr&#233; les r&#233;cents arrangements avec les Talibans en (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Par ailleurs, la Syrie demeure un pays profond&#233;ment instable, marqu&#233; par la destruction d'infrastructures essentielles. En octobre 2025, le ministre allemand des Affaires &#233;trang&#232;res avait d&#233;clar&#233; qu'il &#233;tait &#171; pratiquement impossible pour les gens d'y vivre dans la dignit&#233; dans le court terme &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, Revue de presse d&#233;cembre 2025, 5 janvier 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh2-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, lors d'une visite sur place. De graves violations des droits humains continuent &#233;galement d'&#234;tre document&#233;es dans le pays. Le 12 mars, La Commission d'enqu&#234;te internationale ind&#233;pendante sur la R&#233;publique arabe syrienne a pr&#233;sent&#233; son dernier rapport devant le Conseil des droits de l'Homme des Nations unies, r&#233;v&#233;lant que la transition politique demeure compromise par des violations des droits telles que des ex&#233;cutions extrajudiciaires, des actes de torture et des mauvais traitements, ainsi que des disparitions forc&#233;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Conseil des droits de l'homme des Nations Unies, &#171; Report of the Independent (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Dans ces conditions, la s&#233;curit&#233; des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s expuls&#233;&#183;e&#183;s ne saurait &#234;tre garantie, et l'Allemagne risquerait de se rendre complice de telles violations de droits.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Belgique&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Politico, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/belgium-migration-asylum-seeker-court-suspension-anneleen-van-bossuyt/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Belgium to press ahed with restriction on asylum-seekers despite court decision&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 4 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Cour constitutionnelle belge a suspendu temporairement une mesure visant &#224; limiter l'acc&#232;s aux conditions mat&#233;rielles d'accueil pour les migrant&#183;e&#183;s ayant d&#233;j&#224; obtenu une protection dans un autre &#201;tat membre de l'UE. La Cour a soulign&#233; que cette disposition pourrait causer un &#171; pr&#233;judice grave et difficilement r&#233;parable &#187;, en exposant des personnes &#224; la pr&#233;carit&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Cour constitutionnelle,arr&#234;t n&#176; 23/2026, 26 f&#233;vrier 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh2-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Malgr&#233; cette suspension, le gouvernement belge a d&#233;clar&#233; vouloir poursuivre l'application de cette mesure afin d' &#171; &#233;viter de surcharger le syst&#232;me d'accueil &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis 2021, les autorit&#233;s belges ont refus&#233; d'adapter ce syst&#232;me &#224; l'augmentation des demandes d'asile, exposant de nombreux&#183;euse&#183;s exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; des conditions de vie indignes, sans acc&#232;s aux soins ni &#224; un h&#233;bergement appropri&#233;. Plus de 12 000 d&#233;cisions de juridictions nationales et internationales ont ordonn&#233; &#224; la Belgique de fournir un accueil digne. Pourtant, ces d&#233;cisions ont syst&#233;matiquement &#233;t&#233; ignor&#233;es et contourn&#233;es, surtout depuis l'arriv&#233;e au pouvoir du nouveau gouvernement en 2023, qui a adopt&#233; une politique migratoire plus restrictive&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International &#171; Belgique. Les manquements (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le m&#233;pris des d&#233;cisions judiciaires belgess'inscrit dans un contexte g&#233;n&#233;ral de remise en cause du droit national, europ&#233;en et international en mati&#232;re migratoire : c'est sans surprise que le pays figure dans la liste des &#201;tats ayant sign&#233; en 2025 une lettre ouverte appelant &#224; une interpr&#233;tation plus souple de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, notamment de l'article 3 (interdiction des traitements inhumains ou d&#233;gradants) et de l'article 8 (protection de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir la lettre ouvertesign&#233;e par les chefs d'&#201;tat de l'Italie, du Danemark, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. La Belgique choisit ainsi de prot&#233;ger ses fronti&#232;res d'une menace migratoire fantasm&#233;e, au m&#233;pris des droits humains.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Croatie/Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/70231/migration-management-measures-reinforced-in-bosnia-herzegovina-and-croatia&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;A la fronti&#232;re entre la Croatie et la Bosnie, la construction d'un centre d'accueil divise les habitants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 13 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Croatie a r&#233;cemment annonc&#233; la construction d'un nouveau &#171; centre d'accueil &#187; pour les personnes migrantes &#224; sa fronti&#232;re avec la Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine. Parall&#232;lement, l'agence europ&#233;enne Frontex pr&#233;voit de renforcer la pr&#233;sence de ses agents en Bosnie, consid&#233;r&#233;e par l'UE comme un &#171; investissement g&#233;opolitique &#187; majeur dans la gestion des mouvements migratoires. L'objectif affich&#233; est d'atteindre un &#171; niveau &#233;lev&#233; &#187; de coop&#233;ration avec la police des fronti&#232;res bosniennes dans la &#171; lutte contre l'immigration clandestine et la pr&#233;vention de la criminalit&#233; transfrontali&#232;re &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine est candidate &#224; l'entr&#233;e dans l'Union europ&#233;enne et constitue une &#233;tape sur la route migratoire des Balkans : un lieu n&#233;vralgique de consolidation de l' &#171; Europe Forteresse &#187;. Sa fronti&#232;re avec la Croatie est notoirement marqu&#233;e par l'impunit&#233; des violations des droits commises par les autorit&#233;s croates et bosniennes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet le rapport de Border Violence Monitoring Network, &#171; Clothes (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; : les refoulements des migrant&#183;e&#183;s qui tentent d'arriver sur le sol europ&#233;en sont l&#233;gion et les demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile qui parviennent en Croatie sont plac&#233;es dans des centres pour demandeurs d'asile (actuellement deux dans le pays) dans des conditions indignes. L'acc&#232;s aux soins y est limit&#233;, les conditions d'hygi&#232;ne sont pr&#233;caires et des cas de refus arbitraire de certaines demandes de protection ont &#233;t&#233; document&#233;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Asylum Information Database (AIDA),Conseil europ&#233;en pour les (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Des rapports ont &#233;galement mis en avant que les autorit&#233;s croates ont &#233;t&#233; impliqu&#233;es dans la d&#233;tention arbitraire et la torture de personnes en situation dite &#171; irr&#233;guli&#232;re &#187; dans des installations ad hoc&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir l'aper&#231;u g&#233;n&#233;rale de la Croatie du Global Detention Project, s.d.&#034; id=&#034;nh2-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. La construction d'un centre &#224; la fronti&#232;re risque d'entra&#238;ner une multiplication de ce type de situations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans ce cadre, le renforcement de la pr&#233;sence de Frontex (qui op&#232;re en Bosnie &#224; la suite d'un accord de statut sign&#233; en 2025 entre l'UE et Sarajevo&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voirla d&#233;cision (UE) 2025/1348 du Conseil, 27 janvier 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh2-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;) risque de contribuer aux violations des droits d&#233;crites ci-dessus. D'autant plus que, en vertu de cet accord (article 12), l'agence b&#233;n&#233;ficie d'une immunit&#233; pour tous les actes r&#233;alis&#233;s dans le cadre d'une op&#233;ration conjointe en Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine, devant toute juridiction p&#233;nale, civile ou administrative du pays&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop,Revue de presse juin 2025, 7 juillet 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh2-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Espagne&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;La Vanguardia, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20260310/11486000/gobierno-garantiza-sanidad-publica-personas-inmigrantes-situacion-irregular.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Los inmigrantes sin papeles acceder&#225;n a la sanidad con una declaraci&#243;n responsable&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 10 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis le 10 mars 2026, le syst&#232;me de sant&#233; espagnol est ouvert aux personnes d&#233;pourvues de documents pour s&#233;journer dans le pays. Cette mesure supprime des obstacles administratifs qui emp&#234;chaient auparavant de nombreuses personnes d'acc&#233;der aux soins m&#233;dicaux. Selon les nouvelles r&#232;gles, toute personne en mesure de prouver sa r&#233;sidence en Espagne peut d&#233;poser une demande de prise en charge aupr&#232;s de son centre de sant&#233; local et b&#233;n&#233;ficier imm&#233;diatement d'une couverture temporaire pendant le traitement de son dossier. Comme l'a soulign&#233; la ministre de la Sant&#233; espagnole, cette mesure &#171; vise &#224; garantir l'&#233;quit&#233; et &#224; pr&#233;venir les in&#233;galit&#233;s &#187;, tout en permettant &#171; un meilleur suivi des maladies dans les soins primaires et une utilisation plus efficace des ressources publiques &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette d&#233;cision fait suite &#224; une mesure de r&#233;gularisation dite extraordinaire des personnes migrantes (2026) et au refus explicite du gouvernement espagnol de soutenir le projet europ&#233;en de &#171; &lt;i&gt;return hubs &lt;/i&gt; &#187; (pays hors Europe o&#249; seraient expuls&#233;es les personnes sans droit au s&#233;jour en Europe), pr&#233;vu dans le r&#232;glement retour dont le mandat de n&#233;gociation a &#233;t&#233; confirm&#233; le 26 mars par le Parlement europ&#233;en. Il convient n&#233;anmoins de rappeler que l'Espagne continue d'externaliser la gestion des mouvements migratoires, notamment vers le Maroc et la Mauritanie, ce qui engage sa responsabilit&#233; dans les violations des droits humains commises &#224; l'encontre des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s dans ces pays&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet : Human Rights Watch, &#171; Mauritanie : Des ann&#233;es d'abus li&#233;s (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Portugal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Portugal Post, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://theportugalpost.com/posts/portugal-tightens-immigration-laws-detention-extended-to-18-months-and-deportation-rules-transformed&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Portugal Tightens Immigration Laws : Detention Extended to 18 Months and Deportation Rules Transformed&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 19 mars 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le gouvernement portugais a approuv&#233; un projet de loi en mati&#232;re de migration marquant une &#233;tape suppl&#233;mentaire dans le tournant r&#233;pressif de sa politique &#224; l'&#233;gard des personnes exil&#233;es. La dur&#233;e maximale de d&#233;tention administrative pour les personnes sans droit au s&#233;jour a &#233;t&#233; prolong&#233;e(de 60 &#224; 540 jours) et les personnes qui feront une demande de protection apr&#232;s une entr&#233;e sur le territoire en-dehors des postes fronti&#232;res habilit&#233;s seront soumises &#224; des mesures coercitives plus strictes, dont la d&#233;tention, pendant l'examen de leur dossier. Le texte introduit &#233;galement une interdiction d'entr&#233;e en cas d'expulsion forc&#233;e pouvant atteindre cinqans, dur&#233;e prolongeable en cas de condamnation p&#233;nale ou de menace pour la s&#233;curit&#233; nationale. En outre, le d&#233;p&#244;t d'une demande de protection ne suspendra plus la proc&#233;dure d'expulsion, et enfin toute personne sans droit au s&#233;jour est soumise &#224; une &#171; obligation de d&#233;part volontaire &#187; : les personnes concern&#233;es devront quitter le territoire sans attendre de notification formelle, sous peine d'expulsion forc&#233;e et donc d'interdiction d'entr&#233;e. Cette r&#233;forme supprime la p&#233;riode interm&#233;diaire entre la notification formelle et la perte effective du droit au s&#233;jour, p&#233;riode qui permettait jusqu'&#224; pr&#233;sent de r&#233;gulariser sa situation administrative ou de consulter un avocat. &#192; noter que selon le texte, ces mesures de renvoi forc&#233; ne s'appliqueront pas aux mineurs de moins de 16 ans. Le projet de loi est actuellement en cours d'examen parlementaire.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Plusieurs organisations de d&#233;fense des droits des personnes migrantes d&#233;noncent une man&#339;uvre politique de la coalition de centre-droit visant &#224; s&#233;duire un &#233;lectorat plus conservateur &#224; l'approche de futures &#233;ch&#233;ances &#233;lectorales. Cette strat&#233;gie s'inscrit dans une tendance plus large observ&#233;e dans d'autres &#201;tats europ&#233;ens o&#249; les migrant&#183;e&#183;s sont instrumentalis&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; des fins &#233;lectorales, dans une optique populiste.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#192; l'heure de l'adoption d'un nouveau r&#232;glement europ&#233;en sur le retour des personnes d&#233;pourvues de droit de s&#233;jour dans l'UE, d'applicabilit&#233; directe dans les &#201;tats membres, les mesures &#224; l'encontre des personnes exil&#233;es en instance d'expulsion vont encore s'aggraver.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su&#232;de &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/03/24/la-suede-presente-un-projet-de-loi-qui-prevoit-d-expulser-les-migrants-qui-ne-menent-pas-une-vie-honnete_6674072_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;La Su&#232;de pr&#233;sente un projet de loi qui pr&#233;voit d'expulser les migrants qui ne m&#232;nent pas une &#171; vie honn&#234;te&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, le 24 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;RFI, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rfi.fr/fr/europe/20260325-su%C3%A8de-le-gouvernement-poursuit-un-projet-de-loi-visant-%C3%A0-d%C3%A9noncer-les-migrants-sans-titre-de-s%C3%A9jour&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Su&#232;de : le gouvernement poursuit un projet de loi visant &#224; d&#233;noncer les migrants sans titre de s&#233;jour&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 25 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fin mars, le gouvernement su&#233;dois a pr&#233;sent&#233; deux projets de loi visant &#224; intensifier les expulsions des personnes exil&#233;es. Le premier pr&#233;voit l'expulsion des migrant&#183;e&#183;s qui ne m&#232;neraient pas une &#171; vie honn&#234;te &#187;. Le deuxi&#232;me obligerait six administrations publiques (l'agence pour l'emploi, l'assurance sociale, l'administration p&#233;nitentiaire, l'agence de recouvrement des dettes, l'autorit&#233; des retraites et l'administration fiscale) &#224; signaler &#224; la police les personnes soup&#231;onn&#233;es de s&#233;jour dit &#171; irr&#233;gulier &#187;. Il introduit &#233;galement de nouveaux motifs de retrait du titre de s&#233;jour, notamment lorsqu'une personne est consid&#233;r&#233;e comme une &#171; menace &#187;pour l'ordre public ou la s&#233;curit&#233; nationale, ou lorsqu'elle a fourni des informations inexactes dans sa demande.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La premi&#232;re mesure suscite de vives inqui&#233;tudes en raison de son caract&#232;re vague et discr&#233;tionnaire. Quels crit&#232;res permettraient de d&#233;finir une &#171; vie honn&#234;te &#187; ? Quels moyens seraient utilis&#233;s pour &#233;valuer une pr&#233;tendue moralit&#233; individuelle ? Cette mesure, qui repose sur des &#233;valuations profond&#233;ment subjectives, ouvrirait la voie &#224; la mise en place de deux syst&#232;mes normatifs parall&#232;les. Des d&#233;clarations non p&#233;nalement r&#233;pr&#233;hensibles pourraient ainsi entra&#238;ner l'expulsion des migrant&#183;e&#183;s, alors qu'elles n'auraient aucune cons&#233;quence juridique pour des citoyen&#183;ne&#183;s su&#233;dois&#183;e&#183;s. Par ailleurs, il existe un risque de produire un effet dissuasif sur la libert&#233; d'expression et de renforcer l'autocensure parmi les personnes migrantes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le deuxi&#232;me projet de loi s'inscrit dans une volont&#233; plus g&#233;n&#233;rale, &#224; l'&#233;chelle europ&#233;enne, de renforcer un contr&#244;le g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233; des espaces priv&#233;s et publics afin de &#171; d&#233;busquer &#187; les personnes d&#233;pourvues de doit au s&#233;jour. Il accentuerait le r&#244;le des administrations comme outils de contr&#244;le, en mena&#231;ant le droit &#224; la vie priv&#233;e, en raison du partage potentiel de donn&#233;es sensibles, en favorisant le profilage racial et les discriminations au faci&#232;s, et en cr&#233;ant des conflits &#233;thiques pour les professionnel&#183;le&#183;s de l'administration publique&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Les m&#234;mes inqui&#233;tudes ont &#233;t&#233; soulev&#233;es concernant le r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2026/mar/05/what-are-shabana-mahmoods-changes-to-the-asylum-system&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;What are Shabana Mahmood's changes to the asylum system ?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 5 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 5 mars, la ministre de l'Int&#233;rieur britannique Shabana Mahmood a annonc&#233; la mise en application de nouvelles mesures en mati&#232;re de migration et d'asile. Le statut de r&#233;fugi&#233; est d&#233;sormais r&#233;duit de cinq ans &#224; 30 mois (renouvelables). Au terme de cette p&#233;riode, si le pays tiers est consid&#233;r&#233; comme s&#251;r, ses ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s pourront y &#234;tre expuls&#233;&#183;e&#183;s. Par ailleurs, la p&#233;riode pour obtenir le statut de r&#233;sident&#183;e permanent&#183;e passe de 10 &#224; 20 ans, l'obligation de soutien financier public aux demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile est suspendue, et jusqu'&#224; 40 000 &#163; seront offerts aux familles dont la demande d'asile a &#233;t&#233; rejet&#233;e pour rentrer volontairement dans leur pays : en cas de refus, les autorit&#233;s pourront recourir &#224; la force, y compris &#224; l'encontre des mineur&#183;e&#183;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#201;ni&#232;me durcissement de la politique migratoire britannique, cette nouvelle s&#233;rie de mesures r&#233;pressives s'&#233;loigne de l'esprit, sinon de la lettre, des conventions relatives aux droits humains dont le Royaume-Uni est signataire. Tout d'abord, les personnes exil&#233;es seront maintenues dans un &#233;tat d'incertitude permanente, les emp&#234;chant de reconstruire leur vie et les exposant &#224; une menace constante d'expulsion&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet The Guardian, &#171; Mahmood's new rules will leave refugees in (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Par ailleurs, la possibilit&#233; de renvoyer de force des familles dont la demande d'asile a &#233;t&#233; ou sera rejet&#233;e risque d'entra&#238;ner une violation du droit au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale, prot&#233;g&#233; par l'article 8 de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme, ainsi que du principe de l'int&#233;r&#234;t sup&#233;rieur de l'enfant, consacr&#233; par la Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant et reconnu par tous les instruments europ&#233;ens de protection des droits humains. Enfin, le renvoi forc&#233; des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s de pays consid&#233;r&#233;s comme s&#251;rs pourrait constituer une forme de discrimination fond&#233;e sur la nationalit&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Plusieurs organisations de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile britannique ont d&#233;nonc&#233; ces &#233;volutions dans un communiqu&#233; commun. Elles appellent le gouvernement &#224; suspendre la r&#233;duction de la dur&#233;e du statut de r&#233;fugi&#233; en taxant la politique britannique de &#171; cruaut&#233; performative &#187;, source d'instabilit&#233;, d'injustice et d'inefficacit&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Scottish Refugee Council, &#171; Charities urge UK government to (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Royaume-Uni/Nigeria&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;BBC, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crm1w24p8p7o&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;UK agrees deal to ease migrant returns&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; to Nigeria&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 19 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 19 mars, le Royaume-Uni et le Nigeria ont conclu un arrangement visant &#224; acc&#233;l&#233;rer les expulsions de ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s nig&#233;rian&#183;e&#183;s d&#233;pourvu&#183;e&#183;s de droit au s&#233;jour, ou condamn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s par la justice ou encore dont la demande d'asile a &#233;t&#233; rejet&#233;e. D&#233;sormais, les autorit&#233;s britanniques n'auront plus &#224; attendre la d&#233;livrance de laissez-passer consulaires par le Nigeria pour proc&#233;der &#224; une expulsion : les autorit&#233;s nig&#233;rianes accepteront des documents d'identification &#233;mis par le Royaume-Uni (les &#171; &lt;i&gt;UK letters&lt;/i&gt; &#187;). L'arrangement pr&#233;voit en outre un renforcement de la coop&#233;ration dans la lutte contre les &#171; r&#233;seaux de passeurs &#187;. Dans ce sens, le Nigeria s'est engag&#233; &#224; revoir sa l&#233;gislation nationale afin de garantir des sanctions plus s&#233;v&#232;res contre &#171; les infractions li&#233;es aux migrations &#187;, ce qui risque de conduire &#224; une intensification de la criminalisation des personnes migrantes, ainsi que des organisations solidaires.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'utilisation de documents informels comme les &lt;i&gt;UK letters&lt;/i&gt; pourrait entra&#238;ner des expulsions arbitraires, du fait d'une identification unilat&#233;rale (identit&#233; et nationalit&#233;) de la personne renvoy&#233;e de force par le R.U. Cette mesure pourrait &#233;galement porter atteinte au droit &#224; la vie priv&#233;e et familiale des Nig&#233;rian&#183;e&#183;s r&#233;sidant&#183;e&#183;s au Royaume-Uni.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cet accord marque une nouvelle &#233;tape dans la &#171; diplomatie du renvoi &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Migreurop,Revue de presse octobre 2025, 15 novembre 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh2-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;engag&#233;e par le Royaume-Uni depuis l'arriv&#233;e au pouvoir du gouvernement de Keir Starmer. D&#233;j&#224; en septembre 2025, la ministre de l'Int&#233;rieur Shabana Mahmood avait mis en place une strat&#233;gie de suspension de la d&#233;livrance de visas pour les ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s de certains pays africains (R&#233;publique d&#233;mocratique du Congo, Namibie, Angola) comme moyen de pression pour obtenir une coop&#233;ration plus &#171; efficace &#187; de ces pays dans la r&#233;admission des personnes expuls&#233;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; UK uses visa restrictions to pressure (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Adoption du r&#232;glement retour&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lib&#233;ration, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/le-parlement-europeen-en-passe-dapprouver-des-hubs-de-retour-pour-migrants-20260326_2ORGECM5GVEDHKBQ4HXLG7FVFM/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Le Parlement europ&#233;en approuve la cr&#233;ation de &#171; hubs de retour &#187; pour migrants hors de l'UE&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 26 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 26 mars 2026, le Parlement europ&#233;en a confirm&#233; en pl&#233;ni&#232;re le mandat de n&#233;gociation adopt&#233; par la Commission Parlementaire LIBE pour un nouveau syst&#232;me commun en mati&#232;re d'expulsions des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s de pays tiers sans droit au s&#233;jour dans l'Union (dit &#171; r&#232;glement retour &#187;), r&#233;sultant d'une alliance entre la droite et l'extr&#234;me droite. Parmi les mesures pr&#233;vues : une d&#233;tention syst&#233;matique pour toutes les personnes exil&#233;es(extension des motifs de d&#233;tention, dur&#233;e maximale d'enfermement port&#233;e &#224; 24 mois et cumulable d'un &#201;tat membre &#224; l'autre, possibilit&#233; d'enfermement dans des &#233;tablissements p&#233;nitentiaires) ; des expulsions vers des pays tiers (&lt;i&gt;return hubs&lt;/i&gt;), sans contr&#244;le effectif par les institutions europ&#233;ennes et sans clause de suspension en cas de violation des droits ; une acc&#233;l&#233;ration des renvois forc&#233;s gr&#226;ce &#224; la reconnaissance mutuelle des mesures d'expulsion entre &#201;tats membres, potentiellement sans r&#233;examen individuel, et pouvant &#234;tre ex&#233;cut&#233;es avant toute d&#233;cision d&#233;finitive ; dans certains cas, des interdictions d'entr&#233;e d&#233;finitives dans le territoire de l'UE sont pr&#233;vues.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#201;ni&#232;me jalon de la guerre aux migrant&#183;e&#183;s d&#233;but&#233;e il y a 30 ans, ce r&#232;glement consolide la destruction du droit entam&#233;e de longue date, en franchissant de nouvelles lignes rouges. Il risque d'entra&#238;ner tr&#232;s concr&#232;tement des renvois dangereux, des violations du droit &#224; un recours effectif et du principe de non-refoulement, et d'exposer les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; des traitements inhumains et d&#233;gradants&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de Migreurop, &#171; Adoption du r&#232;glement europ&#233;en (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. La rapidit&#233; de ce vote est en outre inqui&#233;tante, le texte propos&#233; ayant &#233;t&#233; adopt&#233; par le Parlement europ&#233;en &#224; peine un an apr&#232;s la proposition de la Commission. Cela r&#233;v&#232;le que l'agenda de l'extr&#234;me droite s'impose d&#233;sormais au sommet des institutions europ&#233;ennes : dans le sillage du Pacte europ&#233;en, le r&#232;glement retour ent&#233;rine un remodelage du droit de l'Union afin de l'adapter &#224; une id&#233;ologie raciste, anti-migratoire et anti-d&#233;mocratique&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibidem&#034; id=&#034;nh2-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_11&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Arrangement UE / Nigeria&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euobserver, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://euobserver.com/208101/eu-offers-cash-and-defence-deal-as-it-inks-migrant-returns-pact-with-nigeria&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;EU offers cash and defence deal as it links migrant returns pact with Nigeria&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, 23 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Nigeria et l'Union europ&#233;enne ont conclu un arrangement pour le renvoi des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s nig&#233;rian&#183;ne&#183;s d&#233;pourvu&#183;e&#183;s de droit au s&#233;jour dans l'Union, en contrepartie d'un financement de 288 millions d'euros destin&#233; &#224; la digitalisation, &#224; la modernisation du secteur de la sant&#233; et aux cha&#238;nes de valeur agricoles au Nigeria.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'arrangement illustre la tendance europ&#233;enne &#224; lier la coop&#233;ration en mati&#232;re d'expulsions &#224; des promesses d'avantages &#233;conomiques et diplomatiques (approche &#171; &lt;i&gt;cash-for-migrants&lt;/i&gt; &#187;), au d&#233;triment des droits fondamentaux des personnes exil&#233;es. Le Nigeria est en effet confront&#233; &#224; une ins&#233;curit&#233; croissante, &#224; une forte inflation, &#224; la violence de groupesarm&#233;s locaux, &#224; des all&#233;gations de torture et &#224; une exclusion profonde des jeunes, aggrav&#233;e par un recul des libert&#233;s civiles et politiques. Dans ce contexte, les expulsions de ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s nig&#233;rian&#183;e&#183;s depuis l'UE pourraient exposer certaines personnes &#224; des traitements inhumains et d&#233;gradants et &#224; l'exclusion sociale, en raison de perspectives de r&#233;int&#233;gration limit&#233;es. Par ailleurs, des accords informels similaires dans la r&#233;gion du Sahel ont co&#239;ncid&#233; avec des lois anti-migration s&#233;v&#232;res,une criminalisation de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile, et la militarisation des fronti&#232;res, contribuant &#224; la normalisation de la r&#233;pression sous couvert de garantir la &#171; stabilit&#233; &#187; et l'&#171; ordre &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Notamment le partenariat UE-Niger de 2022&#034; id=&#034;nh2-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#224; l'&#233;chelle nationale.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_12&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Frontex&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2026/03/24/fabrice-leggeri-ex-directeur-de-frontex-et-eurodepute-rn-vise-par-une-enquete-pour-complicite-de-crimes-contre-l-humanite_6674028_3224.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Fabrice Leggeri, ex-directeur de Frontex et eurod&#233;put&#233; RN, vis&#233; par une enqu&#234;te pour complicit&#233; de crimes contre l'humanit&#233;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 24 mars 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A la suite de la plainte d'ONG (Ligue des droits de l'Homme et Utopia 56) d&#233;pos&#233;e en avril 2024, une enqu&#234;te a &#233;t&#233; ouverte en France contre Fabrice Leggeri, ancien directeur de Frontex (2015-2022) et eurod&#233;put&#233; d'extr&#234;me droite (groupe Patriotes pour l'Europe). Il est accus&#233;de complicit&#233; de crimes contre l'humanit&#233; et crime de torture, dans des faits de refoulements et de non-assistance aux exil&#233;.e.s en mer, li&#233;s aux pratiques de dissuasion mises en &#339;uvre par les &#201;tats membres et son bras arm&#233; Frontex.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si l'ouverture d'une enqu&#234;te &#224; l'encontre de Leggeri, qui si&#232;ge au Parlement europ&#233;en comme eurod&#233;put&#233; du Rassemblement National, constitue une &#233;tape symbolique importante, il convient de rappeler que le mandat et les activit&#233;s de Frontex sont, depuis la cr&#233;ation de l'agence, intrins&#232;quement incompatibles avec le respect des droits fondamentaux. Les violations des droits commises en toute impunit&#233; avec la complicit&#233; de Frontex - d&#233;nonc&#233;es depuis 2004 par les ONG - avaient lieu avant la nomination de Leggeri et se sont poursuivies apr&#232;s sa d&#233;mission en 2022.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Frontex est l'instrument d'une politique r&#233;pressive de restriction des mobilit&#233;s qui a d&#233;montr&#233; &#234;tre incompatible avec le respect des droits. Dans le cadre du mandat de l'agence, denombreuses op&#233;rations ill&#233;gales ont &#233;t&#233; men&#233;es et largement document&#233;es : expulsions collectives, entraves au droit d'asile, refoulements massifs en pleine mer, non-assistance &#224; personne en danger, collaboration avec des milices libyennes pour intercepter des embarcations avant qu'elles n'atteignent les eaux territoriales europ&#233;ennes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis sa cr&#233;ation en 2004, son mandat, ses pr&#233;rogatives et ses moyens n'ont cess&#233; d'&#234;tre renforc&#233;s, et son budget a &#233;t&#233; d&#233;multipli&#233; ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es (passant de 6 millions d'euros en 2005 &#224; plus d'un milliard en 2026). En juin 2026, la Commission europ&#233;enne pr&#233;sentera au Parlement une 5e r&#233;vision du mandat de l'agence, visant &#224; &#233;largir encore ses activit&#233;s et moyens (recours accru aux technologies de surveillance, expulsions de pays tiers &#224; pays tiers, passage de 10 000 &#224; 30 000 agents).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si Frontex jouissait jusqu'ici d'une impunit&#233; structurelle, la Cour de justice de l'UE a consid&#233;r&#233; en d&#233;cembre 2025 que le droit de l'Union imposait &#224; Frontex des obligations en mati&#232;re de protection des droits fondamentaux&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, Revue de presse d&#233;cembre 2025, 5 janvier 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh2-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Il &#233;tait temps.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ces op&#233;rations visent &#224; &#171; emp&#234;cher physiquement les migrant&#183;e&#183;s de quitter le territoire de leur &#201;tat d'origine ou d'un &#201;tat de transit, ou &#224; les renvoyer de force vers ce territoire, avant qu'ils ne puissent atteindre la juridiction de leur &#201;tat de destination. Cela signifie que, contrairement au &#171; pushback &#187;, qui est effectu&#233; lorsqu'une personne franchit effectivement la fronti&#232;re, les &#171; pullbacks &#187; ont lieu avant cela &#187;. &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Migration/OHCHR-thematic-report-SAR-protection-at-sea.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Lethal Disregard&#8221; : Search and rescue and the protection of migrants in the central Mediterranean Sea&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, Haut-Commissariat aux droits de l'Homme,mai 2021.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/69469/mediterranee--lue-va-financer-louverture-dun-centre-de-sauvetage-dans-lest-libyen-pour-intercepter-les-migrants-en-mer&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;M&#233;diterran&#233;e : l'UE va financer l'ouverture d'un centre de sauvetage dans l'est libyen pour intercepter les migrants en mer&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 27 janvier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3548.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Actualit&#233;s de l'Union europ&#233;enne - d&#233;cembre 2025/f&#233;vrier 2026 &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 4 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de Mediterranea, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://mediterranearescue.org/it/news/ancora-milioni-di-euro-per-la-collaborazione-con-criminali-di-guerra-in-libia&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Ancora milioni di euro per la collaborazione con criminali di guerra in Libia}&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 9 janvier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment AP, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-business-health-libya-migration-a30dd342513aeeede5a7558de4c3089d&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrant abuses continue in Libya. So does EU border training&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 25 janvier 2022, et le rapportdu Conseil de l'Union europ&#233;enne &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21185907-libyan-coast-guard-and-navy-monitoring-four-months-report-august-november-2021/ du Co&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Four monthly Libyan coast guard and navy monitoring report &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, ao&#251;t-novembre 2021&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir, par exemple, le dernier rapport de l'OHCHR et de l'UNSMIL &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/reports/business-usual-human-rights-violations-and-abuses-against-migrants-asylum-seekers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Business as Usual : Human Rights Violations and Abuses against Migrants, Asylum-Seekers, and Refugees in Libya&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 17 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; conjoint &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://tunisiansolidarity.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Pour la lib&#233;ration de l'activiste Saadia Mosbah &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 10 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Comme l'ont d&#233;montr&#233; les r&#233;cents arrangements avec les Talibans en &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70091/lallemagne-expulse-20-criminels-afghans-vers-kaboul&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Afghanistan&lt;/a&gt;(2025) et avec la &lt;a href=&#034;https://turkishminute.com/2024/09/28/germany-turkey-odd-over-migrant-deportation-deal/?utm_source=chatgpt.com&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Turquie&lt;/a&gt; (2024), destin&#233;s &#224; acc&#233;l&#233;rer les expulsions de leurs ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s, les personnes afghanes et turques constituent une grande partie des populations exil&#233;es vivant en Allemagne.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3516.html?lang_article=fr#outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;Revue de presse d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/a&gt;, 5 janvier 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Conseil des droits de l'homme des Nations Unies, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session61/advance-version/a-hrc-61-62-auv.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic&lt;/a&gt; &#187; 12 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Cour constitutionnelle,&lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.const-court.be/public/f/2026/2026-023f.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;arr&#234;t n&#176; 23/2026&lt;/a&gt;, 26 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Amnesty International &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2025/04/belgium-persistent-failure-to-provide-reception-violates-rights-and-dignity-of-people-seeking-asylum/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Belgique. Les manquements persistants en mati&#232;re d'accueil bafouent les droits et la dignit&#233; des personnes en qu&#234;te d'asile&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 3 avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir la &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/Lettera_aperta_22052025.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;lettre ouverte&lt;/a&gt;sign&#233;e par les chefs d'&#201;tat de l'Italie, du Danemark, de l'Autriche, de la Belgique, de la R&#233;publique tch&#232;que, de l'Estonie, de la Lettonie, de la Lituanie et de la Pologne, 22 mai 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet le rapport de Border Violence Monitoring Network, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://borderviolence.eu/blog/clothes-in-rivers-backpacks-on-fire-the-visibility-of-border-crossings-and-illegal-pushbacks-at-the-croatian-bosnian-border&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Clothes in the river, backpacks on fire : The (in)visibility of pushbacks at the Croatian-Bosnian border &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 11 juin 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Asylum Information Database (AIDA),Conseil europ&#233;en pour les personnes r&#233;fugi&#233;es et exil&#233;es (ECRE), &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://asylumineurope.org/reports/country/croatia/reception-conditions/housing/conditions-reception-facilities/#&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Conditions in reception facilities : Croatia &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, derni&#232;re mise &#224; jour le 20 janvier&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir l'&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.globaldetentionproject.org/countries/europe/croatia&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;aper&#231;u g&#233;n&#233;rale de la Croatie&lt;/a&gt; du Global Detention Project, s.d.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voirla d&lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2025/1348/oj/fra&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#233;cision (UE) 2025/1348 du Conseil&lt;/a&gt;, 27 janvier 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop,&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3434.html&#034;&gt;Revue de presse juin 2025&lt;/a&gt;, 7 juillet 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet : Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2025/08/27/mauritanie-des-annees-dabus-lies-aux-controles-des-migrations&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritanie : Des ann&#233;es d'abus li&#233;s aux contr&#244;les des migrations&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 27 ao&#251;t 2025 ; ASGI &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.asgi.it/en/publication/morocco-border-policies-at-the-root-of-forced-disappearances-and-human-rights-violations/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Morocco : Border policies at the root of forced disappearances and human rights violations&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 14 avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Les m&#234;mes inqui&#233;tudes ont &#233;t&#233; soulev&#233;es concernant le r&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;, adopt&#233; le 26 mars par le Parlement europ&#233;en. Voir &#224; ce sujet le communiqu&#233; conjoint &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?article7685&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;R&#232;glement retour : non &#224; une loi europ&#233;enne qui autorise les perquisitions &#224; domicile, la police dans les services publics et le profilage racial &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 23 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet The Guardian, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2026/mar/08/mahmoods-new-rules-will-leave-refugees-in-cruel-state-of-uncertainty&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mahmood's new rules will leave refugees in cruel state of uncertainty&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 8 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Scottish Refugee Council, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://scottishrefugeecouncil.org.uk/refugee-asylum-labour-changes-shabanamahmood/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Charities urge UK government to &#8216;step up' and be honest about realities of migration&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 5 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Migreurop,&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3482.html&#034;&gt;Revue de presse octobre 2025&lt;/a&gt;, 15 novembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/68956/uk-uses-visa-restrictions-to-pressure-african-countries-on-deportation-deals&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;UK uses visa restrictions to pressure African countries on deportation deals&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 30 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; de Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3560.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Adoption du r&#232;glement europ&#233;en &#171; retour &#187; : la mise &#224; mort du droit international&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 26 mars 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibidem&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Notamment le &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.eeas.europa.eu/niger/lunion-europeenne-et-le-niger_fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;partenariat UE-Niger&lt;/a&gt; de 2022&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 2-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3516.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Revue de presse d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/a&gt;, 5 janvier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
		<enclosure url="https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/draft_revue_de_presse_mars_2026-1.pdf" length="281357" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press review february 2026 </title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3552.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3552.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-03-10T17:11:48Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Egypte</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>German</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Cyprus</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Spain</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Detention</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Freedom of movement</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation of borders</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Monitoring and control </dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Forced returns</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Egypt InfoMigrants, 'In Egypt, arrests of African refugees are increasing as part of a widespread crackdown,' 25 February 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Egypt has launched a campaign of arrests and deportations of migrant people in an effort to halt arrivals. Nearly 5,000 migrants have been detained in police stations for reasons related solely to immigration and several human rights organisations have denounced the ill-treatment and violence suffered in these places of deprivation of liberty. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Such violence is (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot193.html" rel="tag"&gt;Egypte&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot16.html" rel="tag"&gt;German&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot45.html" rel="tag"&gt;Cyprus&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot19.html" rel="tag"&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot55.html" rel="tag"&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot169.html" rel="tag"&gt;Detention&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot178.html" rel="tag"&gt;Freedom of movement&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation of borders&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot195.html" rel="tag"&gt;Monitoring and control &lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot176.html" rel="tag"&gt;Forced returns&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/14-3-90e9d.png?1773162937' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Egypt&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Egypt&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisia&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Germany&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Cyrprus&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Cyrprus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Spain&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italy&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sweden&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Sweden&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;The concept of &#034;safe countries&#034;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;The concept of &#034;safe countries&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;The &#034;Return Regulation&#034; proposal&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;The &#034;Return Regulation&#034; (&#8230;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Egypt&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70023/en-egypte-les-arrestations-de-refugies-africains-se-multiplient-dans-une-vaste-campagne-de-repression&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;In Egypt, arrests of African refugees are increasing as part of a widespread crackdown&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;,' 25 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Egypt has launched a campaign of arrests and deportations of migrant people in an effort to halt arrivals. Nearly 5,000 migrants have been detained in police stations for reasons related solely to immigration and several human rights organisations have denounced the ill-treatment and violence suffered in these places of deprivation of liberty.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Such violence is not unprecedented in Egypt, which systematically flouts its international responsibilities in terms of reception and protection (it has ratified the Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees): arbitrary detention&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Amnesty International's press release 'Egypt: Refugees forced into (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; of migrants and refoulement are common practice. Yet, the European Union and its Member States have continued to strengthen their relations with Egypt since the early 2000s. The EU-Egypt partnership concluded in March 2025, which includes 'cooperation on migration and mobility'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, EuroNews, &#8220;Brussels to announce &#8364;75 million in financial (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , and the recent approval of two texts on the concept of 'safe countries'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular: Amnesty International, 'European Union: Adoption of safe (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, consolidate the attempt to relocate the violation of fundamental rights to a 'third' country. Through this deadly security cooperation, the EU is indirectly responsible for these violations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/afrique/20260203-tunisie-migrants-camp-sfax-autorites-forcer-retours-volontaires&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;'Tunisia: authorities accused of forcing 'voluntary' returns of migrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 3 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since early 2026, the El Amra and Jebeniana camps in Tunisia have been the target of repeated police operations to dismantle them. The aim of these destruction, confiscations and thefts is to push sub-Saharan migrant people into 'voluntary return' to their countries of origin. Normally managed by the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), these returns are also organised and promoted in an opaque and informal manner via WhatsApp groups, probably in conjunction with the Tunisian authorities.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So-called 'voluntary' return is not a free choice in Tunisia, but the only choice possible in the absence of safe alternatives, effectively turning it into a disguised expulsion and thus an instrument of fundamental rights violations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard the collective action, 'Manifesto. Voluntary humanitarian (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Police operations, arbitrary detentions, refoulements or expulsions via 'voluntary returns' suffered by migrants, as well as growing racism in Tunisia, make the country a notoriously unsafe place for people on the move&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard the EuroMed Rights network fact sheet, 'Safe on paper, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Yet the EU and its Member States continue to entrust Tunisia with the management of migration to Europe through the 2023 Memorandum of Understanding between Tunisia and the EU, which was strongly supported by the Italian government&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Plein Droit No. 125 by Gisti, 'Tunisia, a land of (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, and the 'safe countries' legislation approved by the European Parliament in February 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Germany&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Politico, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/berlin-germany-extend-beefed-up-border-check/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Berlin to extend beefed-up border checks&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 16 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Germany will extend internal border controls, reintroduced in September 2024 and presented as an important part of the country's migration policy strategy, until September 2026.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;While free movement is the founding principle of the Schengen area, since 2024 the Schengen Borders Code (SBC) has allowed for the temporary reintroduction of internal controls for a maximum period of six months, except in cases of serious threats to public order or national security, which would justify an extension of up to two years&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Regulation (EU)2016/399, Schengen Borders Code.&#034; id=&#034;nh3-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Since then, ten states have reintroduced border controls: France (which had already reintroduced such controls de facto since 2015), Poland, Sweden, Austria, Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Italy, Germany and Slovenia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With the arrival of Friedrich Merz in government and the adoption of a more repressive migration policy, Germany's borders are becoming increasingly militarised and several cases of returns to countries such as Afghanistan and Pakistan have been documented. Despite the rulings of national courts&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, Euractiv, 'Germany: court rules that turning away asylum (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; and reports by human rights organisations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard the 2024 reports by Amnesty International and Human (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , the government has not changed its approach, citing the need to 'contain threats to order and security' posed by so-called 'uncontrolled' immigration&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See InfoMigrants, 'Germany to extend border checks by six months ', 17 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Germany thus establishes a causal link between migration and crime, even though no direct correlation between the two has been proven. It is more likely to be a biased perception, which can be explained, for example, by the over-representation of migrants in certain official statistics and the greater media visibility of offences committed by migrants compared to those committed by nationals&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Centre d'&#233;tudes prospectives et d'informations (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Nevertheless, this correlation is regularly exploited in the public debate to justify serious violations of the rights of migrant people, such as refoulement and racial profiling.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70091/lallemagne-expulse-20-criminels-afghans-vers-kaboul&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Germany deports 20 Afghan criminals to Kabul&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;,' 27 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 26 February, Germany directly deported 20 Afghan nationals who had been convicted by the courts to Afghanistan. In 2024, Olaf Scholz's government had already deported convicted Afghan nationals, but via Qatar, which was responsible for organising their return to Kabul. This is the first time since the Taliban took power in 2021 that an EU member state has carried out a direct deportation to Afghanistan, via an agreement reached in 2025 between the German government and the Taliban.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This informal agreement violates the principle of non-refoulement and sets a dangerous precedent. It is part of a broader attempt by several European states to push the EU to coordinate a strategy of direct deportations to Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, EuroNews, 'Nineteen EU countries and Norway demand (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . This attempt may well succeed, as the European Commission began negotiations with the Taliban a few months ago on 'returns'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, InfoMigrants, 'Expulsions of Afghans from the EU: the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . These practices risk normalising relations with a country that the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights has described as a 'graveyard for human rights'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cyrprus&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/https:/www.infomigrants.net/en/post/69874/cyprus-intensifies-migration-enforcement-operations&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cyprus intensifies migration enforcement operations&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 17 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since mid-December, police operations in Cyprus aimed at detecting migrants without the right to stay have intensified. According to the authorities, 160 people have been deported and 480 have made so-called 'voluntary' returns.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cyprus currently holds the six-month presidency of the Council of the EU and its current priority is to demonstrate its performance in border management. This policy is part of its bid to join the Schengen area, scheduled for later in 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cyprus has already been accused and found guilty of violating the rights of migrant people on several occasions (notably the refoulement of Syrian asylum seekers&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop, 'Press review for March 2025,' 1 April 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh3-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ), but these decisions have had no effect: on the contrary, the southern part of the island continues to benefit from EU support for its migration policies that violate rights&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the EU's financial support programmes for migration (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spain&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Telquel Maroc, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://telquel.ma/instant-t/2026/02/04/sur-cnn-pedro-sanchez-salue-lefficacite-de-la-cooperation-migratoire-avec-le-maroc_1973907/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;'On CNN, Pedro S&#225;nchez praises the effectiveness of migration cooperation with Morocco&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;,' 4 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Spanish Prime Minister Pedro S&#225;nchez said in an interview with CNN that cooperation with Morocco has significantly reduced so-called 'irregular' immigration to Spain, describing this bilateral partnership as essential for managing migration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This statement comes after the announced regularisation of 500,000 migrant people in Spain and S&#225;nchez's explicit opposition to the creation of 'return centres' outside European borders for rejected asylum seekers&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop, 'Press review for January 2026,' 29 January 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh3-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In reality, however, Spain systematically outsources the management of its borders, entrusting it in particular to Morocco and Mauritania&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See InfoMigrants, 'Canary Islands route: more than 60% drop in migrant (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Acting in line with the EU and its Member States, Spain bears responsibility for human rights violations against migrant people in these countries, which have been widely documented in several reports&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See on this subject: Human Rights Watch, 'Mauritania: Years of Abuse Linked (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il Post, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/02/11/governo-approva-ddl-accoglienza-migranti/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Il governo ha approvato un disegno di legge che limita l'accoglienza dei migranti&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 11 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Internazionale, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.internazionale.it/notizie/annalisa-camilli/2026/02/17/blocco-navale-immigrazione&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Il blocco navale che non &#232; un blocco navale&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 17 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 11 February, the Italian government approved a draft immigration bill introducing new restrictive measures in advance of the European Union's Pact on Migration and Asylum. Among other things, the text provides for a 'naval blockade' of up to six months for vaguely defined security reasons, with heavy fines and confiscation of the vessel in the event of non-compliance with the ban on navigation in Italian territorial waters. Furthermore, migrants on board may be transferred to so-called third countries other than their countries of origin, with which Italy has concluded formal or informal agreements. Other measures include facilitated expulsion procedures, stricter criteria for family reunification and subsidiary protection, and a reduction in the guarantees granted to unaccompanied minors.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This bill contravenes international obligations on asylum and rescue at sea, and risks leading to collective refoulement at borders and on the high seas. In the wake of recent European legislation on the concept of 'safe countries', this bill exposes migrant people to serious human rights violations, particularly with regard to the individual examination of their asylum applications. Supported by the European Union, the Italian government continues to shirk its responsibilities in terms of reception and protection, and to systematically criminalise migrants and solidarity organisations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the joint statement against the draft law on the SOS M&#233;diterran&#233;e (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sweden&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/69959/a-18-ans-ils-perdent-le-droit-de-rester-dans-le-pays--vive-emotion-en-suede-autour-des-expulsions-dadolescents-etrangers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;At 18, they lose the right to stay in the country': strong emotions in Sweden over the deportation of foreign teenagers&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 20 February 2026 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In Sweden, many young migrant people are deported after reaching the age of majority. A reform adopted in 2016 stipulates that young people who reach the age of 18 before obtaining permanent resident status are no longer considered part of their parents' family unit. They are therefore no longer eligible for family reunification and are deprived of the right to stay.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cases of deportation of these young people to their 'countries of origin', with which they have little or no actual connection, are on the rise in the current context of Sweden's increasingly harsh migration policies&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the sections on Sweden in Migreurop, 'Press review 2025,' 1 January 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh3-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . It is becoming increasingly difficult for minors to obtain permanent resident status: family reunification applications are often processed with delays that result in some young people losing their protection&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the Human Rights Watch press release on this subject, 'Sweden Deporting (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Guarantees for families are being weakened, and Sweden is flouting its international obligations to respect private and family life and the best interests of the child.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2026/feb/05/home-office-60000-deported-removed-since-2024-election-migration&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Home Office says nearly 60,000 people deported from UK or left voluntarily since 2024 election&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; ', 5 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The UK government claims to have deported 60,000 criminals and migrants without the right to remain since Labour came to power (July 2024). According to some, the recent increase in deportations is the result of a desperate attempt to counter the far right (Reform UK is ahead of Labour in recent polls) through populist and criminalising rhetoric. In the wake of this, the United Kingdom has announced on several occasions its intention to introduce measures into its legislation aimed at limiting appeals against deportations by circumventing the application of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). In particular, this would be done through laws aimed at restricting the interpretation of Articles 3 (prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment) - which, however, allows for no exceptions&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;G&#228;fgen v. Germany [GC], no.22978/05%7D] , &#167; 107, ECHR 2010&#034; id=&#034;nh3-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; - and 8 (right to respect for private and family life).&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See The Guardian, &#8220;What does the UK want to change about human rights law &#8211; (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;However, these laws are not included among the asylum reform measures that (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The country is among those that signed an open letter in 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, the joint statement by 27 European countries calling for (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; calling for a more restrictive interpretation of these two articles, which could allow the expulsion of migrant people even in cases of dangerous returns&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard The Guardian, 'UK joins call for Europe's human rights (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . The United Kingdom thus joins the ranks of states that are challenging international law or seeking to adapt it to subordinate it to the dominant anti-migration ideology.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The concept of &#034;safe countries&#034;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/02/10/le-parlement-europeen-adopte-definitivement-deux-textes-cles-pour-durcir-la-politique-migratoire_6666154_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;European Parliament adopts two key texts to tighten &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;migration policy&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;,' 10 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 10 February, the European Parliament adopted two texts on the concept of 'safe countries', thanks to an alliance between the right and the far right. The first establishes a common list of countries of origin considered 'safe', including Tunisia, Morocco, Colombia, Kosovo, Egypt, India and Bangladesh. Member States will have to apply accelerated procedures to examine asylum applications from nationals of these countries, on the assumption that they do not, a priori, need protection. The second text, on 'safe third countries', allows any asylum application from persons who have transited through one of these countries to be declared inadmissible and for them to be deported there.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, systematic human rights violations have been widely documented in these countries considered 'safe' by the EU&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See EuroMed Rights, &#8216;Stop considering Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco as &#8220;safe&#8221; (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; . Furthermore, no one can guarantee that a country is safe for all its nationals.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The EU is thus shirking its responsibilities in terms of asylum, putting in place a punitive system of mass deportations and systematising the violation of the principle of non-refoulement and the right to an individual examination of asylum applications.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The &#034;Return Regulation&#034; proposal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/feb/16/eu-deportations-plan-ice-style-enforcement-rights-groups-warn&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;EU's deportations plan risks ICE-style enforcement, rights groups warn&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 16 February 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The EU is currently negotiating the 'Return Regulation', which aims to replace the 2008 Return Directive, the framework for detention and deportation within the EU, and which would, among other things, extend and normalise raids and surveillance measures in Member States. Member States would be required to 'detect' persons without the right to stay , thereby transforming everyday spaces and public services into tools of control, similar toBrigitte Espuche2026-03-09T11:23:00BEexplain what it is&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ICE in the United States (Immigration and Customs Enforcement)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;ICE: US agency responsible for immigration and customs enforcement, known (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;More than 80 associations have signed a statement warning that this regulation 'would consolidate a punitive system, fuelled by far-right rhetoric and based on racialised suspicion, denunciation, detention and deportation'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the joint statement on the PICUM website, &#8220;No to EU law enabling home (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The draft Return Regulation stems from a proposal by the European Commission in March 2025. It was approved in a more repressive version on 9 March by the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE), at the instigation of an alliance between the right and the far right and will be voted on in plenary in the coming days. The proposed measures include expanding coercive measures, facilitating forced expulsions and legalising outsourcing practices. This is yet another attack on the rights of migrant people and the European democratic order.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_5919 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;28&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/press_review_february_2026.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 1.4 MiB' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/14-3-f8cf0.png?1773218527' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Press review february 2026
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Amnesty International's press release '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.fr/communiques/egypte-des-personnes-refugiees-vivent-cachees-en-raison-des-arrestations-arbitraires-et-des-expulsions-illegales-menees-dans-un-contexte-de-repression/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Egypt: Refugees forced into hiding due to arbitrary arrests and illegal deportations amid crackdown&lt;/a&gt;', 16 February 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, EuroNews, &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/10/22/bruxelles-va-annoncer-une-aide-financiere-de-75-millions-deuros-au-caire&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;Brussels to announce &#8364;75 million in financial aid to&lt;/a&gt; Cairo&#8221;, 22 October 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular: Amnesty International, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.fr/communiques/union-europeenne-ladoption-de-regles-sur-les-pays-surs-est-une-nouvelle-attaque-contre-le-droit-dasile/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;European Union: Adoption of safe country rules is a new attack on the right to asylum&lt;/a&gt;,' 11 February 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard the collective action, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3395.html&#034;&gt;Manifesto. Voluntary humanitarian refusal: a choice you cannot refuse&lt;/a&gt;,' 1 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard the EuroMed Rights network fact sheet, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/tunisia-infosheet-fr.pdf&#034;&gt;'Safe on paper, dangerous in reality: Tunisia and the EU's return policy&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/tunisia-infosheet-fr.pdf&#034;&gt;'&lt;/a&gt; 20 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Plein Droit No. 125 by Gisti, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?article6468&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisia, a land of welcome... for European policies&lt;/a&gt;,' June 2020; Lawyers Without Borders '&lt;a href=&#034;https://asf.be/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/ASF_Italie-Tunisie_FR.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Italy-Tunisia migration agreements: human costs and security abuses&lt;/a&gt;,' report, 11 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Regulation (EU)&lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/399/oj?locale=fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;2016/399&lt;/a&gt;, Schengen Borders Code.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, Euractiv, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/allemagne-un-tribunal-juge-illegaux-les-refoulements-de-demandeurs-dasile-a-la-frontiere/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Germany: court rules that turning away asylum seekers at the border is illegal&lt;/a&gt;', 2 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard the 2024 reports by &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/europe-and-central-asia/western-central-and-south-eastern-europe/germany/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Amnesty International&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2025/country-chapters/germany&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Human Rights Watch&lt;/a&gt; on the human rights situation in Germany&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See InfoMigrants, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/69883/germany-to-extend-border-checks-by-six-months&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Germany to extend border checks by six months&lt;/a&gt; ', 17 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Centre d'&#233;tudes prospectives et d'informations internationales (CEPII), '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cepii.fr/PDF_PUB/lettre/2023/let436.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Immigration and crime: realities and perceptions&lt;/a&gt;,' April 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, EuroNews, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/10/18/nineteen-eu-countries-and-norway-demand-measures-to-return-afghans-either-voluntarily-or-f&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Nineteen EU countries and Norway demand measures to return Afghans either voluntarily or forcibly&lt;/a&gt; ', 18 October 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, InfoMigrants, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/67635/expulsions-dafghans-depuis-lue--la-commission-europeenne-annonce-discuter-avec-les-taliban&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Expulsions of Afghans from the EU: the European Commission announces talks with the Taliban&lt;/a&gt;,' 21 October 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3402.html&#034;&gt;Press review for March 2025&lt;/a&gt;,' 1 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the &lt;a href=&#034;https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/migration-management-cyprus/financial-support-eu_en&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;EU's financial support programmes&lt;/a&gt; for migration management in Cyprus&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3536.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Press review for January 2026&lt;/a&gt;,' 29 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See InfoMigrants, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/69028/route-des-canaries--chute-de-plus-de-60-des-arrivees-de-migrants-dans-larchipel-espagnol-en-2025&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Canary Islands route: more than 60% drop in migrant arrivals in the Spanish archipelago in 2025&lt;/a&gt;,' 5 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See on this subject: Human Rights Watch, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2025/08/27/mauritanie-des-annees-dabus-lies-aux-controles-des-migrations&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritania: Years of Abuse Linked to Migration Controls&lt;/a&gt;', 27 August 2025; ASGI '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.asgi.it/en/publication/morocco-border-policies-at-the-root-of-forced-disappearances-and-human-rights-violations/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Morocco: Border policies at the root of forced disappearances and human rights violations&lt;/a&gt;', 14 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the joint statement against the draft law on the SOS M&#233;diterran&#233;e website, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://sosmediterranee.fr/communiques-et-declarations/declaration-commune-pays-dits-surs-et-blocus-naval-le-gouvernement-italien-sattaque-aux-ong-de-sauvetage-en-mer/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;So-called 'safe' countries and 'naval blockade': the Italian government attacks sea rescue NGOs and the rights of migrants&lt;/a&gt;,' 12 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the sections on Sweden in Migreurop, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3531.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Press review 2025&lt;/a&gt;,' 1 January 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the Human Rights Watch press release on this subject, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/02/19/sweden-deporting-young-people&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Sweden Deporting Young People&lt;/a&gt;', 19 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;G&#228;fgen v. Germany [GC], no.&lt;a href=&#034;https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#%7B%22appno%22:[%2222978/05%22&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;22978/05&lt;/a&gt;%7D] , &#167; 107, ECHR 2010&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See The Guardian, &#8220;What does the UK want to change about human rights law &#8211; and will it happen?&#8221;, 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;However, these laws are not included among the asylum reform measures that came into force at the beginning of March&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, the joint statement by 27 European countries calling for a more restrictive interpretation of Articles 3 and 8 of the ECHR, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-to-the-conference-of-ministers-of-justice-of-the-council-of-europe&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Joint Statement to the Conference of Ministers of Justice of the Council of Europe&lt;/a&gt;', 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard The Guardian, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/dec/10/uk-joins-call-for-europes-human-rights-laws-to-be-constrained&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;UK joins call for Europe's human rights laws to be 'constrained'&lt;/a&gt; ,' 10 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See EuroMed Rights, &lt;a href=&#034;https://euromedrights.org/fr/publication/arretez-de-considerer-legypte-la-tunisie-et-le-maroc-comme-des-pays-surs/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;Stop considering Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco as &#8220;safe&#8221; countries!&lt;/a&gt;', 16 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;ICE: US agency responsible for immigration and customs enforcement, known for its coercive practices and intimidating raids against migrants&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3-29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the joint statement on the PICUM website, &lt;a href=&#034;https://picum.org/blog/no-to-eu-law-enabling-home-raids-policing-of-public-services-and-racial-profiling/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;No to EU law enabling home raids, policing of public services and racial&lt;/a&gt; profiling&#8221;, 11 February 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Revue de presse f&#233;vrier 2026 </title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3551.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3551.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-03-10T16:28:28Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Militarisation des fronti&#232;res</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Politiques migratoires</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Renvois forc&#233;s</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Surveillance et contr&#244;le</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Su&#232;de</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Espagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Chypre</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Allemagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Egypte</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Libert&#233; de circulation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Egypte InfoMigrants, &#171; En &#201;gypte, les arrestations de r&#233;fugi&#233;s africains se multiplient dans une vaste campagne de r&#233;pression &#187;, le 25 f&#233;vrier 2026 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
L'&#201;gypte a lanc&#233; une campagne d'arrestations et d'expulsions de personnes exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s, dans le but d'enrayer les arriv&#233;es. Pr&#232;s de 5 000 migrant&#183;e&#183;s ont &#233;t&#233; plac&#233;s en d&#233;tention dans les commissariats pour des raisons li&#233;e uniquement &#224; l'immigration, et plusieurs organisations de d&#233;fense des droits humains d&#233;noncent les mauvais traitements et les (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/2-3-46e5f.png?1773160177' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Egypte&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Egypte&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Allemagne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Allemagne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Chypre&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Chypre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Espagne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Espagne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Italie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Su&#232;de&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Le concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Le concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &amp;#187&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Le R&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Le R&#232;glement &#171; retour &amp;#187&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Egypte&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70023/en-egypte-les-arrestations-de-refugies-africains-se-multiplient-dans-une-vaste-campagne-de-repression&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;En &#201;gypte, les arrestations de r&#233;fugi&#233;s africains se multiplient dans une vaste campagne de r&#233;pression&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 25 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'&#201;gypte a lanc&#233; une campagne d'arrestations et d'expulsions de personnes exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s, dans le but d'enrayer les arriv&#233;es. Pr&#232;s de 5 000 migrant&#183;e&#183;s ont &#233;t&#233; plac&#233;s en d&#233;tention dans les commissariats pour des raisons li&#233;e uniquement &#224; l'immigration, et plusieurs organisations de d&#233;fense des droits humains d&#233;noncent les mauvais traitements et les violences subis dans ces lieux de privation de libert&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ces violences ne sont pas in&#233;dites en &#201;gypte, qui bafoue syst&#233;matiquement ses responsabilit&#233;s internationales en mati&#232;re d'accueil et de protection (il a ratifi&#233; la Convention de Gen&#232;ve relative au statut des r&#233;fugi&#233;s) : les d&#233;tentions arbitraires&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens le communiqu&#233; de presse de Amnesty International &#171; &#201;gypte. (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; de migrant&#183;e&#183;s et refoulements y sont une pratique courante. Pourtant, l'Union europ&#233;enne et ses &#201;tats membres n'ont cess&#233; de renforcer leurs relations avec ce pays depuis le d&#233;but des ann&#233;es 2000. Le partenariat UE&#8211;&#201;gypte conclu en mars 2025, qui inclut une &#171; coop&#233;ration en mati&#232;re de migration et mobilit&#233; &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment EuroNews, &#171; Bruxelles va annoncer une aide financi&#232;re de 75 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , et la r&#233;cente approbation des deux textes sur le concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment : Amnesty International, &#171; Union europ&#233;enne. L'adoption de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; consolident la tentative de d&#233;localiser la violation des droits fondamentaux vers un pays &#171; tiers &#187;. &#192; travers cette coop&#233;ration s&#233;curitaire et meurtri&#232;re, l'UE se rend indirectement responsable de ces violations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tunisie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;France24,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.france24.com/fr/afrique/20260203-tunisie-migrants-camp-sfax-autorites-forcer-retours-volontaires&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#171; Tunisie : les autorit&#233;s accus&#233;es de forcer les retours 'volontaires' des migrants &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 3 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis d&#233;but 2026, les campements d'El Amra et Jebeniana, en Tunisie, font l'objet d'op&#233;rations polici&#232;res r&#233;p&#233;t&#233;es de d&#233;mant&#232;lement. L'objectif des destructions, confiscations et vols serait de pousser les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s subsaharien&#183;ne&#183;s au &#171; retour volontaire &#187; dans leurs pays d'origine. Normalement g&#233;r&#233;s par l'Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM), ces retours sont &#233;galement organis&#233;s et promus de mani&#232;re opaque et informelle via des groupes WhatsApp, probablement en lien avec les autorit&#233;s tunisiennes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le retour dit &#171; volontaire &#187; n'est pas un choix libre en Tunisie, mais le seul choix possible en l'absence d'alternatives s&#251;res, se transformant de fait en expulsion d&#233;guis&#233;e et donc en un instrument de violation des droits fondamentaux&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens l'action collective, &#171; Manifesto. Voluntary humanitarian (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les op&#233;rations polici&#232;res, les d&#233;tentions arbitraires, les refoulements ou les expulsions via les &#171; retours volontaires &#187; subis par les migrant&#183;e&#183;s, ainsi que le racisme croissant en Tunisie, font du pays un lieu notoirement non s&#251;r pour les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens la fiche d'information du r&#233;seau EuroMed Droits, &#171; S&#251;r sur (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Pourtant, l'UE et ses &#201;tats membres continuent &#224; lui confier la gestion des mouvements migratoires vers l'Europe via le m&#233;morandum d'entente conclu en 2023 entre la Tunisie et l'UE, largement soutenu par le gouvernement italien&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Plein Droit n&#176; 125 du Gisti, &#171; La Tunisie, terre d'accueil&#8230; (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, ou les textes sur les &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187; approuv&#233;s par le Parlement Europ&#233;en en f&#233;vrier 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Allemagne&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt; &lt;i&gt;Politico, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/berlin-germany-extend-beefed-up-border-check/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Berlin to extend beefed-up border checks&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 16 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'Allemagne prolongera jusqu'en septembre 2026 les contr&#244;les &#224; ses fronti&#232;res internes, r&#233;introduits en septembre 2024 et pr&#233;sent&#233;s comme un &#233;l&#233;ment important de la r&#233;organisation de la politique migratoire du pays.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Si la libre circulation est le principe fondateur de l'espace Schengen, le Code fronti&#232;res Schengen (CFS) autorise depuis 2024 le r&#233;tablissement temporaire des contr&#244;les int&#233;rieurs pour une dur&#233;e maximale de six mois, sauf en cas de menace grave pour l'ordre public ou pour la s&#233;curit&#233; nationale, ce qui justifierait une prolongation jusqu'&#224; deux ans&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;R&#232;glement (UE) 2016/399, code fronti&#232;res Schengen.&#034; id=&#034;nh4-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Depuis lors, dix &#201;tats ont r&#233;tabli des contr&#244;les aux fronti&#232;res : la France (qui avait d&#233;j&#224; r&#233;introduit de tels contr&#244;les de facto depuis 2015), la Pologne, la Su&#232;de, l'Autriche, la Norv&#232;ge, le Danemark, les Pays-Bas, l'Italie, l'Allemagne et la Slov&#233;nie.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Avec l'arriv&#233;e de Friedrich Merz au gouvernement et l'adoption d'une politique migratoire plus r&#233;pressive, les fronti&#232;res allemandes sont de plus en plus militaris&#233;es et plusieurs cas de renvois vers des pays comme l'Afghanistan ou le Pakistan ont &#233;t&#233; document&#233;s. Malgr&#233; les d&#233;cisions des tribunaux nationaux&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Euractiv, &#171; Allemagne : un tribunal juge ill&#233;gaux les (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; et les signalements des organisation de d&#233;fense de droits humains&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens les Rapports 2024 de Amnesty International et de Human (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, le gouvernement n'a pas chang&#233; d'approche, invoquant la n&#233;cessit&#233; de &#171; contenir les menaces &#224; l'ordre et &#224; la s&#233;curit&#233; &#187; repr&#233;sent&#233;es par une immigration dite &#171; incontr&#244;l&#233;e &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir InfoMigrants, &#171; Germany to extend border checks by six months &#187;, 17 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. L'Allemagne &#233;tablit ainsi un lien de causalit&#233; entre migration et criminalit&#233;, alors qu'aucune corr&#233;lation directe entre les deux n'a pu &#234;tre prouv&#233;e. Il s'agirait plut&#244;t d'une perception biais&#233;e, qui s'expliquerait par exemple par la surrepr&#233;sentation des migrant&#183;e&#183;s dans certaines statistiques officielles et une plus grande visibilit&#233; m&#233;diatique des infractions commises par le migrant&#183;e&#183;s par rapport &#224; celles commises par les nationaux&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment Centre d'&#233;tudes prospectives et d'informations (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Cette corr&#233;lation est n&#233;anmoins r&#233;guli&#232;rement instrumentalis&#233;e dans le d&#233;bat public pour justifier de graves atteintes aux droits des personnes exil&#233;es, telles que refoulements et discrimination au faci&#232;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/70091/lallemagne-expulse-20-criminels-afghans-vers-kaboul&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;L'Allemagne expulse 20 criminels afghans vers Kaboul &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 27 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 26 f&#233;vrier, l'Allemagne a proc&#233;d&#233; a une expulsion directe vers l'Afghanistan de 20 ressortissants afghans ayant &#233;t&#233; condamn&#233;s par la justice. En 2024, le gouvernement d'Olaf Scholz avait d&#233;j&#224; expuls&#233; des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s afghan&#183;e&#183;s condamn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s, mais via le Qatar, qui se chargeait d'organiser leur renvoi &#224; Kaboul. C'est la premi&#232;re fois, depuis la prise de pouvoir des talibans en 2021, qu'un &#201;tat membre de l'UE proc&#232;de &#224; une expulsion directe vers l'Afghanistan, via un arrangement conclu en 2025 entre le gouvernement allemand et les talibans.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cet accord informel viole le principe de non-refoulement et cr&#233;e un pr&#233;c&#233;dent dangereux. Il s'inscrit dans une tentative plus large de plusieurs &#201;tats europ&#233;ens de pousser l'UE &#224; coordonner une strat&#233;gie d'expulsions directes vers l'Afghanistan&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment EuroNews, &#171; Nineteen EU countries and Norway demand measures (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Une tentative qui pourrait bien r&#233;ussir, la Commission europ&#233;enne ayant entam&#233; depuis quelques mois des n&#233;gociations avec les talibans en mati&#232;re de &#171; retours &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment InfoMigrants &#171; Expulsions d'Afghans depuis l'UE : la (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Ces pratiques risquent de normaliser les relations avec un pays que le Haut-Commissariat aux droits de l'homme a qualifi&#233; de &#171; cimeti&#232;re des droits humains &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chypre&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/https:/www.infomigrants.net/en/post/69874/cyprus-intensifies-migration-enforcement-operations&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cyprus intensifies migration enforcement operations&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 17 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis mi-d&#233;cembre, les op&#233;rations polici&#232;res &#224; Chypre visant &#224; d&#233;tecter les migrant&#183;e&#183;s sans droit au s&#233;jour se sont intensifi&#233;es. Selon les autorit&#233;s, 160 personnes ont &#233;t&#233; expuls&#233;es et 480 ont effectu&#233; des retours dits &#171; volontaires &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chypre assure actuellement la pr&#233;sidence de six mois du Conseil de l'UE et sa priorit&#233; actuelle est de d&#233;montrer sa performance en mati&#232;re de gestion des fronti&#232;res. Cette politique s'inscrit dans le contexte de sa candidature &#224; rejoindre l'espace Schengen, pr&#233;vue plus tard en 2026.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chypre a d&#233;j&#224; &#233;t&#233; plusieurs fois accus&#233;e et reconnue coupable de violations des droits des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s (notamment des refoulements de demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile syrien&#183;ne&#183;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir Migreurop, &#171; Revue de Presse de mars 2025 &#187;, 1 avril 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh4-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;), mais ces d&#233;cisions n'ont eu aucun effet : bien au contraire, la partie Sud de l'&#238;le continue de b&#233;n&#233;ficier du soutien de l'UE dans ses politiques migratoires attentatoires aux droits&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment les programmes de soutien financier de l'UE pour la gestion (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Espagne&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Telquel Maroc,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://telquel.ma/instant-t/2026/02/04/sur-cnn-pedro-sanchez-salue-lefficacite-de-la-cooperation-migratoire-avec-le-maroc_1973907/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#171; Sur CNN, Pedro S&#225;nchez salue l'efficacit&#233; de la coop&#233;ration migratoire avec le Maroc &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 4 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Premier ministre espagnol Pedro S&#225;nchez a d&#233;clar&#233; lors d'un entretien &#224; la CNN que la coop&#233;ration avec le Maroc a fortement r&#233;duit l'immigration dite &#171; irr&#233;guli&#232;re &#187; vers l'Espagne, qualifiant ce partenariat bilat&#233;ral essentiel pour la gestion des mouvements migratoires.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette d&#233;claration intervient apr&#232;s la r&#233;gularisation annonc&#233;e de 500 000 personnes exil&#233;es en Espagne et l'opposition explicite de S&#225;nchez &#224; la cr&#233;ation de &#171; centres de retour &#187; hors des fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes pour les demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile d&#233;bout&#233;&#183;e&#183;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir Migreurop, &#171; Revue de Presse de janvier 2026 &#187;, 29 janvier 2026&#034; id=&#034;nh4-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans les faits pourtant, ce pays externalise syst&#233;matiquement la gestion de ses fronti&#232;res, en la confiant notamment au Maroc et &#224; la Mauritanie&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; Route des Canaries : chute de plus de 60% (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Agissant dans le sillage de l'UE et de ses &#201;tats membres, l'Espagne porte une responsabilit&#233; dans les violations des droits humains envers les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s dans ces pays, largement document&#233;es dans plusieurs rapports&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet : Human Rights Watch, &#171; Mauritanie : Des ann&#233;es d'abus li&#233;s (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Italie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il Post, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ilpost.it/2026/02/11/governo-approva-ddl-accoglienza-migranti/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt; Il governo ha approvato un disegno di legge che limita l'accoglienza dei migranti&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 11 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Internazionale, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.internazionale.it/notizie/annalisa-camilli/2026/02/17/blocco-navale-immigrazione&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Il blocco navale che non &#232; un blocco navale &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 17 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 11 f&#233;vrier, le gouvernement italien a approuv&#233; un projet de loi sur l'immigration introduisant de nouvelles mesures restrictives en application anticip&#233;e du Pacte de l'Union europ&#233;enne sur la migration et l'asile. Le texte pr&#233;voit, entre autres, un &#8220;blocus naval&#8221; jusqu'&#224; six mois pour de raisons de s&#233;curit&#233; d&#233;finies de mani&#232;re vague, avec des lourdes amendes et la confiscation du navire en cas de non-respect de l'interdiction de navigation dans les eaux territoriales italiennes. D'ailleurs, les migrant&#183;e&#183;s &#224; bord pourront &#234;tre transf&#233;r&#233;&#183;e&#183;s vers des pays dits tiers autres que les pays d'origine, avec lesquels l'Italie aurait conclu des accords formels ou informels. Parmi les autres mesures pr&#233;vues, figurent des proc&#233;dures d'expulsion facilit&#233;s, des crit&#232;res plus stricts en mati&#232;re de regroupement familial et de protection subsidiaire, ainsi qu'une r&#233;duction des garanties accord&#233;es aux mineur&#183;e&#183;s non accompagn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce projet de loi contrevient aux obligations internationales en mati&#232;re d'asile et de sauvetage en mer, et risque d'entra&#238;ner des refoulements collectifs aux fronti&#232;res et en haute mer. Dans le sillage des r&#233;cents textes europ&#233;ens sur le concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;, ce projet expose les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; de graves violations des droits humains, notamment quant &#224; l'examen individuel de leur demande d'asile. Soutenu par l'Union europ&#233;enne, le gouvernement italien continue de se d&#233;fausser de ses responsabilit&#233;s en mati&#232;re d'accueil et de protection, et de syst&#233;matiser la criminalisation des migrant&#183;e&#183;s et des organisations solidaires&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir sur le site de SOS M&#233;diterran&#233;e la d&#233;claration commune contre le projet (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Su&#232;de&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/69959/a-18-ans-ils-perdent-le-droit-de-rester-dans-le-pays--vive-emotion-en-suede-autour-des-expulsions-dadolescents-etrangers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#192; 18 ans, ils perdent le droit de rester dans le pays' : vive &#233;motion en Su&#232;de autour des expulsions d'adolescents &#233;trangers &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 20 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En Su&#232;de, de nombreux&#183;se&#183;s jeunes exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s sont expuls&#233;&#183;e&#183;s apr&#232;s avoir atteint la majorit&#233;. Une r&#233;forme adopt&#233;e en 2016 pr&#233;voit que les jeunes qui atteignent l'&#226;ge de 18 ans avant d'obtenir le statut de r&#233;sident&#183;e permanent&#183;e ne sont plus consid&#233;r&#233;&#183;e&#183;s comme faisant partie de la cellule familiale de leurs parents. Ils et elles ne peuvent d&#232;s lors plus b&#233;n&#233;ficier du regroupement familial et sont priv&#233;&#183;e&#183;s du droit au s&#233;jour.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les cas d'expulsion de ces jeunes vers des pays &#171; d'origine &#187;, avec lesquels ils et elles n'ont en r&#233;alit&#233; que peu, voire aucun, lien effectif, se multiplient dans le contexte actuel du durcissement des politiques migratoire su&#233;doises&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Consulter les sections relatives &#224; la Su&#232;de dans Migreurop, &#171; Revue de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le statut de r&#233;sident&#183;e permanent&#183;e est de plus en plus difficile &#224; obtenir par les mineur&#183;e&#183;s : les dossiers de regroupement familial sont souvent trait&#233;s avec des d&#233;lais qui entra&#238;nent la perte de protection pour certains jeunes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet le communiqu&#233; de presse de Human Rights Watch, &#171; Sweden (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Les garanties pour les familles sont affaiblies, et la Su&#232;de bafoue ses obligations internationales relatives au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale et de l'int&#233;r&#234;t sup&#233;rieur de l'enfant.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2026/feb/05/home-office-60000-deported-removed-since-2024-election-migration&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Home Office says nearly 60,000 people deported from UK or left voluntarily since 2024 election&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 5 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le gouvernement du Royaume-Uni affirme avoir expuls&#233; 60 000 criminels et migrant&#183;e&#183;s sans droit au s&#233;jour depuis l'arriv&#233;e au pouvoir des travaillistes (juillet 2024). La r&#233;cente augmentation des expulsions r&#233;sulterait, selon certain&#183;e&#183;s, d'une tentative d&#233;sesp&#233;r&#233;e de contrer l'extr&#234;me droite (Reform UK devan&#231;ant les travaillistes dans les r&#233;cents sondages), par le biais d'une rh&#233;torique populiste et criminalisante. Dans ce sillage, le Royaume-Uni a annonc&#233; plusieurs fois de vouloir introduire dans sa l&#233;gislation des mesures visant &#224; limiter les recours contre les expulsions &#224;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
travers le contournement de l'application de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme (CEDH). Notamment, via de lois visant &#224; restreindre l'interpr&#233;tation des articles&#8239;3 (interdiction des traitements inhumains ou d&#233;gradants) - qui ne souffre pourtant aucune exception&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;G&#228;fgen c. Allemagne [GC], no 22978/05%7D], &#167; 107, CEDH 2010&#034; id=&#034;nh4-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; - et&#8239;8 (droit au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale).&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir The Guardian, &#171; What does UK want to change about human rights law &#8211; (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Parmi les mesures de la r&#233;forme de l'asile entr&#233;es en vigueur d&#233;but mars, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le pays figure parmi ceux ayant sign&#233; en 2025 une lettre ouverte&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; conjoint de 27 pays europ&#233;ens pour une (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; appelant &#224; une interpr&#233;tation plus restrictive de ces deux articles, ce qui pourrait permettre l'expulsion des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s m&#234;me en cas de renvois dangereux&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens The Guardian, &#171; UK joins call for Europe's human rights laws (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Le Royaume-Uni rejoint ainsi les &#201;tats qui remettent en cause le droit international, ou cherchent &#224; l'adapter pour le subordonner &#224; l'id&#233;ologie anti-migratoire dominante.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde,&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;&#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2026/02/10/le-parlement-europeen-adopte-definitivement-deux-textes-cles-pour-durcir-la-politique-migratoire_6666154_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Parlement europ&#233;en adopte d&#233;finitivement deux textes-cl&#233;s pour durcir la &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;politique migratoire&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 10 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 10 f&#233;vrier, le Parlement europ&#233;en a adopt&#233; deux textes sur le concept de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;, gr&#226;ce &#224; une alliance de la droite et de l'extr&#234;me droite. Le premier &#233;tablit une liste commune de pays d'origine consid&#233;r&#233;s comme &#171; s&#251;rs &#187;, incluant la Tunisie, le Maroc, la Colombie, le Kosovo, l'&#201;gypte, l'Inde et le Bangladesh. Les &#201;tats membres devront appliquer des proc&#233;dures acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;es pour examiner les demandes d'asile des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s de ces pays, en partant du principe qu'ils et elles n'ont a priori pas besoin de protection. Le second texte, relatif aux &#171; pays tiers s&#251;rs &#187;, permet de d&#233;clarer irrecevable toute demande d'asile des personnes ayant transit&#233; par l'un de ces pays et de l'y expulser.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pourtant, dans ces pays consid&#233;r&#233;s comme &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; par l'UE des violations syst&#233;matiques des droits humains ont &#233;t&#233; largement document&#233;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir &#224; ce sujet EuroMed Droits &#171; Arr&#234;tez de consid&#233;rer l'&#201;gypte, la Tunisie (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Par ailleurs, nul ne peut garantir qu'un pays soit s&#251;r pour l'ensemble de ses ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'UE se d&#233;fausse ainsi de ses responsabilit&#233;s en mati&#232;re d'asile, mettant en place un syst&#232;me punitif d'expulsions massives et syst&#233;matisant la violation du principe de non-refoulement et du droit &#224; un examen individuel des demandes d'asile.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le R&#232;glement &#171; retour &#187;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/feb/16/eu-deportations-plan-ice-style-enforcement-rights-groups-warn&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;EU's deportations plan risks ICE-style enforcement, rights groups warn&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 16 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'UE n&#233;gocie actuellement le &#171; R&#232;glement retour &#187;, qui vise &#224; remplacer la Directive retour de 2008, qui est le cadre de d&#233;tention et d'expulsion au sein de l'UE, qui viserait entre autres &#224; &#233;tendre et normaliser les rafles et les mesures de surveillance dans les &#201;tats membres. Ceux-ci seraient tenus de &#171; d&#233;tecter &#187; les personnes sans droit au s&#233;jour, transformant ainsi les espaces du quotidien et les services publics en outils de contr&#244;le, &#224; l'image de l'ICE aux &#201;tats-Unis (l&lt;i&gt;'Immigration and Customs Enforcement)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;ICE : agence am&#233;ricaine charg&#233;e de l'immigration et du contr&#244;le des douanes, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Plus de 80 associations ont sign&#233; une d&#233;claration alertant que ce r&#232;glement &#171; consoliderait un syst&#232;me punitif, aliment&#233; par la rh&#233;torique d'extr&#234;me droite et fond&#233; sur la suspicion racialis&#233;e, la d&#233;nonciation, la d&#233;tention et l'expulsion &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir sur le site de PICUM le communiqu&#233; conjoint &#171; No to EU law enabling (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh4-29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le projet de R&#232;glement retour d&#233;coule d'une proposition de la Commission europ&#233;enne de mars 2025. Il a &#233;t&#233; approuv&#233; dans une version plus r&#233;pressive le 9 mars par la Commission des libert&#233;s civiles, de la justice et des affaires int&#233;rieures (LIBE) du Parlement europ&#233;en, sous l'impulsion d'une alliance entre la droite et l'extr&#234;me droite, et sera vot&#233; en pl&#233;ni&#232;re dans les prochaines jours. Parmi les mesures propos&#233;es figurent l'&#233;largissement des moyens coercitifs, la facilitation des expulsions forc&#233;es et la l&#233;galisation des pratiques d'externalisation. Une &#233;ni&#232;me atteinte aux droits des personnes exil&#233;es et &#224; l'ordre d&#233;mocratique europ&#233;en.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_5910 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;30&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/revue_de_presse_fevrier_2026_-_fr_.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 283.3 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/2-6-40d28.png?1773160177' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Revue de presse f&#233;vrier 2026
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens le communiqu&#233; de presse de Amnesty International &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.fr/communiques/egypte-des-personnes-refugiees-vivent-cachees-en-raison-des-arrestations-arbitraires-et-des-expulsions-illegales-menees-dans-un-contexte-de-repression/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#201;gypte. Des personnes r&#233;fugi&#233;es vivent cach&#233;es en raison des arrestations arbitraires et des expulsions ill&#233;gales men&#233;es dans un contexte de r&#233;pression&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 16 f&#233;vrier 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment EuroNews, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/10/22/bruxelles-va-annoncer-une-aide-financiere-de-75-millions-deuros-au-caire&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Bruxelles va annoncer une aide financi&#232;re de 75 millions d'euros au Caire&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 22 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment : Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.fr/communiques/union-europeenne-ladoption-de-regles-sur-les-pays-surs-est-une-nouvelle-attaque-contre-le-droit-dasile/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Union europ&#233;enne. L'adoption de r&#232;gles sur les pays s&#251;rs est une nouvelle attaque contre le droit d'asile&lt;/a&gt; &#187; , 11 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens l'action collective, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3395.html&#034;&gt;Manifesto. Voluntary humanitarian refusal : a choice you cannot refuse&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 1 avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens la fiche d'information du r&#233;seau EuroMed Droits, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/tunisia-infosheet-fr.pdf&#034;&gt;&#171; S&#251;r sur le papier, dangereux dans la r&#233;alit&#233; : La Tunisie et la politique de retour de l'UE &#187;&lt;/a&gt;, 20 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Plein Droit n&#176; 125 du Gisti, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?article6468&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La Tunisie, terre d'accueil&#8230; des politiques europ&#233;ennes&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, juin 2020 ; Avocats Sans Fronti&#232;res &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://asf.be/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/ASF_Italie-Tunisie_FR.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Accords migratoires Italie-Tunisie : co&#251;ts humains et d&#233;rives s&#233;curitaires&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, rapport, 11 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;R&#232;glement (UE) &lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/399/oj?locale=fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;2016/399&lt;/a&gt;, code fronti&#232;res Schengen.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Euractiv, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/allemagne-un-tribunal-juge-illegaux-les-refoulements-de-demandeurs-dasile-a-la-frontiere/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Allemagne : un tribunal juge ill&#233;gaux les refoulements de demandeurs d'asile &#224; la fronti&#232;re &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 2 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens les Rapports 2024 de &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/europe-and-central-asia/western-central-and-south-eastern-europe/germany/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Amnesty International&lt;/a&gt; et de &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2025/country-chapters/germany&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Human Rights Watch&lt;/a&gt; sur la situation des droits humains en Allemagne&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/69883/germany-to-extend-border-checks-by-six-months&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Germany to extend border checks by six months&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 17 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment Centre d'&#233;tudes prospectives et d'informations internationales (CEPII), &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cepii.fr/PDF_PUB/lettre/2023/let436.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Immigration et d&#233;linquance : r&#233;alit&#233;s et perceptions&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, avril 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment EuroNews, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/10/18/nineteen-eu-countries-and-norway-demand-measures-to-return-afghans-either-voluntarily-or-f&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Nineteen EU countries and Norway demand measures to return Afghans either voluntarily or forcibly &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 18 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment InfoMigrants &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/67635/expulsions-dafghans-depuis-lue--la-commission-europeenne-annonce-discuter-avec-les-taliban&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Expulsions d'Afghans depuis l'UE : la Commission europ&#233;enne annonce discuter avec les Taliban&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 21 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3402.html&#034;&gt;Revue de Presse de mars 2025 &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 1 avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment les &lt;a href=&#034;https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/migration-management/migration-management-cyprus/financial-support-eu_en&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;programmes de soutien financier de l'UE&lt;/a&gt; pour la gestion des migrations &#224; Chypre&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3536.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Revue de Presse de janvier 2026&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 29 janvier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/69028/route-des-canaries--chute-de-plus-de-60-des-arrivees-de-migrants-dans-larchipel-espagnol-en-2025&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Route des Canaries : chute de plus de 60% des arriv&#233;es de migrants dans l'archipel espagnol en 2025 &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 5 janvier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet : Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2025/08/27/mauritanie-des-annees-dabus-lies-aux-controles-des-migrations&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritanie : Des ann&#233;es d'abus li&#233;s aux contr&#244;les des migrations&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 27 ao&#251;t 2025 ; ASGI &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.asgi.it/en/publication/morocco-border-policies-at-the-root-of-forced-disappearances-and-human-rights-violations/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Morocco : Border policies at the root of forced disappearances and human rights violations&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 14 avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir sur le site de SOS M&#233;diterran&#233;e la d&#233;claration commune contre le projet de loi &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://sosmediterranee.fr/communiques-et-declarations/declaration-commune-pays-dits-surs-et-blocus-naval-le-gouvernement-italien-sattaque-aux-ong-de-sauvetage-en-mer/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Pays dits &#8220;s&#251;rs&#8221; et &#8220;blocus naval&#8221; : le gouvernement italien s'attaque aux ONG de sauvetage en mer et aux droits des personnes migrantes&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 12 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Consulter les sections relatives &#224; la Su&#232;de dans Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3531.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;Revue de presse 2025&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 1 janvier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet le communiqu&#233; de presse de Human Rights Watch, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/02/19/sweden-deporting-young-people&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Sweden Deporting Young People &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 19 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;G&#228;fgen c. Allemagne [GC], no &lt;a href=&#034;https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#%7B%22appno%22:[%2222978/05%22&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;22978/05&lt;/a&gt;%7D], &#167; 107, CEDH 2010&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir The Guardian, &#171; What does UK want to change about human rights law &#8211; and will it happen ? &#187;, 10 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Parmi les mesures de la r&#233;forme de l'asile entr&#233;es en vigueur d&#233;but mars, ces lois ne figurent pourtant pas&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; conjoint de 27 pays europ&#233;ens pour une interpr&#233;tation plus restrictive des articles 3 et 8 de la CEDH, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-to-the-conference-of-ministers-of-justice-of-the-council-of-europe&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Joint Statement to the Conference of Ministers of Justice of the Council of Europe&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 10 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens The Guardian, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/dec/10/uk-joins-call-for-europes-human-rights-laws-to-be-constrained&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;UK joins call for Europe's human rights laws to be &#8216;constrained'&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 10 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &#224; ce sujet EuroMed Droits &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://euromedrights.org/fr/publication/arretez-de-considerer-legypte-la-tunisie-et-le-maroc-comme-des-pays-surs/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Arr&#234;tez de consid&#233;rer l'&#201;gypte, la Tunisie et le Maroc comme des pays &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; ! &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 16 avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;ICE : agence am&#233;ricaine charg&#233;e de l'immigration et du contr&#244;le des douanes, connue pour ses pratiques coercitives et ses raids intimidants contre les personnes migrantes&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 4-29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir sur le site de PICUM le communiqu&#233; conjoint &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://picum.org/blog/no-to-eu-law-enabling-home-raids-policing-of-public-services-and-racial-profiling/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;No to EU law enabling home raids, policing of public services and racial profiling&lt;/a&gt; &#187;,11 f&#233;vrier 2026&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press review December 2025</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3517.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3517.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-01-08T14:58:26Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Libya</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>German</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Autriche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Greece</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Libya Afrique XXI, &#8216;In Libya, a deadly prison system in the shadow of Europe', 19 December 2025 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Afrique XXI has published an investigation into Libyan 'detention centres', where thousands of people on the move are arbitrarily detained, tortured and left to die every day. This investigation, which brings together 20 testimonies, cross-referenced with reports from human rights organisations, reveals a deadly system of imprisonment and extortion, made possible by the outsourcing of European (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot39.html" rel="tag"&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot16.html" rel="tag"&gt;German&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot207.html" rel="tag"&gt;Autriche&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot21.html" rel="tag"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/14-2-742d2.png?1767884417' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libya&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisia&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Germany&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Austria&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Austria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Greece&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Facilitation Directive&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Facilitation Directive&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Frontex&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;JHA Council&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;JHA Council&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Council of Europe&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Council of Europe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Libya&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Afrique XXI, &lt;a href=&#034;https://afriquexxi.info/En-Libye-un-systeme-carceral-meurtrier-a-l-ombre-de-l-Europe&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8216;In Libya, a deadly prison system in the shadow of Europe&lt;/a&gt;', 19 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Afrique XXI has published an investigation into Libyan 'detention centres', where thousands of people on the move are arbitrarily detained, tortured and left to die every day. This investigation, which brings together 20 testimonies, cross-referenced with reports from human rights organisations, reveals a deadly system of imprisonment and extortion, made possible by the outsourcing of European migration policies&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Sea-Watch's latest report, '60 Libyan attacks at sea as EU rolls out red (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since 2017, the European Union has turned Libya into a testing ground for its deterrence strategy &#8211; supplying equipment, training and operational support to the Libyan 'coastguard'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard: LaLibre, 'Libyan coastguard trained and equipped by the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#8211; thereby becoming complicit in massive human rights violations in the country and, more broadly, in the increase in lethality&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Amnesty International, 'Libya: European governments complicit in human (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. In February 2025, a UN Security Council report revealed the discovery of mass graves in Jikharra and Kufra&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;UNSMIL, 'Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; , where dozens of bodies of migrants, mutilated, bound, burned or dead from torture, had been found near detention 'centres'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The investigation reveals the cynicism of the European Union and the impunity of the militias with which it collaborates, who transform warehouses and factories into clandestine prisons where rape, torture and forced labour are commonly reported&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See also MSF, 'Libya: The hell of detention centres as told from the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Tunisia&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Le Monde, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2025/12/15/en-tunisie-des-salaries-de-terre-d-asile-devant-la-justice-pour-avoir-aide-des-migrants_6657705_3212.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;In Tunisia, Terre d'Asile employees on trial for helping migrants&lt;/a&gt;,' 15 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;After more than a year and a half in detention, the trial of Sherifa Riahi, former director of Terre d'asile Tunisia, alongside 22 other people &#8211; six employees of the association and seventeen local elected officials &#8211; is further evidence of the repression against associations in Tunisia. The authorities accuse them of facilitating the entry, accommodation and settlement of migrants in so-called irregular administrative situations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This emblematic case is part of a broader offensive led by the government of President Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Amnesty International, &#8220;Tunisia: &#8216;No one hears you when you cry out': The (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, which is using the migration issue to repress and delegitimise the work of associations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Migreurop, &#8220;Suspension of FTDES activities in Tunisia&#8221;, 28 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, which it constantly accuses of being 'agents of foreign powers'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Amnesty International, 'Tunisia: Crackdown on human rights organisations (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Since May 2024, local elected officials and human rights defenders have been arbitrarily prosecuted, imprisoned and detained for defending human rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This crackdown once again highlights the responsibility of the European Union, which continues to finance, equip and legitimise Tunisia's migration policies in the name of combating departures&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid.&#034; id=&#034;nh5-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Germany&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Le Monde, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/12/23/l-allemagne-expulse-un-syrien-vers-son-pays-une-premiere-depuis-2011_6659222_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Germany deports a Syrian to his country, a first since 2011&lt;/a&gt;', 23 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For the 'first time' since 2011, Germany has officially deported a Syrian national to Syria. These deportations, which in principle only target Syrian nationals convicted of 'serious crimes', contravene Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights and the case law of its court in the Soering case&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;ECHR, Court (plenary), Soering v. United Kingdom, 7 July 1989, 14038/88&#034; id=&#034;nh5-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, where it was ruled that any deportation that exposes the person to a real risk of being subjected to inhuman or degrading treatment 'indirectly' constitutes a violation of Article 3.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, despite the overthrow of Bashar al-Assad's regime in December 2024, Syria continues to be marked by massive human rights violations, a ruined economy and ongoing war zones&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular, Le Monde, 'Negotiations for a ceasefire in southern Syria (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Under these conditions, the safety of expelled nationals cannot be guaranteed. During a visit to Syria, the German Foreign Minister stated on 31 October 2025 that he had personally 'never seen destruction on such a scale' and that it was 'practically impossible for people to live here in dignity', adding that Syrians living in Germany 'could not return in the short term &lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Euractiv, 'Repatriation of Syrians: German Foreign Minister sparks (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Despite everything, Germany seems determined to carry out these deportations, thereby assuming responsibility for human rights violations committed against Syrian nationals.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Austria&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68792/autriche--le-regroupement-familial-suspendu-pour-six-mois-supplementaires&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Austria: family reunification suspended for a further six months&lt;/a&gt;', 18 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Austrian Parliament has voted to extend the moratorium on family reunification for refugees with legal status and beneficiaries of subsidiary protection by six months, meaning that applications will be frozen until 2 July 2026 at the earliest.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Adopted via an amendment to the asylum law, this suspension is justified by the government on the grounds of 'overburdening' the education system and reception facilities and presented with the stigmatising argument that it is 'necessary to preserve public order and internal security'. This decision is part of a deliberate strategy to tighten Austrian migration policy in line with electoral interests, with the FP&#214;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Austrian far-right party.&#034; id=&#034;nh5-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; leading in the polls.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To justify this new suspension of the right to family reunification protected by EU law&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Council Directive 2003/86/EC of 22 September 2003 on the right to family (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, Austria is invoking for the second time in a row a so-called 'emergency clause' based on a misinterpretation of Article 72 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This trivialisation of the suspension of the right to family reunification in Austria, and beyond in Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the September 2025 press review.&#034; id=&#034;nh5-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, leads to the forced separation of families, in disregard of the right to family life as protected by Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;France&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Le Monde, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/12/30/accord-migratoire-franco-britannique-le-conseil-d-etat-rejette-le-recours-des-ong_6660029_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Franco-British migration agreement: the Council of State rejects the appeal by NGOs&lt;/a&gt;', 30 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 30 December, the Council of State rejected the request&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the October 2025 press review.&#034; id=&#034;nh5-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;to annulthe decree implementing the migration agreement, known as 'One in, One out', signed between France and the United Kingdom in July 2025. In rejecting this request, the Council of State argued that it is not its role 'to rule on the constitutionality of the treaty or agreement'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;EC, 30 December 2025, GISTI and others, No. 508947, 508948, point 3&#034; id=&#034;nh5-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; or 'to rule on the conformity of a treaty or agreement with other international commitments entered into by France'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid. &#167;3&#034; id=&#034;nh5-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By ruling that the provisions of the agreement do not fall within the scope of the law and therefore do not necessarily require parliamentary intervention, the judgment does not alter case law, but once again confirms a strict interpretation of the areas that require legislative validation within the meaning of Article 53 of the Constitution.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In concrete terms, the Council of State leaves the executive branch with considerable leeway in this area. However, given the importance of immigration law in the public sphere, the fact that such agreements are beyond the control of the legislature is both questionable and worrying.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Ouest France, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ouest-france.fr/societe/immigration/les-regularisations-de-sans-papiers-ont-baisse-de-42-pourcent-de-janvier-a-septembre-2025-3fe27286-df54-11f0-84e2-922db77b2982&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Regularisations of undocumented migrants fell by 42% between January and September 2025&lt;/a&gt;', 22 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Ministry of the Interior announced that, since the Retailleau circular came into force, regularisations have fallen by 42% in 2025, and by more than 50% for regularisations through work.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As a reminder, in January 2025, Home Secretary Bruno Retailleau sent a new circular to prefects, replacing the old 'Valls' circular of 2012. This new circular significantly tightened the conditions allowing foreigners in an irregular administrative situation to apply for exceptional admission to residence, with the condition relating to the length of residence in France being increased to seven years.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ultimately, this circular only serves to render invisible and precarious the lives of tens of thousands of people who have been living and working in France for several years. Many applications are rejected on the grounds that the foreign national constitutes 'a threat to public order'. This catch-all concept is constantly used by the public authorities to stigmatise and exclude foreign nationals in order to satisfy a xenophobic agenda. Behind these figures lies a workforce without rights, exploitable and deportable, while at the same time displaying a supposedly 'controlled' migration policy, which allows France to assert its voice in Europe.{{}}&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Greece&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;The New Humanitarian, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/opinion/2025/12/22/reporters-diary-iom-uses-un-immunity-avoid-scrutiny-greek-returns&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Reporters' diary: IOM uses UN immunity to avoid scrutiny of Greek returns&lt;/a&gt;', 22 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In Greece, the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) is invoking its UN immunity to refuse to publish the annual reports of the so-called 'voluntary return' programme, which is mainly funded by the European Union. Since 2020, the IOM has gradually reduced transparency on these activities, ceasing to publish regular reports that are supposed to be public.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This lack of transparency is particularly worrying, especially since the IOM is regularly accused of disguising expulsion policies under the label of so-called 'voluntary' returns&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard, InfoMigrants, 'There is nothing less voluntary than a (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, and has already carried out returns to countries considered dangerous&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Note no. 9 Migreurop, 'The IOM, an organisation serving closed borders', May (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, while shirking any form of responsibility. The programme requires the signing of liability waivers that fully exempt the IOM and the Greek state from any obligation, including in cases of serious injury or death.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Beyond transparency, this immunity has direct consequences for the people concerned, who in many cases never receive the promised assistance. Already in 2017, a report by Medico International warned of the mistreatment in Greece of asylum seekers who had given their written consent to 'voluntary' return&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Medico International, 'Kolu Bilisuma wird verraten', 22 June 2017&#034; id=&#034;nh5-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Facilitation Directive&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;La via Libera, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://lavialibera.it/it-schede-2514-solidarieta_migranti_diventa_reato_allarme_esperti_onu_pacchetto_ue_facilitatori_traffico&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La solidariet&#224; rischia di diventare reato: l'allarme degli esperti Onu sul pacchetto Ue 'contro il traffico di migranti'&lt;/a&gt; ', 19 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In a press release dated 1 December 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;UNCHR, Press release, 'European Union: UN experts alarmed by risk of (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, four UN experts warn of the dangers that the European Commission's proposed directive&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; to combat 'migrant smuggling' poses a 'serious risk of criminalising rescue and assistance actions', such as legal support, transport and accommodation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The reform of the so-called 'facilitation' directive requires Member States to prosecute any assistance with entry, transit or residence, on the basis of vague and broad definitions, which will ultimately allow for the mass conviction of both people on the move and human rights defenders. Indeed, despite declarations of principle, there are no binding clauses that clearly protect acts of solidarity. Thereby, in a context of increasing repression of solidarity&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard, Picum, &#8220;At least 142 people criminalised for helping (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, this ambiguity paves the way for arbitrary prosecutions, justified in the name of the fight against 'migrant smuggling', which is used to disguise policies that criminalise migrants and repress those who defend or assist them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Frontex&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68972/refoulement-greceturquie--frontex-jugee-responsable-par-la-cour-de-justice-de-lue&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Greece-Turkey refoulement: Frontex found liable by the Court of Justice of the EU&lt;/a&gt;', 31 December 2025.{{}}&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In two judgments dated 18 December 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;CJEU, Hamoudi v Frontex, Case C-136/24P; CJEU, WS et al. v Frontex, Case (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, the Court of Justice of the European Union ordered the General Court to review its decision on pushbacks carried out jointly by the Greek authorities and Frontex agents. The European judge ruled that 'the right to effective judicial protection requires the burden of proof to be adjusted' with regard to the European Union's non-contractual liability for the actions of its agency Frontex, and that EU law 'imposes [Frontex] a set of obligations aimed at ensuring respect for fundamental rights in the context of return operations', failing which it would be liable in the event of a violation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The agency must therefore fulfil positive obligations to ensure respect for fundamental rights, includingverifying that return decisions exist for all persons whom a Member State intends to include in a return operation. The Court also decided to adopt a new requirement, whereby applicants claiming to be victims of refoulement must now 'provide sufficiently detailed, specific and consistent evidence' of their presence at the time of refoulement in order to trigger the obligation to investigate the case.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These decisions contradict years of institutional denial and irresponsibility on the part of Frontex&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Anna Sibley, &#8216;Frontex:untouchable agent of migration (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, which has been regularly criticised for its participation in or complicity with refoulement at Europe's borders&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop note no. 3, Frontex: A European agency out of control. See, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. It remains to be seen whether these decisions will truly put an end to Frontex's impunity or whether the judge's bold move will be nothing more than a flash in the pan. {{}}&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;JHA Council&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;EuroNews, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/12/08/les-pays-de-lue-intensifient-les-expulsions-en-signant-un-nouvel-accord-sur-les-centres-de&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;EU countries step up deportations by signing new agreement on return centres&lt;/a&gt;', 8 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Euractiv, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/les-ministres-de-lue-scellent-un-accord-sur-les-migrations-les-ong-denoncent-une-derive-securitaire/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;EU ministers seal deal on migration, NGOs denounce security drift&lt;/a&gt;', 8 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Justice and Home Affairs Council (JHA), meeting on 8 December, approved a series of legislative proposals presented by the European Commission. These proposals aim in particular to speed up the implementation of the Pact on Migration and Asylum and to authorise the creation of 'return centres' in countries outside the EU. These 'return hubs' will be used to accommodate migrants who have been denied asylum. This system is reminiscent of the highly controversial centres in Tirana, which were set up under the Italy-Albania Protocol (2023)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop, 'Italy/Albania Memorandum of Understanding on Migration: (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; and paralysed by the Court of Justice of the EU on 1 August 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See, in particular, Amnesty, 'Italy. The European Court of Justice's (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, but which could be operational again if the text is adopted.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Council also approved the acceleration of the implementation of the Pact in order to generalise accelerated asylum procedures at borders or in transit zones. These procedures would target in particular applicants whose nationality has an asylum recognition rate of less than 20%, as well as people from 'safe countries'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The approved proposal also confirms a list of 'safe countries of origin', including Egypt, Tunisia, Kosovo and Turkey, despite repeated and documented human rights violations in these states&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb5-30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard, Migreurop, &#8220;Deconstructing the myth of &#8216;safe' countries (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh5-30&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. It also provides for a revision of the concept of 'safe third countries' so that migrants can be deported to countries they have simply transited through, or even never set foot in.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These proposals illustrate the European Union's obsession with deporting people on the move at any cost, even if it means being held responsible for violations of their rights. Although these proposals still have to be debated and voted on in the European Parliament in the coming months, the current political composition of this institution suggests that they will be adopted as proposed.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Council of Europe&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Lib&#233;ration, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/tribunes/ne-sacrifions-pas-la-convention-europeenne-des-droits-de-lhomme-sur-lautel-des-peurs-migratoires-20251213_MILPLNIW3RHIRDLUYNNJAYK2GQ/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Let's not sacrifice the European Convention on Human Rights on the altar of fears about migration&lt;/a&gt;', 13 December 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 10 December, a majority of Council of Europe member states, at the initiative of Keir Starmer, defended the need for a 'new approach' to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in order to facilitate the expulsion of migrants in so-called irregular administrative situations. The joint declaration adopted by twenty-seven states calls for a 'rebalancing' of Article 8 (right to respect for private and family life) in order to remove legal obstacles to the deportation of persons convicted of 'serious crimes,' while proposing to restrict the scope of Article 3 (prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment) to 'the most extreme situations'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By reducing the scope of Article 3, states are sacrificing a fundamental right &#8211; which allows for no exceptions &#8211; to supposed national security imperatives, which are being used to legitimise repressive and exclusionary policies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Presented under the misleading guise of 'modernisation', this position is part of a worrying trend of questioning international human rights law and the legitimacy of the judiciary. It reflects a desire for political interference in the interpretation of the Convention and, in doing so, constitutes a serious breach of the principle of separation of powers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_5789 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/press_review_-_december_2025.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 322.4 KiB' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/14-2-be2e8.png?1767884417' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Sea-Watch's latest report, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://sea-watch.org/en/60-libyan-attacks-at-sea-as-eu-rolls-out-red-carpet-for-militias/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;60 Libyan attacks at sea as EU rolls out red carpet for militias, new data shows&lt;/a&gt;', dated 14 October 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard: LaLibre, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lalibre.be/international/europe/2025/08/26/des-garde-cotes-libyens-formes-et-equipes-par-lunion-europeenne-tirent-sur-le-navire-dune-ong-qui-secourt-des-migrants-DZILOZJNK5DJRJI34FDGSSXF4A/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Libyan coastguard trained and equipped by the European Union fires on NGO ship rescuing migrants&lt;/a&gt;,' 26 August 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Amnesty International, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/press-release/2017/12/libya-european-governments-complicit-in-horrific-abuse-of-refugees-and-migrants/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Libya: European governments complicit in human rights violations against refugees and migrants&lt;/a&gt;,' 12 December 2017.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;UNSMIL, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://unsmil.unmissions.org/en/under-secretary-general-political-and-peacebuilding-affairs-rosemary-dicarlo%E2%80%99s-remarks&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs Rosemary DiCarlo's remarks to the Security Council on the situation in Libya&lt;/a&gt;,' 19 February 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See also MSF, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.msf.fr/actualites/libye-l-enfer-des-centres-de-detention-raconte-de-l-interieur&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Libya: The hell of detention centres as told from the inside&lt;/a&gt;,' 7 December 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Amnesty International, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;#ttps://www.amnesty.org/fr/documents/mde30/0180/2025/fr/&#034; class=&#034;spip_ancre&#034;&gt;Tunisia: &#8216;No one hears you when you cry out': The dangerous shift in Tunisia's migration policy&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 6 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3473.html&#034;&gt;&#8220;Suspension of FTDES activities in&lt;/a&gt; Tunisia&#8221;, 28 October 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Amnesty International, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2025/11/tunisia-escalating-crackdown-on-human-rights-organizations-reaches-critical-levels/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisia: Crackdown on human rights organisations reaches critical levels&lt;/a&gt;,' 14 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;ECHR, Court (plenary), Soering v. United Kingdom, 7 July 1989, 14038/88&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular, Le Monde, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/07/14/syrie-l-armee-israelienne-frappe-plusieurs-chars-apres-les-combats-entre-bedouins-et-druzes_6621175_3210.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=8&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Negotiations for a ceasefire in southern Syria after deadly fighting&lt;/a&gt;,' 14 July 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Euractiv, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/rapatriement-de-syriens-le-ministre-allemand-des-affaires-etrangeres-declenche-une-polemique-au-sein-de-son-parti-conservateur/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Repatriation of Syrians: German Foreign Minister sparks controversy within his conservative party&lt;/a&gt;,' 6 November 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Austrian far-right party.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2003:251:0012:0018:fr:PDF&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Council Directive 2003/86/EC of 22 September 2003 on the right to family reunification&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3467.html?lang_article=fr#outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;September 2025&lt;/a&gt; press review&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3467.html?lang_article=fr#outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3482.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;October 2025 press review&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;file:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/508947,%20508948.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034;&gt;EC, 30 December 2025, GISTI and others, No. 508947, 508948, point 3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid. &#167;3&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard, InfoMigrants, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/64924/il-ny-a-rien-de-moins-volontaire-quun-retour-volontaire--des-chercheurs-denoncent-des-politiques-dexpulsion-deguisee&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;'There is nothing less voluntary than a 'voluntary return': researchers denounce disguised expulsion policies&lt;/a&gt;', 3 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Note no. 9 Migreurop, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_9_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;The IOM, an organisation serving closed borders&lt;/a&gt;', May 2019&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Medico International, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://web.archive.org/web/20200808001644/https:/www.medico.de/kolu-bilisuma-wird-verraten-16793/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Kolu Bilisuma wird verraten&lt;/a&gt;', 22 June 2017&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;UNCHR, Press release, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/12/european-union-un-experts-alarmed-risk-humanitarian-assistance&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;European Union: UN experts alarmed by risk of humanitarian assistance criminalisation&lt;/a&gt;', 1 December 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52023PC0755&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down minimum rules for preventing and combating the facilitation of unauthorised entry, transit and residence in the Union&lt;/a&gt;, 28 November 2023, 2023/0439 (Cod)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard, Picum, &lt;a href=&#034;https://picum.org/blog/at-least-142-people-criminalised-for-helping-migrants-in-europe-in-2024/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;At least 142 people criminalised for helping migrants in Europe in&lt;/a&gt; 2024&#8221;, 29 April 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2025-12/cp250159fr.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;CJEU, Hamoudi v Frontex, Case C-136/24P&lt;/a&gt;; &lt;a href=&#034;https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2025-12/cp250158fr.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;CJEU, WS et al. v Frontex, Case C-679/23P&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Anna Sibley, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3472.html#nb7&#034;&gt;&#8216;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3472.html#nb7&#034;&gt;untouchable agent of migration&lt;/a&gt; intelligence', article published in Plein droit magazine, issue no. 145&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/article7541&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;, &#8216;Migrations, pourquoi tant de discours ?&lt;/a&gt;'&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop note no. 3, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_3.3_frontex_hors_de_controle_-_2021_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;Frontex: A European agency out of control&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;See, in particular, Euronews, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/06/24/tests-obligatoires-et-duree-de-residence-plus-longue-la-nationalite-portugaise-soumise-a-d&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Portuguese nationality will now be subject to stricter rules&lt;/a&gt;', 24 June 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3230.html&#034;&gt;Italy/Albania Memorandum of Understanding on Migration: Cross-Border Cooperation Contrary to International Law&lt;/a&gt;,' 13 February 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See, in particular, Amnesty, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2025/08/italy-eu-court-ruling-on-safe-countries-of-origin-is-a-heavy-blow-to-italy-albania-migration-deal/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Italy. The European Court of Justice's decision on 'safe countries of origin' is a blow to the migration agreement between Italy and Albania&lt;/a&gt;', 1 August 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb5-30&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh5-30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 5-30&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard, Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3432.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;&#8220;Deconstructing the myth of &#8216;safe' countries in EU return&lt;/a&gt; policy&#8221;, 20 June 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Revue de presse d&#233;cembre 2025</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3516.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3516.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-01-05T14:58:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Libye</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Allemagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Autriche</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Gr&#232;ce</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Libye Afrique XXI, &#171; En Libye, un syst&#232;me carc&#233;ral meurtrier &#224; l'ombre de l'Europe &#187;, le 19 d&#233;cembre 2025 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Afrique XXI a publi&#233; une enqu&#234;te sur les &#171; centres de d&#233;tention &#187; libyens, o&#249; quotidiennement des milliers d'exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s sont d&#233;tenu&#183;e&#183;s arbitrairement, tortur&#233;&#183;e&#183;s et abandonn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; la mort. Cette enqu&#234;te, qui r&#233;unit 20 t&#233;moignages, crois&#233;s avec des rapports d'organisations de d&#233;fense des droits humains, fait &#233;tat d'un syst&#232;me meurtrier d'enfermement et d'extorsion, rendu possible par (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Revues de presse&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot39.html" rel="tag"&gt;Libye&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot16.html" rel="tag"&gt;Allemagne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot207.html" rel="tag"&gt;Autriche&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot21.html" rel="tag"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot173.html" rel="tag"&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/22-e2b84.png?1767884417' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libye&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Libye&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Allemagne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Allemagne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Autriche&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Autriche&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Gr&#232;ce&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Directive &#171; facilitation &#187;&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;Directive &#171; facilitation &amp;#187&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Frontex&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Conseil JAI&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Conseil JAI&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Conseil de l'Europe&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Conseil de l'Europe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Libye&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Afrique XXI, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://afriquexxi.info/En-Libye-un-systeme-carceral-meurtrier-a-l-ombre-de-l-Europe&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;En Libye, un syst&#232;me carc&#233;ral meurtrier &#224; l'ombre de l'Europe&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 19 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Afrique XXI a publi&#233; une enqu&#234;te sur les &#171; centres de d&#233;tention &#187; libyens, o&#249; quotidiennement des milliers d'exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s sont d&#233;tenu&#183;e&#183;s arbitrairement, tortur&#233;&#183;e&#183;s et abandonn&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; la mort. Cette enqu&#234;te, qui r&#233;unit 20 t&#233;moignages, crois&#233;s avec des rapports d'organisations de d&#233;fense des droits humains, fait &#233;tat d'un syst&#232;me meurtrier d'enfermement et d'extorsion, rendu possible par l'externalisation des politiques migratoires europ&#233;ennes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir le dernier rapport de Sea-Watch, &#171; 60 Libyan attacks at sea as EU rolls (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis 2017, l'Union europ&#233;enne a fait de la Libye un laboratoire de sa strat&#233;gie de dissuasion - livraison d'&#233;quipements, formations et soutien op&#233;rationnel aux &#171; garde-c&#244;tes &#187; libyens&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens ; LaLibre, &#171; Des garde-c&#244;tes libyens form&#233;s et &#233;quip&#233;s par (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#8211; se rendant ainsi complice des violations massives des droits humains dans le pays et extensivement de l'augmentation de la l&#233;talit&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Amnesty International, &#171; Libye. Les gouvernements europ&#233;ens se rendent (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En f&#233;vrier 2025, un rapport du Conseil de s&#233;curit&#233; de l'ONU r&#233;v&#233;lait la d&#233;couverte de charniers &#224; Jikharra et Kufra&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;UNSMIL, &#171; Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, o&#249; des dizaines de corps de personnes exil&#233;es mutil&#233;es, ligot&#233;es, br&#251;l&#233;es ou mortes sous la torture, avaient &#233;t&#233; retrouv&#233;s &#224; proximit&#233; des &#171; centres &#187; de d&#233;tention.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'enqu&#234;te est r&#233;v&#233;latrice du cynisme de l'Union europ&#233;enne et de l'impunit&#233; des milices avec qui elle collabore, qui transforment entrep&#244;ts et usines en prisons clandestines o&#249; les viols, la torture et le travail forc&#233; sont couramment d&#233;nonc&#233;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens, MSF, &#171; Libye : l'enfer des centres de d&#233;tention racont&#233; de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc218765477&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Tunisie&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2025/12/15/en-tunisie-des-salaries-de-terre-d-asile-devant-la-justice-pour-avoir-aide-des-migrants_6657705_3212.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;En Tunisie, des salari&#233;s de Terre d'asile devant la justice, pour avoir aid&#233; des migrants&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 15 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Apr&#232;s plus d'un an et demi de d&#233;tention, le proc&#232;s de Sherifa Riahi, ancienne directrice de Terre d'asile Tunisie, aux c&#244;t&#233;s de 22 autres personnes &#8211; six salari&#233;&#183;e&#183;s de l'association et dix-sept &#233;lu&#183;e&#183;s locaux &#8211; t&#233;moigne une nouvelle fois de la r&#233;pression d&#233;ploy&#233;e &#224; l'encontre du milieu associatif en Tunisie. Les autorit&#233;s leur reprochent d'avoir facilit&#233; l'entr&#233;e, l'h&#233;bergement et l'installation de personnes exil&#233;es en situation administrative dite irr&#233;guli&#232;re.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette affaire embl&#233;matique s'inscrit dans une offensive plus large conduite par le gouvernement du pr&#233;sident Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Amnesty International, &#171; Tunisie : &#171; Personne ne vous entend quand vous (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, qui instrumentalise la question migratoire pour r&#233;primer et d&#233;l&#233;gitimer le travail des associations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment, Migreurop, &#171; Suspension des activit&#233;s du FTDES en Tunisie &#187;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, qu'il accuse constamment d'&#234;tre &#171; des agents de l'&#233;tranger &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Amnesty International, &#171; Tunisie. Le durcissement de la r&#233;pression contre (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Depuis mai 2024, &#233;lu&#183;e&#183;s locaux et d&#233;fenseur&#183;euse&#183;s des droits sont arbitrairement poursuivi&#183;e&#183;s, incarc&#233;r&#233;&#183;e&#183;s et maintenu&#183;e&#183;s en d&#233;tention pour avoir d&#233;fendu les droits humains.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette r&#233;pression pointe une nouvelle fois la responsabilit&#233; de l'Union europ&#233;enne, qui persiste &#224; financer, outiller et l&#233;gitimer les politiques migratoires tunisiennes au nom de la lutte contre les d&#233;parts&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid.&#034; id=&#034;nh6-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Allemagne&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/12/23/l-allemagne-expulse-un-syrien-vers-son-pays-une-premiere-depuis-2011_6659222_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'Allemagne expulse un Syrien vers son pays, une premi&#232;re depuis 2011&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 23 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour la &#171; premi&#232;re fois &#187; depuis 2011, l'Allemagne a officiellement proc&#233;d&#233; &#224; l'expulsion d'un ressortissant syrien vers la Syrie. Ces expulsions qui ne visent a priori que les ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s syrien&#183;ne&#183;s condamn&#233;s pour des &#171; crimes graves &#187;, contreviennent &#224; l'article 3 de la Convention europ&#233;enne de sauvegarde des droits de l'homme et &#224; la jurisprudence de sa cour rendue en l'affaire Soering&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;CEDH, Cour (pl&#233;ni&#232;re), Soering c/ Royaume-Uni, 7 juillet 1989, 14038/88&#034; id=&#034;nh6-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, o&#249; il a &#233;t&#233; jug&#233; en ce sens que toute expulsion qui fait peser sur la personne un risque r&#233;el d'&#234;tre soumis &#224; des traitements humains ou d&#233;gradants entra&#238;nait &#171; par ricochet &#187; une violation dudit article 3.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Or, en d&#233;pit du renversement du r&#233;gime de Bachar al-Assad en d&#233;cembre 2024, la Syrie continue d'&#234;tre marqu&#233;e par des violations massives des droits de l'Homme, une &#233;conomie en ruine et des zones de guerre toujours actives&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment, Le Monde, &#171; N&#233;gociations pour un cessez-le-feu dans le sud (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Dans ces conditions, la s&#233;curit&#233; des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s expuls&#233;&#183;e&#183;s ne saurait &#234;tre garantie. Lors d'une visite en Syrie, le ministre des Affaires &#233;trang&#232;res allemand a d'ailleurs d&#233;clar&#233; le 31 octobre 2025 qu'il n'avait personnellement &#171; jamais vu une destruction d'une telle ampleur &#187; et qu'il &#233;tait &#171; pratiquement impossible pour les gens de vivre ici dans la dignit&#233; &#187;, estimant alors que les Syrien&#183;ne&#183;s vivant en Allemagne &#171; ne [pouvaient] pas rentrer &#224; court terme &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Euractiv, &#171; Rapatriement de Syriens : le ministre allemand des Affaires (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Malgr&#233; tout, l'Allemagne semble d&#233;termin&#233;e &#224; mener &#224; terme ces expulsions, engageant ainsi sa responsabilit&#233; dans les violations des droits humains commises &#224; l'encontre des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s syrien&#183;ne&#183;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Autriche&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68792/autriche--le-regroupement-familial-suspendu-pour-six-mois-supplementaires&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Autriche : le regroupement familial suspendu pour six mois suppl&#233;mentaires&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 18 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Parlement autrichien a vot&#233; la prolongation de six mois du moratoire sur le regroupement familial des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e&#183;s statutaires et des b&#233;n&#233;ficiaires d'une protection subsidiaire, impliquant un gel des dossiers jusqu'au 2 juillet 2026 au plus t&#244;t.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Adopt&#233;e via un amendement &#224; la loi sur l'asile, cette suspension est justifi&#233;e par le gouvernement au nom de la &#171; surcharge &#187; du syst&#232;me &#233;ducatif et des structures d'accueil, et pr&#233;sent&#233;e selon l'argument stigmatisant qu'elle est &#171; n&#233;cessaire &#224; la pr&#233;servation de l'ordre public et de la s&#233;curit&#233; int&#233;rieure &#187;. Cette d&#233;cision s'inscrit dans une strat&#233;gie de durcissement assum&#233;e de la politique migratoire autrichienne ob&#233;issant &#224; des int&#233;r&#234;ts &#233;lectoralistes, le FP&#214;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Parti d'extr&#234;me droite autrichien.&#034; id=&#034;nh6-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &#233;tant en t&#234;te des sondages.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour justifier cette nouvelle suspension du droit au regroupement familial prot&#233;g&#233; par le droit de l'Union&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Directive 2003/86/ce du conseil du 22 septembre 2003 relative au droit au (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, l'Autriche invoque pour la deuxi&#232;me fois cons&#233;cutive une pr&#233;tendue &#171; clause d'urgence &#187; tir&#233;e d'une lecture d&#233;voy&#233;e de l'article 72 du Trait&#233; sur le fonctionnement de l'Union europ&#233;enne.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette banalisation de la suspension du droit au regroupement familial en Autriche, et au-del&#224; en Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir la revue de presse de septembre 2025.&#034; id=&#034;nh6-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, entra&#238;ne une s&#233;paration forc&#233;e des familles, en m&#233;connaissance du droit &#224; la vie familiale tel qu'il est prot&#233;g&#233; notamment par l'article 8 de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;France&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/12/30/accord-migratoire-franco-britannique-le-conseil-d-etat-rejette-le-recours-des-ong_6660029_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Accord migratoire franco-britannique : le Conseil d'&#201;tat rejette le recours des ONG&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 30 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Conseil d'&#201;tat a rejet&#233;, le 30 d&#233;cembre, la requ&#234;te en annulation&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir la revue de presse d'octobre 2025.&#034; id=&#034;nh6-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; du d&#233;cret rendant applicable l'accord migratoire, dit &#171; One in, One out &#187;, sign&#233; entre la France et le Royaume-Uni en juillet 2025. Pour rejeter cette requ&#234;te, le Conseil d'&#201;tat a fait valoir qu'il ne lui appartient pas &#171; de se prononcer sur la conformit&#233; du trait&#233; ou de l'accord &#224; la Constitution &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;CE, 30 d&#233;cembre 2025, GISTI et autres, n&#176;508947, 508948, point 3&#034; id=&#034;nh6-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ou &#171; de se prononcer sur la conformit&#233; d'un trait&#233; ou d'un accord au regard d'autres engagements internationaux souscrits par la France &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid. &#167;3&#034; id=&#034;nh6-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En jugeant en ce sens que les stipulationsde l'accord ne rel&#232;vent pas du domaine de la loi et d&#232;s lors, qu'elles n'impliquaient pas n&#233;cessairement que le Parlement ait &#224; intervenir, l'arr&#234;t ne modifie pas la jurisprudence, mais consacre une nouvelle fois une interpr&#233;tation stricte des domaines devant donner lieu &#224; validation l&#233;gislative au sens de l'article 53 de la Constitution.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Concr&#232;tement, le Conseil d'&#201;tat laisse &#224; l'ex&#233;cutif une large marge de man&#339;uvre en ce domaine. Or, compte tenu de l'importance qu'occupe le droit des &#233;trangers dans l'espace public, la circonstance que de tels accords &#233;chappent au contr&#244;le du l&#233;gislateur est aussi contestable que pr&#233;occupante.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Ouest France, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ouest-france.fr/societe/immigration/les-regularisations-de-sans-papiers-ont-baisse-de-42-pourcent-de-janvier-a-septembre-2025-3fe27286-df54-11f0-84e2-922db77b2982&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; Les r&#233;gularisations de sans-papiers ont baiss&#233; de 42 % de janvier &#224; septembre 2025&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 22 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le minist&#232;re de l'Int&#233;rieur a annonc&#233; que, depuis l'entr&#233;e en vigueur de la circulaire Retailleau, les r&#233;gularisations ont chut&#233; de 42 % en 2025, et de plus de 50 % pour les r&#233;gularisations par le travail.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour rappel, en janvier 2025, le ministre de l'Int&#233;rieur Bruno Retailleau a adress&#233; aux pr&#233;fets une nouvelle circulaire, rempla&#231;ant l'ancienne circulaire &#171; Valls &#187; de 2012. Cette nouvelle circulaire avait consid&#233;rablement durci les conditions permettant aux &#233;trangers en situation administrative dite irr&#233;guli&#232;re de d&#233;poser une demande d'admission exceptionnelle au s&#233;jour, la condition tenant &#224; la dur&#233;e de r&#233;sidence en France avait notamment &#233;t&#233; port&#233;e &#224; sept ans.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette circulaire ne fait &lt;i&gt;in fine&lt;/i&gt; qu'organiser l'invisibilisation et la pr&#233;carisation de dizaines de milliers de personnes qui vivent et travaillent en France depuis plusieurs ann&#233;es. De nombreuses demandes sont rejet&#233;es au motif que l'&#233;tranger constitue &#171; une menace &#224; l'ordre public &#187;, en r&#233;alit&#233; cette notion fourre-tout est constamment utilis&#233;e par les pouvoirs publics pour stigmatiser et exclure les personnes &#233;trang&#232;res afin de satisfaire un agenda x&#233;nophobe. Derri&#232;re ces chiffres se dessine une main-d'&#339;uvre sans droits, corv&#233;able et expulsable, tout en affichant une politique migratoire pr&#233;tendument &#171; ma&#238;tris&#233;e &#187;, qui permet &#224; la France de faire valoir sa voix en Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;The New Humanitarian, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/opinion/2025/12/22/reporters-diary-iom-uses-un-immunity-avoid-scrutiny-greek-returns&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Reporters' diary : IOM uses UN immunity to avoid scrutiny of Greek returns&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 22 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En Gr&#232;ce, l'Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM) invoque son immunit&#233; onusienne pour refuser de publier les rapports annuels du programme dit de &#171; retours volontaires &#187;, financ&#233; principalement par l'Union europ&#233;enne. Depuis 2020, l'OIM a progressivement diminu&#233; la transparence sur ses activit&#233;s, en cessant de publier r&#233;guli&#232;rement des rapports cens&#233;ment publics.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette opacit&#233; est particuli&#232;rement inqui&#233;tante, d'autant que l'OIM est r&#233;guli&#232;rement mise en cause pour d&#233;guiser des politiques d'expulsion sous l'&#233;tiquette de retours dits &#171; volontaires &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens, InfoMigrants, &#171; 'Il n'y a rien de moins volontaire qu'un (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, et qu'elle a d&#233;j&#224; proc&#233;d&#233; &#224; des renvois vers des pays consid&#233;r&#233;s comme dangereux&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Note n&#176;9 Migreurop, &#171; L'OIM, une organisation au service des fronti&#232;res ... (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, tout en se d&#233;faussant de toute forme de responsabilit&#233;. En effet, le programme impose la signature de d&#233;charges de responsabilit&#233; qui exon&#232;rent int&#233;gralement l'OIM et l'&#201;tat grec de toute obligation, y compris en cas de pr&#233;judice grave ou de d&#233;c&#232;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Au-del&#224; de la transparence, cette immunit&#233; a des cons&#233;quences directes pour les personnes concern&#233;es, qui dans de nombreux cas ne b&#233;n&#233;ficient jamais de l'aide promise. D&#233;j&#224; en 2017, un rapport de Medico International alertait sur la maltraitance en Gr&#232;ce des demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile qui ont donn&#233; par &#233;crit leur accord pour un retour &#171; volontaire &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Medico International, &#171; KoluBilisumawirdverraten &#187;, le 22 juin 2017&#034; id=&#034;nh6-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Directive &#171; facilitation &#187;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;La via Libera, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://lavialibera.it/it-schede-2514-solidarieta_migranti_diventa_reato_allarme_esperti_onu_pacchetto_ue_facilitatori_traffico#https://lavialibera.it/it-schede-2514-solidarieta_migranti_diventa_reato_allarme_esperti_onu_pacchetto_ue_facilitatori_traffico&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; La solidariet&#224; rischia di diventare reato : l'allarme degli esperti Onu sul pacchetto Ue 'contro il traffico di migranti'&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 19 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans un communiqu&#233; de presse du 1er d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;UNCHR, Communiqu&#233; de presse, &#171; European Union : UN experts alarmed by risk (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-22&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, quatre expert&#183;e&#183;s de l'ONU alertent sur les dangers que la proposition de directive de la Commission europ&#233;enne&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Proposition de directive du parlement europ&#233;en et du conseil &#233;tablissant des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-23&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; pour lutter contre le &#171; trafic de migrants &#187; entra&#238;ne un &#171; risque s&#233;rieux de criminaliser des actions de sauvetage et d'assistance &#187;, telles que le soutien juridique, le transport ou encore l'h&#233;bergement.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La r&#233;forme de la directive dite &#171; facilitation &#187; impose aux &#201;tats membres de poursuivre toute aide &#224; l'entr&#233;e, au transit ou au s&#233;jour, sur la base de d&#233;finitions floues et extensives, qui permettront &lt;i&gt;in fine &lt;/i&gt;de condamner &#224; tour de bras, aussi bien les personnes exil&#233;es que les d&#233;fenseur&#183;euse&#183;s des droits humains. En effet, malgr&#233; des d&#233;clarations de principe, aucune clause contraignante ne prot&#232;ge clairement les actes de solidarit&#233;. Or, dans un contexte de r&#233;pression croissante de la solidarit&#233;,&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens, Picum, &#171; At least 142 people criminalised for helping (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-24&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; cette ambigu&#239;t&#233; ouvre la voie &#224; des poursuites arbitraires, justifi&#233;es au nom de la lutte contre le &#171; trafic de migrants &#187;, utilis&#233;e pour d&#233;guiser des politiques qui criminalisent les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s et r&#233;priment celles et ceux qui les d&#233;fendent ou leur portent assistance.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Frontex&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/68972/refoulement-greceturquie--frontex-jugee-responsable-par-la-cour-de-justice-de-lue&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Refoulement Gr&#232;ce-Turquie : Frontex jug&#233;e responsable par la Cour de justice de l'UE&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 31 d&#233;cembre 2025.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Par deux arr&#234;ts en date du 18 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;CJUE, Hamoudi c/ Frontex, aff. C-136/24P ; CJUE, WS e.a.c/ Frontex, aff. (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-25&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, la Cour de justice de l'Union europ&#233;enne a enjoint le Tribunal &#224; revoir sa copie, s'agissant de refoulements men&#233;es conjointement par les autorit&#233;s grecques et les agents de Frontex. Le juge europ&#233;en a jug&#233; en ce sens que &#171; le droit &#224; une protection juridictionnelle effective exige d'am&#233;nager la charge de la preuve &#187; en mati&#232;re d'engagement de la responsabilit&#233; extra-contractuelle de l'Union europ&#233;enne du fait des actions de son agence Frontex et, que le droit de l'Union &#171; impose [&#224; Frontex] un ensemble d'obligations visant &#224; garantir le respect des droits fondamentaux dans le cadre des op&#233;rations de retour &#187;, faute de quoi sa responsabilit&#233; serait engag&#233;e en cas de violation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;D&#232;s lors, l'agence doit s'acquitter d'obligations positives pour garantir le respect des droits fondamentaux, au titre desquelles elle doit notamment &#171; v&#233;rifier que des d&#233;cisions de retour existent pour l'ensemble des personnes qu'un &#201;tat membre entend inclure dans une op&#233;ration de retour &#187;. La Cour a aussi d&#233;cid&#233; d'adopter une nouvelle exigence et d&#233;sormais le&#183;arequ&#233;rant&#183;e qui pr&#233;tend &#234;tre victime d'un refoulement doit &#171; apporter des &#233;l&#233;ments suffisamment d&#233;taill&#233;s, sp&#233;cifiques et concordants &#187; de sa pr&#233;sence lors du refoulement pour d&#233;clencher l'obligation d'instruire l'affaire.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ces d&#233;cisions viennent contredire des ann&#233;es de d&#233;n&#233;gation institutionnelle et d'irresponsabilit&#233; de Frontex&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment, Anna Sibley, &#171; Frontex agent intouchable du renseignement (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-26&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, r&#233;guli&#232;rement mis en cause pour sa participation ou complaisance dans des refoulements aux fronti&#232;res de l'Europe&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir la note n&#176;3 de Migreurop, Frontex : Une agence europ&#233;enne hors de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-27&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Reste &#224; savoir si ces d&#233;cisions viendront v&#233;ritablement mettre un terme &#224; l'impunit&#233; de Frontex ou si l'audace du juge ne sera qu'un coup d'&#233;p&#233;e dans l'eau.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Conseil JAI&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;EuroNews, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/12/08/les-pays-de-lue-intensifient-les-expulsions-en-signant-un-nouvel-accord-sur-les-centres-de&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Les pays de l'UE intensifient les expulsions en signant un nouvel accord sur les centres de retour&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 8 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Euractiv, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/les-ministres-de-lue-scellent-un-accord-sur-les-migrations-les-ong-denoncent-une-derive-securitaire/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Les ministres de l'UE scellent un accord sur les migrations, les ONG d&#233;noncent une d&#233;rive s&#233;curitaire&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 8 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Conseil &#171; Justice et affaires int&#233;rieures &#187; (JAI), r&#233;uni le 8 d&#233;cembre, a approuv&#233; une s&#233;rie de propositions l&#233;gislatives pr&#233;sent&#233;es par la Commission europ&#233;enne. Celles-ci visent notamment &#224; acc&#233;l&#233;rer la mise en &#339;uvre du Pacte sur la migration et l'asile, ainsi qu'&#224; autoriser la cr&#233;ation de &#171; centres de retour &#187; dans des pays tiers &#224; l'Union. Ces &#171; hubs de retours &#187; seront destin&#233;s &#224; accueillir les personnes exil&#233;es d&#233;bout&#233;es de l'asile. Ce dispositif rappelle les tr&#232;s contest&#233;s centres de Tirana, issus du protocole Italie-Albanie (2023)&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir, Migreurop, &#171; Protocole d'accord Italie/Albanie sur les migrations : (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-28&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; paralys&#233;s par la Cour de justice de l'UE le 1er ao&#251;t 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment, Amnesty, &#171; Italie. La d&#233;cision de la Cour de justice de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-29&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, mais qui pourraient fonctionner &#224; nouveau si le texte est adopt&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Conseil a &#233;galement approuv&#233; l'acc&#233;l&#233;ration de la mise en application du Pacte afin de g&#233;n&#233;raliser des proc&#233;dures d'asile acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;es aux fronti&#232;res ou dans des zones de transit. Ces proc&#233;dures viseraient en particulier les demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s dont la nationalit&#233; pr&#233;sente un taux de reconnaissance du droit d'asile inf&#233;rieur &#224; 20 %, ainsi que les personnes originaires de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La proposition approuv&#233;e ent&#233;rine &#233;galement une liste de &#171; pays d'origine s&#251;rs &#187;, parmi lesquels l'&#201;gypte, la Tunisie, le Kosovo ou encore la Turquie, et ce en d&#233;pit des violations r&#233;p&#233;t&#233;es et document&#233;es des droits humains dans ces &#201;tats&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb6-30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens, Migreurop &#171; D&#233;construire le mythe des pays &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; dans la (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh6-30&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Elle pr&#233;voit en outre une r&#233;vision du concept de &#171; pays tiers s&#251;rs &#187; afin que les personnes en migration puissent ainsi &#234;tre expuls&#233;es vers des pays o&#249; elles ont simplement transit&#233;, voire qu'elles n'ont jamais foul&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ces propositions illustrent l'obsession de l'Union europ&#233;enne pour expulser &#224; tout prix les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s, quitte &#224; engager sa responsabilit&#233; dans les violations de leurs droits. Si ces propositions doivent encore &#234;tre d&#233;battues et vot&#233;es au Parlement europ&#233;en dans les mois &#224; venir, la composition politique actuelle de cette institution laisse pr&#233;sager leur adoption dans les termes propos&#233;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Conseil de l'Europe&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Lib&#233;ration, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/tribunes/ne-sacrifions-pas-la-convention-europeenne-des-droits-de-lhomme-sur-lautel-des-peurs-migratoires-20251213_MILPLNIW3RHIRDLUYNNJAYK2GQ/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Ne sacrifions pas la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'homme sur l'autel des peurs migratoires&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 13 d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 10 d&#233;cembre, une majorit&#233; d'&#201;tats membres du Conseil de l'Europe a d&#233;fendu, &#224; l'initiative de KeirStarmer, la n&#233;cessit&#233; d'une &#171; nouvelle approche &#187; de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme (CEDH), afin de faciliter les expulsions des personnes exil&#233;es en situation administrative dite irr&#233;guli&#232;re. La d&#233;claration conjointe adopt&#233;e par vingt-sept &#201;tats invite &#224; &#171; r&#233;&#233;quilibrer &#187; l'article 8 (droit au respect de la vie priv&#233;e et familiale), afin de lever les obstacles juridiques &#224; l'expulsion des personnes condamn&#233;es pour &#171; crimes graves &#187;, tout en proposant de restreindre la port&#233;e de l'article 3 (interdiction de la torture et des traitements inhumains ou d&#233;gradants) aux &#171; situations les plus extr&#234;mes &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En r&#233;duisant le champ d'application de l'article 3, les &#201;tats sacrifient un droit fondamental - qui ne souffre aucune exception- &#224; de pr&#233;tendus imp&#233;ratifs de s&#233;curit&#233; nationale, instrumentalis&#233;s pour l&#233;gitimer des politiques r&#233;pressives et d'exclusion.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pr&#233;sent&#233;e sous les atours trompeurs de la &#171; modernisation &#187;, cette prise de position s'inscrit dans une dynamique inqui&#233;tante de remise en question du droit international des droits de l'Homme, et de la l&#233;gitimit&#233; du pouvoir judiciaire. Elle traduit une volont&#233; d'ing&#233;rence politique dans l'interpr&#233;tation de la Convention et constitue, ce faisant, une atteinte grave au principe de s&#233;paration des pouvoirs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_5785 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/revue_de_presse_-_decembre_2025.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 284.2 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/22-cd1c0.png?1767884418' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir le dernier rapport de Sea-Watch, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://sea-watch.org/en/60-libyan-attacks-at-sea-as-eu-rolls-out-red-carpet-for-militias/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;60 Libyan attacks at sea as EU rolls out red carpet for militias, new data shows&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, du 14 octobre 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens ; LaLibre, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lalibre.be/international/europe/2025/08/26/des-garde-cotes-libyens-formes-et-equipes-par-lunion-europeenne-tirent-sur-le-navire-dune-ong-qui-secourt-des-migrants-DZILOZJNK5DJRJI34FDGSSXF4A/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Des garde-c&#244;tes libyens form&#233;s et &#233;quip&#233;s par l'Union europ&#233;enne tirent sur le navire d'une ONG qui secourt des migrants &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 26 ao&#251;t 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/press-release/2017/12/libya-european-governments-complicit-in-horrific-abuse-of-refugees-and-migrants/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Libye. Les gouvernements europ&#233;ens se rendent complices des violations des droits humains des r&#233;fugi&#233;s et des migrants&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 12 d&#233;cembre 2017&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;UNSMIL, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://unsmil.unmissions.org/en/under-secretary-general-political-and-peacebuilding-affairs-rosemary-dicarlo%E2%80%99s-remarks&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs Rosemary DiCarlo's remarks to the Security Council on the situation in Libya&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 19 f&#233;vrier 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens, MSF, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.msf.fr/actualites/libye-l-enfer-des-centres-de-detention-raconte-de-l-interieur&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Libye : l'enfer des centres de d&#233;tention racont&#233; de l'int&#233;rieur&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 7 d&#233;cembre 2023&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;#ttps://www.amnesty.org/fr/documents/mde30/0180/2025/fr/&#034; class=&#034;spip_ancre&#034;&gt;Tunisie : &#171; Personne ne vous entend quand vous criez &#187; : Le dangereux tournant de la politique migratoire en Tunisie &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 6 novembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment, Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3473.html&#034;&gt;Suspension des activit&#233;s du FTDES en Tunisie&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 28 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2025/11/tunisia-escalating-crackdown-on-human-rights-organizations-reaches-critical-levels/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Tunisie. Le durcissement de la r&#233;pression contre les organisations de d&#233;fense des droits humains atteint des niveaux critiques&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 14 novembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;CEDH, Cour (pl&#233;ni&#232;re), Soering c/ Royaume-Uni, 7 juillet 1989, 14038/88&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment, Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/07/14/syrie-l-armee-israelienne-frappe-plusieurs-chars-apres-les-combats-entre-bedouins-et-druzes_6621175_3210.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=8&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;N&#233;gociations pour un cessez-le-feu dans le sud de la Syrie, apr&#232;s des combats meurtriers&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 14 juillet 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Euractiv, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/rapatriement-de-syriens-le-ministre-allemand-des-affaires-etrangeres-declenche-une-polemique-au-sein-de-son-parti-conservateur/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Rapatriement de Syriens : le ministre allemand des Affaires &#233;trang&#232;res d&#233;clenche une pol&#233;mique au sein de son parti conservateur&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 6 novembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Parti d'extr&#234;me droite autrichien.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2003:251:0012:0018:fr:PDF&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Directive 2003/86/ce du conseil du 22 septembre 2003 relative au droit au regroupement familial&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir la revue de presse de &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3467.html?lang_article=fr#outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;septembre 2025.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir la &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3482.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;revue de presse d'octobre 2025&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;file:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/508947,%20508948.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034;&gt;CE, 30 d&#233;cembre 2025, GISTI et autres, n&#176;508947, 508948, point 3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid. &#167;3&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens, InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/64924/il-ny-a-rien-de-moins-volontaire-quun-retour-volontaire--des-chercheurs-denoncent-des-politiques-dexpulsion-deguisee&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;'Il n'y a rien de moins volontaire qu'un 'retour volontaire'' : des chercheurs d&#233;noncent des politiques d'expulsion d&#233;guis&#233;e&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 3 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Note n&#176;9 Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_9_fr.pdf&#034;&gt; L'OIM, une organisation au service des fronti&#232;res ... ferm&#233;es&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, mai 2019&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Medico International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://web.archive.org/web/20200808001644/https:/www.medico.de/kolu-bilisuma-wird-verraten-16793/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; KoluBilisumawirdverraten&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 22 juin 2017&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-22&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-22&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-22&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;UNCHR, Communiqu&#233; de presse, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/12/european-union-un-experts-alarmed-risk-humanitarian-assistance&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;European Union : UN experts alarmed by risk of humanitarian assistance criminalisation&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 1er d&#233;cembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-23&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-23&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-23&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/FR/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52023PC0755&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Proposition de directive du parlement europ&#233;en et du conseil &#233;tablissant des r&#232;gles minimales pour pr&#233;venir et combattre l'aide &#224; l'entr&#233;e, au transit et au s&#233;jour non autoris&#233;s dans l'Union&lt;/a&gt;, le 28 novembre 2023, 2023/0439 (Cod)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-24&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-24&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-24&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens, Picum, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://picum.org/blog/at-least-142-people-criminalised-for-helping-migrants-in-europe-in-2024/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; At least 142 people criminalised for helping migrants in Europe in 2024&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 29 avril 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-25&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-25&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-25&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2025-12/cp250159fr.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;CJUE, Hamoudi c/ Frontex, aff. C-136/24P&lt;/a&gt; ; &lt;a href=&#034;https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2025-12/cp250158fr.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;CJUE, WS e.a.c/ Frontex, aff. C-679/23P&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-26&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-26&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-26&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment, Anna Sibley, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3472.html#nb7&#034;&gt;Frontex agent intouchable du renseignement migratoire&lt;/a&gt; &#187; article publi&#233; dans la revue Plein droit du n&#176;145 &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/article7541&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrations, pourquoi tant de discours ? &lt;/a&gt; &#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-27&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-27&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-27&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir la note n&#176;3 de Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_3.3_frontex_hors_de_controle_-_2021_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;Frontex : Une agence europ&#233;enne hors de contr&#244;le&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Voir notamment, Euronews, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/06/24/tests-obligatoires-et-duree-de-residence-plus-longue-la-nationalite-portugaise-soumise-a-d&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La nationalit&#233; portugaise sera d&#233;sormais soumise &#224; des r&#232;gles plus strictes&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 24 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-28&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-28&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-28&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir, Migreurop, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3230.html&#034;&gt;Protocole d'accord Italie/Albanie sur les migrations : une coop&#233;ration transfronti&#232;re contraire au droit international&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 13 f&#233;vrier 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-29&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-29&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-29&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment, Amnesty, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2025/08/italy-eu-court-ruling-on-safe-countries-of-origin-is-a-heavy-blow-to-italy-albania-migration-deal/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Italie. La d&#233;cision de la Cour de justice de l'Union europ&#233;enne sur les &#171; pays d'origine s&#251;rs &#187; est un coup rude pour l'accord migratoire entre l'Italie et l'Albanie&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 1er ao&#251;t 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb6-30&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh6-30&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 6-30&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens, Migreurop &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3432.html?lang_article=fr&#034;&gt;D&#233;construire le mythe des pays &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; dans la politique de retour de l'UE&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 20 juin 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press Review October 2025</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3483.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3483.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-11-17T11:30:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Egypte</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Libya</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Mauritania</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>German</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Greece</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Egypt Euronews, &#171; L'Union europ&#233;enne approfondit ses relations avec l'&#201;gypte en augmentant son soutien financier &#224; ce pays d'Afrique du Nord, malgr&#233; les pr&#233;occupations persistantes en mati&#232;re de droits de l'homme &#187;, 22 October 2025 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
The European Union is preparing to grant Egypt &#8364;75 million in new aid as part of a &#8364;7.4 billion plan for 2024&#8211;2027. Presented as support for socio-economic development and the prevention of departures to Europe, this funding once again illustrates the European (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/rubrique461.html" rel="directory"&gt;Press review&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot193.html" rel="tag"&gt;Egypte&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot39.html" rel="tag"&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot23.html" rel="tag"&gt;Mauritania&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot16.html" rel="tag"&gt;German&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot20.html" rel="tag"&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot21.html" rel="tag"&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/12-2-76f3e.png?1763419388' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Egypt&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Egypt&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libya&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Mauritania&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Mauritania&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisia&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Germany&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italy&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Greece&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Entry-Exit System&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Entry-Exit System&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Egypt&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euronews,&lt;/i&gt; &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/10/22/bruxelles-va-annoncer-une-aide-financiere-de-75-millions-deuros-au-caire&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#171; L'Union europ&#233;enne approfondit ses relations avec l'&#201;gypte en augmentant son soutien financier &#224; ce pays d'Afrique du Nord, malgr&#233; les pr&#233;occupations persistantes en mati&#232;re de droits de l'homme&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 22 October 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The European Union is preparing to grant Egypt &#8364;75 million in new aid as part of a &#8364;7.4 billion plan for 2024&#8211;2027. Presented as support for socio-economic development and the prevention of departures to Europe, this funding once again illustrates the European strategy of externalising migration control.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By transferring responsibility for receiving migrants to countries in the Global South, the European Union is transforming &lt;i&gt;pushbacks&lt;/i&gt; into &lt;i&gt;pullbacks&lt;/i&gt;. Rather than directly expelling or turning away migrants at its borders, the European Union is delegating these practices to third countries, thereby keeping its hands clean. By cooperating with Egypt to hinder mobility, the European Union is sacrificing fundamental rights and, in doing so, assuming responsibility. This decision has been taken despite the serious violations committed under Abdel Fattah al-Sissi's regime, including arbitrary arrests, enforced disappearances, torture and systematic repression of civil society.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Amnesty International's report on the human rights situation in Egypt.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This policy, justified by the fiction of &#8220;local development to deter departures&#8221;, ignores the structural causes of forced migration &#8211; poverty, corruption, repression &#8211; and reinforces the very mechanisms that produce it. Behind the rhetoric of a &#8220;win&#8211;win&#8221; partnership lies a Europe that is outsourcing its borders and sacrificing human rights in favour of security cooperation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Libya&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants,&lt;/i&gt; &#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/67824/libye--long-medecins-sans-frontieres-sommee-par-les-autorites-de-quitter-le-pays-avant-le-9-novembre&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Libye : l'ONG M&#233;decins sans fronti&#232;res 'somm&#233;e' par les autorit&#233;s de quitter le pays avant le 9 novembre&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 29 October 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Libyan Ministry of Foreign Affairs has ordered M&#233;decins Sans Fronti&#232;res (MSF) to leave the country before 9 November, without providing any justification. In March 2025, the organisation had already been forced to suspend its activities following the closure of its premises, with Tripoli accusing it of carrying out &#8220;hostile actions aimed at changing the demographic composition of the country&#8221;. This decision marks the end of the presence of the last NGO providing medical assistance to people on the move in western Libya. Since 2023, MSF has provided nearly 20,000 medical and psychological consultations there, so its withdrawal leaves thousands of people without access to healthcare.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Libyan decision to force MSF to leave the country is part of a strategy to eliminate witnesses to the violence inflicted on migrants, who are regularly subjected to arrests, intimidation, delegitimisation campaigns and violence.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard SOS M&#233;diterran&#233;e, &#171; Suspension des activit&#233;s de dix (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; This expulsion also highlights the responsibility of the European Union, which since 2017 has continued to contribute to the funding and training of the Libyan &#8220;coast guard&#8221;, despite its responsibility for shootings, arbitrary arrests and acts of torture against people on the move.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Sea-Watch's latest report, &#171;60 Libyan attacks at sea as EU rolls out red (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By banning humanitarian actors from the territory, the Libyan authorities are guaranteeing impunity for militias and security forces, rendering violations of migrants' rights invisible and normalising violence as a tool for managing migration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Mauritania&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants,&lt;/i&gt; &#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/67824/libye--long-medecins-sans-frontieres-sommee-par-les-autorites-de-quitter-le-pays-avant-le-9-novembre&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Libye : l'ONG M&#233;decins sans fronti&#232;res 'somm&#233;e' par les autorit&#233;s de quitter le pays avant le 9 novembre&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 29 October 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since the beginning of 2025, nearly 2,000 migrants have been returned to their countries from Mauritania as part of the &#8220;voluntary return&#8221; programme coordinated by the International Organisation for Migration (IOM). This is twice the number recorded in 2024. These returns are taking place in a context marked by repeated violations of rights and increasing pressure on people on the move in Mauritania: arbitrary arrests and detentions, incessant checks, raids on homes, mass expulsions and lack of access to fundamental rights and healthcare.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the report, &#171; Mauritania: UN expert commends Government for addressing (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; Under these conditions, many have no choice but to leave.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the report by Human Rights Watch, 27 August 2025.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This shift towards security and repression coincides with the signing of a &#8220;migration partnership&#8221; between the EU and Mauritania in 2024, aimed at outsourcing migration management and thus preventing departures to Europe, at the cost of a massive deterioration in the rights of people on the move. Testimonies describe a climate of administrative and police terror, where minors, often unaccompanied or isolated, account for nearly half of those returned. The EU welcomes the decline in arrivals in the Canary Islands (&#8211;59%), which is in fact based on a logic of refoulement, invisibilisation and delegation of repression. Mauritania is thus becoming a central link in a chain of deterrence financed by Europe, where &#8220;voluntary returns&#8221; are in reality expulsions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Tunisia&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;L'Orient le jour,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1482725/tunisie-suspension-dune-deuxieme-ong-tres-active-le-ftdes.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Suspension d'une deuxi&#232;me ONG tr&#232;s active, le FTDES&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 27 October 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The activities of the Tunisian Forum for Economic and Social Rights (FTDES), a member of the Migreurop network, have been arbitrarily suspended for one month by decision of the Tunisian Ministry of the Interior. This measure is part of a broader offensive by the government of President Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed against human rights associations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Le Monde, &#171; En Tunisie, la suspension de l'embl&#233;matique (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; and civil society organisations in general. The FTDES also reports that it has been subject to continuous financial and tax audits since April 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By criminalising civil society actors, the Tunisian authorities are hindering solidarity and undermining the protection of the rights of people on the move by increasing the opacity of violence against them, particularly practices of refoulement and detention, in a country that has become a key player in European migration policies.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular Amnesty International's statement, &#171; UE/Tunisie. L'accord (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; Ultimately, by sanctioning the FTDES, the Tunisian authorities are sending a clear message: defending human rights is itself becoming an act of dissent.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the FTDES statement.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Germany&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Politico,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; Ge&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/germany-taliban-friedrich-merz-spearheads-drive-legitimize-exchange-migrant-deportations/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;rmany spearheads drive to legitimize Taliban in exchange for migrant deportations&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 17 October 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Chancellor Merz's government is negotiating directly with the Taliban to resume deportations to Afghanistan. Berlin is seeking to conclude a bilateral agreement allowing for the organisation of regular &#8220;repatriation&#8221; flights. Officially, these deportations would initially target individuals convicted of crimes or offences&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;This summer, 81 Afghan nationals were already deported to Afghanistan. See (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, but the German government has not ruled out extending these measures to all Afghan nationals whose asylum applications have been rejected. &#8216;Technical' discussions took place in Kabul, and Taliban representatives were allowed to intervene in Afghan consulates in Germany, a first in the European Union.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By choosing to negotiate with the Taliban to allow deportations, Germany is locking itself into a major contradiction: it is negotiating with a regime that it does not officially recognise, thereby granting it a form of legitimacy. However, Afghanistan cannot be considered a &#8220;safe country of origin&#8221;; the country remains highly unstable and continues to be marked by massive human rights violations, making any deportation contrary to the principle of non-refoulement and, by extension, to Germany's international commitments. The UN continues to warn of &#8220;cases of torture, ill-treatment, arbitrary arrest and detention&#8221; attributed to the Taliban authorities against Afghan nationals returning to the country.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the UN report, &#171; No safe haven: Human rights risks faced by persons (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; This shift illustrates a profound break with the &#8220;welcome policy&#8221; promoted by Angela Merkel in 2015 and paves the way for a Europe of deportation, ready to deal with the tormentors of those it refuses to welcome.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Italy&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mediapart,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/fil-dactualites/211025/italie-ouverture-du-proces-d-une-ong-secourant-des-migrants-une-premiere&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Italie: ouverture du proc&#232;s d'une ONG secourant des migrants, une premi&#232;re&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 22 October 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 21 October 2025, the trial of six members of the NGO Mediterranea Saving Humans (MSH) began in Sicily. They are accused of &#8220;aiding illegal immigration&#8221; for rescuing 27 migrants abandoned at sea.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The humanitarian workers are being prosecuted for receiving &#8364;125,000 from shipping giant Maersk after transferring 27 people on the move who had been stranded for over a month on the cargo ship Maersk Etienne in September 2020. The ship, which had carried out the rescue at Malta's request, was refused entry to any European port. For MSH, this trial is nothing more than an attempt to criminalise sea rescue, at a time when European states are shirking their international obligations to provide assistance and state naval patrols have disappeared from the Mediterranean.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This trial is part of a consistent trend by the Italian authorities to criminalise civilian search and rescue actors in order to deter any civilian operations at sea. Rescue NGOs are subject to systematic repression&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the July 2025 and September 2025 press reviews.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;: seizure of vessels, restrictions on access to distress areas, administrative sanctions, criminal prosecutions and disproportionate financial penalties. This strategy is aimed less at saving lives than at deterring rescue, effectively transforming the Mediterranean into an exceptional space where maritime law is violated with impunity. However, in July 2025 the Italian Constitutional Court ruled&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; that any decision based on punitive and discriminatory standards that circumvent international maritime law should be considered illegal and illegitimate.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Italian authorities prefer to prosecute those who save lives rather than those who let them die. This moral reversal reveals the excesses of a Europe that externalises its borders, criminalises mobility and hinders solidarity.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;France&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;M&#233;diapart,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/141025/migrations-des-associations-contestent-l-accord-franco-britannique-devant-le-conseil-d-etat&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrations : des associations contestent l'accord franco-britannique devant le Conseil d'&#201;tat&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 14 October 2025.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 10 October 2025, sixteen organisations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Including Anaf&#233;, La Cimade, the Fasti, the Gisti, the Syndicat des avocats (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; filed an appeal with the Council of State to request the annulment of the decree implementing the migration agreement signed between France and the United Kingdom in July 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;They argue, firstly, that it violates Article 53 of the Constitution, which requires parliamentary ratification of international agreements affecting fundamental freedoms. However, the French Parliament was never consulted. Secondly, it infringes individual freedom (protected by Article 66 of the Constitution and Article 5 of the ECHR) by authorising the detention and forced transfer of migrants for several days. The associations also cite a violation of the right to asylum and the principle of non-refoulement, as the agreement does not provide for any individual examination of situations or effective recourse to challenge transfer decisions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Beyond its procedural illegality, this agreement illustrates a repressive and dehumanising logic that reduces migrants to diplomatic bargaining chips. People on the move, already trapped between Calais and Dover, become hostages in a bilateral game where repression is used to demonstrate political firmness which, far from stemming the crossings, institutionalises violence at the borders and enshrines the renunciation of international protection obligations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2025/10/16/mineurs-etrangers-non-accompagnes-l-onu-denonce-des-violations-graves-et-systematiques-des-droits-des-enfants-par-la-france_6647180_3224.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mineurs &#233;trangers non accompagn&#233;s : l'ONU d&#233;nonce des violations &#171; graves et syst&#233;matiques&lt;/a&gt; &#187; des droits des enfants par la France &#187;, 16 October 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child accuses France of serious and systematic violations of its international obligations towards unaccompanied minors. In its report&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the Committee's report, &#171; La France responsable de violations graves et (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, it refers to minors living in degrading conditions, deprived of access to healthcare, education and any appropriate protection. The Committee also condemns the treatment of those placed in airport waiting areas, which are akin to detention centres, and considers their deprivation of liberty to be disproportionate and arbitrary.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard Anaf&#233;'s statement.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report questions a system that contravenes the fundamental principle of presumption of minority, based on suspicion rather than protection. Without identity documents, young people on the move are forced to undergo controversial bone tests or arbitrary interviews conducted by the d&#233;partements. These procedures, which are often biased&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;The report shows that between 50% and 80% of young people initially rejected (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, result in children having their minority status denied.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Behind the supposed rigour of minority checks lies a policy of exclusion that forces minors to live on the streets, exposing them to a high risk of violations of their rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Greece&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/67552/la-cour-europeenne-des-droits-de-lhomme-juge-les-gardescotes-grecs-responsables-de-la-mort-de-16-exiles-lors-dun-naufrage-survenu-en-2018&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La Cour europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme juge les gardes-c&#244;tes grecs responsables de la mort de 16 exil&#233;s lors d'un naufrage survenu en 2018&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 16 October 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) has condemned Greece for its responsibility in the deaths of 16 people on the move during a shipwreck on 16 March 2018 off the coast of Agathonisi in the Aegean Sea. In its ruling of 14 October 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;ECHR, Case F.M. and Others v. GREECE, 14 October 2025.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, the ECHR noted that the Greek coastguard, alerted in the early hours of the tragedy, failed to take the necessary measures to rescue those in distress: it took more than 24 hours for a search operation to be launched. The Court ruled that Greece had violated Article 2 of the Convention (right to life) by failing to provide prompt and effective assistance and by conducting a flawed criminal investigation, which was closed without further action despite overwhelming evidence.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Paradoxically, this decision reveals the impunity of Member States in the face of violence committed against people on the move. Practices of non-assistance at sea, as well as &lt;i&gt;pushbacks&lt;/i&gt;, have become pillars of European migration governance and reflect a &#8220;securitisation&#8221; of maritime control, where deterrence and the criminalisation of mobility take precedence over the protection of the lives of migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Politico,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/kosovo-uk-migrant-returns-deal-albin-kurtin/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Kosovo in talks with UK on migrant returns deal&lt;/a&gt;&#187;, 21 October 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/oct/21/kosovo-offers-to-become-first-country-to-accept-britains-unsuccessful-asylum-seekers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Kosovo offers to become first country to accept Britain's refused asylum seekers&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 22 October 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;After the failure of the Rwandan project, which was deemed illegal in 2023&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;UK Supreme Court, AAA and others v. Secretary of State for the Home (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, London is now exploring the Balkans as a way to outsource its border management. Negotiations are focusing on the creation of a centre in Kosovo to &#8220;welcome&#8221; asylum seekers whose claims have been rejected in the United Kingdom. The Kosovar Prime Minister has confirmed these discussions, citing a &#8220;duty of friendship&#8221; towards London and expressing his desire to &#8220;contribute to European security&#8221; in exchange for British support. The United Kingdom, for its part, presents this project as a strategic partnership and a tool for regional stabilisation. Keir Starmer praised this &#8220;mutually beneficial&#8221; cooperation in Belfast&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Balkans Summit, 8&#8211;9 October 2025.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, promising &#163;10 million to combat people smugglers and deploy surveillance technology in the region.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The draft agreement is in fact based on a political barter: the United Kingdom delegates the reception of migrants deemed undesirable in the UK in exchange for military and diplomatic support, to give the illusion of effective migration control.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This diplomacy of return illustrates the hardening of a Europe obsessed with deterrence. Following agreements with Tunisia, Libya and Albania, the UK is now seeking to impose the &#8220;return hubs&#8221; model in the Balkans, a transit zone that has become a buffer zone. This strategy, which purports to solve &#8220;migration crises&#8221; by shifting them elsewhere, merely pushes back the boundaries of the law and destabilises countries in the Global South.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Under the guise of efficiency, it normalises the idea that a person on the move can be detained in a country they never wanted to go to and/or have never set foot in, in the name of a migration policy that has become a tool for geopolitical negotiation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Entry-Exit System&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv,&lt;/i&gt; &#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euractiv.com/news/europe-launches-new-digital-border-checks-for-non-eu-citizens/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Europe launches new digital border checks for non-EU citizens&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 12 October 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The new European Entry/Exit System (EES) was launched on 12 October. It is an automated digital system designed to record the entries and exits of all third-country nationals crossing the external borders of the Schengen area. This system, provided for in a 2017 Regulation&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Regulation (EU) 2017/226 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh7-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, is based on the collection and processing of biometric data &#8211; fingerprints, facial recognition and iris scans &#8211; coupled with information contained in passports.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The information collected is stored for three years by eu-LISA, the European agency responsible for large-scale IT systems, and can be interconnected with other databases such as Eurodac or ETIAS, thus creating a traceability system that is akin to surveillance.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb7-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard: Anaf&#233;, Bo&#238;te &#224; fichiers 2025, p. 90.&#034; id=&#034;nh7-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In reality, this tool for &#8220;modernising&#8221; border management organises and normalises mass data collection. It aims to further restrict and control mobility within the Schengen area, particularly secondary movements. The system will also facilitate the identification and expulsion of people on the move, particularly those in the Dublin procedure. The EES also contributes to the criminalisation of migrants, turning them into suspects simply because they have crossed a border. Under the pretext of &#8220;security&#8221;, the European Union is thus continuing the merger, initiated by the Pact, of migration policy and anti-terrorism policy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_5849 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/10_-_press_review_october_2025_-_en.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 622.4 KiB' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/12-4-aa164.png?1769078930' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Amnesty International's report &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/north-africa/egypt/report-egypt/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;on the human rights situation in Egypt&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard SOS M&#233;diterran&#233;e, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://sosmediterranee.fr/focus/dix-organisations-humanitaires-en-libye-fermees-pour-activites-hostiles/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Suspension des activit&#233;s de dix organisations humanitaires en Libye jug&#233;es &#171; hostiles &#187;&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 24 April 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Sea-Watch's latest report, &#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://sea-watch.org/en/60-libyan-attacks-at-sea-as-eu-rolls-out-red-carpet-for-militias/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;60 Libyan attacks at sea as EU rolls out red carpet for militias, new data shows&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 14 October 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the report, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/09/mauritania-un-expert-commends-government-addressing-migration-challenges-and&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritania: UN expert commends Government for addressing migration challenges and urges end to collective expulsions&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 12 September 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2025/08/27/mauritanie-des-annees-dabus-lies-aux-controles-des-migrations&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;the report by Human Rights Watch&lt;/a&gt;, 27 August 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2025/10/25/en-tunisie-la-suspension-de-l-emblematique-association-des-femmes-democrates-provoque-de-vives-reactions_6649602_3212.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;En Tunisie, la suspension de l'embl&#233;matique Association des femmes d&#233;mocrates provoque de vives r&#233;actions&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 25 October 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular Amnesty International's statement, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2023/07/eu-tunisia-agreement-on-migration-makes-eu-complicit-in-abuses-against-asylum-seekers-refugees-and-migrants/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;UE/Tunisie. L'accord sur les migrations rend l'UE complice des violations des droits inflig&#233;es &#224; des demandeurs&#183;euses d'asile, migrant&#183;e&#183;s et r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e&#183;s&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 17 July 2023.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3473.html&#034;&gt;FTDES statement&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;This summer, 81 Afghan nationals were already deported to Afghanistan. See &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3449.html?lang_article=fr%23nb10&#034;&gt;the July 2025 press review&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the UN report, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/afghanistan/unama-human-rights-risks-and-returns-en.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;No safe haven: Human rights risks faced by persons involuntarily returned to Afghanistan&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, July 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the July 2025 and September 2025 press reviews.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Including Anaf&#233;, La Cimade, the Fasti, the Gisti, the Syndicat des avocats de France (SAF) and Utopia 56. See &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?article7598&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;their statement&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See the Committee's report, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/fr/press-releases/2025/10/france-responsible-grave-and-systematic-violations-rights-unaccompanied&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La France responsable de violations graves et syst&#233;matiques des droits des enfants migrants non accompagn&#233;s, selon un comit&#233; des Nations Unies&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 16 October 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard &lt;a href=&#034;https://anafe.org/lenfermement-des-enfants-aux-frontieres-est-une-detention-arbitraire/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Anaf&#233;'s statement&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;The &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/fr/press-releases/2025/10/france-responsible-grave-and-systematic-violations-rights-unaccompanied&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;report&lt;/a&gt; shows that between 50% and 80% of young people initially rejected are ultimately recognised as minors after review.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;ECHR, &lt;a href=&#034;https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/%23%25257B%252522itemid%252522:%25255B%252522001-245252%252522%25255D%25257D&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Case F.M. and Others v. GREECE&lt;/a&gt;, 14 October 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;UK Supreme Court, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/uksc-2023-0093%23judgment-details&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;AAA and others v. Secretary of State for the Home Department&lt;/a&gt;, 15 November 2023, UKSC 42.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Balkans Summit, 8&#8211;9 October 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Regulation (EU) 2017/226 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2017 establishing an Entry/Exit System (EES).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb7-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh7-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 7-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard: Anaf&#233;, &lt;a href=&#034;https://anafe.org/boite-a-fichiers/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Bo&#238;te &#224; fichiers 2025&lt;/a&gt;, p. 90.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Revue de presse Octobre 2025</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3482.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3482.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-11-15T11:30:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Egypte</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Libye</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Mauritanie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Allemagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Gr&#232;ce</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Egypte Euronews, &#171; L'Union europ&#233;enne approfondit ses relations avec l'&#201;gypte en augmentant son soutien financier &#224; ce pays d'Afrique du Nord, malgr&#233; les pr&#233;occupations persistantes en mati&#232;re de droits de l'homme &#187;, le 22 octobre 2025 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
L'Union europ&#233;enne s'appr&#234;te &#224; accorder &#224; l'&#201;gypte une nouvelle aide de 75 millions d'euros, dans le cadre d'un vaste plan de 7,4 milliards d'euros pr&#233;vu entre 2024 et 2027. Pr&#233;sent&#233; comme un soutien au d&#233;veloppement socio-&#233;conomique et &#224; la pr&#233;vention des (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot202.html" rel="tag"&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/18-c42da.png?1763419388' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Egypte&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Egypte&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libye&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Libye&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Mauritanie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Mauritanie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Tunisie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Allemagne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Allemagne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Italie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Gr&#232;ce&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Entry-Exit system&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Entry-Exit system&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Egypte&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euronews,&lt;/i&gt; &lt;a href=&#034;https://fr.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/10/22/bruxelles-va-annoncer-une-aide-financiere-de-75-millions-deuros-au-caire&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#171; L'Union europ&#233;enne approfondit ses relations avec l'&#201;gypte en augmentant son soutien financier &#224; ce pays d'Afrique du Nord, malgr&#233; les pr&#233;occupations persistantes en mati&#232;re de droits de l'homme&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 22 octobre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'Union europ&#233;enne s'appr&#234;te &#224; accorder &#224; l'&#201;gypte une nouvelle aide de 75 millions d'euros, dans le cadre d'un vaste plan de 7,4 milliards d'euros pr&#233;vu entre 2024 et 2027. Pr&#233;sent&#233; comme un soutien au d&#233;veloppement socio-&#233;conomique et &#224; la pr&#233;vention des d&#233;parts vers l'Europe, ce financement illustre une fois de plus la strat&#233;gie europ&#233;enne d'externalisation du contr&#244;le migratoire.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En transf&#233;rant aux pays du Sud global la responsabilit&#233; de l'accueil des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s, l'Union europ&#233;enne transforme les &lt;i&gt;pushbacks&lt;/i&gt; en &lt;i&gt;pullbacks&lt;/i&gt;. Plut&#244;t que d'expulser ou de refouler directement les personnes en migration &#224; ses fronti&#232;res, l'Union d&#233;l&#232;gue ces pratiques &#224; des pays tiers et entend ainsi garder les mains propres. En coop&#233;rant avec l'&#201;gypte pour entraver les mobilit&#233;s, l'Union europ&#233;enne sacrifie pourtant les droits fondamentaux et avec eux, elle engage sa responsabilit&#233;. En effet, ce choix intervient malgr&#233; les graves violations commises sous le r&#233;gime d'Abdel Fattah al-Sissi : arrestations arbitraires, disparitions forc&#233;es, torture et r&#233;pression syst&#233;matique de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir le rapport d'Amnesty International sur la situation des droits humains (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette politique, justifi&#233;e par la fiction du &#171; d&#233;veloppement local pour dissuader les d&#233;parts &#187;, ignore les causes structurelles de l'exil &#8211; pauvret&#233;, corruption, r&#233;pression &#8211; et renforce les m&#233;canismes m&#234;mes qui la produisent. Derri&#232;re la rh&#233;torique du partenariat &#171; gagnant-gagnant &#187;, se profile une Europe qui sous-traite sa fronti&#232;re et sacrifie les droits humains au profit d'une coop&#233;ration s&#233;curitaire.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Libye&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/67824/libye--long-medecins-sans-frontieres-sommee-par-les-autorites-de-quitter-le-pays-avant-le-9-novembre&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Libye : l'ONG M&#233;decins sans fronti&#232;res 'somm&#233;e' par les autorit&#233;s de quitter le pays avant le 9 novembre&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 29 octobre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le minist&#232;re des Affaires &#233;trang&#232;res libyen a ordonn&#233; &#224; M&#233;decins sans fronti&#232;res (MSF) de quitter le pays avant le 9 novembre, sans fournir de justification. En mars 2025 d&#233;j&#224;, l'organisation avait d&#251; suspendre ses activit&#233;s, &#224; la suite de la fermeture de ses locaux, Tripoli l'accusant de mener des actions &#171; hostiles visant &#224; modifier la composition d&#233;mographique du pays &#187;. Cette d&#233;cision acte la fin de la pr&#233;sence de la derni&#232;re ONG offrant une assistance m&#233;dicale aux exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s dans l'ouest de la Libye. Depuis 2023, MSF y a assur&#233; pr&#232;s de 20 000 consultations m&#233;dicales et psychologiques, son retrait laisse donc des milliers de personnes sans acc&#232;s aux soins.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La d&#233;cision libyenne de contraindre MSF &#224; quitter le territoire s'inscrit dans une strat&#233;gie visant &#224; faire dispara&#238;tre les t&#233;moins des violences inflig&#233;es aux personnes exil&#233;es, r&#233;guli&#232;rement soumises &#224; des arrestations, des intimidations, des campagnes de d&#233;l&#233;gitimation et des violences&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment SOS M&#233;diterran&#233;e, &#171; Suspension des activit&#233;s de dix (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Cette expulsion pointe &#233;galement la responsabilit&#233; de l'Union europ&#233;enne, qui depuis 2017, persiste &#224; contribuer au financement et &#224; la formation des &#171; garde-c&#244;tes &#187; libyens, pourtant responsables de tirs, d'arrestations arbitraires et d'actes de torture contre les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir le dernier rapport de Sea-Watch, &#171; 60 Libyan attacks at sea as EU rolls (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En interdisant les acteurs humanitaires sur le territoire, les autorit&#233;s libyennes garantissent l'impunit&#233; des milices et des forces de s&#233;curit&#233;, rendent invisibles les violations des droits des personnes en migration et normalisent la violence comme instrument de gestion migratoire.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Mauritanie&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/67824/libye--long-medecins-sans-frontieres-sommee-par-les-autorites-de-quitter-le-pays-avant-le-9-novembre&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Libye : l'ONG M&#233;decins sans fronti&#232;res 'somm&#233;e' par les autorit&#233;s de quitter le pays avant le 9 novembre&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 29 octobre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis le d&#233;but de 2025, pr&#232;s de 2 000 exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s ont &#233;t&#233; renvoy&#233;&#183;e&#183;s dans leur pays depuis la Mauritanie dans le cadre du programme de &#171; retour volontaire &#187; coordonn&#233; par l'Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM). C'est le double du nombre enregistr&#233; en 2024. Ces renvois se d&#233;roulent dans un contexte marqu&#233; par des violations r&#233;p&#233;t&#233;es de droits, des pressions croissantes sur les personnes exil&#233;es en Mauritanie : arrestations et d&#233;tentions arbitraires, contr&#244;les incessants, rafles dans les habitations, expulsions massives et absence d'acc&#232;s aux droits fondamentaux et aux soins de sant&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir le rapport, &#171; Mauritania : UN expert commends Government for addressing (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Dans ces conditions, beaucoup n'ont d'autre choix que de repartir&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment, le rapport de l'ONG Human Rights Watch, du 27 ao&#251;t 2025.&#034; id=&#034;nh8-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce tournant s&#233;curitaire et r&#233;pressif co&#239;ncide avec la signature d'un &#171; partenariat migratoire &#187; entre l'UE et la Mauritanie en 2024, visant &#224; externaliser la gestion migratoire et ainsi emp&#234;cher les d&#233;parts vers l'Europe, au prix d'une d&#233;t&#233;rioration massive des droits des personnes exil&#233;es. Les t&#233;moignages &#233;voquent un climat de terreur administrative et polici&#232;re, o&#249; les mineurs, souvent non accompagn&#233;s ou isol&#233;s, repr&#233;sentent pr&#232;s de la moiti&#233; des personnes renvoy&#233;es. L'UE se f&#233;licite de la baisse des arriv&#233;es aux Canaries (&#8211;59 %), qui repose en r&#233;alit&#233; sur une logique de refoulement, d'invisibilisation et de d&#233;l&#233;gation de la r&#233;pression. La Mauritanie devient ainsi un maillon central d'une cha&#238;ne de dissuasion financ&#233;e par l'Europe, o&#249; les &#171; retours volontaires &#187; sont de v&#233;ritables expulsions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Tunisie&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;L'Orient le jour,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1482725/tunisie-suspension-dune-deuxieme-ong-tres-active-le-ftdes.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Suspension d'une deuxi&#232;me ONG tr&#232;s active, le FTDES&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 27 octobre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les activit&#233;s du Forum tunisien pour les droits &#233;conomiques et sociaux (FTDES), membre du r&#233;seau Migreurop, ont &#233;t&#233; arbitrairement suspendues pour un mois par d&#233;cision du minist&#232;re de l'Int&#233;rieur tunisien. Cette mesure s'inscrit dans une offensive plus large conduite par le gouvernement du pr&#233;sident Ka&#239;s Sa&#239;ed, &#224; l'encontre des associations de d&#233;fense des droits humains&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment, Le Monde &#171; En Tunisie, la suspension de l'embl&#233;matique (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; et des organisations de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile en g&#233;n&#233;ral. Le FTDES indique par ailleurs faire continuellement l'objet d'audits financiers et fiscaux depuis avril 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En criminalisant les acteurs civils, les autorit&#233;s tunisiennes entravent la solidarit&#233; et portent atteinte &#224; la protection des droits des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s en renfor&#231;ant l'opacit&#233; des violences &#224; leur encontre, notamment les pratiques de refoulement et de d&#233;tention, dans un pays devenu un acteur cl&#233; des politiques migratoires europ&#233;ennes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; d'Amnesty International, &#171; UE/Tunisie. L'accord (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;i&gt;In fine&lt;/i&gt;, en sanctionnant le FTDES, les autorit&#233;s tunisiennes envoient un message clair : la d&#233;fense des droits humains devient, elle aussi, un acte de dissidence&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir le communiqu&#233; du FTDES.&#034; id=&#034;nh8-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Allemagne&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Politico,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; Ge&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/germany-taliban-friedrich-merz-spearheads-drive-legitimize-exchange-migrant-deportations/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;rmany spearheads drive to legitimize Taliban in exchange for migrant deportations&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 17 octobre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le gouvernement du chancelier Merz n&#233;gocie directement avec les Talibans afin de reprendre les expulsions vers l'Afghanistan. Berlin cherche &#224; conclure un accord bilat&#233;ral permettant l'organisation de vols r&#233;guliers de &#171; rapatriement &#187;. Officiellement, ces expulsions viseraient d'abord les personnes reconnues coupables de d&#233;lits ou de crimes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Cet &#233;t&#233; d&#233;j&#224;, 81 ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s afghan&#183;ne&#183;s ont &#233;t&#233; expuls&#233;s vers (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, mais le gouvernement allemand n'exclut pas d'&#233;tendre ces mesures &#224; l'ensemble des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s afghan&#183;e&#183;s d&#233;bout&#233;&#183;e&#183;s de l'asile. Les discussions &#171; techniques &#187; ont eu lieu &#224; Kaboul, et des repr&#233;sentants talibans ont &#233;t&#233; autoris&#233;s &#224; intervenir dans les consulats afghans en Allemagne, une premi&#232;re dans l'Union europ&#233;enne.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En choisissant de n&#233;gocier avec les talibans pour permettre les expulsions, l'Allemagne s'enferme dans une contradiction majeure, elle n&#233;gocie avec un r&#233;gime qu'elle ne reconna&#238;t pas officiellement, lui accordant de facto une forme de l&#233;gitimit&#233;. Or, l'Afghanistan ne saurait &#234;tre consid&#233;r&#233; comme un &#171; pays d'origine s&#251;r &#187;, le pays reste fortement instable et continue d'&#234;tre marqu&#233; par des violations massives des droits de l'Homme, rendant toute expulsion contraire au principe de non-refoulement et, extensivement, aux engagements internationaux de l'Allemagne. L'ONU continue d'alerter sur les &#171; cas de torture, de maltraitance, d'arrestation et de d&#233;tention arbitraire &#187; imput&#233;s aux autorit&#233;s talibanes contre des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s afghan&#183;e&#183;s de retour dans le pays&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir le rapport de l'ONU, &#171; No safe haven : Human rights risks faced by (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Ce basculement illustre une rupture profonde avec la &#171; politique d'accueil &#187; port&#233;e par Angela Merkel en 2015 et ouvre la voie &#224; une Europe du renvoi, pr&#234;te &#224; traiter avec les bourreaux de celles et ceux qu'elle refuse d'accueillir.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Italie&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mediapart,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/fil-dactualites/211025/italie-ouverture-du-proces-d-une-ong-secourant-des-migrants-une-premiere&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Italie : ouverture du proc&#232;s d'une ONG secourant des migrants, une premi&#232;re&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 22 octobre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 21 octobre 2025 s'est ouvert en Sicile le proc&#232;s de six membres de l'ONG Mediterranea Saving Humans (MSH), accus&#233;s &#171; d'aide &#224; l'immigration clandestine &#187; pour avoir secouru 27 personnes migrantes abandonn&#233;es en mer.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les humanitaires sont poursuivis pour avoir per&#231;u 125 000 euros du g&#233;ant du transport maritime Maersk, apr&#232;s le transfert en septembre 2020 de 27 exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s bloqu&#233;&#183;e&#183;s depuis plus d'un mois sur le cargo Maersk Etienne. Ce navire, qui avait proc&#233;d&#233; au sauvetage &#224; la demande de Malte, s'&#233;tait vu refuser tout port de d&#233;barquement par les &#201;tats europ&#233;ens. Pour MSH, ce proc&#232;s n'est rien d'autre qu'une tentative de criminalisation du sauvetage en mer, alors que les &#201;tats europ&#233;ens se d&#233;faussent de leurs obligations internationales en mati&#232;re de secours et que les patrouilles navales &#233;tatiques ont disparu de M&#233;diterran&#233;e.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce proc&#232;s s'inscrit dans une tendance constante des autorit&#233;s italiennes, qui criminalisent les acteurs civils de recherche et de sauvetage pour dissuader toute op&#233;ration civile en mer. Les ONG de sauvetage subissent une r&#233;pression syst&#233;matique&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir les revues de presse de juillet 2025 et septembre 2025.&#034; id=&#034;nh8-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; : saisies de navires, restrictions d'acc&#232;s aux zones de d&#233;tresse, sanctions administratives, poursuites p&#233;nales, sanctions financi&#232;res disproportionn&#233;es. Cette strat&#233;gie vise moins &#224; sauver qu'&#224; dissuader, transformant de fait la M&#233;diterran&#233;e en un espace d'exception o&#249; le droit maritime est impun&#233;ment viol&#233;. La Cour constitutionnelle italienne a pourtant jug&#233; en ce sens, au mois de juillet 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid.&#034; id=&#034;nh8-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, que toute d&#233;cision fond&#233;e sur des normes punitives et discriminatoires, contournant le droit maritime international, devait &#234;tre consid&#233;r&#233;e comme ill&#233;gale et ill&#233;gitime.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les autorit&#233;s italiennes pr&#233;f&#232;rent poursuivre celles et ceux qui sauvent des vies plut&#244;t que ceux qui les laissent mourir. Ce renversement moral r&#233;v&#232;le les d&#233;rives d'une Europe qui externalise ses fronti&#232;res, criminalise les mobilit&#233;s et entrave la solidarit&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;France&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;M&#233;diapart,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/141025/migrations-des-associations-contestent-l-accord-franco-britannique-devant-le-conseil-d-etat&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Migrations : des associations contestent l'accord franco-britannique devant le Conseil d'&#201;tat&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 14 octobre 2025.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 10 octobre 2025, seize organisations&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Dont l'Anaf&#233;, La Cimade, la Fasti, le Gisti, le Syndicat des avocats de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; ont d&#233;pos&#233; un recours devant le Conseil d'&#201;tat pour demander l'annulation du d&#233;cret rendant applicable l'accord migratoire sign&#233; entre la France et le Royaume-Uni en juillet 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Au motif d'une part, qu'il viole l'article 53 de la Constitution qui impose la ratification parlementaire des accords internationaux affectant les libert&#233;s fondamentales. Or, le Parlement fran&#231;ais n'a jamais &#233;t&#233; consult&#233;. D'autre part, il porte atteinte &#224; la libert&#233; individuelle (prot&#233;g&#233;e par l'article 66 de la Constitution et l'article 5 de la CEDH) en autorisant la r&#233;tention et le transfert forc&#233; de personnes migrantes pendant plusieurs jours. Les associations invoquent &#233;galement une violation du droit d'asile et du principe de non-refoulement, car le dispositif ne pr&#233;voit aucun examen individuel des situations ni recours effectif pour contester les d&#233;cisions de transfert.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Au-del&#224; de l'ill&#233;galit&#233; proc&#233;durale, cet accord illustre une logique r&#233;pressive et d&#233;shumanisante qui r&#233;duit les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; des unit&#233;s d'&#233;change diplomatique. Les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s, d&#233;j&#224; pris au pi&#232;ge entre Calais et Douvres, deviennent otages d'un jeu bilat&#233;ral o&#249; la r&#233;pression sert &#224; d&#233;montrer la fermet&#233; politique, qui, loin d'endiguer les travers&#233;es, institutionnalise la violence aux fronti&#232;res, et consacre le renoncement aux obligations internationales de protection.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2025/10/16/mineurs-etrangers-non-accompagnes-l-onu-denonce-des-violations-graves-et-systematiques-des-droits-des-enfants-par-la-france_6647180_3224.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mineurs &#233;trangers non accompagn&#233;s : l'ONU d&#233;nonce des violations &#171; graves et syst&#233;matiques&lt;/a&gt; &#187; des droits des enfants par la France &#187;, le 16 octobre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le Comit&#233; des droits de l'enfant des Nations Unies accuse la France de violations graves et syst&#233;matiques de ses obligations internationales envers les mineurs non accompagn&#233;s. Dans son rapport&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir le rapport du Comit&#233;, &#171; La France responsable de violations graves et (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, il fait &#233;tat de mineurs vivant dans des conditions d&#233;gradantes, priv&#233;s d'acc&#232;s aux soins, &#224; l'&#233;ducation et &#224; toute protection adapt&#233;e. Le Comit&#233; d&#233;nonce aussi le traitement r&#233;serv&#233; &#224; ceux plac&#233;s dans les zones d'attente des a&#233;roports&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens, la d&#233;claration de l'Anaf&#233;.&#034; id=&#034;nh8-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, assimilables &#224; de v&#233;ritables centres de d&#233;tention, et juge leur privation de libert&#233; disproportionn&#233;e et arbitraire.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le rapport met en cause un syst&#232;me contraire au principe fondamental de pr&#233;somption de minorit&#233;, fond&#233; sur la suspicion plut&#244;t que sur la protection. Sans documents d'identit&#233;, les jeunes exil&#233;s sont contraints &#224; des tests osseux controvers&#233;s ou &#224; des entretiens arbitraires men&#233;s par les d&#233;partements. Ces proc&#233;dures, souvent biais&#233;es&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Le rapport r&#233;v&#232;le qu'entre 50 et 80 % des jeunes d'abord rejet&#233;s sont (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-16&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, aboutissent &#224; ce que des enfants voient leur minorit&#233; ni&#233;e.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Derri&#232;re la pr&#233;tendue rigueur du contr&#244;le de la minorit&#233; se cache une politique d'exclusion qui pousse les mineurs &#224; vivre dans la rue, les exposant de fait &#224; un risque &#233;lev&#233; de violation de leurs droits.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/67552/la-cour-europeenne-des-droits-de-lhomme-juge-les-gardescotes-grecs-responsables-de-la-mort-de-16-exiles-lors-dun-naufrage-survenu-en-2018&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La Cour europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme juge les gardes-c&#244;tes grecs responsables de la mort de 16 exil&#233;s lors d'un naufrage survenu en 2018&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 16 octobre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Cour europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme (CEDH) a condamn&#233; la Gr&#232;ce pour sa responsabilit&#233; dans la mort de 16 exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s lors du naufrage survenu le 16 mars 2018 au large d'Agathonisi, en mer &#201;g&#233;e. Dans son arr&#234;t du 14 octobre 2025&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;CEDH, Affaire F.M. et autres c. GR&#200;CE, 14 octobre 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh8-17&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, la CEDH rel&#232;ve que les garde-c&#244;tes grecs, alert&#233;s d&#232;s les premi&#232;res heures du drame, n'ont pas pris les mesures n&#233;cessaires pour secourir les personnes en d&#233;tresse : il a fallu attendre plus de 24 heures avant le d&#233;clenchement d'une op&#233;ration de recherche. La Cour a jug&#233; que la Gr&#232;ce avait viol&#233; l'article 2 de la Convention (droit &#224; la vie) en n'assurant pas un secours rapide et efficace et en menant une enqu&#234;te p&#233;nale d&#233;faillante, class&#233;e sans suite en d&#233;pit d'&#233;l&#233;ments accablants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Paradoxalement, cette d&#233;cision r&#233;v&#232;le l'impunit&#233; des &#201;tats membres face aux violences commises &#224; l'encontre des personnes exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s. Les pratiques de non-assistance en mer, ainsi que les &lt;i&gt;pushbacks&lt;/i&gt; sont devenus des piliers de la gouvernance migratoire europ&#233;enne et traduisent une &#171; s&#233;curitisation &#187; du contr&#244;le maritime, o&#249; priment des logiques de dissuasion et de criminalisation des mobilit&#233;s plut&#244;t que la protection des vies des personnes exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Politico,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.politico.eu/article/kosovo-uk-migrant-returns-deal-albin-kurtin/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Kosovo in talks with UK on migrant returns deal&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 21 octobre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/oct/21/kosovo-offers-to-become-first-country-to-accept-britains-unsuccessful-asylum-seekers&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Kosovo offers to become first country to accept Britain's refused asylum seekers&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 22 octobre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Apr&#232;s l'&#233;chec du projet rwandais jug&#233; ill&#233;gal en 2023&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;UK's supreme court, AAA and others v. Secretary of State for the Home (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-18&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, Londres explore d&#233;sormais la piste des Balkans pour externaliser la gestion de ses fronti&#232;res. Les n&#233;gociations portent sur la cr&#233;ation au Kosovo d'un centre destin&#233; &#224; &#171; accueillir &#187; les demandeur&#183;se&#183;s d'asile d&#233;bout&#233;&#183;e&#183;s au Royaume-Uni. Le Premier ministre kosovar a confirm&#233; ces &#233;changes, invoquant un &#171; devoir d'amiti&#233; &#187; envers Londres et exprimant son souhait de &#171; contribuer &#224; la s&#233;curit&#233; europ&#233;enne &#187; en &#233;change d'un appui britannique. Le Royaume-Uni, de son c&#244;t&#233;, pr&#233;sente ce projet comme un partenariat strat&#233;gique et un outil de stabilisation r&#233;gionale. Keir Starmer a vant&#233; &#224; Belfast&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Sommet des Balkans, les 8 et 9 octobre 2025&#034; id=&#034;nh8-19&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; une coop&#233;ration &#171; mutuellement b&#233;n&#233;fique &#187;, promettant dix millions de livres pour la lutte contre les passeurs et le d&#233;ploiement de technologies de surveillance dans la r&#233;gion.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le projet d'accord repose en r&#233;alit&#233; sur un troc politique, le Royaume-Uni d&#233;l&#232;gue l'accueil de personnes exil&#233;es jug&#233;es ind&#233;sirables au Royaume-Uni contre un soutien militaire et diplomatique, pour donner l'illusion d'un contr&#244;le migratoire efficace.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette diplomatie du renvoi illustre le durcissement d'une Europe obs&#233;d&#233;e par la dissuasion. Apr&#232;s les accords avec la Tunisie, la Libye ou l'Albanie, le Royaume-Uni s'efforce d'imposer le mod&#232;le des &#171; return hubs &#187; dans les Balkans, zone de transit devenue zone tampon. Cette strat&#233;gie, qui pr&#233;tend r&#233;soudre les &#171; crises migratoires &#187; en les d&#233;pla&#231;ant ailleurs, ne fait que repousser les fronti&#232;res du droit et d&#233;stabiliser les pays du Sud.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sous couvert d'efficacit&#233;, elle banalise l'id&#233;e qu'une personne exil&#233;e puisse &#234;tre d&#233;tenue dans un pays o&#249; elle n'a jamais voulu aller, et/ou qu'elle n'a jamais foul&#233;, au nom d'une politique migratoire devenue outil de n&#233;gociation g&#233;opolitique.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Entry-Exit system&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.euractiv.com/news/europe-launches-new-digital-border-checks-for-non-eu-citizens/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Europe launches new digital border checks for non-EU citizens&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, 12 octobre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le nouveau syst&#232;me europ&#233;en d'entr&#233;e/de sortie (EES) a &#233;t&#233; lanc&#233; le 12 octobre, il s'agit d'un dispositif num&#233;rique automatis&#233; visant &#224; enregistrer les entr&#233;es et sorties de tous les ressortissants de pays tiers traversant les fronti&#232;res ext&#233;rieures de l'espace Schengen. Ce syst&#232;me, pr&#233;vu par un R&#232;glement de 2017&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;R&#232;glement (UE) 2017/226 du Parlement europ&#233;en et du Conseil du 30 novembre (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh8-20&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, repose sur la collecte et le traitement de donn&#233;es biom&#233;triques &#8211; empreintes digitales, reconnaissance faciale et iris &#8211; coupl&#233;es aux informations contenues dans les passeports.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les informations collect&#233;es sont conserv&#233;es pendant trois ans par eu-LISA, l'agence europ&#233;enne charg&#233;e des syst&#232;mes informatiques &#224; grande &#233;chelle, et peuvent &#234;tre interconnect&#233;es avec d'autres bases de donn&#233;es comme Eurodac ou ETIAS, cr&#233;ant ainsi une tra&#231;abilit&#233; qui s'apparente &#224; une mise sous surveillance.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb8-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens : Anaf&#233;, la Boite &#224; fichiers 2025, p. 90.&#034; id=&#034;nh8-21&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En r&#233;alit&#233;, cet outil de &#171; modernisation &#187; de la gestion des fronti&#232;res organise et banalise le fichage de masse. Il vise &#224; restreindre et &#224; contr&#244;ler davantage encore les mobilit&#233;s au sein de l'espace Schengen, et notamment les mouvements secondaires. Le syst&#232;me facilitera &#233;galement l'identification et l'expulsion des personnes exil&#233;es, notamment celles en proc&#233;dure Dublin. L'EES participe aussi de la criminalisation des personnes en migration, en faisant d'elles des suspect&#183;e&#183;s, du seul fait du franchissement de la fronti&#232;re. Sous pr&#233;texte de &#171; s&#233;curit&#233; &#187;, l'Union europ&#233;enne poursuit ainsi la fusion entam&#233;e par le Pacte entre politique migratoire et politique antiterroriste.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_5687 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/10_-_revue_de_presse_octobre_2025_-_fr.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 395.7 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/18-2-4704f.png?1763545876' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir le rapport d'Amnesty International &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/north-africa/egypt/report-egypt/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;sur la situation des droits humains en Egypte&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment SOS M&#233;diterran&#233;e, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://sosmediterranee.fr/focus/dix-organisations-humanitaires-en-libye-fermees-pour-activites-hostiles/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Suspension des activit&#233;s de dix organisations humanitaires en Libye jug&#233;es &#171; hostiles &#187;&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 24 avril 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir le dernier rapport de Sea-Watch, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://sea-watch.org/en/60-libyan-attacks-at-sea-as-eu-rolls-out-red-carpet-for-militias/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;60 Libyan attacks at sea as EU rolls out red carpet for militias, new data shows&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, du 14 octobre 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir le rapport, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/09/mauritania-un-expert-commends-government-addressing-migration-challenges-and&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Mauritania : UN expert commends Government for addressing migration challenges and urges end to collective expulsions&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, du 12 septembre 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2025/08/27/mauritanie-des-annees-dabus-lies-aux-controles-des-migrations&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;le rapport de l'ONG Human Rights Watch&lt;/a&gt;, du 27 ao&#251;t 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment, Le Monde &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2025/10/25/en-tunisie-la-suspension-de-l-emblematique-association-des-femmes-democrates-provoque-de-vives-reactions_6649602_3212.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;En Tunisie, la suspension de l'embl&#233;matique Association des femmes d&#233;mocrates provoque de vives r&#233;actions&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 25 octobre 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment le communiqu&#233; d'Amnesty International, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org/fr/latest/news/2023/07/eu-tunisia-agreement-on-migration-makes-eu-complicit-in-abuses-against-asylum-seekers-refugees-and-migrants/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;UE/Tunisie. L'accord sur les migrations rend l'UE complice des violations des droits inflig&#233;es &#224; des demandeurs&#183;euses d'asile, migrant&#183;e&#183;s et r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e&#183;s&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, du 17 juillet 2023.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir le &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3473.html&#034;&gt;communiqu&#233; du FTDES&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Cet &#233;t&#233; d&#233;j&#224;, 81 ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s afghan&#183;ne&#183;s ont &#233;t&#233; expuls&#233;s vers l'Afghanistan. Voir &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3449.html?lang_article=fr%23nb10&#034;&gt;la revue de presse de juillet 2025&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir le rapport de l'ONU, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/afghanistan/unama-human-rights-risks-and-returns-en.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;No safe haven : Human rights risks faced by persons involuntarily returned to Afghanistan&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, de juillet 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir les revues de presse de juillet 2025 et septembre 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Dont l'Anaf&#233;, La Cimade, la Fasti, le Gisti, le Syndicat des avocats de France (SAF) et Utopia 56. Voir &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?article7598&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;leur communiqu&#233;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir le rapport du Comit&#233;, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/fr/press-releases/2025/10/france-responsible-grave-and-systematic-violations-rights-unaccompanied&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La France responsable de violations graves et syst&#233;matiques des droits des enfants migrants non accompagn&#233;s, selon un comit&#233; des Nations Unies&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 16 octobre 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens, &lt;a href=&#034;https://anafe.org/lenfermement-des-enfants-aux-frontieres-est-une-detention-arbitraire/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;la d&#233;claration de l'Anaf&#233;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-16&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-16&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-16&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Le &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ohchr.org/fr/press-releases/2025/10/france-responsible-grave-and-systematic-violations-rights-unaccompanied&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;rapport&lt;/a&gt; r&#233;v&#232;le qu'entre 50 et 80 % des jeunes d'abord rejet&#233;s sont finalement reconnus mineurs apr&#232;s r&#233;examen.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-17&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-17&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-17&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;CEDH, &lt;a href=&#034;https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/%23%25257B%252522itemid%252522:%25255B%252522001-245252%252522%25255D%25257D&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Affaire F.M. et autres c. GR&#200;CE&lt;/a&gt;, 14 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-18&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-18&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-18&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;UK's supreme court, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/uksc-2023-0093%23judgment-details&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;AAA and others v. Secretary of State for the Home Departement&lt;/a&gt;, 15th of November 2023, UKSC 42&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-19&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-19&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-19&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Sommet des Balkans, les 8 et 9 octobre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-20&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-20&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-20&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;R&#232;glement (UE) 2017/226 du Parlement europ&#233;en et du Conseil du 30 novembre 2017 portant cr&#233;ation d'un syst&#232;me d'entr&#233;e/de sortie (EES).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb8-21&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh8-21&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 8-21&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens : Anaf&#233;, &lt;a href=&#034;https://anafe.org/boite-a-fichiers/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;la Boite &#224; fichiers 2025&lt;/a&gt;, p. 90.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Press review September 2025</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3468.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3468.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-10-09T13:51:56Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Libya</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>S&#233;n&#233;gal</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Lebanon</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>German</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Belgium</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Spain</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pays-Bas</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Uganda</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Libya Ouest-France, 'After the Ocean Viking, a German rescue ship also targeted by a Libyan patrol boat,' 27 September 2025 InfoMigrants, 'Sea&#8212;Libyan ' 'militia' open fire on rescue vessel,' 29 September 2025 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
On the night of 25 to 26 September, the civilian vessel Sea-Watch 5 came under fire from the so-called Libyan 'coast guard' after rescuing 66 people in the Mediterranean. Sea-Watch points out that the patrol boat used by the Libyan forces was supplied to them by the European (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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&lt;a href="https://migreurop.org/mot217.html" rel="tag"&gt;Uganda&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


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		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libya&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Libya&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Senegal&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;Senegal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Lebanon&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Lebanon&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Germany&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Germany&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Belgium&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Belgium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Spain&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Spain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italy&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Italy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Netherlands&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Netherlands&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;United Kingdom&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Frontex&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Libya&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ouest-France, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://lemarin.ouest-france.fr/monde/migrants/apres-l-ocean-viking-un-navire-de-sauvetage-allemand-lui-aussi-cible-par-un-patrouilleur-libyen-ab666b36-9ba5-11f0-ba76-fc23b95d5062&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;After the Ocean Viking, a German rescue ship also targeted by a Libyan patrol boat&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;,' 27 September 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/67222/seawatch-libyan-militia-open-fire-on-rescue-vessel&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Sea&#8212;Libyan ' 'militia' open fire on rescue vessel&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;,' 29 September 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On the night of 25 to 26 September, the civilian vessel Sea-Watch 5 came under fire from the so-called Libyan 'coast guard' after rescuing 66 people in the Mediterranean. Sea-Watch points out that the patrol boat used by the Libyan forces was supplied to them by the European Union,viaItaly, as part of the memorandum of understanding on migration concluded in 2017 between Italy and Libya, which has since been renewed. The organisation denounces European complicity in this violence, given that Libya has no jurisdiction in international waters.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This latest attack comes just one month after the Ocean Viking, a civilian search and rescue vessel operated by the NGO SOS M&#233;diterran&#233;e, was targeted by gunfire from a Libyan patrol boat. These repeated attacks mark an escalation in violence against civilian actors at sea. They are the direct consequence of European externalisation policies, which delegate control of migration flows to the Libyan authorities. By helping to train and equip&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard: LaLibre, 'Libyan coast guard trained and equipped by the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;the so-called Libyan 'coast guard', without everofficially denouncing their actions and abuses againstpeople on the move, the EU is complicit in serious violations of international law, including the disproportionate use of force against civilian actors. These practices criminalise sea rescue, hinder mobility and expose migrants to increased risks:pushbacks, violence and arbitrary detention. Through this policy, Europe is prioritising the closure of its borders over the protection of human lives and contributing to the impunity of militias operating in the central Mediterranean.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Senegal&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/66735/senegal--plus-de-1-900-migrants-interpelles-au-1er-trimestre-2025&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Senegal: more than 1,900 migrants arrested in the first quarter of 2025&lt;/a&gt;,' 3 September 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Senegalese authorities, through the Interministerial Committee for the Fight against Irregular Migration (CILMI), announced that they had intercepted 1,946 migrants between January and March 2025. Nearly half of them were foreign nationals using Senegal as a starting point for their migration journey. The operations led to the arrest of 74 suspected smugglers and the seizure of 32 pirogues. This repressive strategy, accompanied byanofficial rhetoric about preventing the riskson migration routes, is part of a broader context of increased maritime and border control.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Behind the rhetoric of 'protection', these measures are primarily aimed at preventing departures to Europe, at the cost of mass arrests and the criminalisation of mobility. They are a direct response to international pressure and partnerships, particularly with the European Union and its Member States, which finance the surveillance of Senegal's coastline and make their aid conditional on increased cooperation against so-called 'irregular' migration. This policy of closure increases the risk of rights violations and pushes peopleon the moveto take more dangerous routes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Lebanon&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;L'Orient-le-Jour, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1476922/plus-de-200-camions-transportant-des-syriens-traversent-tous-les-jours-de-masnaa-vers-la-syrie.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Repatriation: around 300 Syrians leave Lebanon for Homs, Hama and Idlib&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 11 September 2025.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 11 September 2025, nearly 300 Syrians were sent back from Lebanon to Homs, Hama and Idlib as part of a so-called 'voluntary' return operation organised by the UNHCR, the IOM and the Lebanese General Security. Under economic and social pressure, the Lebanese authorities are promoting these returns by offering financial assistance and temporarily waiving fines for irregular administrative stays. This measure is part of a broader programme: since the beginning of the year, nearly 238,000 Syrians have reportedly already beensent backto Syria.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Behind the humanitarian rhetoric and the label of 'voluntary', these returns are taking place in a context marked by repeated violations of rights and growing pressureon Syrians in Lebanon: stigmatisation, anti-Syrian violence, lack of access to fundamental rights and healthcare&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard: L'Orient-le-Jour,&#8220;UNHCR to stop funding hospitalisation (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Under these conditions, many have no choice but to leave, even for a country that remains deeply unstable anddangerous. Despite the overthrow of Bashar al-Assad's regime in December 2024, Syria continues to be marked by massive human rights violations, a ruined economy and ongoing war zones&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See as anexample,Le Monde, 'Negotiations for a ceasefire in southern Syria (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. By organising and facilitating these returns, the Lebanese authorities and international agencies are undermining the right to asylum and exposing thousands of people to serious risks of persecution, violence and forced displacement.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Germany&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Frankfurter Rundschau, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.fr.de/politik/ausstiegsplan-asylzahlen-sinken-dobrindt-verlaengert-kontrollen-grenz-politik-ohne-zr-93913320.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Dobrindt extends controls despite falling asylum numbers: border policy without an exit plan?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 3 September 2025&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;German Interior Minister Alexander Dobrindt announced that Germany would renew internal border controls within the Schengen area for the period from 16 September 2025 to 15 March 2026. He stated that Germany would continue to maintain such controls, arguing that &#034;irregular immigration poses a serious threat to public order and security&#034;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the European Commission website.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; until the European Union's external border protection system is fully operational.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This reinstatement was predictable, as it is part of the restrictive shift initiated by Chancellor Merz since he took office in May 2025.Thisis an almost constant and unapologetic practice of certain European Union Member States, including Austria, Poland and France&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the open letter from Gisti and Anaf&#233; to the European Commissionof (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. In principle, the Schengen Borders Code (SBC) limits the reintroduction of internal border controls to a maximum of six months, unless the Member State can justify a serious threat to public order or internal security. In such cases, since the reform of the SBC in May 2024, controls may be reintroduced for a period not exceeding three consecutive years. In practice, the reintroduction of internal border controls is justified by misuse of the SBC. Behind the security rationale for these controls, which are often carried out on the basis of physical appearance, the authorities' objective is to hinder mobility and massivelypush-back migrants, in particular to prevent them from applying for asylum in Germany.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Belgium&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;RTBF, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rtbf.be/article/les-premiers-agents-de-frontex-ont-pris-leurs-fonctions-a-l-aeroport-de-bruxelles-11598247&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;The first Frontex agents took up their duties at Brussels Airport&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 8 September 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Eight Frontex officers took up their duties at Brussels-Zaventem airport in early September 2025, a first in Belgium. This deployment is based on the so-called 'Frontex' law, adopted on 16 May 2024, and on a royal decree of April 2025, which paves the way for a permanent presence of the European agency on Belgian territory, particularly at train stations and airports, to carry out checks, arrests anddeportations. Up to 100 officers will eventually be deployed to participate in deportation procedures. Presented as a simple 'technical' reinforcement under the authority of the Belgian police, this installation is explicitly aimed at increasing the number of deportations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This deployment raises issues in terms of access to rights, because it provides no effective guarantee against violence and inhuman or degrading treatment that could result from the presence of the European agency, which is legally untouchable&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Migreurop press release dated 26 October 2024, Frontex celebrates 20 years (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. In a context where Frontex is already being accused of complicity or complacency inpushbacksin the Aegean Sea or at the Balkan borders&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Migreurop note no. 3, Frontex: A European agency out of control.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, this establishment in Belgium marks a new stage in the normalisation of repressive practices against peopleon the move, with the active complicity of European and national institutions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Spain&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;El Pa&#237;s&lt;/i&gt;, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://elpais.com/espana/2025-09-17/19-detenidos-por-la-muerte-de-50-personas-que-viajaban-en-un-cayuco-hasta-canarias.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;19 detenidos por la muerte de 50 personas que viajaron en un cayuco hasta Canarias&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, &lt;i&gt;17 september 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 24 August, a pirogue that had left Senegal with around 300 people on board was rescued off the coast of Gran Canaria after an 11-day crossing. Survivors on board reported extreme violence: dozens of passengers were allegedly beaten and tortured, and more than 50 people were thrown overboard. Spanish police arrested 19 people, who were convicted of homicide and aiding illegal entry and residence.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Behind the emphasis on arrests, this tragedy reveals above all the structural violence of European migration policies. The policy of closing borders hinders the mobility of migrants, who, unable to obtain visas to travel safely, are forced to take the Atlantic route, considered one of the most dangerous in the world&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in this regard the report by Caminando Fronteras, 'Monitoring the right (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. In addition, the increase in EU-funded interceptions on the Atlantic coast is leading to longer routes, while boats are already overloaded and often drift for days, leaving those on board without water or food. By criminalising only those it identifies as 'smugglers', the Spanish justice system is turning a blind eye and contributing to the stigmatisation ofmigrants, who are often blamed for sailing out of necessity or under threat, when they themselves are victims of the system that forces them to risk their lives at sea.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;France&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Streetpress, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.streetpress.com/sujet/1758532916-france-travail-frontex-chasse-migrants-recruter-unioneuropenne&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;At France Travail, Frontex promises to 'hunt' migrants in order to recruit&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;them', 22 September 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In early September, during a videoconference organised by France Travail, a former French Frontex liaison officer presented the job of border guard as an opportunity for 'young men' attracted by 'the hunt'. The agency is looking to recruit 500 new agents by January 2026, lowering the required level of education from a bachelor's degree to a high school diploma and offering an attractive salary. Officially, Frontex emphasises document verification and the administrative management of migratory movements, butthe comments made reveal a militarised and violent vision of the job, focused on apprehending and tracking migrants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Thiscommunication illustrates the gap between the polished image that Frontex wants to project and the reality of its practices, namely that of an agency with a colossal budget, which ismass staffingto reinforce a European policy of externalisation and refoulement that violates the fundamental rights of migrants. The use of the word 'hunt' speaks volumes about Frontex: it reflects a dehumanising view ofmigrantsas targets to be tracked down and contributes to their stigmatisation as 'criminals'. This new revelation comes at a time when the European agency is already mired in accusations of complicity in crimes against humanity&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Mediapart, 'Fabrice Leggeri, former head of Frontex, accused of (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;for covering up or participating in violent pushbacks in the Aegean Sea or at the borders of the Balkan route. Under the guise of strengthening border security, the European agency is consolidating a repressive apparatus that normalises violence, undermines the right to asylum and fuels the criminalisation of migration:'&lt;i&gt;while France Travail condemned the comments made during this videoconference, the agency itself has not disavowed anything&lt;/i&gt;'&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See in particular the statement of the Gisti, &#034;France Travail offers Frontex (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a id=&#034;_Toc210227323&#034;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Greece&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/66755/la-grece-vote-une-loi-pour-accelerer-les-retours-forces-des-demandeurs-dasile-deboutes&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Greece passes law to speed up 'forced returns' of rejected asylum seekers&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;,' 3 September 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/09/02/le-gouvernement-grec-opte-pour-une-politique-de-criminalisation-des-migrants_6638411_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Greek government opts for policy of criminalising migrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;,' 2 September 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Greece further tightens its migration policy. The law passed on 3 September 2025 introduces prison sentences and fines for rejected asylum seekers who remain in the country and abolishes the regularisation mechanism for people without valid documents proving seven years of residence in the country. Applicants whose applications are rejected now have a 'voluntary departure' period of 14 days, compared to 25 previously, to leave the country, failing which they face up to cinqfive years' imprisonment and a fine of &#8364;10,000 for 'illegal entry'into the country. The law also provides that deportees may be required to wear an electronic tag until they leave the country,and the period of administrative detention has been increased from 18 to 24 months, in anticipation of the Return Regulation, which is still under discussion, but above all in violation of the current Return Directive.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By equating irregular residence with a criminal offence, Greece is choosing to criminalisemigrationand is once again contributing to the stigmatisation of migrants, in violation of the case law of the Court of Justice, which has ruled that irregular residence is not a sufficient ground for criminal sanctions. The acceleration of forced returns deprivespeople on the moveof their right to an effective remedy and increases the riskof them being deported to countries where their lives and rights are threatened, in violation of the European Convention on Human Rights. The implementation of this law remains largely dependent on obtaining consular passes, which risks generalising the detention of migrants in disregard of their fundamental rights. The removal of regularisation channels condemns thousands of people who have been living in Greece for several years to permanent precariousness and legal insecurity, in disregard of their most fundamental rights.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The deterrent logic of this law will not prevent crossings of the Mediterranean, but it will pushpeople on the movetowards longer and more perilous routes,thereby increasing the number of shipwrecks and, more generally, the risks they face.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Italy&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Midi Libre,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.midilibre.fr/2025/09/15/un-acharnement-de-litalie-pour-nous-faire-disparaitre-lavion-de-pilotes-volontaires-qui-aide-les-migrants-en-mediterranee-saisi-12930558.php&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;'Italy's relentless efforts to make us disappear': Pilotes Volontaires aircraft helping migrants in the Mediterranean&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;seized', 15 September 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Giornale di Sicilia, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://gds.it/articoli/cronaca/2025/09/12/ha-sorvolato-il-mediterraneo-in-cerca-di-migranti-multa-di-centomila-euro-al-velivolo-colibri-2-partner-delle-ong-035dd1ed-e2b4-43aa-ad78-8e77381fd7fe/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;' Ha sorvolato il Mediterraneo in cerca di migranti: multa di centomila euro al velivolo Colibri 2, partner delle&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ong&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 12 September 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 5 September 2025, Italy grounded the observation aircraft 'Colibri 2' belonging to the NGO Pilotes Volontaires for 20 days and fined the organisation &#8364;100,000. The aircraft is used to locate boats carrying refugees in distress in the central Mediterranean, particularly between Italy, Tunisia and Libya. According to the association, the seizure was made possible by the Flussi decree-law, which requires humanitarian air crews to report any boats they spot to the coordination centres and authorities in theadjacent areas, including the Libyan and Tunisian coastguards.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;By criminalising civilian search and rescue actors at sea and imposing grossly disproportionate financial penalties on them, Italy is demonstrating its desire to hinder their actions and even, in the long term, to eliminate them, at the risk of causing more shipwrecks, as state naval patrols inthe Mediterranean Seawere withdrawn in 2019 in favour of aerial surveillance. This immobilisation is part of a worrying repressive trend by the Italian authorities&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the July 2025 press review.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, despite a ruling by the Italian Constitutional Court&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;that any decision based on punitive and discriminatory standards, circumventing international maritime law, should be considered illegal and illegitimate.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Netherlands&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Courrier International, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/migrations-les-pays-bas-veulent-expulser-les-deboutes-du-droit-d-asile-en-ouganda_235703&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Netherlands wants to deport asylum seekers whose applications have been rejected to Uganda&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 30 September 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 25 September 2025, the Netherlands and Uganda signed a letter of intent on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly, aimed at creating a 'return centre' for rejected asylum seekers. This pilot project plans to sendto Ugandapeople who cannot be returned directly to their country of origin, particularly if it is neighbouring Uganda. Presented as an 'innovative solution' by the Dutch government, this plan is in line with externalisation policies already tried elsewhere in Europe. It is reminiscent of the British deal to deport asylum seekers to Rwanda, which was ruled illegal in 2023 by the UK Supreme Court&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;UK Supreme Court, AAA and others v. Secretary of State for the (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh9-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Announced in a political climate marked by the rise of the far right and anti-migrant protests in the Netherlands, the project has been met with fierce criticism, particularly in view of Uganda's controversial human rights record&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See Amnesty International's Annual Report on Human Rights in Uganda in 2024.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This project reflects the Dutch ambition to expelmigrantsnot only from its borders, but from the European continent. By sending asylum seekers whose applications have been rejected to a third country such as Uganda, European states are delegating the management of the reception (and potentially thedeportation) of migrants to countries in the Global South,at the risk of causing serious rights violations and destabilising Southern countries, which already host large numbers ofmigrants.Behind the official rhetoric emphasising 'human rights-compliant centres', this type of arrangementexposesthose concerned to an increased risk of persecution, violence and violations of their fundamental rights. Furthermore, these informal agreements create a zone of opacity and lawlessness: far from the gaze of European public opinion and supervisory institutions,migrantsare more vulnerable to abuse and inhuman or degrading treatment. This Dutch initiative, which comes after the failure of the British model in Rwanda, also continues a worrying trend: far from learning from the violations that have been observed, some European states persist in institutionalising externalisation, transforming third countries into detention zones and further undermining the reception ofpeople on the move.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Independent, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/france-deportation-migrant-small-boats-deal-b2829022.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;First Migrant deported to France under Starmer's one-in-one-out&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;deal&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 18 September 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;InfoMigrants,&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/67174/accord-francobritannique-un-pour-un--que-se-passetil-pour-les-migrants-renvoyes-en-france&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;Franco-British &#8216;one-for-one' agreement: what happens to migrants sent back to France?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, 26 September 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since mid-September, the first deportation flights to France have begun under the new reciprocal 'one in, one out' agreement concluded onJuly the10thof2025. As a reminder, Paris has committed to 'take back' anyone who has crossed the Channel and has not applied for asylum or whose asylum application has been deemed inadmissible in the United Kingdom, in exchange for the admission of anmigrantto British territory through so-called regular channels.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These deportations deprive asylum seekers of their right to an individual assessment, as the mere fact that they have crossed the Channel is sufficient for their asylum application to be deemed inadmissible in the United Kingdom. Applicants who are arbitrarily admitted to the United Kingdom are initially granted a three-month temporary residence permit without work authorisation, but they have no guaranteethatthey will subsequently be grantedtheright to remain, or even thatthey will be deportedif they do not obtain the right to remain. In France, readmitted persons have little prospect of success: they may apply for asylum provided theyhave notalready done so in anothercountry, at the risk of being placed in the Dublin procedure. Otherwise, they will be placed in a detention centre pending theirdeportationfrom the country.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8220;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/sep/01/uk-to-make-it-harder-for-refugees-to-bring-family-members-to-country&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;UK to make it harder for refugees to bring family members to country&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, 1 September 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The British government has suspended the right to family reunification for refugees and beneficiaries of 'humanitarian protection'. This procedure allows beneficiaries of international protection to apply for a residence permit for their spouse and children without having to meet the income and English language requirements that are required under the family visa procedure. The government has stated that this measure is temporary, pending the development of a reform aimed at tightening the conditions of thefamily reunification procedure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With the suspension of family reunification, families who cannot obtain visas to travel safely are forced to take routes, particularly by sea, where their lives are put at risk. This suspension thereforeleads to the forced separation of families, in violation of the right to family life as protectedbyArticle 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. This measure is part of a broader trend towards tougher migration policies in the United Kingdom and beyond in Europe, with Germany having already suspended the reunification procedure for beneficiaries of subsidiary protection&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb9-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;See the May 2025 press review.&#034; id=&#034;nh9-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Frontex&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv, '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/migrations-les-etats-membres-discutent-dun-renforcement-de-frontex-et-des-renvois-vers-des-pays-tiers/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Member States discuss strengthening Frontex and returns to third countries&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;', 29 September 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;According to an internal note from the Council of the European Union, Member States will soon discuss expanding Frontex's mandate. The aim would be to enable the European agency not only to strengthen its cooperation with third countries, but also to organisedeportationbetweenthirdcountries,an option already rejected twice (in 2016 and 2019) by the European Parliament, the co-legislator. Some governments are even proposing to give Frontex a role in thedeportationplatforms set up in third countries, as provided for in the return regulation proposed by the European Commission in March 2025. The Commission has also proposed tripling Frontex's staff by 2027.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This note illustrates the European Union's desire to further strengthen the European agency Frontex, despite common sense, to push ever further the outsourcing of migration control and to place the burden on southern countries, at the expense of the fundamental rights ofpeople on the move. Furthermore, the establishment of extra-EUdeportationplatforms, combined with the announced tripling of Frontex's staff, enshrines a logic of militarisation and relocation of European borders. This approach is in line with the European Pact on Migration and Asylum, adopted in 2024, and the agency's already controversial practices. By giving even more powers to Frontex, the EU is legitimising a structure already marked by abuses and reinforcing a policy that prioritises control anddeportationover reception.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_5658 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/press_review_september_2025.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 402.5 KiB' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/11-3-888f8.png?1760018096' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard: LaLibre, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lalibre.be/international/europe/2025/08/26/des-garde-cotes-libyens-formes-et-equipes-par-lunion-europeenne-tirent-sur-le-navire-dune-ong-qui-secourt-des-migrants-DZILOZJNK5DJRJI34FDGSSXF4A/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Libyan coast guard trained and equipped by the European Union fires on NGO ship rescuing migrants&lt;/a&gt;,' 26 August 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard: L'Orient-le-Jour,&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1462151/le-hcr-cessera-de-financer-les-hospitalisations-des-refugies-au-liban-dici-la-fin-de-2025.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#8220;UNHCR to stop funding hospitalisation for refugees in Lebanon by the end of&lt;/a&gt;2025&#8221;, 28 May 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See as anexample,Le Monde, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/07/14/syrie-l-armee-israelienne-frappe-plusieurs-chars-apres-les-combats-entre-bedouins-et-druzes_6621175_3210.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=8&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Negotiations for a ceasefire in southern Syria after deadly fighting&lt;/a&gt;,'July14th2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See &lt;a href=&#034;https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-area/temporary-reintroduction-border-control_en?etrans=fr&amp;prefLang=fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;the European Commission website.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?article7365&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;the open letter from Gisti and Anaf&#233; to the European Commission&lt;/a&gt;of October17th2024.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Migreurop press release dated 26 October 2024, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3290.html&#034;&gt;Frontex celebrates 20 years of rights violations with complete impunity.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Migreurop note no. 3, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_3.3_frontex_hors_de_controle_-_2021_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;Frontex: A European agency out of control.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in this regard the report by Caminando Fronteras, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://caminandofronteras.org/fr/monitoreo/suivi-du-droit-a-la-vie-annee-2024/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Monitoring the right to life &#8211; year 2024&lt;/a&gt;'.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See Mediapart, '&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/240424/fabrice-leggeri-ancien-patron-de-frontex-accuse-de-complicite-de-crime-contre-l-humanite&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Fabrice Leggeri, former head of Frontex, accused of complicity in crimes against humanity&lt;/a&gt;,' 24 April 2024.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See in particular the statement of the Gisti, &#034;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?article7591&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;France Travail offers Frontex a platform for hunting migrants&lt;/a&gt;&#034;, 26 September 2025.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3449.html?lang_article=fr#outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;the July 2025 press review&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;UK Supreme Court, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/uksc-2023-0093#judgment-details&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;AAA and others v. Secretary of State for the HomeDepartment&lt;/a&gt;, 15 November 2023, UKSC 42&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.fr/pays/ouganda&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Amnesty International's Annual Report on Human Rights in Uganda in 2024.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb9-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh9-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 9-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;See &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3426.html?lang_article=fr#outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;the May 2025 press review.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Revue de presse septembre 2025</title>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/article3467.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://migreurop.org/article3467.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-10-09T13:50:24Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Libye</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>S&#233;n&#233;gal</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Liban</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Allemagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Belgique</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Espagne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>France</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Gr&#232;ce</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Italie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Royaume-Uni</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Frontex</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pays-Bas</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Ouganda</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Libye Ouest-France, &#171; Apr&#232;s l'&#171; Ocean Viking &#187;, un navire de sauvetage allemand lui aussi cibl&#233; par un patrouilleur libyen &#187;, le 27 septembre 2025 InfoMigrants, &#8220;Sea-Watch :Libyan 'militia' open fire on rescue vessel&#8221;, le 29 septembre 2025 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Dans la nuit du 25 au 26 septembre, le navire civil Sea-Watch 5 a essuy&#233; des tirs de la part des dits &#171; garde-c&#244;tes &#187; libyens, alors qu'il venait de secourir 66 personnes en M&#233;diterran&#233;e. Sea-Watch rappelle que le patrouilleur utilis&#233; par les forces (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


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 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH150/16-0a342.png?1760017899' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire cs_sommaire_avec_fond&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_titre_avec_fond&#034;&gt; Sommaire &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;cs_sommaire_corps&#034;&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Libye&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_0'&gt;Libye&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;S&#233;n&#233;gal&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_1'&gt;S&#233;n&#233;gal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Liban&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_2'&gt;Liban&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Allemagne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_3'&gt;Allemagne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Belgique&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_4'&gt;Belgique&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Espagne&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_5'&gt;Espagne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;France&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_6'&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Gr&#232;ce&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_7'&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Italie&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_8'&gt;Italie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Pays-Bas&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_9'&gt;Pays-Bas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Royaume-Uni&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_10'&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Frontex&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire_11'&gt;Frontex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_0&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Libye&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ouest-France,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://lemarin.ouest-france.fr/monde/migrants/apres-l-ocean-viking-un-navire-de-sauvetage-allemand-lui-aussi-cible-par-un-patrouilleur-libyen-ab666b36-9ba5-11f0-ba76-fc23b95d5062&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Apr&#232;s l&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;'&#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; Ocean Viking &#187;, un navire de sauvetage allemand lui aussi cibl&#233; par un patrouilleur libyen&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 27 septembre 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/67222/seawatch-libyan-militia-open-fire-on-rescue-vessel&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Sea&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;-&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Watch :&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Libyan&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;militia&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;' open &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;fire&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; on &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;rescue&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;vessel&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, le 29 septembre 2025&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans la nuit du 25 au 26 septembre, le navire civil Sea-Watch 5 a essuy&#233; des tirs de la part des dits &#171; garde-c&#244;tes &#187; libyens, alors qu'il venait de secourir 66 personnes en M&#233;diterran&#233;e. Sea-Watch rappelle que le patrouilleur utilis&#233; par les forces Libyennes leur a &#233;t&#233; fourni par l'Union europ&#233;enne, en particulier via l'Italie, dans le cadre du protocole d'accord sur la migration conclu en 2017entre l'Italie et la Libye, renouvel&#233; depuis. L'organisation d&#233;nonce une complicit&#233; europ&#233;enne dans ces violences, alors que la Libye n'a aucune juridiction en eaux internationales.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette nouvelle attaque survient un mois &#224; peine apr&#232;s que l'Ocean Viking, navire civil de recherche et de sauvetage en mer de l'ONG SOS M&#233;diterran&#233;e, a &#233;t&#233; vis&#233; par les tirs d'un patrouiller libyen. Ces attaques r&#233;p&#233;t&#233;es marquent une escalade dans la violence exerc&#233;e contre les acteur&#183;ice&#183;s civil&#183;e&#183;s en mer. Elles sont les cons&#233;quences directes des politiques europ&#233;ennes d'externalisation, qui d&#233;l&#232;guent aux autorit&#233;s libyennes le contr&#244;le des mouvements migratoires. En contribuant &#224; former et &#233;quiper&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens ; LaLibre, &#171; Des garde-c&#244;tes libyens form&#233;s et &#233;quip&#233;s par (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh10-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; lesdits &#171; garde-c&#244;tes &#187; libyens, sans jamais officiellement d&#233;noncer leurs actions et exactions &#224; l'encontre des personnes exil&#233;es, l'Union se rend complice de violations graves du droit international, y compris de l'usage disproportionn&#233; de la force contre des acteur&#183;ice&#183;s civil&#183;e&#183;s. Ces pratiques cr&#233;ent une situation de criminalisation du sauvetage en mer, entravent les mobilit&#233;s et exposent les personnes en migration &#224; des risques accrus : refoulements, violences, d&#233;tentions arbitraires. &#192; travers cette politique, l'Europe privil&#233;gie la fermeture de ses fronti&#232;res au d&#233;triment de la protection des vies humaines, et contribue &#224; l'impunit&#233; des milices op&#233;rant en M&#233;diterran&#233;e centrale.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_1&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;S&#233;n&#233;gal&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants,&lt;/i&gt; &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/66735/senegal--plus-de-1-900-migrants-interpelles-au-1er-trimestre-2025&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;S&#233;n&#233;gal : plus de 1 900 migrants interpell&#233;s au 1er trimestre 2025&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, &lt;i&gt;le 3 septembre 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Les autorit&#233;s s&#233;n&#233;galaises, par l'interm&#233;diaire du Comit&#233; interminist&#233;riel de lutte contre la migration irr&#233;guli&#232;re (CILMI), annoncent avoir intercept&#233; 1 946 personnes en migration entre janvier et mars 2025. Parmi elles, pr&#232;s de la moiti&#233; sont des ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s &#233;tranger&#183;&#232;re&#183;s utilisant le S&#233;n&#233;gal comme point de d&#233;part de leur parcours migratoire. Les op&#233;rations ont conduit &#224; l'arrestation de 74 convoyeurs pr&#233;sum&#233;s et &#224; la saisie de 32 pirogues. Cette strat&#233;gie r&#233;pressive, qui s'accompagne d'un discours officiel sur la pr&#233;vention des risques encourus sur les routes de l'exil, s'inscrit dans un contexte de renforcement du contr&#244;le maritime et des fronti&#232;res.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Derri&#232;re la rh&#233;torique de la &#171; protection &#187; et de la &#171; pr&#233;vention &#187;, ces mesures visent avant tout &#224; emp&#234;cher les d&#233;parts vers l'Europe, au prix d'arrestations massives et de la criminalisation des mobilit&#233;s. Elles r&#233;pondent directement aux pressions et aux partenariats internationaux, notamment avec l'Union europ&#233;enne et ses &#201;tats membres, qui financent la surveillance des c&#244;tes s&#233;n&#233;galaises et conditionnent leurs aides &#224; une coop&#233;ration renforc&#233;e contre la migration dite &#8220;irr&#233;guli&#232;re&#8221;. Cette politique de verrouillage accro&#238;t les risques de violations des droits et pousse les personnes en exil &#224; emprunter des routes plus dangereuses.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Liban&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;L'Orient-le-Jour, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1476922/plus-de-200-camions-transportant-des-syriens-traversent-tous-les-jours-de-masnaa-vers-la-syrie.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Rapatriement : environ 300 Syriens repartent du Liban vers Homs, Hama et Idleb&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 11 septembre 2025.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 11 septembre 2025, pr&#232;s de 300 Syrien&#183;ne&#183;s ont &#233;t&#233; renvoy&#233;&#183;e&#183;s du Liban vers Homs, Hama et Idleb, dans le cadre d'une op&#233;ration de retours dits &#171; volontaires &#187; mise en place par le concours du HCR, de l'OIM et de la S&#251;ret&#233; g&#233;n&#233;rale libanaise. Les autorit&#233;s libanaises, sous pression &#233;conomique et sociale, promeuvent ces renvois en offrant une aide financi&#232;re et en levant temporairement les amendes pour s&#233;jour administratif irr&#233;gulier. Ce dispositif s'inscrit dans un programme plus large, depuis le d&#233;but de l'ann&#233;e pr&#232;s de 238 000 Syrien&#183;ne&#183;s auraient d&#233;j&#224; &#233;t&#233; renvoy&#233;&#183;e&#183;s en Syrie.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Derri&#232;re la rh&#233;torique humanitaire et l'&#233;tiquette &#171; volontaire &#187;, ces renvois se d&#233;roulent dans un contexte marqu&#233; par des violations r&#233;p&#233;t&#233;es de droits, des pressions croissantes sur les Syrien&#183;ne&#183;s au Liban : stigmatisation, violences antisyriennes, absence d'acc&#232;s aux droits fondamentaux et aux soins de sant&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens ; L'Orient-le-Jour, &#171; Le HCR cessera de financer les (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh10-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Dans ces conditions, beaucoup n'ont d'autre option que de repartir, m&#234;me vers un pays qui reste profond&#233;ment instable et dangereux. Malgr&#233; le renversement du r&#233;gime de Bachar al-Assaden d&#233;cembre 2024, la Syrie continue d'&#234;tre marqu&#233;e par des violations massives des droits de l'Homme, une &#233;conomie en ruines et des zones de guerre toujours actives&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment, Le Monde, &#171; N&#233;gociations pour un cessez-le-feu dans le sud (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh10-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En organisant et en facilitant ces renvois, les autorit&#233;s libanaises et les agences internationales fragilisent le droit d'asile et exposent des milliers de personnes &#224; des risques graves de pers&#233;cution, de violences et de d&#233;placements forc&#233;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_3&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Allemagne&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Frankfurter&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Rundschau&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.fr.de/politik/ausstiegsplan-asylzahlen-sinken-dobrindt-verlaengert-kontrollen-grenz-politik-ohne-zr-93913320.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Dobrindt&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;verl&#228;ngert&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Kontrollen&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;trotz&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;sinkender&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Asylzahlen&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; :&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Grenz-Politik&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ohne&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ausstiegsplan&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; ?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 3 septembre 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le ministre de l'Int&#233;rieur allemand, Alexander Dobrindt, a annonc&#233; que l'Allemagne allait renouveler,pour la p&#233;riode allant du 16 septembre 2025 au 15 mars 2026, les contr&#244;les aux fronti&#232;res int&#233;rieures de l'espace Schengen. Il a d&#233;clar&#233; que l'Allemagne continuera de maintenir de tels contr&#244;les,en faisant valoir que &#171; l'immigration irr&#233;guli&#232;re constitue une grave menace pour l'ordre public et la s&#233;curit&#233; &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir sur le site de la Commission europ&#233;enne.&#034; id=&#034;nh10-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;et ce, tant que le syst&#232;me de protection des fronti&#232;res ext&#233;rieures de l'Union europ&#233;enne ne sera pas pleinement op&#233;rationnel.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce r&#233;tablissement &#233;tait pr&#233;visible, il s'inscrit dans le tournant restrictif engag&#233; par le chancelier Merz depuis sa prise de fonction en mai 2025. Il s'agit en v&#233;rit&#233; d'une pratique quasi constante et d&#233;complex&#233;e de certains &#201;tats membres de l'Union europ&#233;enne, dont l'Autriche, la Pologne ou la France&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens la lettre ouverte du Gisti et de l'Anaf&#233; &#224; la Commission (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh10-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En principe, le code fronti&#232;re Schengen (CFS) conditionne le r&#233;tablissement des contr&#244;les aux fronti&#232;res int&#233;rieures &#224; une dur&#233;e maximale de 6 mois, sauf &#224; ce que l'&#201;tat membre justifie d'une menace grave pour l'ordre public ou la s&#233;curit&#233; int&#233;rieure. Auquel cas,depuis la r&#233;forme du CFS en mai 2024, les contr&#244;les peuvent &#234;tre r&#233;introduits pour une dur&#233;e n'exc&#233;dant pas trois ann&#233;es cons&#233;cutives. En pratique, les r&#233;introductions de contr&#244;les aux fronti&#232;res int&#233;rieures,sont justifi&#233;es par une utilisation d&#233;voy&#233;e du CFS. Derri&#232;re la logique s&#233;curitaire de ces contr&#244;les, souvent r&#233;alis&#233;s &#171; au faci&#232;s &#187;, l'objectif des autorit&#233;s est d'entraver la mobilit&#233; et de refouler massivement les personnes en migration pour les emp&#234;cher notamment de d&#233;poser une demande d'asile en Allemagne.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_4&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Belgique&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;RTBF, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.rtbf.be/article/les-premiers-agents-de-frontex-ont-pris-leurs-fonctions-a-l-aeroport-de-bruxelles-11598247&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Les premiers agents de Frontex ont pris leurs fonctions &#224; l'a&#233;roport de Bruxelles&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 8 septembre 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Huit agents de Frontex ont pris leurs fonctions d&#233;but septembre 2025 &#224; l'a&#233;roport de Bruxelles-Zaventem, une premi&#232;re en Belgique. Ce d&#233;ploiement s'appuie sur la loi dite &#171; Frontex &#187;, adopt&#233;e le 16 mai 2024, et sur un arr&#234;t&#233; royal d'avril 2025 qui ouvre la voie &#224; une pr&#233;sence permanente de l'agence europ&#233;enne sur le territoire belge, notamment en gare et &#224; l'a&#233;roport, pour proc&#233;der &#224; des contr&#244;les, arrestations et expulsions. Jusqu'&#224; 100 agents pourront &#224; terme &#234;tre d&#233;ploy&#233;s et participer aux proc&#233;dures d'expulsion. Pr&#233;sent&#233;e comme un simple renfort &#171; technique &#187; plac&#233; sous l'autorit&#233; des policiers belges, cette installation vise explicitement &#224; augmenter le nombre d'expulsions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce d&#233;ploiement pose probl&#232;me en mati&#232;re d'acc&#232;s aux droits, parce qu'il n'apporte aucune garantie effective contre les violences et traitements inhumains ou d&#233;gradants qui pourrait r&#233;sulter de la pr&#233;sence de l'agence europ&#233;enne, laquelle est juridiquement intouchable&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Communiqu&#233; Migreurop du 26 octobre 2024, Frontex c&#233;l&#232;bre 20 ans de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh10-6&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Dans un contexte o&#249; Frontex est d&#233;j&#224; mise en cause pour complicit&#233; ou complaisance dans des refoulements en mer &#201;g&#233;e ou aux fronti&#232;res balkaniques&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir la note n&#176;3 de Migreurop, Frontex : Une agence europ&#233;enne hors de contr&#244;le.&#034; id=&#034;nh10-7&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, cette implantation en Belgique marque une nouvelle &#233;tape de la banalisation des pratiques r&#233;pressives contre les personnes en exil, avec la complicit&#233; active des institutions europ&#233;ennes et nationales.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_5&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Espagne&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;El Pa&#237;s,&lt;/i&gt; &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://elpais.com/espana/2025-09-17/19-detenidos-por-la-muerte-de-50-personas-que-viajaban-en-un-cayuco-hasta-canarias.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;19 detenidos por la muerte de 50 personas que viajaron en un cayuco hasta Canarias&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&#8221;, &lt;i&gt;le 17 septembre 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 24 ao&#251;t dernier, une pirogue partie du S&#233;n&#233;gal avec &#224; son bord environ 300 personnes a &#233;t&#233; secourue au large de Gran Canaria apr&#232;s 11 jours de travers&#233;e. &#192; bord, les survivant&#183;e&#183;s ont rapport&#233; des violences extr&#234;mes : des dizaines de passager&#183;e&#183;s auraient &#233;t&#233; frapp&#233;&#183;e&#183;s, tortur&#233;&#183;e&#183;s et plus de 50 personnes auraient &#233;t&#233; jet&#233;es par-dessus bord. La police espagnole a interpel&#233; 19 personnes, lesquelles ont &#233;t&#233; condamn&#233;es pour homicides et aide &#224; l'entr&#233;e au s&#233;jour irr&#233;gulier.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Derri&#232;re la mise en avant des arrestations, ce drame r&#233;v&#232;le surtout la violence structurelle des politiques migratoires europ&#233;ennes. La politique de fermeture des fronti&#232;res entrave la mobilit&#233; des personnes en migration, lesquelles faute de pouvoir obtenir un visa afin de voyager en toute s&#233;curit&#233;,sont contraintes d'emprunter la route atlantique, consid&#233;r&#233;e comme l'une des plus dangereuses au monde&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens, le rapport de Caminando Fronteras, &#171; Suivi du droit &#224; la (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh10-8&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En sus, la multiplication des interceptions financ&#233;es par l'Union sur la fa&#231;ade atlantique entra&#238;ne un allongement des routes,alors que les embarcations sont d&#233;j&#224; surcharg&#233;es et d&#233;rivent souvent pendant des jours, laissant ceux qui s'y trouvent sans eau ni nourriture. En criminalisant uniquement ceux qu'elle identifie comme des &#171; passeurs &#187;, la justice espagnole d&#233;tourne le regard et participe &#224; la stigmatisation des personnes exil&#233;es, qui souvent se retrouvent d&#233;sign&#233;es comme responsables de la navigation par n&#233;cessit&#233; ou sous la menace, alors qu'elles sont elles-m&#234;mes victimes du syst&#232;me qui les pousse &#224; risquer leur vie en mer.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;France&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Streetpress&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.streetpress.com/sujet/1758532916-france-travail-frontex-chasse-migrants-recruter-unioneuropenne&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Chez France Travail, Frontex promet &#171; de la chasse &#187; de migrants pour recruter&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 22 septembre 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;D&#233;but septembre, lors d'une visioconf&#233;rence organis&#233;e par France Travail, un ex-officier de liaison fran&#231;ais de Frontex a pr&#233;sent&#233; le m&#233;tier de garde-fronti&#232;res comme une opportunit&#233; pour les &#171; jeunes hommes &#187; attir&#233;s par &#171; la chasse &#187;. L'agence cherche &#224; recruter 500 nouveaux agents d'ici janvier 2026, en abaissant le niveau d'&#233;tude requis du bac+3 au baccalaur&#233;at et en offrant un salaire attractif. Officiellement, Frontex met en avant la v&#233;rification de documents et la gestion administrative des mouvements migratoires, mais les propos tenus r&#233;v&#232;lent une vision militaris&#233;e et violente du m&#233;tier, centr&#233;e sur l'interpellation et la traque des personnes en migration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette communication illustre le d&#233;calage entre l'image polic&#233;e que Frontex veut donner et la r&#233;alit&#233; de ses pratiques, &#224; savoir une agence dot&#233;e d'un budget colossal, qui recrute en masse pour renforcer une politique europ&#233;enne d'externalisation et de refoulement, attentatoire aux droits fondamentaux des personnes en migration. L'usage du mot &#171; chasse &#187; en dit long sur Frontex : il traduit une conception d&#233;shumanisante des exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s consid&#233;r&#233;&#183;e&#183;s comme des cibles &#224; traquer et participe de leur stigmatisation en tant que &#171; criminel&#183;le&#183;s &#187;. Cette nouvelle r&#233;v&#233;lation s'inscrit dans un contexte o&#249; l'agence europ&#233;enne est d&#233;j&#224; &#233;clabouss&#233;e par des accusations de complicit&#233; de crimes contre l'Humanit&#233;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens ; Mediapart, &#171; Fabrice Leggeri, ancien patron de Frontex, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh10-9&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;pour avoir couvert ouparticip&#233; &#224; des refoulements violents men&#233;s en mer &#201;g&#233;e ou aux fronti&#232;res de la route des Balkans. Sous couvert de renforcer la s&#233;curit&#233; des fronti&#232;res, l'agence europ&#233;enne, consolide un appareil r&#233;pressif qui banalise la violence, fragilise le droit d'asile et alimente la criminalisation des migrations : &#171; &lt;i&gt;s&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;i France travail a condamn&#233; les propos tenus lors de cette visioconf&#233;re&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;nce, l'agence&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; elle, n'a rien d&#233;savou&lt;/i&gt;&#233; &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir notamment, le communiqu&#233; du Gisti, &#171; France Travail offre une Tribune (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh10-10&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_7&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/66755/la-grece-vote-une-loi-pour-accelerer-les-retours-forces-des-demandeurs-dasile-deboutes&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;La Gr&#232;ce vote une loi pour acc&#233;l&#233;rer les 'retours forc&#233;s' des demandeurs d'asile d&#233;bout&#233;s&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 3 septembre 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le Monde, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/09/02/le-gouvernement-grec-opte-pour-une-politique-de-criminalisation-des-migrants_6638411_3210.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Le gouvernement grec opte pour une politique de criminalisation des migrants&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 2 septembre 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La Gr&#232;ce durcit encore sa politique migratoire, la loi vot&#233;e le 3 septembre 2025 introduit des peines d'emprisonnement et des amendes pour les personnes d&#233;bout&#233;es de l'asile qui se maintiennent sur le territoire et supprime le m&#233;canisme de r&#233;gularisation pour les personnes d&#233;pourvues de documents en r&#232;gle justifiant d'une r&#233;sidence de sept ans sur le territoire national. Les demandeur&#183;se&#183;s qui verront leurs demandes rejet&#233;es disposent d&#233;sormais d'un d&#233;lai de &#171; d&#233;part volontaire &#187; de 14 jours, contre 25 auparavant, pour quitter le territoire, faute de quoi ils encourent jusqu'&#224; cinq ans d'emprisonnement et 10 000 euros d'amende pour &#171; entr&#233;e irr&#233;guli&#232;re &#187; sur le territoire. La loi pr&#233;voit &#233;galement que les personnes expuls&#233;es pourront &#234;tre contraintes de porter un bracelet &#233;lectronique jusqu'&#224; leur sortie du territoire, et la dur&#233;e du placement en d&#233;tention administrative est port&#233;e de 18 &#224; 24 mois, comme par anticipation du R&#232;glement retour pourtant toujours en discussion, mais surtout, en violation de l'actuelle Directive retour.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En assimilant le s&#233;jour irr&#233;gulier &#224; une infraction p&#233;nale, la Gr&#232;ce choisit de criminaliser l'exil et participe une fois encore &#224; la stigmatisation des personnes en migration, en violation de la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice, laquelle a statu&#233; que l'irr&#233;gularit&#233; du s&#233;jour ne constitue pas un motif suffisant pour entra&#238;ner une sanction p&#233;nale. L'acc&#233;l&#233;ration des renvois forc&#233;s, prive les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s de leur droit &#224; un recours effectif et augmente le risque qu'il&#183;elle&#183;s soient expuls&#233;&#183;e&#183;s vers des pays o&#249; leur vie et leurs droits sont menac&#233;s, en violation de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme. La mise en &#339;uvre de cette loi reste largement d&#233;pendante de l'obtention des laissez-passer consulaires, ce qui risque de g&#233;n&#233;raliser la d&#233;tention des personnes en migration au m&#233;pris de leurs droits fondamentaux. La suppression des voies de r&#233;gularisation, condamne des milliers de personnes vivant en Gr&#232;ce depuis plusieurs ann&#233;es &#224; une pr&#233;carit&#233; et une ins&#233;curit&#233; juridique permanentes, en m&#233;connaissance de leurs droits les plus fondamentaux.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La logique dissuasive de cette loi n'emp&#234;chera pas les travers&#233;es de la M&#233;diterran&#233;e, mais elle poussera les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s vers des routes plus longues et p&#233;rilleuses, accroissant ainsi le nombre de naufrages, et plus g&#233;n&#233;ralement les risques qui p&#232;sent sur eux&#183;elles.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_8&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Italie&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Midi Libre, &#171; '&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.midilibre.fr/2025/09/15/un-acharnement-de-litalie-pour-nous-faire-disparaitre-lavion-de-pilotes-volontaires-qui-aide-les-migrants-en-mediterranee-saisi-12930558.php&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Un acharnement de l'Italie pour nous faire dispara&#238;tre' : l'avion de Pilotes Volontaires qui aide les migrants en M&#233;diterran&#233;e saisi &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 15 septembre 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Giornale di Sicilia, &#8220;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://gds.it/articoli/cronaca/2025/09/12/ha-sorvolato-il-mediterraneo-in-cerca-di-migranti-multa-di-centomila-euro-al-velivolo-colibri-2-partner-delle-ong-035dd1ed-e2b4-43aa-ad78-8e77381fd7fe/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ha sorvolato il Mediterraneo in cerca di migranti : multa di centomila euro al velivolo Colibri 2, partner delle ong&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, le 12 septembre 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 5 septembre 2025, l'Italie a immobilis&#233; pour 20 jours l'a&#233;ronef d'observation &#171; Colibri 2 &#187; de l'ONG Pilotes Volontaires et condamn&#233; l'organisation au paiement d'une amende de 100&#8239;000 euros. L'appareil est utilis&#233; pour rep&#233;rer en mer les embarcations d'exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s en d&#233;tresse en M&#233;diterran&#233;e centrale et notamment entre l'Italie, la Tunisie et la Libye. Selon l'association, la saisie est rendue possible en application du d&#233;cret-loi Flussi, qui impose aux humanitaires volants de signaler toute embarcation rep&#233;r&#233;e aux centres de coordination et aux autorit&#233;s des zones adjacentes, y compris aux 'garde-c&#244;tes' libyens et tunisiens.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En criminalisant les acteurs civils de recherche et de sauvetage en mer et en pronon&#231;ant &#224; leur encontre des sanctions financi&#232;res largement disproportionn&#233;es, l'Italie affiche la volont&#233; d'entraver leur action, voire m&#234;me &#224; terme de les faire dispara&#238;tre, au risque d'engendrer davantage de naufrages, les patrouilles navales &#233;tatiques en mer M&#233;diterran&#233;e ayant &#233;t&#233; retir&#233;es en 2019 au profit de la surveillance a&#233;rienne. Cette immobilisation s'inscrit dans une tendance r&#233;pressive inqui&#233;tante des autorit&#233;s italiennes&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir la revue de presse de juillet 2025.&#034; id=&#034;nh10-11&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, et ce malgr&#233; une d&#233;cision de la Cour constitutionnelle italienne&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Ibid.&#034; id=&#034;nh10-12&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; jugeant en ce sens que toute d&#233;cision fond&#233;e sur des normes punitives et discriminatoires, contournant le droit maritime international, devait &#234;tre consid&#233;r&#233;e comme ill&#233;gale et ill&#233;gitime.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_9&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Pays-Bas&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Courrier International&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#8220;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/migrations-les-pays-bas-veulent-expulser-les-deboutes-du-droit-d-asile-en-ouganda_235703&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Les Pays-Bas veulent expulser les d&#233;bout&#233;s du droit d'asile en Ouganda&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 30 septembre 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le 25 septembre 2025, les Pays-Bas et l'Ouganda ont sign&#233; une lettre d'intention en marge de l'Assembl&#233;e g&#233;n&#233;rale de l'ONU, visant &#224; cr&#233;er un &#171; centre de retour &#187; pour les demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s d'asile d&#233;bout&#233;&#183;e&#183;s. Ce projet pilote pr&#233;voit d'envoyer en Ouganda des personnes qui ne peuvent pas &#234;tre renvoy&#233;es directement vers leur pays d'origine, notamment si celui-ci est voisin de l'Ouganda. Pr&#233;sent&#233; comme une &#171; solution innovante &#187; par le gouvernement n&#233;erlandais, ce plan s'inscrit dans la lign&#233;e des politiques d'externalisation d&#233;j&#224; exp&#233;riment&#233;es ailleurs en Europe. Il rappelle notamment le deal britannique d'expulsion vers le Rwanda, jug&#233; ill&#233;gal en 2023 par la Cour supr&#234;me du Royaume-Uni&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;UK's supreme court, AAA and others v. Secretary of State for the Home (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh10-13&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Ce projet, annonc&#233; dans un climat politique marqu&#233; par la mont&#233;e de l'extr&#234;me droite et des manifestations anti-migrants aux Pays-Bas, alimente de vives critiques, particuli&#232;rement au regard du bilan contest&#233; de l'Ouganda en mati&#232;re de droits humains&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir en ce sens, le Rapport annuel d'Amnesty international sur les droits (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh10-14&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce projet affiche l'ambition n&#233;erlandaise d'expulser les personnes exil&#233;es, non plus seulement de ses fronti&#232;res, mais du continent europ&#233;en. En envoyant des personnes d&#233;bout&#233;es de l'asile dans un pays tiers comme l'Ouganda, les &#201;tats europ&#233;ens d&#233;l&#232;guent aux &#201;tats du Sud Global la gestion de l'accueil (et potentiellement de l'expulsion) des personnes en migration, au risque d'engendrer de graves violations des droits et de d&#233;stabiliser les pays du Sud, qui accueillent d&#233;j&#224; nombre d'exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s. Derri&#232;re le discours officiel qui insiste sur des &#171; centres conformes aux droits humains &#187;, ce type d'arrangement expose en r&#233;alit&#233; les personnes concern&#233;es &#224; un risque accru de pers&#233;cutions, de violences et de violations de leurs droits fondamentaux. En outre, ces accords informels cr&#233;ent une zone d'opacit&#233; et de non-droit : &#233;loign&#233;&#183;e&#183;s du regard de l'opinion publique europ&#233;enne et des institutions de contr&#244;le, les exil&#233;&#183;e&#183;s sont plus vuln&#233;rables aux abus et aux traitements inhumains ou d&#233;gradants. Cette initiative n&#233;erlandaise, qui survient apr&#232;s l'&#233;chec du mod&#232;le britannique au Rwanda, poursuit en outre une tendance inqui&#233;tante : loin de tirer les le&#231;ons des violations constat&#233;es, certains &#201;tats europ&#233;ens persistent &#224; institutionnaliser l'externalisation, transformant les pays tiers en zones de r&#233;tention et fragilisant toujours davantage l'accueil des personnes exil&#233;es.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_10&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;
Royaume-Uni&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Independent, &#8220;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/france-deportation-migrant-small-boats-deal-b2829022.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;First Migrant deported to France under Starmer's one-in-one-out deal&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, le 18 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;septembre&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;InfoMigrants, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/67174/accord-francobritannique-un-pour-un--que-se-passetil-pour-les-migrants-renvoyes-en-france&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Accord franco-britannique 'un pour un' : que se passe-t-il pour les migrants renvoy&#233;s en France ? &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 26 septembre 2025&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis la mi-septembre, les premiers vols d'expulsion vers la France ont commenc&#233; en application du nouvel accord r&#233;ciproque dit &#171; one in, one-out &#187; conclu le 10 juillet 2025. Pour rappel, Paris s'est engag&#233; &#224; &#171; reprendre &#187; toute personne ayant travers&#233; la Manche et n'ayant pas demand&#233; l'asile ou dont la demande d'asile a &#233;t&#233; jug&#233;e irrecevable au Royaume-Uni, en &#233;change de l'admission sur le territoire britannique par voies dites r&#233;guli&#232;res d'un&#183;e exil&#233;&#183;e.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ces expulsions privent les demandeur&#183;se&#183;s d'asile de leur droit &#224; un examen individualis&#233;, la seule circonstance qu'ils aient travers&#233; la Manche &#233;tant suffisante pour que leur demande d'asile soit jug&#233;e irrecevable au Royaume-Uni. Les candidat&#183;e&#183;s arbitrairement admis&#183;es au Royaume-Uni se voient initialement accorder un titre de s&#233;jour temporaire d'une dur&#233;e de trois mois sans autorisation de travail, mais il&#183;elle&#183;s n'ont aucune garantie quant &#224; l'obtention &lt;i&gt;a posteriori&lt;/i&gt; d'un droit au s&#233;jour, ni m&#234;me quant &#224; leur expulsion &#224; d&#233;faut de l'obtention d'un droit au s&#233;jour. En France, les personnes r&#233;admises n'ont gu&#232;re de perspectives :elles pourront d&#233;poser leur demande d'asile &#224; condition de ne pas l'avoir d&#233;j&#224; fait dans un autre pays, au risque d'&#234;tre plac&#233;es en proc&#233;dure Dublin. A d&#233;faut, elles seront plac&#233;es en centre de r&#233;tention en vue de leur expulsion du territoire.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Guardian, &#8220;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/sep/01/uk-to-make-it-harder-for-refugees-to-bring-family-members-to-country&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;UK to make it harder for refugees to bring family members to country&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&#8221;, le 1er &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;septembre&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le gouvernement britannique a suspendu le droit au regroupement familial pour les r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e&#183;s et b&#233;n&#233;ficiaires de la &#171; protection humanitaire &#187;. Cette proc&#233;dure permet aux b&#233;n&#233;ficiaires d'une protection internationale de solliciter un titre de s&#233;jour pour leur conjoint&#183;e et leurs enfants, sans avoir &#224; satisfaire aux conditions de ressources et de connaissance de la langue anglaise qui sont exig&#233;es dans le cadre de la proc&#233;dure de visa familial. Le gouvernement fait savoir que cette mesure est temporaire, le temps d'&#233;laborer une r&#233;forme visant &#224; durcir les conditions de la proc&#233;dure de regroupement familial.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Avec la suspension du regroupement familial, les familles,qui ne peuvent pas obtenir de visa afin de se d&#233;placer en s&#233;curit&#233;, sont contraintes d'emprunter des routes, notamment maritimes,o&#249; leurs vies sont mises en danger. Cette suspension entra&#238;ne donc une s&#233;paration forc&#233;e des familles, en m&#233;connaissance du droit &#224; la vie familiale tel qu'il est prot&#233;g&#233; notamment par l'article 8 de la Convention europ&#233;enne des droits de l'Homme. Cette mesure s'inscrit dans une logique globale de durcissement de la politique migratoire au Royaume&#8209;Uni et au-del&#224; en Europe, l'Allemagne ayant d&#233;j&#224; suspendu la proc&#233;dure de r&#233;unification pour les personnes b&#233;n&#233;ficiaires de la protection subsidiaire&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb10-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Voir la revue de presse de mai 2025.&#034; id=&#034;nh10-15&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&#034;spip&#034; id=&#034;outil_sommaire_11&#034;&gt;&lt;a title=&#034;Sommaire&#034; href='https://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=16&amp;page=backend#outil_sommaire' class=&#034;sommaire_ancre&#034;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;Frontex&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul class=&#034;spip&#034; role=&#034;list&#034;&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Euractiv&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, &#171; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://euractiv.fr/news/migrations-les-etats-membres-discutent-dun-renforcement-de-frontex-et-des-renvois-vers-des-pays-tiers/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Les Etats membres discutent d'un renforcement de Frontex et des renvois vers des pays tiers&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt; &#187;, le 29 septembre 2025&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Selon une note interne du Conseil de l'Union europ&#233;enne, les &#201;tats membres d&#233;battront prochainement d'un &#233;largissement du mandat de Frontex. L'objectif serait de permettre &#224; l'agence europ&#233;enne non seulement de renforcer sa coop&#233;ration avec les pays tiers, mais aussi d'organiser des expulsions forc&#233;es entre &#201;tats tiers, une option d&#233;j&#224; rejet&#233;e par deux fois (en 2016 et 2019) par le Parlement europ&#233;en, col&#233;gislateur. Certains gouvernements proposent m&#234;me de confier &#224; Frontex un r&#244;le au sein des plateformes d'expulsion install&#233;es dans des pays tiers, pr&#233;vues dans le r&#232;glement retours propos&#233; par la Commission europ&#233;enne en mars 2025. Cette derni&#232;re a &#233;galement propos&#233; de tripler le personnel de Frontex d'ici 2027.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette note illustre la volont&#233; de l'Union europ&#233;enne de renforcer une fois encore l'agence europ&#233;enne Frontex en d&#233;pit du bon sens, de pousser toujours plus loin l'externalisation du contr&#244;le migratoire et d'en faire peser la charge sur les pays du Sud, au prix d'atteintes aux droits fondamentaux des personnes exil&#233;es. En outre,la mise en place de plateformes d'expulsion hors UE, combin&#233;e &#224; un triplement annonc&#233; des effectifs de Frontex, consacre une logique de militarisation et de d&#233;localisation des fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes. Cette orientation s'inscrit dans la continuit&#233; du Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile,adopt&#233; en 2024, et des pratiques d&#233;j&#224; contest&#233;es de l'agence. En donnant encore plus de pouvoirs &#224; Frontex, l'UE l&#233;gitime une structure d&#233;j&#224; marqu&#233;e par les abus, et renforce une politique qui privil&#233;gie le contr&#244;le et l'expulsion au d&#233;triment de l'accueil.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_5654 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/revue_de_presse_septembre_2025.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 291.7 kio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='https://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH500/16-33bf8.png?1760017899' width='500' height='500' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 10-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens ; LaLibre, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lalibre.be/international/europe/2025/08/26/des-garde-cotes-libyens-formes-et-equipes-par-lunion-europeenne-tirent-sur-le-navire-dune-ong-qui-secourt-des-migrants-DZILOZJNK5DJRJI34FDGSSXF4A/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Des garde-c&#244;tes libyens form&#233;s et &#233;quip&#233;s par l'Union europ&#233;enne tirent sur le navire d'une ONG qui secourt des migrants &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 26 ao&#251;t 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 10-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens ; L'Orient-le-Jour, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1462151/le-hcr-cessera-de-financer-les-hospitalisations-des-refugies-au-liban-dici-la-fin-de-2025.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#171; Le HCR cessera de financer les hospitalisations des r&#233;fugi&#233;s au Liban d'ici la fin de 2025 &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 28 mai 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 10-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment, Le Monde, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2025/07/14/syrie-l-armee-israelienne-frappe-plusieurs-chars-apres-les-combats-entre-bedouins-et-druzes_6621175_3210.html?search-type=classic&amp;ise_click_rank=8&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;N&#233;gociations pour un cessez-le-feu dans le sud de la Syrie, apr&#232;s des combats meurtriers&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 14 juillet 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 10-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &lt;a href=&#034;https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen/schengen-area/temporary-reintroduction-border-control_en?etrans=fr&amp;prefLang=fr&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;sur le site de la Commission europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 10-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?article7365&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;la lettre ouverte du Gisti et de l'Anaf&#233; &#224; la Commission europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt; en date du 17 octobre 2024.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10-6&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10-6&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 10-6&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Communiqu&#233; Migreurop du 26 octobre 2024, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3290.html&#034;&gt;Frontex c&#233;l&#232;bre 20 ans de violations des droits en toute impunit&#233;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10-7&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10-7&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 10-7&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir la note n&#176;3 de Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/note_3.3_frontex_hors_de_controle_-_2021_fr.pdf&#034;&gt;Frontex : Une agence europ&#233;enne hors de contr&#244;le&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10-8&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10-8&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 10-8&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens, le rapport de Caminando Fronteras, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://caminandofronteras.org/fr/monitoreo/suivi-du-droit-a-la-vie-annee-2024/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Suivi du droit &#224; la vie &#8211; ann&#233;e 2024 &lt;/a&gt; &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10-9&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10-9&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 10-9&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens ; Mediapart, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/240424/fabrice-leggeri-ancien-patron-de-frontex-accuse-de-complicite-de-crime-contre-l-humanite&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Fabrice Leggeri, ancien patron de Frontex, accus&#233; de complicit&#233; de crime contre l'humanit&#233;&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 24 avril 2024.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10-10&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10-10&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 10-10&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir notamment, le communiqu&#233; du Gisti, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?article7591&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt; France Travail offre une Tribune &#224; Frontex pour de la chasse aux migrants &lt;/a&gt; &#187;, le 26 septembre 2025&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10-11&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10-11&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 10-11&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3449.html?lang_article=fr#outil_sommaire_6&#034;&gt;la revue de presse de juillet 2025&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10-12&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10-12&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 10-12&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Ibid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10-13&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10-13&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 10-13&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;UK's supreme court, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/uksc-2023-0093#judgment-details&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;AAA and others v. Secretary of State for the Home Departement&lt;/a&gt;, 15th of November 2023, UKSC 42&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10-14&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10-14&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 10-14&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir en ce sens, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.fr/pays/ouganda&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;le Rapport annuel d'Amnesty international sur les droits humains en Ouganda en 2024&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb10-15&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh10-15&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 10-15&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Voir &lt;a href=&#034;https://migreurop.org/article3426.html?lang_article=fr#outil_sommaire_2&#034;&gt;la revue de presse de mai 2025&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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