<?xml
version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<rss version="2.0" 
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
>

<channel xml:lang="fr">
	<title>MIGREUROP</title>
	<link>https://migreurop.org/</link>
	<description>Migreurop est un r&#233;seau europ&#233;en et africain de militant&#183;e&#183;s et chercheur&#183;euse&#183;s dont l'objectif est de faire conna&#238;tre et de lutter contre la g&#233;n&#233;ralisation de l'enfermement des &#233;trangers et la multiplication des camps, dispositif au c&#339;ur de la politique d'externalisation de l'Union europ&#233;enne.</description>
	<language>fr</language>
	<generator>SPIP - www.spip.net</generator>
	<atom:link href="http://migreurop.org/spip.php?id_mot=49&amp;page=backend" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />

	<image>
		<title>MIGREUROP</title>
		<url>http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L144xH38/siteon0-bf17a.png?1717745172</url>
		<link>https://migreurop.org/</link>
		<height>38</height>
		<width>144</width>
	</image>



<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>EU-Turkey agreement: Ten years later, what consequences?</title>
		<link>http://migreurop.org/article3615.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://migreurop.org/article3615.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-08-31T14:18:08Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Sarah Bachellerie</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Turkey</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Ten years ago, on 18 March 2016, the European Union signed an agreement with Turkey that has since become emblematic of the externalisation of European borders to third countries. This policy has had documented consequences in terms of deaths and human rights violations at the EU's external borders, particularly in the Aegean Sea and on the islands that became &#8220;hotspots&#8221;. But what consequences did this agreement create for migrants in Turkey? In this article, Turkish sociologist Didem Dan&#305;&#351; (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/rubrique457.html" rel="directory"&gt;Country analyses&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot49.html" rel="tag"&gt;Turkey&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH100/border-wall-between-turkey-and-syria-v0-ehwtizuuy6ee1-2-bdb59.jpg?1788188051' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='100' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ten years ago, on 18 March 2016, the European Union signed an agreement with Turkey that has since become emblematic of the externalisation of European borders to third countries. This policy has had documented consequences in terms of deaths and human rights violations at the EU's external borders, particularly in the Aegean Sea and on the islands that became &#8220;hotspots&#8221;. But what consequences did this agreement create for migrants in Turkey? In this article, Turkish sociologist Didem Dan&#305;&#351; shows that European externalisation has had the lasting effect of strengthening Turkey's migration control regime.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;This article stems from the contribution by Didem Dan&#305;&#351;, a Turkish sociologist specialising in migration and based in Istanbul, at a Migreurop political meeting held in April 2026. She was invited by ACORT, a Franco-Turkish member of the Migreurop network. Didem Dan&#305;&#351; is also a co-founder of the Association for Migration Studies (&lt;a href=&#034;https://gocarastirmalaridernegi.org/tr/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;G&#246;&#231; Ara&#351;t&#305;rmalar&#305; Derne&#287;i&lt;/a&gt; &#8211; GAR), which brings together social science researchers working from a critical perspective on contemporary migration issues in Turkey. An earlier version of this text was published in Turkish on the GAR (Association for Migration Research) website under the title &#8220;Ten Years after the EU&#8211;T&#252;rkiye Migration Deal: The Institutionalization of Precarity and the Erosion of Access to Rights.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ten years after the signing of the EU-Turkey agreement on 18 March 2016, it has become necessary to revisit this decisive moment in European migration policy. Presented at the time as a pragmatic response to an emergency situation, the agreement was primarily intended to limit irregular arrivals to the Greek islands and to organise closer cooperation between the European Union and Turkey. But, with the benefit of hindsight, it is clear that its effects went far beyond the mere management of crossings in the Aegean Sea.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since 2016, Turkey has occupied a central place in European migration governance. It has, de facto, become an extension of the European Union's external borders. It is important to recall that for more than a decade, Turkey has hosted one of the largest refugee populations in the world, particularly Syrians who arrived following the outbreak of the war in Syria in 2011. Most of these people do not benefit from refugee status in the full sense of the term, but from a system of &#8220;temporary protection&#8221;, which grants them certain rights while keeping them in a legally precarious situation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The main argument of this text is simple: the EU-Turkey agreement did not merely regulate migration flows; it contributed to the institutionalisation of a lasting regime of precarity, embedded in the broader dynamic of the externalisation of European migration policies. In other words, the European Union shifted part of the management of its borders to a neighbouring country, leaving people in exile to bear the concrete consequences of this reorganisation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A Turning Point in the Externalisation of Migration Policies&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The agreement of 18 March 2016 is part of a now well-established logic: externalisation. This term refers to the process by which the European Union directly or indirectly delegates part of the management of migration to third countries located beyond its own borders. It is therefore not simply a matter of monitoring European borders, but of shifting their management towards countries of transit or destination.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Beyond the immediate objective of limiting crossings to the Greek islands, this agreement profoundly reshaped relations between the European Union and Turkey in the field of migration. Three elements are essential. First, Turkey is considered by the European Union to be a &#8220;safe third country&#8221;, making it possible to transfer part of the management of asylum applications outside the EU. This lies at the very heart of externalisation policies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Second, the European Union established a massive financial mechanism through the FRIT (Facility for Refugees in Turkey). Initially set at &#8364;3 billion, this funding gradually reached approximately &#8364;11 billion transferred to Turkey. These resources played an important role in supporting essential services, particularly education and healthcare for Syrian refugees.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Finally, this agreement, initially presented as temporary, gradually evolved into a structural mechanism, durably shaping migration policies in Turkey. It should therefore be understood not as a mere short-term response, but as a model of externalised governance.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6127 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH281/medium_landscape_116291-2fb18.jpg?1788186244' width='500' height='281' alt='' /&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;font-size:70%; line-height:1; display:block; margin-top:-5px;&#034;&gt;Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu, European Council President Donald Tusk and European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker at the European Union summit held on 18 March 2016 in Brussels. Credit: Thierry Charlier/AFP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6128 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;a href='http://migreurop.org/IMG/jpg/ap24352437731580.jpg' class=&#034;spip_doc_lien mediabox&#034; type=&#034;image/jpeg&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH281/ap24352437731580-0708a.jpg?1788186244' width='500' height='281' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;font-size:70%; line-height:1; display:block; margin-top:-5px;&#034;&gt;European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdo&#287;an in Ankara on 17 December 2024. Credit: AP. Source: InfoMigrants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The photograph of Ursula von der Leyen and Recep Tayyip Erdo&#287;an, taken during her visit to Turkey in 2024, shows that the central logic underpinning this agreement remains very much alive today. More recently, just after the outbreak of the war in Iran, Ms von der Leyen's first reaction was to call the Turkish president in order to reaffirm the importance of securing Europe's borders and preventing a potential flow of refugees from Iran towards Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Between Humanitarian Support and Institutional Dependency&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For millions of refugees, programmes funded through the FRIT have represented an important resource in a context of acute vulnerability. They have helped support certain essential services, particularly in the areas of healthcare and education. The map below provides a concrete example: the blue dots indicate healthcare centres for migrants and refugees in Istanbul, funded by the European Union.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6129 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;a href='http://migreurop.org/IMG/jpg/istanbul_gocmen_sagligi_merkezleri_h4977_6eea6.jpg' class=&#034;spip_doc_lien mediabox&#034; type=&#034;image/jpeg&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH281/istanbul_gocmen_sagligi_merkezleri_h4977_6eea6-32d8c.jpg?1788186244' width='500' height='281' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;font-size:70%; line-height:1; display:block; margin-top:-5px;&#034;&gt;Photograph of a medical centre for refugees, &#8220;Health Clinic for Refugees and Migrants&#8221;, funded by the European Union. Source: Istanbul Burda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6130 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;a href='http://migreurop.org/IMG/png/capture_d_ecran_2026-08-20_103925.png' class=&#034;spip_doc_lien mediabox&#034; type=&#034;image/png&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH251/capture_d_ecran_2026-08-20_103925-146bf.png?1788186244' width='500' height='251' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;font-size:70%; line-height:1; display:block; margin-top:-5px;&#034;&gt;Healthcare centres for migrants and refugees in Istanbul, interactive map, accessed in June 2026. Source: &lt;a href=&#034;https://harita.kent95.org/istanbul&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Kent95&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;But these funding mechanisms also reveal the ambivalent effects of the agreement. Aid relies largely on external, temporary, project-based resources. It makes it possible to respond to immediate needs without necessarily building a sustainable and integrated public policy. Thus, an agreement presented as temporary has gradually been transformed into a structural mechanism, while keeping the people concerned in a temporary situation that has been prolonged indefinitely.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In recent years, this precariousness has become even more visible with the gradual withdrawal of certain resources and the restriction of rights. One particularly striking recent example is the following: since 1 January 2026, free access to healthcare for Syrians under temporary protection has been abolished. They must now pay for healthcare received in public hospitals in Turkey. This change is not merely technical: it also functions as an indirect instrument of migration control. By making living conditions more difficult, it contributes to encouraging Syrians to leave, either for Syria or for another country. Reception policies are thus being transformed into tools of migration regulation, based no longer on integration, but on encouraging departure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A Restricted Right to Asylum&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Another major effect of the EU-Turkey agreement concerns the erosion of the legal framework and the gradual reshaping of the right to asylum. Several developments can be highlighted. Before 2018, UNHCR played a central role in monitoring applications for international protection. Since 2018, asylum procedures have been centralised within the Turkish administration, which now manages the entire process.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since this centralisation, however, there has been a significant decline in the number of applications for protection in Turkey, as well as a low rate of positive decisions. This development reflects increasingly restricted access to asylum.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It should be recalled that, in Turkey, Syrians fall under the temporary protection regime. Unlike refugee status in the European Union, this status does not provide robust and durable protection. It nevertheless remains important, as it grants access to certain rights, notably healthcare and schooling. From this perspective, the reception of Syrian refugees in Turkey has long been more structured than in other countries neighbouring Syria, such as Jordan or Lebanon.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For people of other nationalities, those who obtain &#8220;conditional refugee&#8221; status (&lt;i&gt;&#351;artl&#305; m&#252;lteci&lt;/i&gt;) can also access certain services, particularly education and medical assistance. But overall, access to asylum remains very limited. As for undocumented people, they remain largely invisible and have virtually no access to rights or public services. Since 2018, administrative courts have rejected the majority of appeals relating to applications for protection.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following graph shows the evolution in the number of Syrians benefiting from temporary protection in Turkey.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6131 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;a href='http://migreurop.org/IMG/png/capture_d_ecran_2026-08-20_104057.png' class=&#034;spip_doc_lien mediabox&#034; type=&#034;image/png&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH297/capture_d_ecran_2026-08-20_104057-cc3cc.png?1788186244' width='500' height='297' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;font-size:70%; line-height:1; display:block; margin-top:-5px;&#034;&gt;Number of Syrians benefiting from temporary protection by year. Source: Presidency of Migration Management (G&#246;&#231; &#304;daresi Ba&#351;kanl&#305;&#287;&#305;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As the graph shows, the number of people benefiting from temporary protection has declined significantly. Since 2020&#8211;2021, the Turkish government has increasingly sought to reduce the presence of Syrians in Turkey by encouraging them to return to Syria. But this &#8220;encouragement&#8221; often amounts to disguised coercion: direct or indirect pressure makes life in Turkey more difficult and pushes many Syrians to consider a return that is not always genuinely voluntary.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Security-Driven Hardening of the Migration Regime&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In recent years, Turkey's migration regime has taken a more security-oriented turn. Migration is increasingly treated as a matter of control, surveillance and public order, rather than as a social, economic or political issue.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This security-oriented shift is manifested in several ways. First, there has been a proliferation of detention centres. These facilities, intended to detain people in an irregular situation prior to possible deportation, are playing an increasingly prominent role in migration management. Their development reflects a shift in scale: the state is no longer content simply to register or administer the presence of migrants; it is increasingly seeking to control it physically.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6132 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH333/mur-frontiere-turquie-syrie-1-e4012.jpg?1788186244' width='500' height='333' alt='' /&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;font-size:70%; line-height:1; display:block; margin-top:-5px;&#034;&gt;Wall at the Turkish-Syrian border. Source: Kedistan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The strengthening of controls is also evident at the borders, but also within the country. Identity checks, restrictions on mobility between provinces, registration requirements and the risk of arrest create an environment of permanent uncertainty. For people in exile, this means that everyday life unfolds under the constant threat of administrative checks.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This logic of control also relies on new mobile surveillance mechanisms. In Turkey, law enforcement vehicles, sometimes referred to as &#8220;mobile trucks&#8221;, are deployed in public spaces to check the identity and administrative status of foreign nationals. They can be seen particularly in major cities such as Istanbul, but also in other cities. These checks make it possible to quickly verify identity documents and residence permits. People who are not in compliance may then be arrested and transferred to detention centres.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6135 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH333/009_2023_001_2023_18_aralik_14_20231214_2_61680921_95846295-69efe.webp?1788186244' width='500' height='333' alt='' /&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;font-size:70%; line-height:1; display:block; margin-top:-5px;&#034;&gt;Mobile migration control vehicle established by the Directorate General of Migration Management of the Ministry of Interior to identify migrants in an irregular situation. Source: &lt;a href=&#034;https://aa.com.tr/en&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;aa.com.tr&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These mechanisms are not solely the result of national policy choices. Some of them are supported, directly or indirectly, by European funding. This dimension is essential: it shows that externalisation is not limited to a diplomatic agreement between the European Union and Turkey. It takes shape through concrete infrastructures &#8212; databases, detention centres, surveillance equipment, mobile vehicles and administrative practices &#8212; that profoundly transform migrants' relationship to space and mobility.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This hardening of migration controls restricts the room for manoeuvre available to people in exile. It makes movement more difficult, access to employment more uncertain, and family strategies more constrained. It also produces a form of everyday exhaustion: living for years within a temporary, unstable and surveilled framework ultimately affects social trajectories, plans for the future and family relationships.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Social Divisions and the Rise of Xenophobia&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The EU-Turkey agreement has also had significant social and political effects. The prolonged presence of Syrian refugees in Turkey was initially framed through a discourse of hospitality. But over the years, this discourse has weakened. Public support for refugees has declined, while anti-migrant and anti-Syrian rhetoric has intensified, to the point of normalising certain forms of exclusion in everyday life.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;According to several opinion polls, a very large majority of Turkish citizens &#8212; between 75% and 85% &#8212; support the return of Syrian refugees to their country of origin. This rejection cuts across the usual political divides: whether supportive of or critical of the government, many citizens share the view that Syrians should leave Turkey.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This development cannot be understood without taking into account the economic crisis, which has been particularly acute since 2018&#8211;2019. Inflation, increasing job insecurity, rising housing costs and the impoverishment of a significant part of the population have fuelled social tensions. In this context, refugees are often blamed for problems that are in fact rooted in broader economic and political transformations. They thus become convenient scapegoats.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The perception that resources are distributed unequally also plays an important role. Some members of the Turkish population believe that refugees receive assistance to which citizens themselves do not have access. Even when this perception is based on incomplete or inaccurate information, it fuels strong resentment. It is also instrumentalised by certain political actors, who have made migration a central theme of electoral mobilisation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Finally, many Turkish citizens feel that their country is shouldering a global responsibility largely on its own. This feeling is not entirely unfounded: Turkey does indeed host a very large number of people in exile, while opportunities for resettlement to Europe remain extremely limited (see table below). But rather than being directed solely at the European Union and the inequalities of the international system, this criticism often turns against refugees themselves.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6133 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH387/capture_d_ecran_2026-08-20_104603-a8bab.png?1788186244' width='500' height='387' alt='' /&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;font-size:70%; line-height:1; display:block; margin-top:-5px;&#034;&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.goc.gov.tr/gecici-koruma5638&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Presidency of Migration Management of Turkey&lt;/a&gt;, data on temporary protection.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Unlike in other contexts, such as Tunisia or certain European countries, the Turkish government has not adopted an officially and openly anti-refugee discourse. Nevertheless, a clear shift can be observed in recent years. In response to growing resentment among part of the population, public policies have shifted from a logic of reception towards a logic of encouraging return. The end of financial support for access to healthcare in January 2026 represents an important turning point in this respect, as it affects a population that is already economically highly vulnerable. This is a policy of deterrence, making everyday life more difficult in order to push people to leave.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The consequence is the normalisation of exclusion. Hostile rhetoric, discrimination in access to housing or employment, calls for return and occasional acts of violence are part of an increasingly harsh social climate. After 2020, integration and social cohesion policies were gradually marginalised. The question is no longer so much how to live together, but how to reduce the migrant presence.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This shift has also transformed the role of civil society. In the first years following the arrival of Syrians, NGOs played a central role in reception, often thanks to international funding. But these sources of funding gradually became scarcer. Activities became increasingly focused on service provision, while advocacy capacities declined. In an increasingly authoritarian political context, there has also been a tendency towards self-censorship and a shrinking of critical space within civil society organisations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: A Permanent Temporality&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ten years on, the EU-Turkey agreement can be viewed in two ways. From the European Union's perspective, it is often presented as a success, as it helped reduce irregular arrivals between Turkey and Greece. But from the perspective of migrants' rights and living conditions, the picture is much darker. The agreement has contributed to producing lasting precarity, a gradual restriction of rights and the externalisation of responsibilities to Turkey.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This can be described as a regime of &#8220;permanent temporality&#8221;. What was presented as temporary has become structural: temporary protection has lasted for more than ten years, emergency funding has evolved into a model of governance, and exceptional policies have become the norm. People in exile thus remain suspended in a lasting state of limbo: unable to fully settle, move freely or confidently build a future elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, this model is not limited to the Turkish case. It is now being replicated, or renegotiated, in other contexts, particularly in Africa and Asia. This therefore raises a central question for the future: how can we think about migration policies beyond a security-driven logic? And how can they be rebuilt on the foundations of rights, equality and social justice?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Accord UE-Turquie : Dix ans apr&#232;s, quelles cons&#233;quences ?</title>
		<link>http://migreurop.org/article3614.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://migreurop.org/article3614.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-08-31T14:18:01Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Sarah Bachellerie</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Turquie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Union Europ&#233;enne</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Il y a dix ans, le 18 mars 2016, l'Union europ&#233;enne signait avec la Turquie un accord qui est rest&#233; depuis embl&#233;matique de l'externalisation des fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes vers des pays tiers. Cette politique a eu des cons&#233;quences document&#233;es en terme de d&#233;c&#232;s et de violations des droits aux fronti&#232;res ext&#233;rieures de l'UE, notamment en mer &#201;g&#233;e et sur les &#238;les devenues des &#034;hotspots&#034;. Mais quelles ont &#233;t&#233; les cons&#233;quences de cet accord pour les personnes migrantes en Turquie ? Dans cet article, (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/rubrique457.html" rel="directory"&gt;Analyses pays&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot49.html" rel="tag"&gt;Turquie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot208.html" rel="tag"&gt;Union Europ&#233;enne&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH100/border-wall-between-turkey-and-syria-v0-ehwtizuuy6ee1-929a6.jpg?1788188051' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='100' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Il y a dix ans, le 18 mars 2016, l'Union europ&#233;enne signait avec la Turquie un accord qui est rest&#233; depuis embl&#233;matique de l'externalisation des fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes vers des pays tiers. Cette politique a eu des cons&#233;quences document&#233;es en terme de d&#233;c&#232;s et de violations des droits aux fronti&#232;res ext&#233;rieures de l'UE, notamment en mer &#201;g&#233;e et sur les &#238;les devenues des &#034;hotspots&#034;. Mais quelles ont &#233;t&#233; les cons&#233;quences de cet accord pour les personnes migrantes en Turquie ? Dans cet article, la sociologue turque Didem Dan&#305;&#351; montre que l'externalisation europ&#233;enne a eu pour cons&#233;quence de renforcer durablement le r&#233;gime de contr&#244;le migratoire en Turquie.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Cet article est issu de l'intervention de Didem Dan&#305;&#351;, sociologue turque sp&#233;cialiste des migrations et bas&#233;e &#224; Istanbul, lors d'une r&#233;union politique de Migreurop organis&#233;e en avril 2026. Elle y avait &#233;t&#233; invit&#233;e par l'ACORT, membre franco-turc du r&#233;seau Migreurop. Didem Dan&#305;&#351; est &#233;galement cofondatrice de l'Association pour les &#233;tudes migratoires (&lt;a href=&#034;https://gocarastirmalaridernegi.org/tr/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;G&#246;&#231; Ara&#351;t&#305;rmalar&#305; Derne&#287;i&lt;/a&gt;&#8211; GAR), qui r&#233;unit des chercheur&#183;euses en sciences sociales travaillant, dans une perspective critique, sur les enjeux migratoires contemporains en Turquie. Une premi&#232;re version de ce texte a &#233;t&#233; publi&#233;e en turc sur le site de GAR (Association pour la recherche sur les migrations), sous le titre &#171; Dix ans apr&#232;s l'accord migratoire UE-Turquie : l'institutionnalisation de la pr&#233;carit&#233; et l'affaiblissement de l'acc&#232;s aux droits.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dix ans apr&#232;s la signature de l'accord UE-Turquie du 18 mars 2016, il est devenu n&#233;cessaire de revenir sur ce moment d&#233;cisif de la politique migratoire europ&#233;enne. Pr&#233;sent&#233; &#224; l'&#233;poque comme une r&#233;ponse pragmatique &#224; une situation d'urgence, cet accord devait avant tout limiter les arriv&#233;es irr&#233;guli&#232;res vers les &#238;les grecques et organiser une coop&#233;ration plus &#233;troite entre l'Union europ&#233;enne et la Turquie. Mais, avec le recul, il appara&#238;t que ses effets ont largement d&#233;pass&#233; la simple gestion des travers&#233;es en mer &#201;g&#233;e.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis 2016, la Turquie occupe une place centrale dans la gouvernance migratoire europ&#233;enne. Elle est devenue, de facto, une extension des fronti&#232;res ext&#233;rieures de l'Union europ&#233;enne. Il faut rappeler que la Turquie accueille depuis plus d'une d&#233;cennie l'une des plus importantes populations r&#233;fugi&#233;es au monde, en particulier des Syriens et Syriennes arriv&#233;s apr&#232;s le d&#233;but de la guerre en Syrie en 2011. Ces personnes ne b&#233;n&#233;ficient pas, pour la plupart, du statut de r&#233;fugi&#233; au sens plein du terme, mais d'un r&#233;gime de &#171; protection temporaire &#187;, qui leur donne certains droits tout en les maintenant dans une situation juridiquement fragile.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'argument principal de ce texte est simple : l'accord UE-Turquie n'a pas seulement r&#233;gul&#233; les flux migratoires : il a contribu&#233; &#224; l'institutionnalisation d'un r&#233;gime de pr&#233;carit&#233; durable, inscrit dans une dynamique plus large d'externalisation des politiques migratoires europ&#233;ennes. Autrement dit, l'Union europ&#233;enne a d&#233;plac&#233; une partie de la gestion de ses fronti&#232;res vers un pays voisin, laissant les personnes exil&#233;es subir les cons&#233;quences concr&#232;tes de cette r&#233;organisation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Un tournant dans l'externalisation des politiques migratoires&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'accord du 18 mars 2016 s'inscrit dans une logique d&#233;sormais bien connue : l'externalisation. Cette notion d&#233;signe le processus par lequel l'Union europ&#233;enne d&#233;l&#232;gue, directement ou indirectement, une partie de la gestion des migrations &#224; des pays tiers situ&#233;s au-del&#224; de ses propres fronti&#232;res. Il ne s'agit donc pas seulement de surveiller les fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes, mais d'en repousser la gestion vers les pays de transit ou d'accueil.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Au-del&#224; de l'objectif imm&#233;diat de limiter les travers&#233;es vers les &#238;les grecques, cet accord a profond&#233;ment red&#233;fini les relations entre l'Union europ&#233;enne et la Turquie en mati&#232;re migratoire. Trois &#233;l&#233;ments sont essentiels. D'abord, la Turquie est consid&#233;r&#233;e par l'Union europ&#233;enne comme un &#171; pays tiers s&#251;r &#187; (&lt;i&gt;safe third country&lt;/i&gt;), ce qui permet de transf&#233;rer en dehors de l'UE une partie de la gestion des demandes d'asile. On se trouve ici au c&#339;ur m&#234;me des politiques d'externalisation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ensuite, l'Union europ&#233;enne a mis en place un m&#233;canisme financier massif &#224; travers le FRIT (&lt;i&gt;Facility for Refugees in Turkey&lt;/i&gt;). Initialement pr&#233;vu &#224; hauteur de 3 milliards d'euros, ce financement a progressivement atteint environ 11 milliards d'euros transf&#233;r&#233;s vers la Turquie. Ces ressources ont jou&#233; un r&#244;le important dans le soutien &#224; des services essentiels, notamment l'&#233;ducation et la sant&#233; des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es syrien&#183;nes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Enfin, cet accord, pr&#233;sent&#233; au d&#233;part comme temporaire, s'est progressivement transform&#233; en dispositif structurel, fa&#231;onnant durablement les politiques migratoires en Turquie. Il doit donc &#234;tre compris non comme une simple r&#233;ponse conjoncturelle, mais comme un mod&#232;le de gouvernance externalis&#233;e.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6127 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH281/medium_landscape_116291-2fb18.jpg?1788186244' width='500' height='281' alt='' /&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;font-size:70%; line-height:1; display:block; margin-top:-5px;&#034;&gt;Le Premier ministre turc Ahmet Davutoglu, le pr&#233;sident du Conseil europ&#233;en Donald Tusk et le pr&#233;sident de la Commission europ&#233;enne Jean-Claude Juncker au sommet de l'Union europ&#233;enne tenu le 18 mars 2016 &#224; Bruxelles. Cr&#233;dit : Thierry Charlier/AFP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6128 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;a href='http://migreurop.org/IMG/jpg/ap24352437731580.jpg' class=&#034;spip_doc_lien mediabox&#034; type=&#034;image/jpeg&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH281/ap24352437731580-0708a.jpg?1788186244' width='500' height='281' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;font-size:70%; line-height:1; display:block; margin-top:-5px;&#034;&gt;La pr&#233;sidente de la Commission europ&#233;enne Ursula von der Leyen et le pr&#233;sident turc Recep Tayyip Erdo&#287;an &#224; Ankara le 17 d&#233;cembre 2024. Cr&#233;dit : AP - Source : infomigrants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La photo d'Ursula von der Leyen et de Recep Tayyip Erdo&#287;an, prise lors de sa visite en Turquie en 2024, montre que la logique centrale de cet accord reste bien vivante aujourd'hui. Plus r&#233;cemment encore, juste apr&#232;s le d&#233;but de la guerre en Iran, la premi&#232;re r&#233;action de Mme von der Leyen a &#233;t&#233; d'appeler le pr&#233;sident turc afin de r&#233;affirmer l'importance de la s&#233;curisation des fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes et de pr&#233;venir un &#233;ventuel flux de r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es en provenance d'Iran vers l'Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Entre soutien humanitaire et d&#233;pendance institutionnelle&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour des millions de r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es, les programmes financ&#233;s par le FRIT ont repr&#233;sent&#233; une ressource importante dans un contexte de grande vuln&#233;rabilit&#233;. Ils ont permis de soutenir certains services essentiels, notamment dans les domaines de la sant&#233; et de l'&#233;ducation. La carte ci-dessous en donne un exemple concret : les points bleus indiquent les centres de soins de sant&#233; destin&#233;s aux migrant&#183;es et r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es &#224; Istanbul, financ&#233;s par l'Union europ&#233;enne.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6129 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;a href='http://migreurop.org/IMG/jpg/istanbul_gocmen_sagligi_merkezleri_h4977_6eea6.jpg' class=&#034;spip_doc_lien mediabox&#034; type=&#034;image/jpeg&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH281/istanbul_gocmen_sagligi_merkezleri_h4977_6eea6-32d8c.jpg?1788186244' width='500' height='281' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;font-size:70%; line-height:1; display:block; margin-top:-5px;&#034;&gt;Photographie d'un centre m&#233;dical pour les r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es, &#171; Health Clinic for Refugees and Migrants &#187;, financ&#233; par l'Union europ&#233;enne. Source : Istanbul Burda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6130 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;a href='http://migreurop.org/IMG/png/capture_d_ecran_2026-08-20_103925.png' class=&#034;spip_doc_lien mediabox&#034; type=&#034;image/png&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH251/capture_d_ecran_2026-08-20_103925-146bf.png?1788186244' width='500' height='251' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&#034;font-size:70%; line-height:1; display:block; margin-top:-5px;&#034;&gt;Centres de soins de sant&#233; pour les migrant&#183;e&#183;s et r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e&#183;s &#224; Istanbul, carte interactive, consult&#233;e en juin 2026. Source : &lt;a href=&#034;https://harita.kent95.org/istanbul&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Kent95&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mais ces financements r&#233;v&#232;lent aussi les effets ambivalents de l'accord. L'aide repose largement sur des ressources externes, temporaires et organis&#233;es par projets. Elle permet de r&#233;pondre &#224; des besoins imm&#233;diats, sans construire n&#233;cessairement une politique publique durable et int&#233;gr&#233;e. Ainsi, un accord pr&#233;sent&#233; comme provisoire s'est progressivement transform&#233; en dispositif structurel, tout en maintenant les personnes concern&#233;es dans une situation temporaire qui se prolonge.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis quelques ann&#233;es, cette fragilit&#233; est devenue encore plus visible avec le retrait progressif de certaines ressources et la restriction des droits. Un exemple r&#233;cent est particuli&#232;rement marquant : depuis le 1er janvier 2026, l'acc&#232;s gratuit aux services de sant&#233; pour les Syrien&#183;nes sous protection temporaire a &#233;t&#233; supprim&#233;. D&#233;sormais, ils et elles doivent payer pour les soins re&#231;us dans les h&#244;pitaux publics en Turquie. Ce changement n'est pas seulement technique : il fonctionne aussi comme un instrument indirect de gestion migratoire. En rendant les conditions de vie plus difficiles, il contribue &#224; encourager les Syrien&#183;nes &#224; partir, vers la Syrie ou vers un autre pays. Les politiques d'accueil se transforment ainsi en outils de r&#233;gulation migratoire, fond&#233;s non plus sur l'int&#233;gration, mais sur l'incitation au d&#233;part.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Un droit d'asile restreint&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un autre effet majeur de l'accord UE-Turquie concerne l'&#233;rosion du cadre juridique et la red&#233;finition progressive du droit d'asile. Plusieurs &#233;volutions peuvent &#234;tre soulign&#233;es. Avant 2018, le HCR jouait un r&#244;le central dans le suivi des demandes de protection internationale. Depuis 2018, les proc&#233;dures d'asile ont &#233;t&#233; centralis&#233;es au sein de l'administration turque, qui g&#232;re d&#233;sormais l'ensemble du processus.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Or, depuis cette centralisation, on observe une baisse significative du nombre de demandes de protection en Turquie, ainsi qu'un faible taux de d&#233;cisions favorables. Cette &#233;volution t&#233;moigne d'un acc&#232;s de plus en plus restreint &#224; l'asile.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Il faut rappeler qu'en Turquie, les Syrien&#183;nes rel&#232;vent du statut de protection temporaire. Contrairement au statut de r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e dans l'Union europ&#233;enne, ce statut n'offre pas une protection solide et durable. Il reste n&#233;anmoins important, car il donne acc&#232;s &#224; certains droits, notamment aux soins de sant&#233; et &#224; la scolarisation. De ce point de vue, l'accueil des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es syrien&#183;nes en Turquie a longtemps &#233;t&#233; plus structur&#233; que dans d'autres pays voisins de la Syrie, comme la Jordanie ou le Liban.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour les personnes d'autres nationalit&#233;s, celles qui obtiennent le statut de &#171; r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e conditionnel&#183;le &#187; (&lt;i&gt;&#351;artl&#305; m&#252;lteci&lt;/i&gt;) peuvent &#233;galement acc&#233;der &#224; certains services, notamment &#224; l'&#233;cole et &#224; l'aide m&#233;dicale. Mais, dans l'ensemble, l'acc&#232;s &#224; l'asile reste tr&#232;s limit&#233;. Quant aux personnes sans papiers, elles demeurent largement invisibles et n'ont pratiquement aucun acc&#232;s aux droits ni aux services publics. Depuis 2018, les tribunaux administratifs rejettent la majorit&#233; des recours li&#233;s aux demandes de protection.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le graphique suivant permet d'observer l'&#233;volution du nombre de Syrien&#183;nes b&#233;n&#233;ficiant de la protection temporaire en Turquie.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6131 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;a href='http://migreurop.org/IMG/png/capture_d_ecran_2026-08-20_104057.png' class=&#034;spip_doc_lien mediabox&#034; type=&#034;image/png&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH297/capture_d_ecran_2026-08-20_104057-cc3cc.png?1788186244' width='500' height='297' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;span style=&#034;font-size:70%; line-height:1; display:block; margin-top:-5px;&#034;&gt;Nombre de Syriens b&#233;n&#233;ficiant de la protection temporaire selon les ann&#233;es. Source : Pr&#233;sidence de la gestion des donn&#233;es sur les migrations (G&#246;&#231; &#304;daresi Ba&#351;kanl&#305;&#287;&#305;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Comme le montre le graphique, le nombre de personnes b&#233;n&#233;ficiant de la protection temporaire a nettement diminu&#233;. Depuis 2020-2021, le gouvernement turc cherche de plus en plus &#224; r&#233;duire la pr&#233;sence des Syrien&#183;nes en Turquie en les encourageant au retour vers la Syrie. Mais cet &#171; encouragement &#187; rel&#232;ve souvent d'une contrainte d&#233;guis&#233;e : des pressions directes ou indirectes rendent la vie en Turquie plus difficile et poussent de nombreux Syrien&#183;nes &#224; envisager un retour qui n'est pas toujours r&#233;ellement volontaire.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le durcissement s&#233;curitaire du r&#233;gime migratoire&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Au cours des derni&#232;res ann&#233;es, le r&#233;gime migratoire turc a connu un tournant s&#233;curitaire. La migration est de plus en plus trait&#233;e comme une question de contr&#244;le, de surveillance et d'ordre public, plut&#244;t que comme une question sociale, &#233;conomique ou politique.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce tournant s&#233;curitaire se manifeste de plusieurs fa&#231;ons. On observe d'abord la multiplication des centres de r&#233;tention. Ces lieux, destin&#233;s &#224; enfermer les personnes en situation irr&#233;guli&#232;re avant une &#233;ventuelle expulsion, occupent une place croissante dans la gestion migratoire. Leur d&#233;veloppement traduit un changement d'&#233;chelle : l'&#201;tat ne se contente plus d'enregistrer ou d'administrer la pr&#233;sence des personnes migrantes, il cherche de plus en plus &#224; la contr&#244;ler physiquement.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6132 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH333/mur-frontiere-turquie-syrie-1-e4012.jpg?1788186244' width='500' height='333' alt='' /&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;span style=&#034;font-size:70%; line-height:1; display:block; margin-top:-5px;&#034;&gt;Mur &#224; la fronti&#232;re turco-syrienne. Source : Kedistan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Le renforcement des contr&#244;les se manifeste &#233;galement aux fronti&#232;res, mais aussi &#224; l'int&#233;rieur du territoire. Les contr&#244;les d'identit&#233;, les restrictions de mobilit&#233; entre provinces, les obligations d'enregistrement et les risques d'arrestation cr&#233;ent un environnement d'incertitude permanent. Pour les personnes exil&#233;es, cela signifie que la vie quotidienne se d&#233;roule sous la menace constante d'un contr&#244;le administratif.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette logique de contr&#244;le s'appuie aussi sur de nouveaux dispositifs mobiles de surveillance. En Turquie, des v&#233;hicules des forces de l'ordre, parfois appel&#233;s &#171; camions mobiles &#187;, sont d&#233;ploy&#233;s dans les espaces publics afin de contr&#244;ler l'identit&#233; et le statut administratif des personnes &#233;trang&#232;res. On les observe notamment dans les grandes m&#233;tropoles comme Istanbul, mais aussi dans d'autres villes. Ces contr&#244;les permettent de v&#233;rifier rapidement les documents d'identit&#233; et les titres de s&#233;jour. Les personnes qui ne sont pas en r&#232;gle risquent alors d'&#234;tre arr&#234;t&#233;es puis transf&#233;r&#233;es vers des centres de r&#233;tention.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6135 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH333/009_2023_001_2023_18_aralik_14_20231214_2_61680921_95846295-69efe.webp?1788186244' width='500' height='333' alt='' /&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;span style=&#034;font-size:70%; line-height:1; display:block; margin-top:-5px;&#034;&gt;V&#233;hicule mobile de contr&#244;le migratoire mis en place par la Direction de la gestion des migrations du minist&#232;re de l'Int&#233;rieur pour l'identification des migrants en situation irr&#233;guli&#232;re. Source : aa.com.tr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ces dispositifs ne rel&#232;vent pas uniquement de choix nationaux. Certains d'entre eux sont soutenus, directement ou indirectement, par des financements europ&#233;ens. Cette dimension est essentielle : elle montre que l'externalisation ne se limite pas &#224; un accord diplomatique entre l'Union europ&#233;enne et la Turquie. Elle prend forme dans des infrastructures concr&#232;tes &#8211; bases de donn&#233;es, centres de r&#233;tention, &#233;quipements de contr&#244;le, v&#233;hicules mobiles et pratiques administratives &#8211; qui transforment en profondeur le rapport des migrant&#183;es &#224; l'espace et &#224; la mobilit&#233;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce durcissement limite les marges d'action des personnes exil&#233;es. Il rend les d&#233;placements plus difficiles, l'acc&#232;s au travail plus incertain, les strat&#233;gies familiales plus contraintes. Il produit aussi une forme d'usure quotidienne : vivre dans un cadre temporaire, instable et surveill&#233;, pendant des ann&#233;es, finit par affecter les trajectoires sociales, les projets d'avenir et les relations familiales.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Des fractures sociales et une mont&#233;e de la x&#233;nophobie&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;L'accord UE-Turquie a aussi eu des effets sociaux et politiques importants. La pr&#233;sence prolong&#233;e des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es syrien&#183;nes en Turquie a d'abord &#233;t&#233; encadr&#233;e par un discours d'hospitalit&#233;. Mais, au fil des ann&#233;es, ce discours s'est affaibli. Le soutien public envers les r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es a diminu&#233;, tandis que les discours anti-migrant&#183;es et anti-Syrien&#183;ne&#183;s se sont renforc&#233;s, jusqu'&#224; banaliser certaines formes d'exclusion dans la vie quotidienne.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Selon plusieurs sondages, une tr&#232;s large majorit&#233; des citoyen&#183;nes turc&#183;ques &#8211; entre 75 % et 85 % &#8211; se d&#233;clare favorable au retour des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es syrien&#183;nes dans leur pays d'origine. Ce rejet d&#233;passe les clivages politiques habituels : qu'ils soient proches ou critiques du gouvernement, de nombreux citoyen&#183;nes partagent l'id&#233;e que les Syrien&#183;nes devraient quitter la Turquie.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette &#233;volution ne peut pas &#234;tre comprise sans tenir compte de la crise &#233;conomique, particuli&#232;rement marqu&#233;e depuis 2018-2019. L'inflation, la pr&#233;carisation du travail, la hausse du co&#251;t du logement et l'appauvrissement d'une partie importante de la population ont aliment&#233; les tensions sociales. Dans ce contexte, les r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es sont souvent d&#233;sign&#233;s comme responsables de probl&#232;mes qui rel&#232;vent en r&#233;alit&#233; de transformations &#233;conomiques et politiques plus larges. Ils deviennent ainsi des boucs &#233;missaires commodes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La perception d'une distribution in&#233;gale des ressources joue &#233;galement un r&#244;le important. Une partie de la population turque estime que les r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es b&#233;n&#233;ficient d'aides auxquelles les citoyen&#183;nes eux-m&#234;mes n'ont pas acc&#232;s. M&#234;me lorsque cette perception repose sur des informations incompl&#232;tes ou erron&#233;es, elle nourrit un ressentiment puissant. Elle est aussi instrumentalis&#233;e par certains acteurs politiques, qui font de la question migratoire un th&#232;me central de mobilisation &#233;lectorale.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Enfin, beaucoup de citoyen&#183;nes turc&#183;ques ont le sentiment que leur pays supporte seul une responsabilit&#233; globale. Ce sentiment n'est pas sans fondement : la Turquie accueille effectivement un tr&#232;s grand nombre de personnes exil&#233;es, tandis que les possibilit&#233;s de r&#233;installation vers l'Europe restent tr&#232;s limit&#233;es (voir le tableau ci-dessous). Mais cette critique, au lieu de se diriger uniquement vers l'Union europ&#233;enne et les in&#233;galit&#233;s du syst&#232;me international, se retourne souvent contre les r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es eux-m&#234;mes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6133 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH387/capture_d_ecran_2026-08-20_104603-a8bab.png?1788186244' width='500' height='387' alt='' /&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
&lt;span style=&#034;font-size:70%; line-height:1; display:block; margin-top:-5px;&#034;&gt;Source : Pr&#233;sidence de la gestion des migrations de Turquie, donn&#233;es sur la protection temporaire (&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.goc.gov.tr/gecici-koruma5638&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://www.goc.gov.tr/gecici-koruma5638&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Contrairement &#224; d'autres contextes, comme la Tunisie ou certains pays europ&#233;ens, le gouvernement turc n'a pas adopt&#233; un discours officiellement et ouvertement anti-r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es. Mais on observe n&#233;anmoins un changement net ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es. Pour r&#233;pondre au ressentiment croissant d'une partie de la population, les politiques publiques sont pass&#233;es d'une logique d'accueil &#224; une logique d'encouragement au retour. La fin du soutien financier &#224; l'acc&#232;s aux soins de sant&#233;, en janvier 2026, constitue &#224; cet &#233;gard un tournant important, car elle touche une population d&#233;j&#224; tr&#232;s vuln&#233;rable &#233;conomiquement. Il s'agit d'une politique de dissuasion, qui rend la vie quotidienne plus difficile afin de pousser les personnes &#224; partir.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La cons&#233;quence est une banalisation de l'exclusion. Les propos hostiles, les discriminations dans l'acc&#232;s au logement ou au travail, les appels au retour et les violences ponctuelles s'inscrivent dans un climat social de plus en plus dur. Apr&#232;s 2020, les politiques d'int&#233;gration ou de coh&#233;sion sociale ont &#233;t&#233; progressivement marginalis&#233;es. La question n'est plus tant de savoir comment vivre ensemble, mais comment r&#233;duire la pr&#233;sence migrante.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cette &#233;volution a &#233;galement transform&#233; le r&#244;le de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile. Dans les premi&#232;res ann&#233;es de l'arriv&#233;e des Syrien&#183;nes, les ONG avaient jou&#233; un r&#244;le central dans l'accueil, souvent gr&#226;ce &#224; des financements internationaux. Mais progressivement, ces financements se sont rar&#233;fi&#233;s. Les activit&#233;s se sont recentr&#233;es sur la prestation de services, tandis que les capacit&#233;s de plaidoyer ont diminu&#233;. Dans un contexte politique de plus en plus autoritaire, on observe aussi une tendance &#224; l'autocensure et une r&#233;duction de l'espace critique au sein des organisations de la soci&#233;t&#233; civile.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion : une temporalit&#233; permanente&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dix ans apr&#232;s, l'accord UE-Turquie peut &#234;tre lu de deux mani&#232;res. Du point de vue de l'Union europ&#233;enne, il est souvent pr&#233;sent&#233; comme un succ&#232;s, car il a permis de r&#233;duire les arriv&#233;es irr&#233;guli&#232;res entre la Turquie et la Gr&#232;ce. Mais du point de vue des droits et des conditions de vie des migrant&#183;es, le bilan est beaucoup plus sombre. L'accord a contribu&#233; &#224; produire une pr&#233;carit&#233; durable, une restriction progressive des droits et une externalisation des responsabilit&#233;s vers la Turquie.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;C'est ce que l'on peut appeler un r&#233;gime de &#171; temporalit&#233; permanente &#187;. Ce qui &#233;tait pr&#233;sent&#233; comme temporaire est devenu structurel : la protection temporaire dure depuis plus de dix ans, les financements d'urgence se transforment en mod&#232;le de gestion, et les politiques d'exception deviennent ordinaires. Les personnes exil&#233;es restent ainsi suspendues dans un entre-deux durable : elles ne peuvent ni s'installer pleinement, ni circuler librement, ni construire sereinement un avenir ailleurs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce mod&#232;le ne se limite malheureusement pas au cas turc. Il est aujourd'hui reproduit, ou en cours de ren&#233;gociation, dans d'autres contextes, notamment en Afrique ou en Asie. Il pose donc une question centrale pour l'avenir : comment penser des politiques migratoires au-del&#224; de la logique s&#233;curitaire ? Et comment les refonder dans une perspective fond&#233;e sur les droits, l'&#233;galit&#233; et la justice sociale ?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>&#034;THE FORTRESS&#034;, a documentary on European border externalisation </title>
		<link>http://migreurop.org/article3619.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://migreurop.org/article3619.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-08-27T08:06:17Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Sarah Bachellerie</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation of borders</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Balkans</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Bosnia and Herzegovina</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Serbie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Greece</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Turkey</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>S&#233;n&#233;gal</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Mauritania</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Morocco</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Migreurop is a partner of the film &#034;THE FORTRESS&#034;, written and directed by Romain Kosellek, an individual member of the network. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; Documentary, 106 minutes France, 2026 Director: Romain Kosellek Production: L'image d'apr&#232;s, Nakama Films Film website: https://thefortress-lefilm.work &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Synopsis: &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
In the border regions of the European Union, the Exile moves from country to country in search of stability. Between attempts, he talks with his fellow travelers about their experiences: the (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/rubrique469.html" rel="directory"&gt;Film partners&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation of borders&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot181.html" rel="tag"&gt;Balkans&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot31.html" rel="tag"&gt;Bosnia and Herzegovina&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot199.html" rel="tag"&gt;Serbie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot49.html" rel="tag"&gt;Turkey&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot192.html" rel="tag"&gt;S&#233;n&#233;gal&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot23.html" rel="tag"&gt;Mauritania&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot184.html" rel="tag"&gt;Morocco&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L146xH150/affiche_finale_web_low_rvb_1_-_copie-2-e0af4.jpg?1787818270' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='146' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Migreurop is a partner of the film &#034;THE FORTRESS&#034;, written and directed by Romain Kosellek, an individual member of the network.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Documentary, 106 minutes&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
France, 2026&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Director: Romain Kosellek&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Production: L'image d'apr&#232;s, Nakama Films&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Film website: &lt;a href=&#034;https://thefortress-lefilm.work&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://thefortress-lefilm.work&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6148 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;a href='http://migreurop.org/IMG/jpg/the_fortress_lidap_nakama_3.jpg' class=&#034;spip_doc_lien mediabox&#034; type=&#034;image/jpeg&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH209/the_fortress_lidap_nakama_3-97ae1.jpg?1787817993' width='500' height='209' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Synopsis: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;In the border regions of the European Union, the Exile moves from country to country in search of stability. Between attempts, he talks with his fellow travelers about their experiences: the locations of squats, areas that are more or less under control, smugglers' fees&#8230; Around him, landscapes and faces come and go. His journey constantly takes unexpected turns, slowed down by barriers, drones, patrols, and other checkpoints that dot the route.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;The Exile entrusted his story to a volunteer with an NGO assisting migrants at the French-British border. She, in turn, shares his story with us. Between Istanbul, Dakar, Grande-Synthe, and Subotica, a shifting geography takes shape: that of solidarity on the roads of exile and their dead ends as they wind through the fortress that the European Union is gradually building.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trailer:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&#034;spip_document_6146 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_video spip_documents_center spip_document_center ressource oembed oembed_video oembed_video oembed_vimeo&#034; &gt; &lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;oembed oe-video async clearfix center&#034; style=&#034;max-width:600px;&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;rwd-video-container oe-play-button&#034; style=&#034;width:100%;height:0;padding-bottom:41.83%;background-image:url('IMG/jpg/affiche_finale_web_low_rvb_1_-2.jpg?1787737518');background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center;background-size:cover;&#034; data-content=&#034;%3Ciframe%20src%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fplayer.vimeo.com%2Fvideo%2F786283715%3Fdnt%3D1%26app_id%3D122963%26autoplay%3D1%22%20width%3D%22600%22%20height%3D%22251%22%20frameborder%3D%220%22%20allow%3D%22autoplay%3B%20fullscreen%3B%20picture-in-picture%3B%20clipboard-write%3B%20encrypted-media%3B%20web-share%22%20referrerpolicy%3D%22strict-origin-when-cross-origin%22%20title%3D%22The%20Fortress%2C%20un%20film%20de%20Romain%20Kosellek%20%2F%20Bande-annonce%22%3E%3C%2Fiframe%3E&#034;&gt; &lt;button&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;oe-play-button_label&#034;&gt;Play&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;style&gt;&lt;!--/**/.oe-video .loading {background-image:url(&#034;prive/themes/spip/images/searching.gif&#034;)!important;background-size:auto !important;}/**/--&gt;&lt;/style&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; &lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://vimeo.com/786283715&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;The Fortress, un film de Romain Kosellek / Bande-annonce&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_credits '&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://vimeo.com/limagedapres&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'image d'apr&#232;s&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;base64javascript11107422016ad049b6bea363.53726749&#034; title=&#034;PHNjcmlwdD5qUXVlcnkoZnVuY3Rpb24oKXsgalF1ZXJ5KCcub2VtYmVkLm9lLXZpZGVvLmFzeW5jJykubm90KCcuZG9uZScpLmFkZENsYXNzKCdkb25lJykub24oJ2NsaWNrJywgJy5vZS1wbGF5LWJ1dHRvbicsZnVuY3Rpb24oZSl7dmFyICRtZSA9IGpRdWVyeSh0aGlzKSxjb250ZW50ID0gZGVjb2RlVVJJQ29tcG9uZW50KCRtZS5kYXRhKCdjb250ZW50JykpOyRtZS5yZW1vdmVDbGFzcygnb2UtcGxheS1idXR0b24nKS5hZGRDbGFzcygnbG9hZGluZycpLmh0bWwoY29udGVudCk7fSl9KTwvc2NyaXB0Pg==&#034;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In this film, the &#8220;fortress&#8221; is Europe, which several exiles attempt to reach via different routes, where they face the violence of migration policies and the consequences of the externalization of European borders. The film travels through various border regions: Turkey, Greece, the Balkans, then Senegal, Mauritania, and Morocco.&lt;strong&gt; This broad-scale view of the militarization of the EU's borders is what makes the film unique and powerful; its decentralized, critical approach&#8212;centered on the lived experiences of migrants&#8212;mirrors that of the Migreurop atlases.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This film was the result of a collective effort supported by several members of the network&lt;/strong&gt;. It notably features maps by &lt;strong&gt;Lucie Bacon, &lt;/strong&gt; an individual member and cartographer with Migreurop. Other members contributed to the film's production through their advice or contacts, and the &lt;strong&gt;AMSV&lt;/strong&gt;, a Moroccan association and member of the network, represented by Hassane Amari, also appears in the film.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#128467;&#65039;The preview screening will take place on &lt;strong&gt;September 14th, 2026 in Paris&lt;/strong&gt;, at la SCAM (5 avenue V&#233;lasquez, 75008), at 6.30 pm (screening in French).&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
(Reservations required: &lt;a href=&#034;https://thefortress-lefilm.work/contact&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;find here the contact adress&lt;/a&gt; to make a reservation).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6153 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;a href='http://migreurop.org/IMG/jpg/affiche_finale_web_rvb-2.jpg' class=&#034;spip_doc_lien mediabox&#034; type=&#034;image/jpeg&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH707/affiche_finale_web_rvb-2-4371e.jpg?1787818271' width='500' height='707' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>&#034;THE FORTRESS&#034;, un documentaire sur l'externalisation des fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes</title>
		<link>http://migreurop.org/article3618.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://migreurop.org/article3618.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-08-27T08:06:07Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Sarah Bachellerie</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Militarisation des fronti&#232;res</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Balkans</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Serbie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Gr&#232;ce</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Turquie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>S&#233;n&#233;gal</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Mauritanie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Maroc</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Migreurop est partenaire du film THE FORTRESS, &#233;crit et r&#233;alis&#233; par Romain Kosellek, membre individuel du r&#233;seau. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; Documentaire, 106 minutes France, 2026 R&#233;alisation : Romain Kosellek Production : L'image d'apr&#232;s, Nakama films Site web du film : https://thefortress-lefilm.work &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Synopsis : &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Dans les zones fronti&#232;res de l'Union europ&#233;enne, l'Exil&#233; passe de pays en pays &#224; la recherche de stabilit&#233;. Entre deux tentatives, il &#233;change avec ses compagnons de route sur leurs exp&#233;riences : (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/rubrique469.html" rel="directory"&gt;Films partenaires&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot174.html" rel="tag"&gt;Militarisation des fronti&#232;res&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot181.html" rel="tag"&gt;Balkans&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot31.html" rel="tag"&gt;Bosnie-Herz&#233;govine&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot199.html" rel="tag"&gt;Serbie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot49.html" rel="tag"&gt;Turquie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot192.html" rel="tag"&gt;S&#233;n&#233;gal&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot23.html" rel="tag"&gt;Mauritanie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot184.html" rel="tag"&gt;Maroc&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L146xH150/affiche_finale_web_low_rvb_1_-_copie-af641.jpg?1787818208' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='146' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Migreurop est partenaire du film THE FORTRESS, &#233;crit et r&#233;alis&#233; par Romain Kosellek, membre individuel du r&#233;seau.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Documentaire, 106 minutes&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
France, 2026&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
R&#233;alisation : Romain Kosellek&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Production : L'image d'apr&#232;s, Nakama films&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Site web du film : &lt;a href=&#034;https://thefortress-lefilm.work&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://thefortress-lefilm.work&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6148 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;a href='http://migreurop.org/IMG/jpg/the_fortress_lidap_nakama_3.jpg' class=&#034;spip_doc_lien mediabox&#034; type=&#034;image/jpeg&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH209/the_fortress_lidap_nakama_3-97ae1.jpg?1787817993' width='500' height='209' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Synopsis : &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Dans les zones fronti&#232;res de l'Union europ&#233;enne, l'Exil&#233; passe de pays en pays &#224; la recherche de stabilit&#233;. Entre deux tentatives, il &#233;change avec ses compagnons de route sur leurs exp&#233;riences : l'emplacement des squats libres, les zones plus ou moins contr&#244;l&#233;es, les tarifs des passeurs ... Autour de lui, les paysages et les visages se succ&#232;dent. Son trajet bifurque sans cesse, ralenti par les barri&#232;res, les drones, les patrouilles et les autres dispositifs de contr&#244;le qui jalonnent la route.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;L'Exil&#233; a confi&#233; son r&#233;cit &#224; une volontaire d'ONG d'aide aux personnes migrantes &#224; la fronti&#232;re franco-britannique. Elle nous transmet &#224; son tour son histoire. Entre Istanbul, Dakar, Grande-Synthe et Subotica se dessine une g&#233;ographie mouvante : celle des solidarit&#233;s sur les routes de l'exil et de leurs impasses &#224; travers la forteresse que construit peu &#224; peu l'Union europ&#233;enne.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bande-annonce :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&#034;spip_document_6146 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_video spip_documents_center spip_document_center ressource oembed oembed_video oembed_video oembed_vimeo&#034; &gt; &lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;oembed oe-video async clearfix center&#034; style=&#034;max-width:600px;&#034;&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;rwd-video-container oe-play-button&#034; style=&#034;width:100%;height:0;padding-bottom:41.83%;background-image:url('IMG/jpg/affiche_finale_web_low_rvb_1_-2.jpg?1787737518');background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center;background-size:cover;&#034; data-content=&#034;%3Ciframe%20src%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fplayer.vimeo.com%2Fvideo%2F786283715%3Fdnt%3D1%26app_id%3D122963%26autoplay%3D1%22%20width%3D%22600%22%20height%3D%22251%22%20frameborder%3D%220%22%20allow%3D%22autoplay%3B%20fullscreen%3B%20picture-in-picture%3B%20clipboard-write%3B%20encrypted-media%3B%20web-share%22%20referrerpolicy%3D%22strict-origin-when-cross-origin%22%20title%3D%22The%20Fortress%2C%20un%20film%20de%20Romain%20Kosellek%20%2F%20Bande-annonce%22%3E%3C%2Fiframe%3E&#034;&gt; &lt;button&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;oe-play-button_label&#034;&gt;Lecture&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;style&gt;&lt;!--/**/.oe-video .loading {background-image:url(&#034;prive/themes/spip/images/searching.gif&#034;)!important;background-size:auto !important;}/**/--&gt;&lt;/style&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; &lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://vimeo.com/786283715&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;The Fortress, un film de Romain Kosellek / Bande-annonce&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_credits '&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://vimeo.com/limagedapres&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'image d'apr&#232;s&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt; &lt;div class=&#034;base64javascript13854446376ad04d90a2a485.26957415&#034; title=&#034;PHNjcmlwdD5qUXVlcnkoZnVuY3Rpb24oKXsgalF1ZXJ5KCcub2VtYmVkLm9lLXZpZGVvLmFzeW5jJykubm90KCcuZG9uZScpLmFkZENsYXNzKCdkb25lJykub24oJ2NsaWNrJywgJy5vZS1wbGF5LWJ1dHRvbicsZnVuY3Rpb24oZSl7dmFyICRtZSA9IGpRdWVyeSh0aGlzKSxjb250ZW50ID0gZGVjb2RlVVJJQ29tcG9uZW50KCRtZS5kYXRhKCdjb250ZW50JykpOyRtZS5yZW1vdmVDbGFzcygnb2UtcGxheS1idXR0b24nKS5hZGRDbGFzcygnbG9hZGluZycpLmh0bWwoY29udGVudCk7fSl9KTwvc2NyaXB0Pg==&#034;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dans ce film, la &#034;forteresse&#034; est l'Europe, que plusieurs personnes exil&#233;es tentent d'atteindre par diff&#233;rentes routes, o&#249; elles sont confront&#233;es &#224; la violence des politiques migratoires et aux cons&#233;quences de l'externalisation des fronti&#232;res europ&#233;ennes. Le film voyage entre diff&#233;rentes zones frontali&#232;re : la Turquie, la Gr&#232;ce, les Balkans, puis le S&#233;n&#233;gal, la Mauritanie et la Maroc.&lt;strong&gt; Cette vision &#224; grande &#233;chelle de la militarisation des fronti&#232;res de l'UE fait l'originalit&#233; et la force du film, dont l'approche d&#233;centralis&#233;e, critique et centr&#233;e sur l'exp&#233;rience v&#233;cue des personnes migrantes, refl&#232;te celle des atlas de Migreurop.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ce film a &#233;t&#233; le fruit d'une dynamique collective accompagn&#233;e par plusieurs membres du r&#233;seau&lt;/strong&gt;. On y trouve notamment des cartes de &lt;strong&gt;Lucie Bacon, &lt;/strong&gt; membre individuelle et cartographe de Migreurop. D'autres membres ont particip&#233;, par leurs conseils ou leurs contacts, &#224; la production du film, et on y voit appara&#238;tre l'&lt;strong&gt;AMSV&lt;/strong&gt;, association marocaine membre du r&#233;seau, repr&#233;sent&#233;e par Hassane Amari.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#128467;&#65039;L'avant-premi&#232;re aura lieu le &lt;strong&gt;14 septembre 2026 &#224; Paris&lt;/strong&gt;, &#224; la SCAM (5 avenue V&#233;lasquez, 75008), &#224; 18h30 &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
(entr&#233;e sur r&#233;servation : &lt;a href=&#034;https://thefortress-lefilm.work/contact&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;voir ici l'adresse de contact&lt;/a&gt; pour r&#233;server).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_6152 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_center spip_document_center'&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;a href='http://migreurop.org/IMG/jpg/affiche_finale_web_rvb.jpg' class=&#034;spip_doc_lien mediabox&#034; type=&#034;image/jpeg&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH707/affiche_finale_web_rvb-f0059.jpg?1787818621' width='500' height='707' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>D&#233;construire le mythe des pays &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; dans la politique de retour de l'UE</title>
		<link>http://migreurop.org/article3432.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://migreurop.org/article3432.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-06-20T12:49:51Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Egypte</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Turquie</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Politiques migratoires</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;&#192; l'occasion de la Journ&#233;e mondiale des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e&#183;s, le 20 juin, EuroMed Droits publie trois fiches d'information mettant en lumi&#232;re les conditions alarmantes en &#201;gypte, en Tunisie et en Turquie, o&#249; la s&#233;curit&#233; et les droits des citoyen&#183;ne&#183;s et des personnes en migration sont gravement menac&#233;s. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
En cette journ&#233;e symbolique, nous saluons et rendons hommage &#224; la r&#233;silience de toutes les personnes contraintes de fuir leur pays, leur famille, leur environnement, pour &#233;chapper aux conflits, &#224; la (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/rubrique471.html" rel="directory"&gt;Actions collectives&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot193.html" rel="tag"&gt;Egypte&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot49.html" rel="tag"&gt;Turquie&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Politiques migratoires&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot204.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH104/design_sans_titre_15_-54ee1.png?1750413829' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='104' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&#192; l'occasion de la Journ&#233;e mondiale des r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;e&#183;s, le 20 juin, &lt;a href=&#034;https://euromedrights.org/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;EuroMed Droits&lt;/a&gt; publie trois fiches d'information mettant en lumi&#232;re les conditions alarmantes en &#201;gypte, en Tunisie et en Turquie, o&#249; la s&#233;curit&#233; et les droits des citoyen&#183;ne&#183;s et des personnes en migration&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
sont gravement menac&#233;s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En cette journ&#233;e symbolique, nous saluons et rendons hommage &#224; la r&#233;silience de toutes les personnes contraintes de fuir leur pays, leur famille, leur environnement, pour &#233;chapper aux conflits, &#224; la pr&#233;carit&#233;, aux pers&#233;cutions politiques ou aux catastrophes climatiques. Mais cette solidarit&#233; ne se r&#233;duit pas &#224; une seule date. Elle doit &#234;tre constante, active et concr&#232;te.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La &lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52025PC0186&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;proposition l&#233;gislative&lt;/a&gt; de la Commission europ&#233;enne, en avril dernier, d'inscrire l'&#201;gypte, la Tunisie et la Turquie sur la liste des &#171; pays d'origine s&#251;rs &#187; constitue une grave menace pour les droits des personnes exil&#233;es. Elle ouvre la voie &#224; des proc&#233;dures d'asile acc&#233;l&#233;r&#233;es pour les ressortissant&#183;e&#183;s de ces pays, aux fronti&#232;res ou dans les zones de transit, qui limitent les garanties proc&#233;durales et imposent une charge de la preuve plus &#233;lev&#233;e aux demandeur&#183;euse&#183;s pour r&#233;futer la pr&#233;somption de s&#233;curit&#233;. Dans le m&#234;me ordre d'id&#233;es, la Commission propose une &lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52025PC0259&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;r&#233;vision du concept de &#171; pays tiers s&#251;r &#187;&lt;/a&gt;. Si ces modifications l&#233;gislatives propos&#233;es sont mises en &#339;uvre, les personnes en migration pourraient alors &#234;tre expuls&#233;es vers des pays o&#249; elles ont simplement transit&#233;, ou m&#234;me o&#249; elles n'ont jamais mis les pieds, &#224; condition qu'il existe un accord, m&#234;me informel, acceptant le pays en question &#224; &#233;valuer les demandes de protection. Les recours contre ces d&#233;cisions de retour n'auront plus d'effet suspensif automatique. Dans l'ensemble, ces mesures augmentent le risque d'expulsion sans une &#233;valuation compl&#232;te, individuelle et significative des demandes d'asile ou des mesures de protection.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour d&#233;noncer ces derni&#232;res propositions anti-immigration et criminalisantes, EuroMed Droits, en partenariat avec l'&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amdh.org.ma/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Association Marocaine des Droits Humains (AMDH)&lt;/a&gt;, l'&lt;a href=&#034;https://atfd-tunisie.org/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Association Tunisienne des Femmes D&#233;mocrates (ATFD)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.arci.it/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;ARCI&lt;/a&gt;, le &lt;a href=&#034;https://cihrs.org/?lang=en&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Cairo Institute for Human Rights (CIHRS)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cncd.be/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;CNCD-11.11.11&lt;/a&gt;, le &lt;a href=&#034;https://gcr.gr/en/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Conseil grec pour les r&#233;fugi&#233;s (GCR)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ihd.org.tr/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#304;nsan Haklar&#305; Derne&#287;i (IHD)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lacimade.org/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La Cimade&lt;/a&gt;, la &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ldh-france.org/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Ligue des droits de l'Homme (LDH)&lt;/a&gt;, Migreurop, l'&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.omct.org/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;OMCT&lt;/a&gt; et &lt;a href=&#034;https://rpegy.org/en/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Refugees Platform in Egypt&lt;/a&gt;, publie trois fiches d'information sp&#233;cifiques &#224; chaque pays documentant les violences et les violations des droits de l'homme subies en &#201;gypte, en Tunisie et en Turquie. Alors que la Commission propose de les d&#233;signer comme &#171; s&#251;rs &#187; sur le papier, nous d&#233;montrons comment ces pays bafouent les droits et sont, en r&#233;alit&#233;, dangereux tant pour leurs citoyen&#183;ne&#183;s que pour les personnes en migration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Face &#224; cette r&#233;alit&#233;, EuroMed Droits, ses membres et ses partenaires, r&#233;affirment leur ferme opposition au concepts de &#171; pays d'origine s&#251;rs &#187; et de &#171; pays tiers s&#251;rs &#187;, qui vont &#224; l'encontre des droits fondamentaux et des valeurs proclam&#233;s et pr&#233;tendument d&#233;fendus par l'Union europ&#233;enne. Si l'UE veut vraiment d&#233;fendre les droits de l'Homme, elle doit renoncer &#224; des politiques attentatoires aux droits, mortif&#232;res et discriminatoires, qu'il s'agisse d'une liste de &#171; pays s&#251;rs &#187;, de concepts erron&#233;s de &#171; s&#233;curit&#233; &#187; ou de tout instrument visant &#224; externaliser ses responsabilit&#233;s en mati&#232;re de protection internationale.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_5384 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_left spip_document_left spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;24&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='http://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/egypt-infosheet-fr.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 6.7 Mio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH334/flag_of_egypt-2.svg-9295f.png?1750413830' width='500' height='334' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fiche info &#201;GYPTE (FR)
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class='spip_document_5386 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_right spip_document_right spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;25&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='http://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/turkey-infosheet-fr.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 6.3 Mio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH333/flag_of_turkey-2.svg-e8254.png?1750413830' width='500' height='333' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fiche info TURQUIE (FR)
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class='spip_document_5385 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;25&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='http://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/tunisia-infosheet-fr.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 9.6 Mio' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH333/flag_of_tunisia-2.svg-d8a37.png?1750413830' width='500' height='333' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fiche info TUNISIE (FR)
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Exposing the myth of &#171; safe &#187; countries in EU Return Policy</title>
		<link>http://migreurop.org/article3433.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://migreurop.org/article3433.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-06-20T12:49:48Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Camille</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Turkey</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Tunisia</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Egypte</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;On the occasion of the World Refugee Day, on 20 June, EuroMed Rights is publishing three fact-sheets highlighting the alarming conditions in Egypt, Tunisia, and Turkey, where the security and rights of citizens and people on the move alike are under serious threat. On this symbolic day, we salute and pay tribute to the resilience of all those forced to flee their country, their family, their environment, to escape conflicts, precariousness, political persecution, or climate disasters. But (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/rubrique471.html" rel="directory"&gt;Collective actions&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot49.html" rel="tag"&gt;Turkey&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot187.html" rel="tag"&gt;Tunisia&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot193.html" rel="tag"&gt;Egypte&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot204.html" rel="tag"&gt;Pacte europ&#233;en sur la migration et l'asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH104/design_sans_titre_15_-2-7437e.png?1750413829' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='104' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;On the occasion of the World Refugee Day, on 20 June, &lt;a href=&#034;https://euromedrights.org/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;EuroMed Rights&lt;/a&gt; is publishing three fact-sheets highlighting the alarming conditions in Egypt, Tunisia, and Turkey, where the security and rights of citizens and people on the move alike are under serious threat. On this symbolic day, we salute and pay tribute to the resilience of all those forced to flee their country, their family, their environment, to escape conflicts, precariousness, political persecution, or climate disasters. But this solidarity cannot be reduced to a single date. It must be constant, active, and concrete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The European Commission's &lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52025PC0186&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;legislative proposal&lt;/a&gt;, last April, to list Egypt, Tunisia, and Turkey as &#034;safe countries of origin&#034; poses a serious threat to the rights of people on the move. It paves the way for fast-tracked asylum procedures for nationals of these countries, often at border or transit zones, that lead to limited procedural safeguards and impose a higher burden of proof on applicants to refute the presumption of safety. In line with this, the Commission is proposing a &lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52025PC0259&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;revision of the &#8220;safe third country&#8221; concept&lt;/a&gt;. If these proposed legislative changes are implemented, people on the move could then be deported to countries where they have simply transited, or never even stayed at all, as long as there is an agreement, even an informal one, obliging the country in question to assess protection and asylum claims. Appeals against these return decisions will no longer have an automatic suspensive effect. All together, these measures increase the risk of deportation without a full, individual, and meaningful assessment of asylum claims or protection measures.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To denounce these latest anti-immigration and criminalizing proposals, EuroMed Rights, in partnership with the &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amdh.org.ma/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Association Marocaine des Droits Humains (AMDH)&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href=&#034;https://atfd-tunisie.org/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Association Tunisienne des Femmes D&#233;mocrates (ATFD)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.arci.it/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;ARCI&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href=&#034;https://cihrs.org/?lang=en&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Cairo Institute for Human Rights (CIHRS)&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.cncd.be/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;CNCD-11.11.11&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a href=&#034;https://gcr.gr/en/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Greek Council for Refugees (GCR)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ihd.org.tr/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#304;nsan Haklar&#305; Derne&#287;i (IHD)&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lacimade.org/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;La Cimade&lt;/a&gt;, the&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.ldh-france.org/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Ligue des droits de l'Homme (LDH)&lt;/a&gt;, Migreurop, &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.omct.org/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;OMCT&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&#034;https://rpegy.org/en/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Refugees Platform in Egypt&lt;/a&gt;, publish three country-specific fact sheets documenting violence and human rights violations suffered in Egypt, Tunisia, and Turkey. While the Commission proposes to designate them as &#8220;safe&#8221; on paper, we show how these countries violate rights and are, in reality, unsafe for their citizens and people on the move alike.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Faced with this reality, EuroMed Rights and its members and partners reaffirm their firm opposition to the notions of &#034;safe countries of origin&#034; and &#034;safe third countries,&#034; which run counter to the fundamental rights and values proclaimed and supposedly defended by the European Union. If the EU is serious about defending human rights, it must renounce policies that violate rights, are dangerous and discriminatory, whether it be a&lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
list of &#034;safe countries&#034;, flawed concepts of &#034;safety&#8221;, or any instrument aimed at externalizing its responsibilities for international protection.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_document_5378 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_left spip_document_left spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;22&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='http://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/egypt-infosheet-en.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 6.7 MiB' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH334/flag_of_egypt.svg-53912.png?1750413829' width='500' height='334' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Infosheet EGYPT (EN)
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class='spip_document_5380 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_right spip_document_right spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;23&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='http://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/turkey-infosheet-en.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 6.3 MiB' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH333/flag_of_turkey.svg-8780a.png?1750413829' width='500' height='333' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Infosheet TURKEY (EN)
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class='spip_document_5379 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_file spip_documents_center spip_document_center spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;24&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt;
&lt;a href='http://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/tunisia-infosheet-en.pdf' class=&#034; spip_doc_lien&#034; title='PDF - 9.7 MiB' type=&#034;application/pdf&#034;&gt;&lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L500xH333/flag_of_tunisia.svg-b984c.png?1750413829' width='500' height='333' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Infosheet TUNISIA (EN)
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Greece must revoke the decision to consider Turkey a safe country</title>
		<link>http://migreurop.org/article3132.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://migreurop.org/article3132.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2022-05-17T10:32:00Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Greece</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Turkey</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Asile</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Migration policies </dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;To end the obstacles to seeking asylum in Europe, Greece must repeal the decision to consider Turkey a safe country! &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt; Sign the petition: https://www.change.org/p/greece-mus... &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
On 18th March 2016, the European Union made a Deal with Turkey, which established that Syrian people fleeing the war in their country who arrived on the Greek islands, would face an &#8220;admissibility procedure&#8221; - the Deal's aim was to return people to Turkey, instead of examining their asylum applications in Europe. (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/rubrique471.html" rel="directory"&gt;Collective actions&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot49.html" rel="tag"&gt;Turkey&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot203.html" rel="tag"&gt;Asile&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot194.html" rel="tag"&gt;Migration policies &lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;&lt;p&gt;To end the obstacles to seeking asylum in Europe, Greece must repeal the decision to consider Turkey a safe country!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Sign the petition: &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.change.org/p/greece-must-revoke-the-decision-to-consider-turkey-a-safe-country&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://www.change.org/p/greece-mus...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On 18th March 2016, the European Union made a Deal with Turkey, which established that Syrian people fleeing the war in their country who arrived on the Greek islands, would face an &#8220;&lt;a href=&#034;https://asylumineurope.org/reports/country/greece/asylum-procedure/procedures/admissibility-procedure/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;admissibility procedure&lt;/a&gt;&#8221; - the Deal's aim was to return people to Turkey, instead of examining their asylum applications in Europe.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&#034;https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/detail?ref=COM(2016)166&amp;lang=en&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;European Commission&lt;/a&gt; noted the discriminatory effects of this controversial measure - limiting the right to seek asylum - but considered they were justified by the specific extraordinary circumstances and the Deal's temporary nature.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Five years later, despite arrivals of people claiming asylum in Greece dramatically decreasing, the Greek government extended this unlawful and unfair concept of &#8220;admissibility&#8221;. On &lt;a href=&#034;https://migration.gov.gr/en/asfali-triti-chora-charaktirizei-gia-proti-fora-i-elliniki-nomothesia-tin-toyrkia-afora-aitoyntes-asylo-apo-syria-afganistan-pakistan-mpagklantes-kai-somalia/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;7th June 2021&lt;/a&gt;, the Greek government decided to declare that Turkey is a safe third country for people seeking asylum from Afghanistan, Somalia, Pakistan and Bangladesh, in addition to Syrians.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;People of these nationalities are now subject to the new admissibility procedure, irrespective of their vulnerability and notwithstanding how long they have been in Greece. The procedure is instigated with a view to returning the person to Turkey, before their reasons for fleeing their country and claiming asylum are ever heard.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#034;I really do not understand. In my country I was working as humanitarian, for this reason terrorists wanted to kill me. I tried to stay but then they killed my friend, and I realised I had no choice. I came to Greece to seek international protection, but as per now - almost one year after my arrival - no one asked me why I left my country. Greece only asked me about the days I spent in Turkey. I told them that Turkish authorities put me in detention with no food and water and then they said that if I wanted to go out I had to sign a paper. This paper was allowing my deportation to Somalia. Unfortunately I had no choice. I signed it, then I fled Turkey and came to Greece. I only want a safe place, and my claim to be examined.&#034;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;[1] Quotes are from people affected by the JMD, anonymised for protection (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We instigate this petition one year after the Greek government's Joint Ministerial Decision (JMD). We call for its revocation, given it is &lt;a href=&#034;https://rsaegean.org/en/turkey-a-safe-third-country-greek-council-of-state/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;unlawful&lt;/a&gt;, inhumane and unworkable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UNLAWFUL: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Contrary to legal requirements, the Greek government's decision to declare Turkey safe for these nationalities, has &lt;a href=&#034;https://equal-rights.org/en/news/press-release-opinion-stc/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;no basis&lt;/a&gt;. It is arbitrary and unlawful&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;[2] By designating Turkey as a safe country for the above-mentioned (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; The only report upon which this decision is based, contradicts the Greek government's intentions, demonstrating that Turkey is in fact not safe. This&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hias.org/sites/default/files/greece_doc_save.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Opinion&lt;/a&gt; was made public by the Greek Asylum Service only after legal action was taken, to force transparency. It should be noted that &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gcr.gr/el/news/press-releases-announcements/item/1922-ekdikastike-enopion-tou-ste-i-aitisi-akyrosis-tis-apofasis-me-tin-opoia-i-tourkia-xaraktiristike-asfalis-triti-xora&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;an application for the annulment&lt;/a&gt; of said JMD was submitted before the Greek Council of State and its examination was discussed on 11th March 2022. The decision is still pending.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#034;It was early in the morning, I got a call from the Greek Asylum office, they told me your interview is next week on Monday. But they didn't tell me which interview. I passed the days stressing and looking for a lawyer. Despite all my efforts, I couldn't find a lawyer in Athens to come with me. I found a lawyer on Friday, just 3 days before the interview but not in Athens, in Chios over the phone - they told me that I wouldn't be able to talk about Afghanistan in the interview.&#034;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; INHUMANE: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Turkey is not a safe country for people seeking asylum, who are in need of protection. Indeed, Turkey &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.coe.int/en/web/istanbul-convention/turkey&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;withdrew&lt;/a&gt; last year, from the 2014 Istanbul Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence. Turkey is &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.asyluminsight.com/refugees-convention&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;not a signatory&lt;/a&gt;of the 1967 Protocol hence does not guarantee full protection as per the 1951 Geneva Convention. Turkey &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.refworld.org/docid/5167fbb20.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;derogates&lt;/a&gt; from the principle of non-refoulement, admitting that they deport people seeking asylum to countries where they could face torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/turkey-hundreds-syrian-refugees-tricked-or-forced-returning-syria-new-report&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Hundreds of thousands&lt;/a&gt;of Syrian people have returned to Syria from Turkey, apparently voluntarily. Turkey systematically &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/09/13/turkey-defies-european-court&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;persecuted&lt;/a&gt; ethnic and religious minorities, members of the LGBTQI+ community, political opponents, and human rights defenders. In addition, Turkey's &lt;a href=&#034;https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/turkiye-report-2021_en&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;non-independent judicial system&lt;/a&gt; is incompatible with European and international standards.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#034;The Greek Asylum Service interviewed me for seven hours because I passed through Turkey for 3 nights. I had to live like a street dog those nights in Turkey, and I saw that even dogs aren't safe there. Still the Greek authorities decided I should go back there and I can't continue with my claim for asylum in Greece.&#034;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;UNWORKABLE:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Furthermore Turkey has not accepted the return of anyone from Greece since March 2020&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;[3] European Commission, Turkey Report 2021, SWD(2021) 290, 19th October (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; and recently &lt;a href=&#034;https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=COM:2022:243:FIN&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;requested Greece to revoke its decision to consider Turkey a safe third country&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-10/Turkey%202021%20report.PDF&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://neighbourhood-enlargement.e...&lt;/a&gt;. In practice, despite the new barrier to asylum, people are kept in limbo - creating delays, suffering, risks of exploitation, pushbacks and lack of access to basic services such as healthcare.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#034;The Greek government are playing with refugees like a ball - they want to throw me back and forth, through the seas, forests and mountains that I had to pass to reach safety here.&#034;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;We call on the Greek government to revoke their Joint Ministerial Decision of 7th June 2021. Turkey is not a safe country and people's asylum claims should be properly processed in a fair and lawful manner.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;List of signatories attached&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;[1] Quotes are from people affected by the JMD, anonymised for protection purposes&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;[2] By designating Turkey as a safe country for the above-mentioned nationalities without any legal and reliable grounds, nor any individual and actualised assessment, the Joint Ministerial Decision from 07th June 2021 constitutes a breach of EU law.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;[3] European Commission, Turkey Report 2021, SWD(2021) 290, 19th October 2021 (available &lt;a href=&#034;https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-10/Turkey%202021%20report.PDF&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;): &#8220;Turkey continued to refuse to resume the readmission of returnees from the Greek islands, interrupted in March 2020, citing COVID-19 restrictions despite the European Commission's repeated requests to fully implement all the provisions of the EU-Turkey Statement.&#8221;; Letter to the European Commissioner for Home Affairs Ylva Johansson, 08th March 2022 (available &lt;a href=&#034;https://rsaegean.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/CSO_Letter_CION_STC.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
		<enclosure url="http://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/list_of_co-signatories.pdf" length="349158" type="application/pdf" />
		
		<enclosure url="http://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/greece_must_revoke_the_decision_to_consider_turkey_a_safe_country.pdf" length="633272" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Samos hotspot : inferno at the Greece-Turkey border</title>
		<link>http://migreurop.org/article3009.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://migreurop.org/article3009.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2020-10-08T09:08:08Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Greece</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Hotspot</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Turkey</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;On Friday 28th February 2020, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan decided unilaterally to suspend the EU-Turkey deal of 2016, which, over the past four years, transformed five Greek islands in the Aegean sea into open prisons for migrants, the infamous &#8216;hotspots'. Already, Turkey had repeatedly used this agreement as a blackmailing device, threatening to re-open its borders with the EU. Finally, this threat was carried out in response to criticism from European leaders following a Turkish (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/rubrique459.html" rel="directory"&gt;Reports&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot167.html" rel="tag"&gt;Hotspot&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot49.html" rel="tag"&gt;Turkey&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH125/arton3009-f76f8.jpg?1717785885' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='125' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;On Friday 28th February 2020, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan decided unilaterally to suspend the EU-Turkey deal of 2016, which, over the past four years, transformed five Greek islands in the Aegean sea into open prisons for migrants, the infamous &#8216;hotspots'. Already, Turkey had repeatedly used this agreement as a blackmailing device, threatening to re-open its borders with the EU. Finally, this threat was carried out in response to criticism from European leaders following a Turkish invasion of Syria and the loss of thirty Turkish soldiers in a Russian bombing. Following this, thousands of exiles, most of them traveling in buses chartered by the Turkish authorities, rushed to the land and sea borders, facing heavy violence from the police and Greek army which had been deployed immediately to prevent people crossing the border.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Under the guise of &#8216;protecting Europe's borders',&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Tweet from Charles Michel-https://twitter.com/eucopresident/s..., President (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; the Greece-Turkey border has become the scene of numerous human rights violations, including gross violations of personal dignity, physical integrity, and the right to life. Violence at the land and sea borders has reached a peak.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Videos on the situation of violence against exiles at the Greek-Turkish border.&#034; id=&#034;nh2-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; By refusing entry to European territory for people seeking asylum, and by suspending the registration of asylum requests, Greece, with the support of the EU which sent the European Frontex agency as reinforcement, rides roughshod over the principle of non-refoulement, cornerstone of the Geneva Convention. As noted by the United Nations Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial executions, denouncing &#034;a situation of absolute lawlessness&#034;, &#034;Greece plays a role as cruel as that played by Turkey or the rest of the European states, because the crisis is (...) rooted in the lack of vision and courage of European leaders&#8221;.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Mediapart, 3rd March 2020, &#171;R&#233;fugi&#233;s : la Gr&#232;ce est dans une situation de (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Since March 2020, a new catastrophe has struck the Greek hotspots. In addition to the intolerable overcrowding, lack of food and sanitary infrastructures (drinking water, showers, toilets), inadequate accommodation in tents (which has resulted in several deaths each year due to hypothermia), and to the frequent fires which ravage the island camps, the threat of Covid-19 has been added to this deadly mix. On 22nd March 2020, Greek authorities announced mandatory confinement of people living in migrant camps, including the hotspots. Given that levels of overcrowding make preventing spread of the virus virtually impossible in these sites, such measures can only serve to deliberately expose camp residents to a serious and imminent threat of infection.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Migreurop, 3rd April 2020, &#171; From the &#171; war against the virus &#187; to the war (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This report exposes the humanitarian crisis and situation of lawlessness which already existed for people seeking asylum trapped on Samos at the end of 2019, thus pre-dating the collapse of the EU-Turkey deal and Covid-19 pandemic. At the time of publication, the present reality serves only to reaffirm how the &#8216;hotspot approach', feted by the European Commission as the solution to putting an end to the so-called &#8216;migrant crisis', has instead &#8216;created a monster'.&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb2-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;La Cimade, 3rd March 2020, &#171; Fronti&#232;re Gr&#232;ce-Turquie : de l'approche hotspot (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh2-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr class=&#034;spip&#034; /&gt;
&lt;p&gt; Download the report &#034;Samos hostpot : inferno at the Greece-Turkey border&#034; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/IMG/pdf/report_samos_2020.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Listen to the Radioparleur program, 27th November 2019 &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://radioparleur.net/2019/11/27/lile-grecque-de-samos-prison-a-ciel-ouvert-pour-les-exiles/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'&#238;le grecque de Samos, prison &#224; ciel ouvert pour les exil&#233;s&lt;/a&gt; &#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; See also &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?rubrique1149&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;the hotspots page&lt;/a&gt; on the website of the Gisti (FR).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Tweet from Charles Michel-&lt;a href=&#034;https://twitter.com/eucopresident/status/1234188948735430656&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://twitter.com/eucopresident/s...&lt;/a&gt;, President of the European Council, 1st March 2020.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?article6368&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Videos on the situation of violence against exiles at the Greek-Turkish border&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Mediapart, 3rd March 2020, &#171;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/030320/refugies-la-grece-est-dans-une-situation-de-non-droit-absolu?onglet=full&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;R&#233;fugi&#233;s : la Gr&#232;ce est dans une situation de non-droit absolu&lt;/a&gt; &#187; .&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Migreurop, 3rd April 2020, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;http://www.migreurop.org/article2974.html?lang=en&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;From the &#171; war against the virus &#187; to the war against exiles: security responses to Covid-19 exacerbate violence at borders&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb2-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh2-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 2-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;La Cimade, 3rd March 2020, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lacimade.org/de-lapproche-hotspot-au-scandale-de-la-guerre-aux-migrant&#183;e-&#183;s/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Fronti&#232;re Gr&#232;ce-Turquie : de l'approche hotspot au scandale de la guerre aux migrant.es&lt;/a&gt; &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
		<enclosure url="http://migreurop.org/IMG/jpg/report_samos_2020.jpg" length="736664" type="image/jpeg" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="fr">
		<title>Hotspot de Samos : l'enfer &#224; la fronti&#232;re gr&#233;co-turque</title>
		<link>http://migreurop.org/article2986.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://migreurop.org/article2986.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2020-04-28T09:04:03Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Gr&#232;ce</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Hotspot</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Turquie</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;Le vendredi 28 f&#233;vrier 2020, le pr&#233;sident turc Recep Tayyip Erdogan d&#233;cidait unilat&#233;ralement de suspendre l'accord UE-Turquie de 2016, qui, en quatre ans, a transform&#233; cinq &#238;les grecques de la mer &#201;g&#233;e en prisons &#224; ciel ouvert pour les exil&#233;&#183;es, les fameux &#171; hotspots &#187;. A de nombreuses reprises d&#233;j&#224;, la Turquie s'&#233;tait servie de cet accord comme instrument de chantage aupr&#232;s de l'Union europ&#233;enne, en mena&#231;ant de rouvrir ses fronti&#232;res. Les critiques des gouvernants europ&#233;ens face &#224; (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/rubrique459.html" rel="directory"&gt;Rapports&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Gr&#232;ce&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot167.html" rel="tag"&gt;Hotspot&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot49.html" rel="tag"&gt;Turquie&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH125/arton2986-a18f8.jpg?1718098934' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='125' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;div class='spip_document_3395 spip_document spip_documents spip_document_image spip_documents_left spip_document_left spip_document_avec_legende' data-legende-len=&#034;59&#034; data-legende-lenx=&#034;x&#034;
&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#034;spip_doc_inner&#034;&gt; &lt;img src='http://migreurop.org/local/cache-vignettes/L181xH256/couv_rapport_samos-a0a83.jpg?1717757005' width='181' height='256' alt='' /&gt;
&lt;figcaption class='spip_doc_legende'&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_titre '&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rapport Samos 2020
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class='spip_doc_credits '&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/IMG/pdf/report_samos_2020.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://www.gisti.org/IMG/pdf/repor...&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; &lt;p&gt;Le vendredi 28 f&#233;vrier 2020, le pr&#233;sident turc Recep Tayyip Erdogan d&#233;cidait unilat&#233;ralement de suspendre l'accord UE-Turquie de 2016, qui, en quatre ans, a transform&#233; cinq &#238;les grecques de la mer &#201;g&#233;e en prisons &#224; ciel ouvert pour les exil&#233;&#183;es, les fameux &#171; hotspots &#187;. A de nombreuses reprises d&#233;j&#224;, la Turquie s'&#233;tait servie de cet accord comme instrument de chantage aupr&#232;s de l'Union europ&#233;enne, en mena&#231;ant de rouvrir ses fronti&#232;res. Les critiques des gouvernants europ&#233;ens face &#224; l'offensive turque en Syrie et la perte d'une trentaine de soldats turcs dans un bombardement russe ont &#233;t&#233; le pr&#233;texte pour mettre &#224; ex&#233;cution cette menace. Dans la foul&#233;e, des milliers d'exil&#233;&#183;es, la plupart se d&#233;pla&#231;ant dans des bus affr&#233;t&#233;s par les autorit&#233;s turques, se sont pr&#233;cipit&#233;&#183;es aux fronti&#232;res terrestres et maritimes, se heurtant &#224; la violence de la police et de l'arm&#233;e grecque aussit&#244;t d&#233;ploy&#233;es pour leur en interdire le franchissement.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Au nom de la &#171; protection des fronti&#232;res de l'Europe &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;[Tweet de Charles Michel-https://twitter.com/eucopresident/s...], pr&#233;sident (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, la fronti&#232;re gr&#233;co-turque est le th&#233;&#226;tre de nombreuses violations flagrantes des droits humains : atteinte &#224; la dignit&#233; des personnes, atteinte &#224; leur int&#233;grit&#233; physique, atteinte &#224; leur vie. La violence aux fronti&#232;res terrestres et maritimes est &#224; son paroxysme&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Sur la situation &#224; la fronti&#232;re gr&#233;co-turque : Vid&#233;os sur la situation des (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. En refusant l'entr&#233;e des exil&#233;&#183;es sur le territoire europ&#233;en, en suspendant l'enregistrement des demandes d'asile, la Gr&#232;ce, avec le soutien de l'UE qui a envoy&#233; l'agence europ&#233;enne Frontex en renfort, pi&#233;tine le principe de non-refoulement, pierre angulaire de la convention de Gen&#232;ve. Comme le rel&#232;ve la Rapporteure sp&#233;ciale des Nations unies sur les ex&#233;cutions extra judiciaires, qui d&#233;nonce &#171; une situation de non-droit absolu &#187;, &#171; la Gr&#232;ce joue un r&#244;le tout aussi cruel que celui jou&#233; par la Turquie ou le reste des &#201;tats europ&#233;ens, car la crise est (&#8230;) ancr&#233;e dans le manque de vision et de courage des dirigeants europ&#233;ens &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;&#171; R&#233;fugi&#233;s : la Gr&#232;ce est dans une situation de non-droit absolu &#187;, (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Depuis le mois de mars 2020, une nouvelle catastrophe plane sur les hotspots grecs. A l'intol&#233;rable surpopulation, au manque d'infrastructures sanitaires (eau potable, douches, toilettes) et de nourriture, &#224; l'h&#233;bergement sous tentes qui se solde chaque ann&#233;e par des morts par hypothermie, aux incendies &#224; r&#233;p&#233;tition, s'ajoute aujourd'hui le Covid-19. Le 22 mars 2020, les autorit&#233;s grecques ont annonc&#233; le confinement forc&#233; des exil&#233;&#183;es dans les camps grecs, y compris les hotspots. La surpopulation rendant la pr&#233;vention de la propagation du virus pratiquement impossible, ces mesures exposent d&#233;lib&#233;r&#233;ment ces personnes &#224; un risque grave et imminent de contamination&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;Migreurop, 3 avril 2020 &#171; De &#171; la guerre contre le virus &#187; &#224; la guerre aux (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ce rapport d&#233;crit la catastrophe humanitaire et la situation de non-droit qui caract&#233;risaient d&#233;j&#224; la condition des exil&#233;&#183;es &#224; la fin de l'ann&#233;e 2019 sur l'&#238;le de Samos, l'un des cinq hotspots grecs, avant l'enterrement de l'accord UE-Turquie et l'irruption de la pand&#233;mie du COVID 19. Au moment de sa publication, l'actualit&#233; confirme que &#171; l'approche hotspots &#187;, vant&#233;e par la Commission europ&#233;enne comme une solution pour mettre fin &#224; la &#171; crise migratoire &#187;, a bien &#171; engendr&#233; un monstre &#187;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb3-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;La Cimade, 3 mars 2020, &#171; Fronti&#232;re Gr&#232;ce-Turquie : de l'approche hotspot au (&#8230;)&#034; id=&#034;nh3-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A l'heure o&#249; nous diffusons ce rapport, nous apprenons qu'une s&#233;rie d'incendies s'est d&#233;clench&#233;e au camp de Vathy, dans le hotspot de l'&#238;le de Samos, cr&#233;ant de vives tensions entre les r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es qui tentaient de fuir les flammes et les forces de police, qui pr&#233;tendaient les en emp&#234;cher au nom des mesures restrictives en vigueur dans les hotspots grecs du fait de la pand&#233;mie du COVID 19. Le 26 avril au soir, une &#233;vacuation du camp a finalement &#233;t&#233; organis&#233;e. Mais les r&#233;fugi&#233;&#183;es, dont certain&#183;es sont bless&#233;&#183;es &#224; la suite des affrontements avec la police, sont d&#233;sormais sans abri, et les associations se sont vu interdire de les h&#233;berger en raison du COVID 19.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Rapport de missions Gisti et Migreurop &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;http://www.migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/rapport-samos-2020.pdf&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Hotspot de Samos, l'enfer &#224; la fronti&#232;re gr&#233;co-turque&lt;/a&gt; &#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr class=&#034;spip&#034; /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#201;couter l'&#233;mission Radioparleur du 27 novembre 2019 &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://radioparleur.net/2019/11/27/lile-grecque-de-samos-prison-a-ciel-ouvert-pour-les-exiles/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;L'&#238;le grecque de Samos, prison &#224; ciel ouvert pour les exil&#233;s&lt;/a&gt; &#187;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Voir aussi le &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?rubrique1149&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;dossier consacr&#233; &#224; la question des hotspots&lt;/a&gt; sur le site du Gisti.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;[Tweet de Charles Michel-&lt;a href=&#034;https://twitter.com/eucopresident/status/1234188948735430656&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://twitter.com/eucopresident/s...&lt;/a&gt;], pr&#233;sident du Conseil europ&#233;en, 1er mars 2020.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Sur la situation &#224; la fronti&#232;re gr&#233;co-turque : &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.gisti.org/spip.php?article6368&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Vid&#233;os sur la situation des violences contre les exil&#233;&#183;es &#224; la fronti&#232;re gr&#233;co-turque&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/030320/refugies-la-grece-est-dans-une-situation-de-non-droit-absolu?onglet=full&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;R&#233;fugi&#233;s : la Gr&#232;ce est dans une situation de non-droit absolu&lt;/a&gt; &#187;, &lt;i&gt;Mediapart&lt;/i&gt;, 3 mars 2020.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Migreurop, 3 avril 2020 &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;http://www.migreurop.org/article2973.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;De &#171; la guerre contre le virus &#187; &#224; la guerre aux exil&#233;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://www.migreurop.org/article2973.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#183;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://www.migreurop.org/article2973.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;e&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://www.migreurop.org/article2973.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;&#183;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://www.migreurop.org/article2973.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;s : les r&#233;ponses s&#233;curitaires au Covid-19 exacerbent les violences aux fronti&#232;res&lt;/a&gt; &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb3-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh3-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Notes 3-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;La Cimade, 3 mars 2020, &#171; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.lacimade.org/de-lapproche-hotspot-au-scandale-de-la-guerre-aux-migrant&#183;e-&#183;s/&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;Fronti&#232;re Gr&#232;ce-Turquie : de l'approche hotspot au scandale de la guerre aux migrant.es&lt;/a&gt; &#187;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
		<enclosure url="http://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/rapport-samos-2020.pdf" length="6505626" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>
<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>EU-Turkey: sharing cynicism</title>
		<link>http://migreurop.org/article2969.html</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://migreurop.org/article2969.html</guid>
		<dc:date>2020-03-18T12:39:35Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		


		<dc:subject>Greece</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Turkey</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Hotspot</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Externalisation</dc:subject>

		<description>
&lt;p&gt;More than ever, on 18 March 2020, at a time when a pandemic is spreading, attacking the most destitute and least protected populations, including migrants in the hotspots, at borders, or locked up in European detention centres, we forcefully express our total rejection of this cynical policy, which is nothing less than a war on migrants. &lt;br class='autobr' /&gt;
Four years ago, on 18 March 2016, as the &#034;EU/Turkey&#034; Statement was made public, the European Union (EU) and Turkey embarked on a &#034;dirty deal&#034;. In exchange (&#8230;)&lt;/p&gt;


-
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/rubrique456.html" rel="directory"&gt;Migreurop Statements&lt;/a&gt;

/ 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot33.html" rel="tag"&gt;Greece&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot49.html" rel="tag"&gt;Turkey&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot167.html" rel="tag"&gt;Hotspot&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="http://migreurop.org/mot168.html" rel="tag"&gt;Externalisation&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;More than ever, on 18 March 2020, at a time when a pandemic is spreading, attacking the most destitute and least protected populations, including migrants in the hotspots, at borders, or locked up in European detention centres, we forcefully express our total rejection of this cynical policy, which is nothing less than a war on migrants.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Four years ago, on 18 March 2016, as the &#034;EU/Turkey&#034; Statement was made public, the European Union (EU) and Turkey embarked on a &#034;dirty deal&#034;. In exchange for a hypothetical relocation to European countries of Syrian refugees present on Turkish land, Turkey was to &#034;host&#034; people who had been sent back from Greek hotspots after an asylum application deemed unfounded or for whom Turkey was considered a safe third country. Turkey also had to stop migrants in its territory from travelling to the EU.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At that time, no one among the EU authorities or among the governments of the member states was fooled. They were all well aware of the cynicism of their Turkish interlocutor. Cynicism, moreover, was well shared. Both sides were enjoying the benefits, while at the same time making the migrants the instrument of their negotiations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Four years later, this arrangement has revealed all its shortcomings: the hotspots have never stopped being congested, leaving thousands of people living in degrading and inhuman conditions. As the war in Syria rages on and still displaces hundreds of thousands of people, the Turkish President has carried out the threat repeatedly brandished. He announced at the end of February 2020 that he would not be anymore the &#034;gendarme&#034; of part of the EU's external borders. The response of Greece, the member states and the EU was not long in coming: supposedly outraged, they did not hesitate to implement, in the name of the protection of European borders, illegal and brutal measures in violation of the rights of the migrants. At the beginning of March, Greece suspended the registration of asylum applications in order to better push back those who would try to enter via Turkey&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;http://www.ekathimerini.com/250097/...&#034; id=&#034;nh4-1&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;; a few days later, more than 400 people who had arrived by sea were sequestered in a military vessel moored in the port of Mytilene, on the Greek island of Lesbos&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/pos...&#034; id=&#034;nh4-2&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;, without any decision having been notified to them; at the same time, Greece had to deny the existence of secret - or &#034;extrajudicial&#034; - pre-removal detention centres at its border with Turkey&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/10/...&#034; id=&#034;nh4-3&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. The height of cynicism: the International Organization for Migration (IOM), encouraged and financed by the EU, has moved to the Greek-Turkish border to offer so-called 'voluntary' return assistance to the migrants present there.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The consensus that can often be lacking within the EU in the development of a common immigration and asylum policy seems to have been found : the closure of the Greek-Turkish border and the protection of EU borders at all costs. No need to reinforce more the calls for hatred, racism and xenophobia by local militias&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;http://cadtm.org/Un-nuage-neo-fasci...&#034; id=&#034;nh4-4&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Because the EU, so predictable, only finds an answer to migration by externalising the control of its borders, Erdogan's authoritarian regime is strengthened&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt; [&lt;a href=&#034;#nb4-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; rel=&#034;appendix&#034; title=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/world/2...&#034; id=&#034;nh4-5&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;. Turkey's calculations have paid off.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;hr /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_notes'&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-1&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-1&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-1&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://www.ekathimerini.com/250097/article/ekathimerini/news/greece-freezes-asyulum-applications-from-illegally-entering-migrants&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;http://www.ekathimerini.com/250097/...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-2&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-2&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-2&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/23405/fabrice-congolais-a-bord-du-navire-bloque-a-lesbos-on-est-traites-comme-des-animaux&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/pos...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-3&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-3&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-3&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/10/world/europe/greece-migrants-secret-site.html&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/10/...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-4&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-4&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-4&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;http://cadtm.org/Un-nuage-neo-fasciste-plane-au-dessus-des-frontieres-entre-la-Grece-et-la&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;http://cadtm.org/Un-nuage-neo-fasci...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id=&#034;nb4-5&#034;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmla&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;spip_note_ref&#034;&gt;[&lt;a href=&#034;#nh4-5&#034; class=&#034;spip_note&#034; title=&#034;Footnotes 4-5&#034; rev=&#034;appendix&#034;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#034;csfoo htmlb&#034;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/16/greece-hopes-eu-turkey-talks-will-ease-tension-over-refugee-crisis&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/world/2...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		</content:encoded>


		
		<enclosure url="http://migreurop.org/IMG/pdf/eu_turkey_sharing_cynism_en-_migrp_18032020.pdf" length="77761" type="application/pdf" />
		

	</item>



</channel>

</rss>
