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Press review february 2026

 Egypt

Egypt has launched a campaign of arrests and deportations of migrant people in an effort to halt arrivals. Nearly 5,000 migrants have been detained in police stations for reasons related solely to immigration and several human rights organisations have denounced the ill-treatment and violence suffered in these places of deprivation of liberty.

Such violence is not unprecedented in Egypt, which systematically flouts its international responsibilities in terms of reception and protection (it has ratified the Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees): arbitrary detention [1] of migrants and refoulement are common practice. Yet, the European Union and its Member States have continued to strengthen their relations with Egypt since the early 2000s. The EU-Egypt partnership concluded in March 2025, which includes ’cooperation on migration and mobility’ [2] , and the recent approval of two texts on the concept of ’safe countries’ [3], consolidate the attempt to relocate the violation of fundamental rights to a ’third’ country. Through this deadly security cooperation, the EU is indirectly responsible for these violations.

 Tunisia

Since early 2026, the El Amra and Jebeniana camps in Tunisia have been the target of repeated police operations to dismantle them. The aim of these destruction, confiscations and thefts is to push sub-Saharan migrant people into ’voluntary return’ to their countries of origin. Normally managed by the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), these returns are also organised and promoted in an opaque and informal manner via WhatsApp groups, probably in conjunction with the Tunisian authorities.

So-called ’voluntary’ return is not a free choice in Tunisia, but the only choice possible in the absence of safe alternatives, effectively turning it into a disguised expulsion and thus an instrument of fundamental rights violations [4] .

Police operations, arbitrary detentions, refoulements or expulsions via ’voluntary returns’ suffered by migrants, as well as growing racism in Tunisia, make the country a notoriously unsafe place for people on the move [5] . Yet the EU and its Member States continue to entrust Tunisia with the management of migration to Europe through the 2023 Memorandum of Understanding between Tunisia and the EU, which was strongly supported by the Italian government [6], and the ’safe countries’ legislation approved by the European Parliament in February 2026.

 Germany

  • Politico, ’ Berlin to extend beefed-up border checks ’, 16 February 2026
    Germany will extend internal border controls, reintroduced in September 2024 and presented as an important part of the country’s migration policy strategy, until September 2026.

While free movement is the founding principle of the Schengen area, since 2024 the Schengen Borders Code (SBC) has allowed for the temporary reintroduction of internal controls for a maximum period of six months, except in cases of serious threats to public order or national security, which would justify an extension of up to two years [7] . Since then, ten states have reintroduced border controls: France (which had already reintroduced such controls de facto since 2015), Poland, Sweden, Austria, Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Italy, Germany and Slovenia.

With the arrival of Friedrich Merz in government and the adoption of a more repressive migration policy, Germany’s borders are becoming increasingly militarised and several cases of returns to countries such as Afghanistan and Pakistan have been documented. Despite the rulings of national courts [8] and reports by human rights organisations [9] , the government has not changed its approach, citing the need to ’contain threats to order and security’ posed by so-called ’uncontrolled’ immigration [10] . Germany thus establishes a causal link between migration and crime, even though no direct correlation between the two has been proven. It is more likely to be a biased perception, which can be explained, for example, by the over-representation of migrants in certain official statistics and the greater media visibility of offences committed by migrants compared to those committed by nationals [11]. Nevertheless, this correlation is regularly exploited in the public debate to justify serious violations of the rights of migrant people, such as refoulement and racial profiling.

On 26 February, Germany directly deported 20 Afghan nationals who had been convicted by the courts to Afghanistan. In 2024, Olaf Scholz’s government had already deported convicted Afghan nationals, but via Qatar, which was responsible for organising their return to Kabul. This is the first time since the Taliban took power in 2021 that an EU member state has carried out a direct deportation to Afghanistan, via an agreement reached in 2025 between the German government and the Taliban.

This informal agreement violates the principle of non-refoulement and sets a dangerous precedent. It is part of a broader attempt by several European states to push the EU to coordinate a strategy of direct deportations to Afghanistan [12] . This attempt may well succeed, as the European Commission began negotiations with the Taliban a few months ago on ’returns’ [13] . These practices risk normalising relations with a country that the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights has described as a ’graveyard for human rights’.

 Cyrprus

Since mid-December, police operations in Cyprus aimed at detecting migrants without the right to stay have intensified. According to the authorities, 160 people have been deported and 480 have made so-called ’voluntary’ returns.

Cyprus currently holds the six-month presidency of the Council of the EU and its current priority is to demonstrate its performance in border management. This policy is part of its bid to join the Schengen area, scheduled for later in 2026.

Cyprus has already been accused and found guilty of violating the rights of migrant people on several occasions (notably the refoulement of Syrian asylum seekers [14] ), but these decisions have had no effect: on the contrary, the southern part of the island continues to benefit from EU support for its migration policies that violate rights [15] .

 Spain

Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez said in an interview with CNN that cooperation with Morocco has significantly reduced so-called ’irregular’ immigration to Spain, describing this bilateral partnership as essential for managing migration.

This statement comes after the announced regularisation of 500,000 migrant people in Spain and Sánchez’s explicit opposition to the creation of ’return centres’ outside European borders for rejected asylum seekers [16] .

In reality, however, Spain systematically outsources the management of its borders, entrusting it in particular to Morocco and Mauritania [17] . Acting in line with the EU and its Member States, Spain bears responsibility for human rights violations against migrant people in these countries, which have been widely documented in several reports [18] .

 Italy

On 11 February, the Italian government approved a draft immigration bill introducing new restrictive measures in advance of the European Union’s Pact on Migration and Asylum. Among other things, the text provides for a ’naval blockade’ of up to six months for vaguely defined security reasons, with heavy fines and confiscation of the vessel in the event of non-compliance with the ban on navigation in Italian territorial waters. Furthermore, migrants on board may be transferred to so-called third countries other than their countries of origin, with which Italy has concluded formal or informal agreements. Other measures include facilitated expulsion procedures, stricter criteria for family reunification and subsidiary protection, and a reduction in the guarantees granted to unaccompanied minors.

This bill contravenes international obligations on asylum and rescue at sea, and risks leading to collective refoulement at borders and on the high seas. In the wake of recent European legislation on the concept of ’safe countries’, this bill exposes migrant people to serious human rights violations, particularly with regard to the individual examination of their asylum applications. Supported by the European Union, the Italian government continues to shirk its responsibilities in terms of reception and protection, and to systematically criminalise migrants and solidarity organisations [19] .

 Sweden

In Sweden, many young migrant people are deported after reaching the age of majority. A reform adopted in 2016 stipulates that young people who reach the age of 18 before obtaining permanent resident status are no longer considered part of their parents’ family unit. They are therefore no longer eligible for family reunification and are deprived of the right to stay.

Cases of deportation of these young people to their ’countries of origin’, with which they have little or no actual connection, are on the rise in the current context of Sweden’s increasingly harsh migration policies [20] . It is becoming increasingly difficult for minors to obtain permanent resident status: family reunification applications are often processed with delays that result in some young people losing their protection [21] . Guarantees for families are being weakened, and Sweden is flouting its international obligations to respect private and family life and the best interests of the child.

 United Kingdom

The UK government claims to have deported 60,000 criminals and migrants without the right to remain since Labour came to power (July 2024). According to some, the recent increase in deportations is the result of a desperate attempt to counter the far right (Reform UK is ahead of Labour in recent polls) through populist and criminalising rhetoric. In the wake of this, the United Kingdom has announced on several occasions its intention to introduce measures into its legislation aimed at limiting appeals against deportations by circumventing the application of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). In particular, this would be done through laws aimed at restricting the interpretation of Articles 3 (prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment) - which, however, allows for no exceptions [22] - and 8 (right to respect for private and family life). [23] [24]

The country is among those that signed an open letter in 2025 [25] calling for a more restrictive interpretation of these two articles, which could allow the expulsion of migrant people even in cases of dangerous returns [26] . The United Kingdom thus joins the ranks of states that are challenging international law or seeking to adapt it to subordinate it to the dominant anti-migration ideology.

 The concept of "safe countries"

On 10 February, the European Parliament adopted two texts on the concept of ’safe countries’, thanks to an alliance between the right and the far right. The first establishes a common list of countries of origin considered ’safe’, including Tunisia, Morocco, Colombia, Kosovo, Egypt, India and Bangladesh. Member States will have to apply accelerated procedures to examine asylum applications from nationals of these countries, on the assumption that they do not, a priori, need protection. The second text, on ’safe third countries’, allows any asylum application from persons who have transited through one of these countries to be declared inadmissible and for them to be deported there.

However, systematic human rights violations have been widely documented in these countries considered ’safe’ by the EU [27] . Furthermore, no one can guarantee that a country is safe for all its nationals.

The EU is thus shirking its responsibilities in terms of asylum, putting in place a punitive system of mass deportations and systematising the violation of the principle of non-refoulement and the right to an individual examination of asylum applications.

 The "Return Regulation" proposal

The EU is currently negotiating the ’Return Regulation’, which aims to replace the 2008 Return Directive, the framework for detention and deportation within the EU, and which would, among other things, extend and normalise raids and surveillance measures in Member States. Member States would be required to ’detect’ persons without the right to stay , thereby transforming everyday spaces and public services into tools of control, similar toBrigitte Espuche2026-03-09T11:23:00BEexplain what it is

ICE in the United States (Immigration and Customs Enforcement) [28] .

More than 80 associations have signed a statement warning that this regulation ’would consolidate a punitive system, fuelled by far-right rhetoric and based on racialised suspicion, denunciation, detention and deportation’ [29] .

The draft Return Regulation stems from a proposal by the European Commission in March 2025. It was approved in a more repressive version on 9 March by the European Parliament’s Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE), at the instigation of an alliance between the right and the far right and will be voted on in plenary in the coming days. The proposed measures include expanding coercive measures, facilitating forced expulsions and legalising outsourcing practices. This is yet another attack on the rights of migrant people and the European democratic order.

Press review february 2026